a transportation perspective on biodiesel and advanced
TRANSCRIPT
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A Transportation Perspective on Biodiesel and Advanced Biomass
Conversion Fuels
California Energy CommissionSacramento, CAMarch 1, 2005
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Outline
1. Evolution of:Energy-Environmental-Fuel
2. Renewable Fuels3. Context – Cost Effectiveness4. Prerequisites for Renewable Fuels5. Thermal Conversion Process Diesel
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Crude Oil Sources For California Refineries 1982 - 2003
California
Alaska Foreign
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002
Mill
ions
of B
arre
ls
4one possible view of the future - not a forecast
The next 20 years will see a wider range of technologies and fuel types, especially in the developed world
0102030405060708090
100
2000 2010 2020
% of New cars
Diesel (inc Bio-diesel/GTL)
Gasoline (inc Ethanol)
HydrogenFuel cell
Sparkignition
Compressionignitionengines
LPG/CNG
Hybrid
Naphtha/Methanol
HCCI
Source: Shell Global Solutions
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Fuel Diversification Scenario Europe
today 302010Years
Hydrogen regenerative
Crude oil based50 ppm S
Crude oil based with <10 ppm sulphur
SynFuelNatural gas based
SunFuelBiomass based
others (CNG)
Source: VW, Dr. Wolfgang Steiger
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California Demand versus Local Supply
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17
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25
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1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017 2020 2023
Bill
ions
of G
allo
ns
Supply from California Refineries
2.6 billion
9.2 billion
Gasoline & Diesel Fuel
High Demand Case @2.3 Percent Per Year
Base Demand Case @1.5 Percent Per Year
Historical Forecast
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Evolution of Environmental Aspects
Greenhouse Gases CO
Energy
2
Exhaust Emissions CO,NOx,HC,PM
20301995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Source: VW, Dr. Wolfgang SteigerDOE Forum 7. March 2004, Washington, USA
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Fuel Evolution:
Fuel Evolution:
Diesel/GasolineCrude Oil Based
Synthetic Fuel Natural Gas Based
SunFuelRenewable
HydrogenRenewable
Shared Fuel Strategy
Source: VW, Dr. Wolfgang Steiger
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Prerequisites for Sustainable Transportation Fuels
• Liquid at room temperature & pressure• Compatible with existing petroleum-based
infrastructure• Compatible with old and future engines
and vehicles• Economically - competitive with petroleum
based fuels
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Biodiesel and Advanced Diesel Fuels
• Gas-to-Liquids (GTL)• Coal-to-Liquid (CTL)• Biomass-to-Liquid (BTL)
– Sun Diesel – VW, CHOREN, Daimler Chrysler• Thermal Conversion Process
– Changing World Technologies• Biodiesel
Same High Quality Fuel
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Shell GTL Shell GTL -- SShell hell MMiddle iddle DDistillate istillate SSynthesisynthesis
Commercially proven technology, at Commercially proven technology, at BintuluBintulu, Malaysia since 1993 , Malaysia since 1993 ……....
O2O2
Syngas600 MMscf/d
NaturalGas
CO + 2H2
SynthesisSynthesis
–(CH2)n– 75,000 bbl/day
naphtha, LPG,gasoil,specialityproducts
HydrocrackingHydrocracking
PowerGeneration +WaterWater
SyngasManufacture
Ready for largeReady for large--scale applications!scale applications!
Source: Shell Global Solutions
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GTL Supply Potential
Working Group Estimated GTL CapacityYear (bbl/d) (gallon/year)2010 75,000 1,150,000,000 2015 388,700 5,960,000,000 2020 800,000 12,265,000,000
Today there is over $20 Billion Committed in New GTL Plants World Wide
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Biomass SunFuel
Synthesis
CO2 loop with SunFuel
Source: VW, Dr. Wolfgang Steiger
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DieselWax Gaso-line
PyrolysisPyrolysis
GasificationGasification
Gas-CleaningGas-Cleaning Shift ReactorShift
Reactor
FT-SynthesisFT-Synthesis
H2O
H2
50 % cellulose25 % hemicellulose25 % lignite
50 % cellulose25 % hemicellulose25 % lignite
50 % CO25 % H2
25 % CO2
50 % CO25 % H2
25 % CO2
BiomassBiomass
Hydro-treatmentHydro-
treatment
Biomass to Liquid Fuel Production via Fischer Tropsch Synthesis
Distillation
Source: VW, Dr. Wolfgang Steiger
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Assessment of Biofuel from an Auto View“Not all Biofuels considered by the EU are equally suitable for automotive applications“.
Source: R.R. Maly, DC & H. Heinrich, VW: View on Biofuels as Road Fuels; DOE Combustion and Fuels Meeting; Washington, March 17, 2004
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Biodiesel’s Reduced Emissions
• Sulfur• Carbon
Monoxide• Hydrocarbons• Life Cycle CO2• Particulate
matter
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SMDS in 1,9ltr 74kW VW-Diesel engine
Euro 4
0,000
0,005
0,010
0,015
0,020
0,025
0,030
0,035
0,000 0,050 0,100 0,150 0,200 0,250 0,300 0,350NOx emission [g/km]
Part
icul
ate
emis
sion
s[g
/km
] DieselSMDS
Source: VW, Dr. Wolfgang Steiger
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Alternative Diesel Fuels Incremental Cost Effectiveness
<10%$1.50Biodiesel50%<$1.50BTL
??$40Hydrogen>50%$1.50-$2.25CNG-LNG
>>50%25¢GTL<20%22¢Propane
Potential Total Displacement
Cost/diesel-gallon saved
Fuels
Source: CEC Staff unpublished Cost Effectiveness Analysis
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CarboV Test Facility CHOREN
Capacity: 1 MW thermalInput: wood
StrawGreen plantsShredder-Light-FractionCoal
Products: currently.: BioSynGas el. powerin 05.2003 : Diesel appx. 600ltr/day
KeroseneMethanol
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Prerequisites for Renewable Diesel Fuels Penetration
• Legislated or Mandated use– EPACT-93– EURO Directive
• Or incentives– 2004 Jobs Act -Blenders Credit
• Competitive Economics is key– Economies of Scale are important
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The TDI Is Future-Oriented …
0.3 l SDI 1cyl. 6,3 kW (8,6 PS)0,99 l/100 kmEuro 4 limits
VW 1-Litre Car
... demonstration of feasibility
Source: VW, Dr. Wolfgang Steiger
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THE ENDBut Stay Tuned for Changing
World Technologies Presentation