a very basic introduction to...apologetics
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UNDER ATTACK :DEFENDING YOUR FA I
The importance of Christian
apologetics in 21st century
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APOLOGETICSGREEK WORD :”SPEAK ING IN DEFEN
REASONED ARGUMENTS TPROVE THE CHRISTIAN FAI
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APOLOGETICS…
- EVERY CHRISTIAN
- KNOW GOD’S WORD
- BE ABLE TO ANSWERQUESTIONS AND OBJECTIO
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( I S THAT ) A GOOD PO INT?
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…from the Bible that we should be engage
apologetics - what are the important text
Could you…
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Philemon 6
And I pray that the sharing of
your faith may become
effective for the full knowledge
of every good thing that is in
us for the sake of Christ.
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Romans 10:11-15
How then will they call on him inwhom they have not believed? And
how are they to believe in him of
whom they have never heard? Andhow are they to hear without
someone preaching [telling them]?
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Acts 1:8
But you will receive power when theHoly Spirit has come upon you, and
you will be my witnesses in
Jerusalem and in all Judea andSamaria, and to the end of
the earth.
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Matthew 28:18-20
And Jesus came and said to them,
“All authority in heaven and on
earth has been given to me. Go
therefore and make disciples of all
nations…”
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WHAT WOULD YOU SAY…
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WHAT WOULD YOU SAY…
I am not a sinner / I am a good person
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WHAT WOULD YOU SAY…
I am not a sinner / I am a good person
I already believe in God
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WHAT WOULD YOU SAY…
I am not a sinner / I am a good person
I already believe in God
I am an atheist. I don't believe in God
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WHAT WOULD YOU SAY…
I am not a sinner / I am a good person
I already believe in God
I am an atheist. I don't believe in God
Why did Jesus have to die in orderfor me to go to heaven?
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WHAT WOULD YOU SAY…
I am not a sinner / I am a good person
I already believe in God
I am an atheist. I don't believe in God
Why did Jesus have to die in orderfor me to go to heaven?
What makes you think the Bible is
the word of God?
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OPEN DOORS WORLD WATCH LI ST 2
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OPEN DOORS WORLD WATCH LI ST 2
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A FEW EXAMPLE
OF EVIDENCE
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EARTH ISPERFECTLY
DESIGNED FORLIFE
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! If Earth were smaller it couldn’tsupport an atmosphere, like on
Mercury. If it were larger, like Jupiter,
the atmosphere would contain free
hydrogen, which is poison for us.
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! If Earth were smaller it couldn’tsupport an atmosphere, like on
Mercury. If it were larger, like Jupiter,
the atmosphere would contain free
hydrogen, which is poison for us.
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! The Earth is at a “just
right” distance from the sunand the other planets in our
solar system. If we were closer
to the sun, we’d burn up. If we
were farther away, we’d
freeze.
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! Earth rotates on every 24 hours:
So the sun warms the planet evenly. On
the moon there are massive
temperature variations because it lacks
enough atmosphere or water to keep ordeflect the sun’s energy.
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A SENSE OF
MORALITY
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IF WE JUST EVOLVED FROM
APES, AND THERE IS NOTHIEXCEPT SPACE, TIME, AND
MATTER, THEN FROM WHE
DID OUR MORAL SENSE ORIGHT AND WRONG ARISE
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DOSTOYEVSKY,“IF THERE IS NO GO
THEN EVERYTHING PERMISSIBLE.”
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Children, without being taught, know
if something is “fair.”
Who taught them what fair is?
We are born with an inner sense of
what is fair, right and good - though it
gets distorted over time.
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Certain values can be found in all
human cultures…
! Murdering people is wrong.
! Lying and cheating are wrong.
! Stealing is wrong
!...etc.
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Does feeling guilty indicate ultimate
right and wrong?
We feel guilty when we think we’ve
broken a moral rule. And that
feeling hurts our souls. Guilt is —ethical pain.
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Life starts with us knowing right
and wrong, showing that we are
made in the image of God.
When someone does us wrong we
feel bad because a moral law has
been broken — a moral law given
by a moral law giver.
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POPULAR CULTURE SAYS
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POPULAR CULTURE SAYS…
POPULAR CULTURE SAYS
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POPULAR CULTURE SAYS…
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FINE TUNING O
THE UNIVERSE
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Many people think that science
disproves the need to believe in God.
Many respected and world known
scientists believe in God.
The discoveries of physics andcosmology in the last 50 years strongly
support God’s existence.
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Apologists and scientists talk of the
world being fine tuned for life. That
means the world was precisely
designed in such a way that complex
life was possible.
Here are some (simplified) examples
of that design.
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3 Categories:
1. Fine-tuning of the laws of nature
2. Fine-tuning of the constants of physics
3. Fine-tuning of the initial distribution of maenergy of the universe at the time of the big
T W O EXAMPLES
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T W O EXAMPLES
The value of the weak force (the force operat
inside the nucleus of an atom) is so fine tuned
it were changed by even one part in 10x100 a
permitting universe would not have occurred.
T W O EXAMPLES
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T W O EXAMPLES
A change in the cosmological constant (which
the acceleration of the universes expansion) b
little as 10x120 would have prevented a life
permitting universe.
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Roger Penrose of Oxford University, the odds
low entropy state which exists in our universe,
existing by chance are 10x10(123)!
To put this fine tuning in context - an accuracy
part in 10x60 is like firing a bullet towards the
side of the observable universe, 20 billion ligh
away, and hitting a one inch target.
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Steven Hawking:
“The remarkable fact is that the
values of these numbers [i.e. the
constants of physics] seem to have
been very finely adjusted to make
possible the development of life.”
“A Brief History of Time,” p. 125
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THE BIBLE
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“YOU CHRISTIANS LOOK AFTER A
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“YOU CHRISTIANS LOOK AFTER ADOCUMENT CONTAINING ENOUGH
DYNAMITE TO BLOW ALL CIVILI SATTO PIECES, TURN THE WORLD UPSIDOWN AND BRING PEACE TO A BAT
TORN PLANET. BUT YOU TREAT IT
THOUGH IT IS NOTHING MORE THAPIECE OF LITERATURE.”! MAHATM
GANDHI
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Can We Trust the New
Testament as a Historical
Document?
Does it tell the truth?
The Bible in historical terms is
the most reliable ancient
document in history.
THE B IBL IOGRAPH IC AL T ES
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The number of copies
The time interval between the original
and the existing copies
The degree of accuracy of the copies
5 686 hand written Greek N T manuscripts
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5,686 hand written Greek N.T. manuscripts
10,000 Latin Vulgate
9300 Old Latin, Slavic, Arabic, Anglo
Saxon, etc. Other Languages –
A total of 24,970 manuscript copies of
portions of the New Testament exist today
Josh McDowell, The New Evidence That
Demands A Verdict P. 34
A Ti
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AuthorDate Written
Earliest Copy
Approx Time
betweenoriginal ©
Number ofCopies
Accuraof Cop
Caesar 100-44 B.C. 900 A.D. 1000 yrs 10 ----
Sophocles 496-406 B.C. 1000 A.D 1400 yrs 193 ----
Homer (Iliad) 900 B.C. 400 B.C. 500 yrs 643 95%
New
Testament
1st Cent. A.D.
(50-100 A.D.
2nd Cent.
A.D.
(c.130 A.D.)
less than 100
years5600 99.5
Approx Time
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AuthorDate Written
Earliest Copy
Approx Time
betweenoriginal ©
Number ofCopies
Accuraof Cop
Caesar 100-44 B.C. 900 A.D. 1000 yrs 10 ----
Sophocles 496-406 B.C. 1000 A.D 1400 yrs 193 ----
Homer (Iliad) 900 B.C. 400 B.C. 500 yrs 643 95%
New
Testament
1st Cent. A.D.
(50-100 A.D.
2nd Cent.
A.D.
(c.130 A.D.)
less than 100
years5600 99.5
The Amount of Time
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The Amount of Time
Mode
versio
Earliest
Copy
x Years
Is it better for X to be longer or shorter?
The shorter time (X) between the earliest
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The shorter time (X) between the earliest
and the original copies, the less chance th
have been changed or added
Mode
versio
Earliest
Copy x Years
For the New Testament X = 75 years
ARCHAEOLOGY
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A lot of history is recorded in the
Bible – places, people, and events.
Archaeology has shown many of these
are true.
This shows the Bible records things
truthfully.
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In John 5:1-15 Jesus heals a
man at the Pool of Bethesda.Five porticoes were
discovered 40 feet (14m)
underground matching
John's description.
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In 9:7 John mentions the
Pool of Siloam. People hadsuggested it didn’t exist.
This pool was discovered in
1897, showing the accuracyof John.
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A stone bearing the
writing,
“Pontius Pilate Prefect
of Judea” 26-37 A.D.
(Discovered 1961)
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THE
RESURRECTION
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Every sermon preached by Christians in
the NT centres on the resurrection.
The Gospel is the good news of Christ’s
resurrection.
The resurrection of Jesus Christ, was thegreatest event in human history.
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Other religious leaders still lie in the
grave - only one, Jesus, has ever risen
from the dead!
The disciples were changed after the
resurrection - before hidden behind
closed doors, after confident world
changers ready to face death.
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Other religious leaders still lie in the
grave - only one, Jesus, has ever risen
from the dead!
The disciples were changed after the
resurrection - before hidden behind
closed doors, after confident world
changers ready to face death.
h b d d
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The resurrection can be proved and
believed with as much historical
credibility as any other well
documented event in ancient
history.
There are 5 theories about what
happened.
5 Theories about the resurrection
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Jesus Died Jesus Rose 1
5 Theories about the resurrection
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Jesus Died Jesus Rose 1
2. H
Jesus didn’t rise
The apostleswere deceivedJesus didn’t
rise
5 Theories about the resurrection
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Jesus Died Jesus Rose 1
2. H
Jesus didn’t rise
The apostleswere deceivedJesus didn’t
rise
5 Theories about the resurrection
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Jesus Died Jesus Rose 1
2. H
Jesus didn’t rise
The apostleswere deceivedJesus didn’t
riseThe apostles were
myth-makers
5 Theories about the resurrection
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Jesus Died Jesus Rose 1
2. H
Jesus didn’t rise
The apostleswere deceivedJesus didn’t
riseThe apostles were
myth-makers
5 Theories about the resurrection
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Jesus Died Jesus Rose 1
2. H
Jesus didn’t rise
The apostleswere deceivedJesus didn’t
riseThe apostles were
myth-makers
4. ConThe apostles
were deceivers
5 Theories about the resurrection
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Jesus Died Jesus Rose 1
2. H
Jesus didn’t rise
The apostleswere deceivedJesus didn’t
riseThe apostles were
myth-makers
4. ConThe apostles
were deceivers
5 Theories about the resurrection
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Jesus Died Jesus Rose 1
2. H
Jesus didn’t rise
The apostleswere deceivedJesus didn’t
riseThe apostles were
myth-makers
4. ConThe apostles
were deceivers
Jesusdidn’t die
5 Theories about the resurrection
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Jesus Died Jesus Rose 1
2. H
Jesus didn’t rise
The apostleswere deceivedJesus didn’t
riseThe apostles were
myth-makers
4. ConThe apostles
were deceivers
Jesusdidn’t die
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THE SWOON(FAINTING)
THEORY
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1. Jesus could not have survivedcrucifixion. Roman procedures
were very careful to eliminate
that possibility.
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2. The Roman soldier did not break
Jesus' legs, as he did to the othertwo crucified criminals (Jn 19:31-33)
This means that the soldier was sure
Jesus was dead.
3 J h it
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3. John, an eyewitness,
certified that he saw blood
and water come from Jesus'
pierced heart (Jn 19:34-35).
This shows that Jesus' lungs
had collapsed and he haddied of asphyxiation.
4 The body was totally covered
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4. The body was totally covered
in bandages and in a sealed
tomb (Jn 19:38-42).
5. The Roman guards at the
tomb were overpowered by a
man who had been beaten andcrucified?
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THE CONSPIRAC
THEORY
Did the disciples make up the
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whole story?
- The apostles were great liars
- No one ever confessed to lying,
even under intense pressure
- They were attacking the Roman
and religious authorities
The disciples were changed
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- The disciples were changed
people - by what power?
- Many were martyred for a “lie”
- These simple “uneducated”
men made up the greatest story -the Gospel
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THE END
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THE END