a visual guide to understanding lupus.doc

8/22/2019 A Visual Guide to Understanding Lupus.doc

1/17

A Visual Guide to Understanding Lupus

What Is Lupus?

Lupus is a lifelong disorder of the immune system. Immune cells attack the

body's own healthy tissues, leading to inflammation and tissue damage.

Symptoms may be limited to the skin, but more often lupus also causes

internal problems such as joint pain. In severe cases, it can damage the heart,

kidneys, and other vital organs. Although there's no cure, there are

treatments that can minimize the damage.

1


2/17

Lupus Symptom: Joint Pain

Joint and muscle pain is often the first sign of lupus. This pain tends to occur

on both sides of the body at the same time, particularly in the joints of the

wrists, hands, fingers, and knees. The joints may look inflamed and feel

warm to the touch. But unlike rheumatoid arthritis, lupus usually does not

cause permanent joint damage.

Lupus Symptom: Butterfly Rash

2


3/17

A tell-tale sign of lupus is a butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and

bridge of the nose. Other common skin problems include sensitivity to the

sun with flaky, red spots or a scaly, purple rash on various parts of the body,

including the face, neck, and arms. Some people also develop mouth sores.

Lupus Symptom: Nail Changes

Lupus can cause the nails to crack or fall off. They may be discolored with

blue or reddish spots at the base. These spots are actually in the nail bed, the

result of inflamed small blood vessels. Swelling may also make the skinaround the base of the nail look red and puffy.

3


4/17

Lupus Symptoms: Fever and Fatigue

Most people with lupus experience some degree of fatigue. In many cases, it

is severe enough to interfere with exercise and other daily activities. Most

patients also run a low-grade fever from time to time. This unexplained fever

may be the only warning sign in some people.

Lupus Symptom: Light Sensitivity

Many people with lupus are unusually sensitive to the sun and other forms

of ultraviolet light. A day at the beach may trigger a skin rash in areas

4


5/17

exposed to sunlight and may worsen other lupus symptoms. Certain

medications can make people with lupus even more sensitive to UV light.

Lupus Symptom: Hair Loss

The symptoms of lupus tend to come and go, and this includes hair loss.

Patients may go through periods where their hair falls out in patches or

becomes thinner all across the scalp. Once the flare-up is over, new hair is

likely to grow back.

5


6/17

Lupus Symptom: Raynaud's

Some people with lupus develop a condition called Raynaud's phenomenon.

Their fingers and toes become painful, numb, and tingly in response to cold

temperatures or emotional stress. This happens when small blood vessels

spasm and restrict blood flow to the area. During an attack, the fingers and

toes may turn white or blue. People can also have Raynaud's without having

lupus or any serious health complications.

Lupus or Something Else?

6


7/17

When lupus begins, it can look a lot like rheumatoid arthritis, which causes

joint pain and swelling, or fibromyalgia, which causes fatigue and pain. One

aspect that sets lupus apart is the combination of skin rashes with joint pain

and fatigue. There are also lab tests that can help distinguish lupus from

other diseases.

Diagnosing Lupus

Diagnosing lupus can be tricky. The disease can mimic other conditions, and

it often takes a different course in different people. Many people have it foryears before developing tell-tale symptoms. Although there is no one test for

lupus, certain proteins usually show up in a patient's blood. A blood test for

antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) can provide a critical clue. Other lab tests

may check cell counts, kidney function, and clotting time. A tissue biopsy of

an involved organ such as the skin or kidneys sometimes helps with

diagnosis.

7


8/17

Who Gets Lupus?

Anyone can get lupus. But it affects women 10 times more often than men.

Aside from being female, your odds of getting the disease are higher if you

are:

African-American, Latino, or Asian

Between the ages of 20 and 40

Related to someone with lupus

Types of Lupus

8


9/17

When people say "lupus," they usually mean systemic lupus erythematosus

(SLE), the most common and serious type. But there are other types.

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus -- also called discoid lupus -- is limited to

the skin and doesn't cause the organ damage that sometimes occurs with

SLE. The most common symptom is a circular rash. Drug-induced systemic

lupus causes temporary lupus symptoms in people who take certain

medications.

Medical Treatments for LupusThere are ways to control the symptoms of lupus. These include

corticosteroid creams for rashes and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

(NSAIDs) for joint pain and fever. Antimalarial medications can help fight

joint pain, ulcers, and rashes. Corticosteroids may also be given as pills. In

severe cases, they can be given intravenously. People with severe lupus may

benefit from drugs that suppress the immune system.

9


10/17

Self-Care for Lupus

Making some changes to your routine can also help reduce lupus flare-ups:

Cover up when you're in the sun.

Don't smoke.

Exercise regularly.

Improve your stress management skills.

Also be sure to get plenty of rest. Some people with lupus need up to 12

hours of sleep a night.

10


11/17

Lupus and Kidney Problems

As lupus progresses, it can interfere with the body's organs. Up to three out

of four people with lupus can develop kidney problems. These problems

may not cause symptoms, though some people notice swelling in their legs

or ankles. Most patients only learn about their kidney trouble when a urine

test reveals blood or abnormal protein levels.

Lupus and Heart Problems

The most common heart problem linked to lupus is an inflammation of thesac around the heart. This may cause severe pain in the left side of the chest.

People with lupus are also more likely to develop plaques that narrow or

clog the arteries. This can lead to coronary artery disease. Other

complications include heart valve disease and inflammation of the heart

muscle. Call 911 immediately for chest pain, rather than trying figure out the

cause yourself.

11


12/17

Lupus and Lung Problems

The tissue surrounding the lungs becomes inflamed in about a third of

people with lupus. This may lead to painful breathing, or chest pain, or it

may not cause any symptoms at all. Sometimes lupus causes chest pain that

is not related to the lungs or the heart. Instead, the pain comes from an

inflamed chest muscle or rib joint. Any chest pain should be promptly

evaluated by a doctor.

Lupus and Digestive Problems

12


13/17

Digestive problems are not common with lupus, but some people may

experience belly pain, nausea, vomiting, difficulty swallowing, or

inflammation of the liver or pancreas. This can be related to lupus itself or

medications used to treat the disease. Some people tend to lose weight

during lupus flare-ups.

Lupus and Anemia

Lupus and the medications used to treat it can contribute to anemia in some

patients. This means the body has too few red blood cells, because it is notmaking enough, or red blood cells are being destroyed more quickly than

they can be replaced. Symptoms include fatigue and shortness of breath.

13


14/17

Lupus and the Nervous System

Lupus can trigger a wide range of problems with the nervous system, most

commonly headaches. Mild memory problems are a less common complaint

that may come and go over time. Some people with lupus have a greater risk

for a stroke, and in rare cases, the disease can lead to seizures.

Lupus and Mental Health

Depression and anxiety are a risk for people with lupus. This may be the

result of the condition's affect on the nervous system combined with the

14


15/17

emotional strain of coping with a chronic illness. Be sure to discuss any

concerns about your mood with your doctor or other health care provider.

There are highly effective treatments for depression and anxiety.

Lupus and Pregnancy

Most women with lupus can get pregnant, though the condition increases the

risk of complications during pregnancy. Because lupus symptoms come and

go, the best time to get pregnant is when symptoms are at a minimum.

Women who conceive when symptoms are in remission are less likely tohave complications. Make sure your obstetrician knows you have lupus.

Your medications may be modified and you may undergo extra monitoring

to ensure a successful pregnancy.

15


16/17

Neonatal Lupus

Most babies born to women with lupus are entirely healthy. But in rare

cases, the newborn of a mom with lupus may have neonatal lupus. This

condition can cause a skin rash, anemia, or liver problems. The symptoms

usually go away after a few months and don't cause permanent damage.

However, some babies with neonatal lupus can be born with a serious heart

problem.

Living with Lupus

16


17/17

The fatigue and joint pain associated with lupus can make it more difficult to

do your job or care for your children. You may have to cut back on activities

or ask for help when symptoms flare up. But most people with lupus are able

to continue with their usual activities.

Outlook for Lupus

Thanks to improvements in treatments for lupus, people with the condition

are living significantly longer. The outlook for any given individual depends

on how severe the disease is, and whether any vital organs are affected. Butmost people with lupus can expect to live a normal or nearly normal life

span.

17

a visual guide to understanding lupus.doc

Documents