a very warm welcome - besafe · 2017-08-18 · 7.comparing injury/accident data before/after bbs...
TRANSCRIPT
A Very Warm Welcome
For
Behavior Based Safety (BBS)
Workshop
BBS India, 0091-9322006518 2
BEHAVIOR BASED SAFETY
(BBS)
Dr. H.L. Kaila, BBS Project Director
Dr. H.L. Kaila, BBS Trainer & Implementer, Doctorate from Tata Institute of Social Sciences,
30 years professional experience in the field of Organizational Psychology
Pioneered Behaviour Based Safety (BBS) training in India
Member Expert Panel for National Safety Council
Served the Central Labour Institute, Ministry of Labour for 10 years
Served Professor of Organizational Psychology at SNDT Women’s university for 18 years at
Represented International Conferences-New York, Berlin, Rome, New Zealand, London Sydney
Editor - Journal of Psychosocial Research indexed in American Psychological Association.
Dr Kaila conducted more than 600 BBS workshops.
Published 12 books and 75 articles in referred journals.
Agenda : Workshop Contents
• Concept of Behaviour Based Safety
• BBS as OHSAS Compliance
• Behaviour Observation and Feedback process
• Measurement of safe & unsafe Behaviors
• Video – I chose to look another way
• Zero accidents vs. zero unsafe behavior
• Road Map: Implementing Behavior Safety across organization
• Health Break – tea/ coffee
• BBS Posters and Banners
• Video – safety review
• Tasks of BBS Core & Steering Teams
• An Indian Experience on Behavior Based Safety
• BBS Project organization
• Participants’ learning assessment & queries
• Workshop Evaluation & Valediction
• Vote of Thanks
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
BBS
BBS is a whistleblower on the behavioural
risks which are apparently business risks
like violating standard procedures and so
on. BBS means when you are walking
through your work place and observe that
somebody is working with such a risk, you
stop for a couple of minutes and alert him
for spot correction as a big brother not as
boss, and this correction procedure is
developed in the organization as a regular
way of work life involving everyone
including all top to bottom, and this entire
BBS activity is measured in a scientific way
each month (Kaila, 2015).
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
A Single unsafe behaviour can cause accident. Hence the entire
BBS implementation evolves around adopting a correction
procedure not fault finding. Also Its important to understand that
culture drives behaviour, so you can’t punish an individual.
BBS application is truly democratization of Correction power for
decision-making attitude to draw lines between what is safe and unsafe
behavior across work areas for a clear focus on core value i.e. saving
human Life at every cost by everyone as a big brother not big boss....
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
BBS is empowerment to speak
If you hope to permanently put a stop to human, financial and production
losses due to accidents at your work areas,
then you need to essentially empower your manpower to get rid of their
at-risk behaviours through BBS implementation and following it
continuously by involving all…
BBS is a significant contributing tool for corporate safety management
performance.
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
Antecedents Behaviour Consequences
Antecedents
are the safety systems,
policies, procedures
that trigger / activate
behaviours in the
making of an existing
culture.
BBS builds new safety
culture involving all
Behaviour can be safe
or unsafe, and is
influenced both by the
Antecedents &
Consequences .
Negative Consequences
are injuries, fatalities,
near misses.
Recognizing and
Rewarding safe
behaviours are positive
Consequences which
must be soon, sure,
sincere and significant.
Individual Perception of
consequences decides
safe or unsafe behaviour
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
In order to develop sustainability for BBS at site, a set of 12 actions are suggested (Kaila, 2016):
1.Cultural-shift measurement survey from reactive, dependent to independent,
interdependent level
2.Accuracy and quality of behavioural index
3.Management engagement (frequency of monthly steering meetings)
4.Frequency of observations and corrections
5.Continuity of awareness building and strengthening risk-based conversations
6.Awards, recognition and motivation of observers, mentors and departments
7.Comparing injury/accident data before/after BBS launch
8.Linkage of BBS with employee performance management
9.Departmental leadership commitment at HOD level
10.Difference between data and field reality
11.Propaganda/publicity of BBS at site
12.Extensions to road safety, home, personal life corrections, neighborhood industry.
BBS is a solution
• BBS is a permanent solution to developing an assured safety culture
involving all.
• Ignoring unsafe behaviour is directly linked to business loss, as
unsafe behaviour is the root cause of all accidents.
• It’s a change/difference management from cuture1 to culture 2
which involves changing the present antecedents.
• BBS project to sustain requires continuous corporate guidance,
handholding, feedback, mentoring etc (not blaming, fault-finding
ever).
• It’s a reconstruction of value system across the corporate towards
human life safety.
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
BBS – BUILD BUSINESS SAFELY
• BBS means to include everyone to care
for and remove/correct unsafe behaviour
on the spot.
• Unsafe behaviour is recognized as the
root cause for all accidents.
• Behaviour Safety is a statistically
meaningful improvement of the Safety
Performance in the Workplace. BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
11
Research experience indicate that:
• Almost 100% of the accidents are due to unsafe acts
• 40-50% of the unsafe behaviors are noticeable at any plant at any given point of time;
• 25-30% of safety awareness is lacking among employees which gets reflected in their unsafe behaviors;
• Every organization has thousands of unsafe behaviors
• Targeting zero accident does not ensure that your plant is safe.
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
12
BBS is an OHSAS 18001 Compliance
the organization shall establish, implement
and maintain a procedure for:
the participation of workers by their
appropriate involvement in hazard
identification, risk assessments and
determination of controls.
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
13
BBS : BASIC to BROAD SAFETY
Unsafe BehaviorsBehaviors
Near MissesNear Misses
Injuries Injuries
Fatalities Fatalities
BBS Target
Target is zero accident by focusing on ‘zero
unsafe behaviour’ (which is the root cause
of any incident by involving all employees
and contractors' workmen in BBS
approach.
•
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
BBS OUTCOMES BASED ON DATA FROM SEVERALCOMPANIES
• Behavioural trends on an average across companies is 72% of safe behaviours;
at-risk behaviour of 28%% and at-risk behaviours corrected is 2% by each observer.
• The number of safe behaviours has increased from 60% up to 96% within 6
months of launch of BBS.
• The number of observers has also increased every month.
• The number of unsafe conditions and unsafe behaviours has drastically gone
down.
• BBS has been recommended to other locations of the company with an
introduction of BBS in one location.
• The management commitment for safety has gone up due to involvement.
• Safety has become a real line function due to BBS approach.
• The incident reporting is not there from locations where BBS is implemented.
• There is a significant decline in Near miss and injuries.
• There is an increased reporting of unsafe behaviours.
•
• This data has been drawn from many companies locations (where BBS is introduced)
such as Vedanta, L&T, GAIL, HPCL, Pidilite, HCC, IOCL, India Glycols, Paradeep
Phosphates Ltd, Bayer CropScience, Aarti industries, Sarda Energy & Minerals Ltd.
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
The success of BBS programme in an
organization depends upon three factors:
1. Management’s continuous engagement with
BBS progress/activities
2. Frequency of observations by observers
3. Periodical meetings of observers with BBS
steering team
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
1. ROOT CAUSE BEHIND AN ACCIDENT/FATALITY IS AN UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR.
2. UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR CAN BE DONE BY ANYBODY.
3. ANY UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR COULD NOT BE CONSIDERED AS SMALL.
4. ALERT THE PERSON AS AND WHEN HE PERFORMS UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR.
5. DO NOT PASS-BY ANY UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR UNTIL IT GOT CORRECTED.
6. UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR HAPPENS NATURALLY & UNINTENTIONALLY.
7. DO NOT STOP WORK, STOP UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR.
8. PRODUCTION HAMPERED BY FOLLOWING SAFETY, IS A MYTH.
9. UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR & SAFE CONDITION HAVE POSITIVE CO-RELATION.
10. BBS IS NO COMMON SENSE. IT IS BASED ON APPLIED BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE.
11. EVERY YEAR 23L PEOPLE DIE BY WORKPLACE ACCIDENT IN WHOLE WORLD.
12. 70-80% PERSONS TARGETED BY UNSAFE ACT ARE CONTRACT WORKERS.
13. BBS IS AN "OHSAS 18001" COMPLIANCE.
14. BEHAVIOUR IS DEFINABLE, OBSERVABLE, CORRECTABLE, MEASURABLE,
IMPLIMENTABLE.
15. BBS IS AN ART OF SAFE LIVING.
BEHAVIOUR BASED SAFETY – 15 LEARNING POINTS
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
The Steering Team Checklist points
1. Is the observation checklist fine (or needs revision)?
2. Is observation by an observer once a day sufficient?
3. Is monthly Progress in terms of % of safe/at-risk behaviors across plants satisfactory?
4. Are fortnightly or monthly meetings of BBS steering team/ observers going on?
5. Are observers doing BOFP daily?
6. Is data being entered by observers?
7. Is data analysis happening every ten days across plants?
8. Are charts being displayed of BBS progress across plants?
9. Is monthly progress report being received by the Plant / QHSE / HR Heads?
10. Are survey report actions being closed across plants?
11. Are issues of individual observers being addressed?
12. Is follow-up by the external reviewer happening on monthly basis?
13. Is the project getting appropriate propaganda/ advertisement through banners/ posters?
14. Are the observers being recognized/ appreciated?
15. Is the top management’s support/ review/ leadership taking place?
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
(!)
Training for
(2)
Data
coordination
(3)
Organizing Meetings
(4)
Constant BBS
expert
guidance
(5)
Project
advertisement
(6)
Project leadership
All employees BBS Checklist
distribution &
collection
Monthly meetings
between observers
across department for
exchange of
observation & goal-
setting
Monthly
Interaction with
observers
BBS Banners,
posters
Monitoring, mentoring, motivating
observers by all HODs
All contract
workforce
Analysis of data Fortnightly meeting of
BBS Steering team to
discuss behavioral
trends
Monthly
Interaction with
Steering team
Stickers for
observers
Monthly Plant rounds by line
manager, and attending steering
team meetings
BBS Observers
& Internal
trainers
Display of
graph for
behavioral
trends across
plant
Monthly meeting of
BBS apex team
Overall project
direction
Reward for observer
of the month
Closing unsafe conditions/
providing resources
BBS Project organization/management has 6 main aspects to consider:
Risk based Conversation between an observer and observee is most important
means how an observer conveys the risk through these eight P behaviours
1. Prikarma: take an observation round of your unit/plant.
2. Prashan: put a question to an observee whether he is safe.
3. Prashansa: praise for his safe behaviours to reinforce.
4. Privartan: convert his unsafe behaviours to safe.
5. Prashiksan: educate/ re-train him for his unsafe behaviours.
6. Pratigya: take an oath from that he will not repeat unsafe
behaviours.
7. Parchar: ask an observee to observe another co-worker.
8. Prathna: repeatedly request for safe behaviour.
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
23
BBS CHECKLIST
BEHAVIOUR CATEGORIES SAFE At-risk Corrections
• PPE
• Housekeeping
• Using tools
• Body positioning
• Material handling
• Communication
• Following procedures
• Visual focusing
• Using mobile at work
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
24
BBS implementation & Steering team
• An awareness on BBS for management staff at all levels.
• Develop Implementation Roadmap/ Action Plan
• Develop BBS Lead Trainers
• Awareness training of employees across the plant;
• Select (20%) BBS observers from trained employees;
• Form BBS steering team of 8-10 people.
• One day in-plant practical training of BBS observers and steering team
members
• At this stage BBS observers and steering team members ready to
implement BBS at workplace.
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
The Best observers of the month can be more than one, from more
categories like employees, contract workmen, security personnel etc.
award criteria:
1. He, she would have maximum observations in that month;
2. Maximum number of Corrections of at-risk behaviors
3. Observations in maximum behavior categories out of 9 in the BBS checklist
4. Maximum number of days of observations in a month.
5. Maximum number of barriers, unsafe conditions observed and corrected.
6. Maximum number of observees corrected or observation cards filled-in and
data entered into the system.
These are some criteria, you may add or choose depending upon the BBS
project maturity.
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
26
Questions asked by management before BBS launch
– How to select observers?
– Are there any implementation problems?
– who should form a steering committee?
– Is separate training necessary for observers?
–
– Is training required for steering committee?
– Who should be an observer?
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
27
BBS LEADS TO REDUCTION IN UNSAFE BEHAVIOURS
AND THUS A FALL IN ACCIDENTS
Cost per unsafe behaviour
• Number of injuries last year x tentative cost per injury /
Number of unsafe behaviours observed. =112 x Rs 8,482 /
10,200 = Rs. 93 per unsafe behaviours.
• The cost of unsafe behaviours is huge which differs from
organization to organization depending upon the number
of injuries last year, tentative cost per injury, and the
number of unsafe behaviours observed.
• total cost of unsafe behaviours per day: Rs. 9, 48, 600.
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
I Chose to Look the Other Way
• I could have saved a life that day,
But I chose to look the other way.
It wasn't that I didn't care,
I had the time, and I was there.
• But I didn't want to seem a fool,
Or argue over a safety rule.
I knew he'd done the job before,
If I spoke up, he might get sore.
• The chances didn't seem that bad,
I'd done the same, He knew I had.
So I shook my head and walked on by,
He knew the risks as well as I.
• He took the chance, I closed an eye,
And with that act, I let him die.
I could have saved a life that day,
But I chose to look the other way.
• Now every time I see his wife,
I'll know, I should have saved his life.
That guilt is something I must bear,
But it isn't something you need share.
• If you see a risk that others take,
That puts their health or life at stake.
The question asked, or thing you say,
Could help them live another day.
• If you see a risk and walk away,
Then hope you never have to say,
I could have saved a life that day,
But I chose, to look the other way.
• Don Merrell
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
Inauguration
• Ceremonial launch of BBS programme by Top/
Senior Management;
• Announcing BBS project on company portal as
corporate initiative; and
• An official written announcement of BBS project to
all locations
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
BBS Project Coordinator
• Nomination of a dedicated BBS Project
Coordinator for each location
• Conducting one-day BBS training for
Top Management team, Apex BBS
Implementation and Steering Teams.
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
Steering BBS Team for each location
• Formation of Steering BBS Team for
each location
• Ensuring strong leadership drive by all
OICs/HODs for BBS project activities
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
Linking BBS with performance objectives
• Linking BBS observation as part of
PMS/KRA
• Conducting BBS Survey on SUSA
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
BBS practical awareness
• One-day BBS practical awareness training as BBS
observers for each location,
• Issuing BBS sticker to be put on the helmet as an
identity;
• Issuing Training Attendance Certificate to all
participants as motivation factor
• Participants Evaluation of BBS Training
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
BBS implementation
• Developing BBS Lead Trainers and bimonthly
project guidance at each location
• Displaying BBS banners/posters at each location for
Advertisement
• IT enabling BBS Observation checklist
• Developing BBS training as an e-module
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
BBS Monthly Review
• BBS Monthly Review by Steering Teams by each
location and Compliance with its proceedings
• Corporate Apex Implementation Team Review on
BBS monthly progress
• Including BBS awareness training in contractors /
Vendors T&C
• Rewarding best BBS observers based on maximum
observation.
• Celebration of BBS annual day
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
Visible Outcomes
• Comparing injury data every 6 months before/after launch date of BBS
and observable decline in unsafe behaviours/ conditions
• From BBS data it is clear that safe behaviors increased from 65%
(Base level) to 99.78% average. There is an increase of 35% during 12
months BBS Implementation period.
• There is no incident at site since BBS launch.
• Organizations that fail to take a scientific approach to safety’s human-
behavior element are gambling with their futures and are ultimately
only safe by accidents.
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
BBS Recommendations
• Safety Statistics board should also reflect the percentage
of SUSA.
• Safety Motivation / recognition need to be introduced in
the plant.
• BBS Observations to be linked to performance objective.
• HSE Index should include the monthly % of Unsafe/at-
risk behaviour which is the “root cause” of any incident in
the plant.
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
• Safety is a strategic function of the Organisation & It
should be an integral part of every business decision
making process & it must be reflected in actions by
Management.
• Safety starts from the Board of Directors.
(As per The Factories Act, the Occupier of the
Organisation is responsible for the Safety &
Health of the people.)
• Occupier has to wear the cap of Safety Officer
Fundamentals to establish Safety Culture in an Organisation
• Safety is a line management’s responsibility.
• Safety should be a condition of employment and
careers advancement.
• Safety professionals act as an advisor / facilitator
to the management.
• Safety Head must report to Occupier (This is also
as per the requirement of the law)
Fundamentals to establish Safety Culture in an Organisation
• Safety mostly depends on operating discipline.
• Safety can be ensured through competent
supervision.
BBS can be successful only after compliance of
Process Safety Management (PSM) and strong
management commitment.
Fundamentals to establish Safety Culture in an Organisation
Introduction:
Behavior Based Safety is a topic that has been around for a long time.
People behave unsafe because it saves their time and effort (taking short cuts or not using PPE).
Over time, BBS became the catch phrase of the safety systems industry.
Safety culture transformation through Behavior Based Safety started in GAIL in November, 2013.
BBS implementation is aimed at increasing safe behaviors at work places to 100% and reducing risk
behaviors to 0% thereby achieving safety excellence.
While initiating BBS is a challenges, sustaining behavior based safety is even a bigger challenge.
Understanding this challenge, Corporate HSE Department has developed web based BBS
Centralized portal to facilitate the observation feedback process and smooth implementation of BBS
across GAIL locations.
Centralized BBS portal in GAIL intranet lunched in December, 2014.
Through BBS implementation employees are empowered to observe safe & unsafe behaviors, correct
at risk behaviors and even stop the work if any serious hazard / risk in involved.
BBS is a qualitative approach towards industrial safety which brings quality change among employees’
attitude towards safety. It creates an army of safety implementers in the organization.
SAFETY IS A CORE VALUE; NON NEGOTIABLE
Un-Safe Behaviors / Acts / Conditions
Un-Safe Behaviors / Acts / Conditions Contd…
BBS – BUILD BUSINESS SAFELY
• BBS means to include everyone to care for and remove/correct unsafe behavior on the spot.
• Unsafe behavior is recognized as the root cause for all accidents.
• BBS is an OHSAS 18001 Compliance
– the organization shall establish, implement and maintain a procedure for: the participation of workers by their
appropriate involvement in hazard identification, risk assessments and determination of controls.
• Research experience indicate that:
– Almost 100% of the accidents are due to unsafe acts
– 40-50% of the unsafe behaviors are noticeable at any plant at any given point of time;
– 25-30% of safety awareness is lacking among employees which gets reflected in their unsafe behaviors;
– Every organization has thousands of unsafe behaviors.
– Unsafe behaviors are at the core of any near misses, injury, accidents. If we control unsafe behaviors, we may not even have near misses.
– Targeting zero accident does not ensure that your plant is safe.
• So we need to focus our efforts on unsafe and safe behaviors in safety. BBS secret of success is that the safety control is in
hands of each employee, they feel empowered and responsible.
BEHAVIOUR BASED SAFETY (BBS) IN ORGANIZATIONS
Organizations that fail to take a scientific approach to safety's human-
behavior element are gambling with their futures and are ultimately only
safe by accidents. Behavior Safety is a statistically meaningful
improvement of the Safety Performance in the Workplace. Behavioral
safety is a medicine to provide safe workplace to its employees. It's new
generation safety culture. BBS is insurance towards safety. The first
beneficiary is the safety department which gets so many BBS trained
observers by implementing BBS across the plants in the organization.
BBS is one of the best and latest safety approaches. BBS is process of
repeatedly going to an employee and making random observations till he
reaches safe behaviors and learns the concept of self-observation and
observing others for safe performance. Nine aspects that behavioral safety
takes care of in order to prevent unsafe behaviors and promote safe
behaviors are:
BEHAVIOUR CATEGORIES No. of Safe
Behaviors
No. of At-Risk
Behaviors
No. of corrections of
At-Risk Behaviours
PPE
Using PPE e.g. eye glasses, hearing protection, gloves, hard hat…
Housekeeping
Work area maintained appropriately, e.g. trash and scrap picked up, no
spills, walkways unobstructed, materials and tools organized…
Using tools and equipment
Using correct tools for the job, using tools properly, and tool in good
condition…
Body positioning / protecting
Positioning / protecting body parts, e.g. avoiding line of fire, avoiding pinch
points…
Material handling
e.g. body mechanics while lifting, pushing and pulling, use of assist
devices…
Communication
Verbal and non-verbal interactions that affects safety…
Following procedures
e.g. obtaining, complying with permits, following SOPs, lockout, tag-out
procedures…
Visual focusing (attentiveness)
Using mobile while working
Total =
OBSERVERS CHECKLIST OF BEHAVIOURS TO GUIDE OBSERVATION
TOUR
With the help of a checklist, BBS trained observers create data on the above nine critical
behaviors to guide their observations. Each observer observes at least one of his co-workers
daily. This way safety becomes a daily reminder which in essence builds safety culture. We can
almost daily check an increase or decrease in unsafe and safe behaviors by creating this data
base.
BBS emphasizes that employees need to take an ownership of their safe as well as unsafe
behaviors. If they behave unsafe, they are not punished, instead they are repeatedly told to
correct; and when they behave safe, they are encouraged. Both unsafe and safe behaviors are
counted and displayed. BBS also discusses the unsafe conditions that influence unsafe
behaviors.
BBS is a data driven decision-making process. BBS believes that what gets measured gets
done and each employee can make a difference in organizational safety. Employees are the
basic source of expertise of behavioral change (observe and correct). BBS begins by briefing
sessions for all work areas and depts. BBS is a teamwork; it is company wide, and people
driven. BBS purpose is not to enforce safety rules, force change, gossip about others, reporting
to boss. Its purpose is to identify safe and at-risk behaviors, identify possibility for injury,
communicating the risk, and helping to identify safer solutions. An implementation team or BBS
steering committee monitors its progress. Essentially BBS is not a management driven tool for
safety. It's an employee driven approach with management support.
BEHAVIOUR BASED SAFETY (BBS) IN ORGANIZATIONS CONTD...
BBS : BASIC to BROAD SAFETY
Unsafe BehaviorsBehaviors
Near MissesNear Misses
Injuries Injuries
Fatalities Fatalities
1. Actively caring of unsafe and safe behaviors leads to improved safety behavior.
2. Listening, praising, group problem solving, and celebrating safety achievements can increase actively caring behaviors.
3. Attitude and behavior link is weak. What we teach does not necessarily get converted into behavior.
4. Attitude is internal, refers to thinking and realization; whereas behavior is external, observable, and an active
experience.
5. BBS addresses individual and social dynamics for safety.
6. BBS does not substitute or replace process evaluation, incident analysis, or environmental solutions. When at-risk
behaviors are identified, the comments are made on the environmental factors that reduce or prevent such behaviors.
7. BBS effects can be seen by measuring safety climate or awareness before and after its implementation for
understanding change in safety performance.
8. BBS follows DO-IT: define, observe, intervene and test.
9. BBS has shown positive results in terms of safe behavior and reduction in accidents rates across industries and
countries.
10.BBS increases safe behaviors and reduces injuries, illnesses and related financial costs.
11.BBS involves a process of observation and feedback, a system of collecting, analyzing and dissemination of data, and
a proactive approach of management support.
12.BBS is “safety for each other”.
13.BBS is a continuous process till you intend to prevent unsafe behaviors at workplace.
14.BBS is a peer-to-peer learning of safe behaviors.
15.BBS is a process of determining progress in reduction of unsafe behaviors.
16.BBS is not magic. It's a gradual process.
17.BBS is not punishment or disciplinary action or focusing on incident rate, or personal prejudice, or top-down
implementation. It's a praise, encouragement and reinforcement of safe behaviors.
18.BBS is not a top-driven but bottom-up approach.
19.BBS is one of the best and latest safety approaches that will help you increase safe behaviors and decrease unsafe
behaviors in your organization if applied with full commitment of everybody.
20.BBS is to ultimately develop concern for each other's safety at the workplace and developing empathy for each other.
21.BBS is by the people, of the people and for the people. It is based on the established principles of behavior theory in
Psychology.
BBS Concepts
1. BBS is process of repeatedly going to an employee and making random observations till he reaches safe behaviors
and learns the concept of self-observation and observing others for safe performance.
2. BBS trained observers monitor safety behaviors on regular basis.
3. Behavior change precedes attitude change. We experience behavior change, and then re-adjust our attitude.
4. BBS is BOFP i.e. Behavior Observation and Feedback Process.
5. Behavioral change brings “attitudinal change”, not necessarily vice-versa, so focus on behavior observation and
feedback process.
6. Critical behaviors can be listed in checklist based on previous accident and injury records and also by brainstorming.
7. Different observers will notice different safe and unsafe behaviors, which is why employees need to observe each
other.
8. Establish observation routines and continuously improve safety process.
9. Feedback can be on-the-spot and graphical feedback . Feedback is an interaction based on genuine concern; let us
not doubt our own attitude in giving and receiving feedback, it provides insight into our own behaviors.
10.Feedback is to be given one on one, immediate, specific behavior to be reinforced, appreciate safe behavior to set
example.
11.Observer-observee relationship is a win-win process in which both develop.
12.In Hindi language, BBS is all about dekho (observe) and bolo (converse) with sensitivity and concern.
13.Individual name of an employee is not recorded in the BBS checklist.
14.Observational comments: wrong tool used, instead say which tool needs to be used and why.
15.Observe both safe and at-risk behaviors and use detailed comments for problem solving, follow up etc.
16.Observers provide immediate feedback for correction of behaviors.
Observation and Feedback process
BBS implementation
1. BBS is by the people, of the people and for the people. It is based on the established principles of behavior
theory in Psychology.
2. BBS Implementation problems include lack of work force buy-in; unsafe behaviors not defined with precision;
accident records / near miss injuries not analyzed properly for targeting accident causing behaviors.
3. Remember that there is no best approach. BBS can be customized.
4. BBS secret of success is that the safety control is in hands of each employee, they feel empowered and
responsible.
5. Implementation team / steering committee routinely monitor the progress of BBS.
6. In the long run, BBS is cost effective as it reduces accidents, which actually cost huge.
7. Initially BBS can be implemented in one or two departments and then introduce to other departments.
8. It requires a steering committee comprising of a senior manager, a front line manager and about ten of BBS
trained safety observers.
9. It's an employee movement on behavioral safety with support and commitment of management.
10.People are asked to volunteer to either become observers or be a part of steering team. These people carry
out responsibilities / duties.
11.Researches indicate that BBS has reduced 40-75% accident rates within six to one year of its implementation.
BBS OUTCOMES BASED ON DATA FROM EIGHT
COMPANIES
• Behavioural trends on an average across companies is 72% of safe behaviours;
at-risk behaviour of 28%% and at-risk behaviours corrected is 2% by each observer.
• The number of safe behaviours has increased from 60% up to 96% within 6
months of launch of BBS.
• The number of observers has also increased every month.
• The number of unsafe conditions and unsafe behaviours has drastically gone
down.
• BBS has been recommended to other locations of the company with an
introduction of BBS in one location.
• The management commitment for safety has gone up due to involvement.
• Safety has become a real line function due to BBS approach.
• The incident reporting is not there from locations where BBS is implemented.
• There is a significant decline in Near miss and injuries.
• There is an increased reporting of unsafe behaviours.
•
• This data has been drawn from many companies (where BBS is introduced for the
last 5 years) such as Vedanta, L&T, IOCL locations, India Glycols, Paradeep
Phosphates Ltd, Bayer CropScience, Aarti industries, Sarda Energy & Minerals Ltd.
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
Some names for BBS Project:
1. Behavioral safety project (BSP)
2. Best safety project(BSP)
3. Brother to brother safety(BBS)
4. Peer to peer safety(PPS)
5. Bhai Bandu Surksha (BBS)
6. Best Surksha Marg(BSM)
7. Dekho bolo surksha(DBS Project)
8. Unsafe to safe project(USP)
9. “safety for each other” Project
10. Near-miss to never-miss project
1. ROOT CAUSE BEHIND AN ACCIDENT/FATALITY IS AN UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR.
2. UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR CAN BE DONE BY ANYBODY.
3. ANY UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR COULD NOT BE CONSIDERED AS SMALL.
4. ALERT THE PERSON AS AND WHEN HE PERFORMS UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR.
5. DO NOT PASS-BY ANY UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR UNTIL IT GOT CORRECTED.
6. UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR HAPPENS NATURALLY & UNINTENTIONALLY.
7. DO NOT STOP WORK, STOP UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR.
8. PRODUCTION HAMPERED BY FOLLOWING SAFETY, IS A MYTH.
9. UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR & SAFE CONDITION HAVE POSITIVE CO-RELATION.
10.BBS IS NO COMMON SENSE. IT IS BASED ON APPLIED BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE.
11.EVERY YEAR 23L PEOPLE DIE BY WORKPLACE ACCIDENT IN WHOLE WORLD.
12.70-80% PERSONS TARGETED BY UNSAFE ACT ARE CONTRACT WORKERS.
13.BBS IS AN "OHSAS 18001" COMPLIANCE.
14.BEHAVIOUR IS DEFINABLE, OBSERVABLE, CORRECTABLE, MEASURABLE, IMPLIMENTABLE.
15.BBS IS AN ART OF SAFE LIVING.
BEHAVIOUR BASED SAFETY – 15 LEARNING POINTS
BBS Banners
BBS is
Brother-to-
Brother
Safety.
व्यावहारिक सुिक्षा
का नािा,
भाई बंधु की सुिक्षा उ
दे्दश्य हमािा I
One man’s
care is
another man’s
Safety.
असुिक्षक्षत व्यवहाि
अस्वीकाि,
सुिक्षक्षत व्यवहाि बाि
बाि I
PLEDGE
Our target is zero accident by focusing on
‘zero unsafe behaviour’ (which is the root
cause of any incident by involving all
employees and contractors' workmen in
BBS approach.
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
BBS India, 0091-
9322006518
References
Kaila, H.L. (2009). Behaviour-Based Safety Management: Case Studies across
Industries in India. The Indian Journal of Social work, 70 (3), 489-501.
Kaila HL. (2010), Behavior-based Safety Programs Improve Worker Safety in India.
Ergonomics in Design. Vol. 18 (4), Fall, 17-22. CA, USA.
Kaila HL. (2012). Behaviour based safety in organizations, Prasad Psychological
Corporation. New Delhi, Available at: tel. 098107 82203. [email protected]
Kaila HL (2013). Review of BBS Implementation in Indian Organizations.
World Focus, International Practice Specialty's technical publication, Vol. 13 (1), 1, 10-
16.
Kaila, H.L. (2013a). Is industry really poised for zero accidents? World Focus, 13 (2),
14-19.
Kaila, H.L. (2014). Are we really prepared for zero accident at work? Business Manager,
16 (9), 15-20.
Kaila, H.L. (2014a). A case of Behaviour Based Safety implementation at a
multinational organization. Journal of organization and human behaviour, vol. 3, issue 2
& 3, 1-8.
Kaila, H.L. (2014b). Implementing behaviour based safety: issues and challenges.
International Journal of Management Research, vol. 5(1&2), 39-48.
Kaila, H.L. (2014c). Emerging issues and outcomes of Behaviour Based Safety
implementation. Industrial Safety Review, June Issue, 80-86.
Pray for health & safety of everyone
BBS India, 0091-9322006518 69
Thanks
Pray for health & safety of everyone
Regards
Prof. Harbans Lal Kaila
BBS Project Director
Mumbai email: [email protected] , tel. 9322006518