BY: K . JANTARACHFOR MR. HASKVITZ’S CLASS

MARCH 10 , 2011

REFORM TIMELINE

1807The start

of the abolition

movement where

thousands tried to abolish slave

trade.

1807

When New Jersey first joined the United States, they allowed

women to vote. But in 1807, this

right of theirs was taken away.

1817Thomas

Gallaudet founded the first

free school for

those hearing

impaired.

1821THE AUBURN PRISON

DISASTER. Many of the eighty men locked in solitary in the Auburn Prison had mental breakdowns or committed suicide. Therefore, the government changed the usual whippings and beatings to strict discipline to keep them in line. Because of this, the hope of making a better place led to the next generation of reformers, including Dorothea Dix.

1821The first woman’s college

was opened by

Emma Willard.

1826

The Temperance Movement begins and the American

Temperance Society is formed

as the first national

temperance organization.

1833William Lloyd

Garrison found the

American Anti Slavery

Society. Some wanted

immediate emancipation

and racial equality for

African Americans.

1837Horace Mann

becomes Massachusetts first secretary of education and got the state to double the school budget, lengthen the school year, and begin a school for teacher training.

1838

Horace Mann founded and edited The Common School Journal where he talked about the problems with public schools. His six main principles were: 1. The public should no long be ignorant; 2. Such education should be paid for, controlled, and sustained by the public; 3. That the education should be provided in school that accept children of all background (common school movement); 4. The education must be non –sectarian; 5. That the education must be taught by the spirit, methods, and discipline of a free society; and, 6. The education should be provided by well-trained, professional teachers.

1839

The Grimké sisters (Angelina

and Sarah Grimké) wrote

American Slavery as It Is, which

was a very important

antislavery book.

1840Eight years after

the American Anti Slavery Society was formed, it split into two, because some

of the members wanted immediate emancipation and a big role for women, but others wanted

slower emancipation and a

smaller role for women.

1841

In 1841, Dorothea

Dix visited a Massachuset

ts prison and was

shocked by the

conditions the

prisoners were living

in.

1843 - 1845After visiting the

Massachusetts prison, Dorothea

Dix wrote a detailed report

about what she saw and it caught the attention of the

crowd. Soon after, Massachusetts

passed a bill to fix the prison problems.

1845Dorothea Dix submitted a

record of all the horrors of the

prisons she saw on her two year tour of the jails

to the legislature, and soon, she would

try to reform prisons all across the country.

1848

The first women’s rights convention

was held in Seneca Falls, New

York, where the Declaration of

Sentiments was signed.

1853

(Jan. )Woman’s

temperance convention was held;

constitution drafted and

Ohio Women’s

Temperance Society

created.

1861 - 1865The American

Civil War occurred, where the Confederate States went into

battle against the Union States

over the issue of slavery.

1863

Abraham Lincoln issued the

Emancipation Proclamation

which freed all slaves in the Confederate

states.

1865

The Thirteenth

Amendment is passed,

which prohibited

slavery everywhere

.

1865, JuneJune 19, 1865 is actually the official

day that slavery was abolished and

the freedom of slaves were

acknowledged. Therefore, African Americans leaders have been trying to get June 19 to be a

holiday: Juneteenth.

1869(May)The National

Woman Suffrage

Association was formed by Susan B. Anthony and

Elizabeth Cady

Stanton.

1878

Susan B. Anthony introduced the federal woman

suffrage amendment to

the Congress but was not passed.

1879The Knights

of Labor became the first truly national

labor union in the United States.

1886 The American

Federation of Labor (AFL) was formed to

get better wages, hours, and working conditions for the

laborers. They used collective bargaining, where all the workers acted together so that

they would have a better chance in

negotiating with the management.

1886(May)

Haymarket Riot: Union members went on strike

for an eight-hour workday. Eight police men and several others were killed, while many

police officers and hundreds of

others were wounded.

1890The National

American Woman Suffrage Association

[formed from the National Woman

Suffrage Association and the National American Woman

Suffrage Association] was

formed and waged campaigns for

women’s voting rights.

1892

Homestead Strike: Union

members protested the plan to buy

new machinery and cut jobs.

Sixteen people died in a

fourteen hour long battle, but

four months later, the union was defeated.

1894 (May)Pullman Strike: George Pullman, owner of Pullman

Palace Car Company, cut the

pay of workers and lay off some of them

without lowering their rent.

Therefore, the workers went on a

strike against it only to be stopped by federal troops.

1904

The National

Child Labor Committee

was organized

as an attempt at child labor

reform.

1905Industrial Workers of

the World (IWW): A union that accepted

all immigrants, women, African Americans, and

others who were not welcomed into the

AFL. They wanted to organize all the

workers into their union so that they would overthrow

capitalism.

1911

The Triangle

Shirtwaist Fire led to

the improvement of factory

safety standards.

1912The Children’s

Bureau was established to

investigate in the matters of child

welfare, child life, infant mortality, birth-

rate, orphanage, juvenile courts,

desertion, dangerous occupations,

accidents, diseases, employment, and legislation which affected children.

1913

The Congressiona

l Union formed to for

women suffrage,

which later became

known as the National Women’s

Party.

1919Eighteenth

Amendment goes into effect. It

made the sale, transportation,

and manufacture of alcohol illegal

in the United States;

prohibition.

1919The federal

woman suffrage

amendment written by Susan B.

Anthony in 1878 (in a

slide before) is passed.

1920

The Woman’s Bureau of the Department of

Labor is formed.

1920(August)

The Nineteenth Amendment is ratified,

giving women the

rights to vote.

1933Twenty-first Amendment is

passed, repealing the Eighteenth

Amendment, but still made the

transportation or importation for

delivery of liquors prohibited.

1936

The first state child labor law is

passed requiring children under 15 who are

working in factories to go to school

at least 3 months a

year.

1938

The Fair Labor Standards Act finally lets the

employment ages and working hours for all

children to be regulated by the

federal law

1964

The Civil Rights Act

of 1964 finally gave

women equal

rights as men.

The End.