a wireless internet 101

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Wireless Internet IBU

logica

Contents Confidential & Proprietary to Logica © 2001

A Wireless Internet 101

Presented at CommunicAsia 20th June 2001

Immo HünekeTechnical Architect, Wireless

Internet

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20 June 2001A Wireless Internet 101

What is the Internet?

The Web and more… Personal Communication

(e-mail, instant messaging…)

Source of Information Provider of Entertainment Personal Soapbox Medium for Advertising

and Promotions A Place to do Business

Standards Based Seamless Global

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Is the wireless Internet a hoax?

Why WAP didn’t overwhelm the worldSlow to connect (via GSM Circuit-Switched

Data – CSD)Slow to load pagesLimited display capabilitiesNo sound or colourLack of standardisation leading to many

unusable sitesLock-in by operators (“walled gardens”)

Nevertheless, useful services exist…just as long as you don’t expect them to

resemble the wired Web surfing experience!

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Wireless Internet USP

The Unique Selling Propositions of the wireless InternetUbiquityImmediacyLocation sensitivityPersonalisationOne-on-one medium

Mobile device is virtually an extension of the individual

Ideal for highly targeted marketing and mobile commerce

So – how is it going to be done?

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Wireless Internet Architecture

Networks

Bearer Services

Protocols

Content Representations

Applications / Services

Hand-sets

Personal

Digital

Assist-ants

(PDAs)

Note-books and

Laptops

Handset

WML Browser

Java

Misc plug-

ins

HTTP

TCP/IPGPR

S CSD

Mobile Networ

k

The Intern

et

WAP

HTML/XHTML/

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Some Unwired Networks

Public Wireless Data Networks Packet Radio – BellSouth Mobile Data, RAM Mobile Data ... Paging – many and various

Public Mobile Telephone Networks GSM-900, GSM-1800, GSM-1900, GSM-800 CDMA – IS-95 TDMA – IS-41, IS-136 Satellite – GlobalStar, Iridium, ECO… 3G systems – IMT-2000, UMTS, W-CDMA, Wideband IS-95

Emergency Services & Military – Tetra, Spread Spectrum ...

Computing Device Networks Wireless LAN – 802.11, HiperLAN, AirPort ... Bluetooth 1.1 and later Hot Sync Cradle

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Bearer Services

Data over voice circuitsCircuit Switched Data (CSD)High-Speed CSD (HSCSD) IS-135

Data over signalling networksUnstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD)Short Message Service (SMS)

Data over packet-switched data networksCellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) i-mode packet datagramGeneral Packet Radio Service (GPRS)Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE)3G Data bearer service – “ALL-IP”

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Protocols

Application Layer Text messaging OTAP etc. SMTP RMI WAP HTTP Streaming – Packet Video etc.

Transport Layer SMS X.25 TCP UDP

Link / Network Layers IP Packet Datagram Protocol (PDP) Coming soon: Mobile IP / IPv6

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Content Representations

Web and e-mail Plain Text HTML MIME

Micro device markup languages HDML cHTML WML

Image, audio and multi-media Multimedia SMS extensions WBMP, GIF, JPEG, PNG MP3, Flash RealMedia ...

Mobile code – Java .class, .jar ... Non-representational formats

SQL XML MDML

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Applications / Services

Communicatione-mail Instant messaging, multimedia messaging

Information – including personalised, localisedNews, sport, weather, transport and travel, “where is the

nearest” Entertainment

Betting and Gaming, multi-player games, music, characters Shopping

Online banking, stock portfolioTaxi booking, ordering pizza, flowers direct, travel / event

tickets Extension of the Enterprise into the mobile space

Verticals (loads of them) e.g. estate agency Imagination is the limit!

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Types of mobile data device

o Laptop PCo Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)o Mobile Phoneo Pagero Wearableo Dedicated (e.g. vehicle tracker)

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Challenges

o Special challenges that have to be overcome to deliver the wireless USP:o Issues for Consumerso Issues for Corporateso Issues for Service Providerso Issues for Content Providerso Issues for Network Providerso Issues for Regulators (not considered further

here)

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Issues for Consumers and Corporates

o Cost and usefulness of serviceo Convenienceo Handset usability, battery lifeo Ease of useo Reliability, coverageo Quality of serviceo Security!o Convenient billing and paymento Lifestyle

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Issues for Service Providers and Network

Operatorso Business modelso Payment optionso Usage meteringo How to maximise ARPUo Service levelso Managing service evolutiono Disintermediation and re-

intermediation: the provider tangleo How can we trust each other

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Technology Changes Business Rules

The need to use tariff models to deter wasteful usage

Huge telco profits lead to impoverished users, particularly among the under-25 age group, which leads to political regulation

Telcos find it hard to profit from packet transport, so moving to charging for content, services, and mobile commerce

Carving out a niche in micro-payment banking services (consumers need banking services, but not necessarily banks)

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Key messages

Things to bear in mind during the remaining presentations:o Keep it realo Maximise return on investmento Concentrate on end-to-end solutions

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A Wireless Internet 101

It’s All About End-to-End Solutions...

Terminals

Service Providers

Content Providers

Personal AreaNetwork Access Network Core Network Hosting Centre

•Wireline•Static Wireless•Mobile Wireless•In-Home

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Mobile Applications Framework - Reference Architecture

BaselineApplications & Services(Service Layer)

Communication Information Entertainment ShoppingWAP Gateway & mobile portalWAP Gateway & mobile portalAccess Layer

GPRS / mobileNetwork

Internet

GGSNSGSNIntranet

Partner Partner Accounting &Accounting &SettlementsSettlementsBusiness Layer

Pre-payPre-pay

BusinessFramework(Services Fulfilment Layer)

GPRS MediationGPRS Mediation

FinancialTransactions

ContentEvents

Datausage

GPRS & IP GPRS & IP BillingBillingSystemSystem

Secure financialSecure financial serverserver

Pro

visi

on

ing

, M

an

ag

em

en

t,

Pro

visi

on

ing

, M

an

ag

em

en

t,

Secu

rity

...

Secu

rity

...

Pre-pay Top-up

TicketsPhone book Mobile ATM

Sports Results

Local Events

GamblingE-mail Messaging

Greeting Cards

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Access Layer

Fulfilment & Business LayersFulfilment & Business Layers

Applications & Service Layer

Access LayerAccess Layer

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The Personalised Portal

Intranet Intranet

AccessAccess

Applications Applications

IntegrationIntegration

CorporateCorporate

ServicesServices

The CorporatesThe Corporates

SMSVoiceMail

FaxEmail Text to Speech

Unified MessagingUnified Messaging

Supplied as if within the Operator’s network

Games,Games,

multiplayermultiplayer

gamesgames

Location-Location-

specific specific

services services

ProfiledProfiled

news, shares news, shares

e-commercee-commerce

The ConsumersThe Consumers

Self-Self-

provisioningprovisioning

““WirelessWireless

Internet” Internet”

AccessAccess

ServiceService

enquiriesenquiries

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Applications and Service Layer




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WAP, GPRS and alternatives

GSM provides PPP over CSD – pick your own ISP!

Packet Datagram Protocol (PDP) on air-side IP protocols, SMS and X.25 “tunnel” through

GPRS backbone network (which is itself IP based)

WAP is an application-level protocol like HTTP: it can be used over GSM data calls, GPRS, UMTS…

But other protocols may be more appropriate, particularly at higher bit rates (GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, wCDMA) – BlueKite, i-mode...

Ubiquitous availability of SMS and USSD may make these more attractive than WAP (WAP layered on these protocols is defined but not implemented)

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Requirements for Application Development & Deployment

“An extensible, unified, implementation infrastructure for

Wireless Internet application development and deployment”

Goals: Support Rapid Application Development

Prototype, trial, deploy, customise Content must be easy to publish

Tailored for the wireless environmentExtensible content format though XML

Delivery channel independenceEasy to add new target devices such as iMode and Interactive

TVApplications should be able to exploit device capabilities

Scalable, Portable, Managed

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Application Overview

application

Web interface (HTTP)

Technology Adapter

(TA)

network

Technology-specific interface

GET/POSTrequest Response

(XML data)

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Technology Adapter (TA)

Handles interactions with mobile devices

Acts as a HTTP User Agent (UA)Generates requests to applicationsConverts XML responses into

technology-specific formatsManages sessions and mobile

identity

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Micro-device Markup Language (MDML)

Defines XML formats for mobile content Contains XML elements for

Text, lists, menus, formsKeypad supportGraphics and soundBilling, advertising and transactionsEmbedded XML – WML, XHTML...

Designed to provide content only, must be re-formatted or transcoded before presentation to user.

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Simple m-World Application

SMS

WAP

Web Server

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m-World Application with Dynamic Content

SMS

WAP

Application Server

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More Channels

Application Server

SMS

WAP

HTML

USSD

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Multi-Services – fully managed personalised

portal

m-World™

SMS

WAP

HTML

USSD

Billing Access Mgr.

m-Commerce

Portal

Application Server

Web Server

Application Server

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Applications Framework – Architecture Overview

m-World™

m-Commerce Portal

Billing Access Mgr.

MicroWebAPI

ApplicationServer

WebServer

InputAdapter

OutputAdapter

Services ApplicationAdaption

Device Context

Location Context

ApplicationContext XMLJSP

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Adaption Layer

InputAdapter

OutputAdapter

Adaption

Device Context

Location Context

Application Context

Made up of several Technology Adapters

A Technology Adapter is deployed for each class of target device (SMS, WAP, HTML) to be used

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Technology Adapters

InputAdapter

OutputAdapter

Adaption

Device Context

Location Context

Application Context

Manages context for individual device

Converts input into a micro-web request using: Input data Device context Application context

Adds user and location context to each request

Translates responses into device specific format using: Response data Device context Application context

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Service Layer Controls access to

MicroWeb applications

Handles user subscriptions and billing

Splits-up and routes responses according to:Technology Adaptor

capabilitiesContent attributesUser-specified rules

MicroWebServices

Billing Subscription

AdapterRegister Routing

Service

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Service Layer

MicroWebServices

Billing Subscription

AdapterRegister Routing

Service

An open interface allowing integration of your services

Manages register of:Adaptor capabilitiesCurrently accessible

adapters for each user Provides services to all

applicationsm-CommercePersonalisationContent RoutingAccess Management

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Application Layer

MicroWebAPI

ApplicationServer

WebServer

Application

XMLJSP

Any combination of Static XML Content Dynamic Content

JSP Database access

Custom Applications Use MicroWeb API and HTTP More Complex Interactions

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Applications Framework– Business Drivers

Modular and ExtensibleReduce deployment risk

We develop the channel side technology allowing you to concentrate on applications and service development

Protect InvestmentServices deployed using existing

technologies will instantly be available via new channels as we develop new Technology Adapters

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Business Drivers (continued)

Reduce technology dependence No longer: “We’ll deploy a WAP and SMS lottery service” But: “Let’s have a lottery service. We have WAP and SMS

channels.” Contemporary development architecture

Access to the large ‘Internet Developer’ skills base Minimises development and testing schedules

Network Differentiation Services Layer allows you to deploy distinctive services

that benefit application providers

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Applications Framework– Summary

Delivers the same XML content to a range of mobile devices

Facilitates rapid service evolution and deployment

Allows you to concentrate on the service, not on the mobile device specifics

Provides support for new target devices with off-the-shelf components

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Fulfilment and Business Layers




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Mobile Applications– Financial Transactions

ModelStocks

Content

TaxiTickets

TicketsBills

Pre-Pay

Apps

Real-time Credit CheckOn the Phone Bill

“On Network” IP Billing system

Real-time Credit CheckBank Account

Credit/Debit Card

“Off Network” Banking /Visa

Networks

Event CDR ApportionmentGPRS/IP Billing System Accounting & Settlement

PositiveConfirmationSMS / E-mail

Access

Secure m-Commerce

Server

Encryption

PIN

Events Fulfilment

Link to back-end systems

“Off Network” Application Server

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What is your Business Model?

An

oth

er O

pera

tor

Interconnect payment

Traffic payment

Network Network OperatorOperator

Data Services Revenue Flows

Ad

vertise

rA

dve

rtising

E

xp

en

ditu

re

Financial

Transaction

Purchases- On phone bill- Banking System

WholesaleFee

Contentpayment

Information- “Free”: drive txn- Chargeable

Handling Fee

Contentpayment

Is it communications, content or commerce?

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GPRS Billing - Screen Shot from Infranet (Portal Billing)

“Pipe” Usage

Purchase

Content

All on one bill in real-time

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The Case for E-commerce Transactions

GPRS Services 61.12GPRS Usage 0.17

Total 61.29

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Data StreamData Stream Voice StreamVoice Stream

Mobile Applications Framework - Example

Implementation

UnifiedUnified Bill

GSM

Transactions,

Accounting &

Settlement

Transactions,

Accounting &

SettlementService providers

Portal Infra-net (Realtime Billing)

Portal Infra-net (Realtime Billing)

Content EventsEvent

CDRCollection

Event CDR

Collection

MobilMobilee

BankiBankingng

MobilMobilee

BankiBankingng

BusinBusinessess

DirectDirectoryory

BusinBusinessess

DirectDirectoryory

DininDiningg

OutOut

DininDiningg

OutOut

MobilMobilee

TraveTravell

MobilMobilee

TraveTravell

CineCinemama

TickeTicketsts

CineCinemama

TickeTicketsts

3rd-3rd-PartyPartyAppsApps

3rd-3rd-PartyPartyAppsApps

ShareSharess& &

NewsNews

ShareSharess& &

NewsNews

WAP Gatew

ay

WAP Gatew

ay

m-WorldPortal

m-WorldPortal

Operator’sIP Backbone

GSM

GPRS

Journal

Financial Transactionsm-

Commerce

Server

m-Commerc

eServer

GPRS Usage

Smart Mediator

Smart Mediator

CDRs

OperOperat-or at-or AppsApps

OperOperat-or at-or AppsApps

VoiceMediation

VoiceMediation

Voice Billing

Voice Billing

Consumers

Aethos(Pre-Pay)

Aethos(Pre-Pay)

View billing data in real time

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Conclusions

The Wireless Internet is here today.More than just WAP – i-mode, USSD and SMS

are viable now Information targeted specifically at the

needs of wireless users will succeed. Think about architecture: go for an

end-to-end solution. Think about service development:

address the needs of today’s users. Formulate a revenue strategy: put

systems in place to implement it.

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Thank You!

Immo Hüneke

Technical Architect

Wireless Internet

Logica

Stephenson House

75 Hampstead Road

London NW1 2PL

United Kingdom

direct +44 20 7446

1653

fax +44 20 7446

1832

mobile +44 7941

072 238

email

[email protected]

www.logica.com/tele

comslogica

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