A Time of Social Change 1963–1975

Women at Work

• 19th Amendment

• By 1963 1/3 of workers in US were women

• Earning 60% of what a man earned

• Service jobs – sales clerk, secretary, and domestic servants

Women at Home

• Marry young – about 20 years old

• Have a couple of kids

• Betty Freidan The Feminine Mystique

• Many women felt trapped by domestic life, were unhappy just being homemakers and wives.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ivUOnnstpg

Feminism on the Move

• AKA women’s liberation movement/ Equal Rights Movement

• Women and men should be equal socially, politically, and economically

• Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned gender discrimination in employment

National Organization for Women 1966 NOW

• Worked to end discrimination in the workplace, schools, and justice system.

• Worked to end violence against women

• Worked to gain abortion rights

• Through rallies, marches, protests, lawsuits, lobbied government

Equal Rights Amendment

• Threat to traditional family life?

• Fears of women being drafted into the military

• FAILED to become a law by 3 states (needed 38 states by 1982 to ratify law)

Roe v Wade 1973

Native Americans

• High unemployment rates

• Average income less than half of a white American man

• Poor health, alcoholism, tuberculosis high

• Life expectancy lower and babies more likely to die in infancy

Termination policy

• Eisenhower decided to stop services to reservation and relocate Native Americans to the cities. Assimilate them into “Mainstream” society

• Between 1952-1967, 200,000 Native Americans were resettled

• Government did not allocate resources for them to help them adjust to urban life

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yd37B0MrlSE

Declaration of Indian Purpose 1961• 700 Native American from 64 Nations met

in Chicago

• Wanted to end the Termination policy and take control of their own lives

• RED POWER MOVEMENT

• National Council on Indian Opportunity to get Indians more involved in setting policies - Johnson

Alcatraz occupation

• 1969 tried to reclaim the abandoned federal prison in San Francisco.

• Lasted 18 months

• Said they had a right to be there because of the Treaty of Fort Laramie in 1868 gave them the right to use any surplus federal territory.

Result• NM returned 48,000 acres of the Second

Blue Lake lands to the Taos Indians in 1970

American Indian Movement 1968

• Renewal of culture

• Economic independence

• Better education for Indian children.

Other organizations

• Native American Rights Fund – legal services

• National Indian Education Association – improve access to education for Native Americans

• Council on Energy Resource Tribes – gain and control their natural resources and choose to protect or develop them

Native Americans Today

• Unemployment at 40% and on some reservation up to 90%

• High school drop out rate among highest in the nation

• Red Power instilled greater pride and wide spread appreciation for Native American culture.

Latinos

• 1960 – 900,000 in US

• Immigration Act of 1965 – gave preference to immigrants with relatives already in US

• 1/3 lived below poverty line

• High unemployment – 80% in low paying, unskilled jobs (factory work, construction work, farm labor, and household service)

Education

• 75% dropped out before finishing high school

• Few of their teachers were Latino or able to speak Spanish.

• Shabbier facilities, fewer resources, less qualified teacher

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qy6wo2wpT2k

Cesar Chavez

• Agricultural workers in California went on strike

• Don’t buy grapes

• Success – he then organized lettuce workers in California and migrant fruit pickers in Florida’s citrus groves

Chicanos/ La Raza Unida Party

• Ethnic pride and commitment to political activism

• Wanted bilingual education, improved public services, education for children of migrant workers, and end to job discrimination.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwwyvLjDU3M

Brown Berets

• Protested against police brutality in East Los Angeles

• Protested high death rate of Chicano soldiers in Vietnam

• Boricua = Puerto Ricans

Cubans

• Castro gains control over Cuba in 1959

• 78,000 Cubans flee to American

• Castro bans further emigration another 50,000 escape

• Flee for political reasons

Scarface

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pQQHnqBa2E

Counterculture

• Rebellion of teens and young adults against mainstream American society

• Blamed parents for generation for the problems the nation faced – threat of nuclear war, Vietnam War, racial discrimination and segregation and environment pollution

Hippies

• Abandoned schools, jobs, and traditional home life

• Wanted freewheeling existence, rejected materialism and work ethic of older generations

• Wanted to live simply and “Do their own thing”

Hippies

• Haight-Ashbury center for counterculture

• Communes – live in harmony with nature

• Peace and love

• New religions (Buddhism)

• Astrology

• Illegal drugs – marijuana, LSD (acid)

• “Tune in, turn on, and drop out”

Hippies

• Long hair and breads

• Lack of rules led to conflict

Summer of Love 1967

• Drug addiction – overdoses

Entertainment

• Andy Warhol – pop art

• Films rated from G to X

• Woodstock 1969 – 400,000 attended

All in the Family

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O_UBgkFHm8o

Writing assignment (1 paragraph)

• Could you have lived in the 1960s and early 1970s? Explain your answer as it pertains to:

• Civil Rights

• The Vietnam War

• Space/arms race

• Equal rights for women, Native Americans, and Latinos