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Constitutional Law 1 - Course Syllabus1st Semester, School Year 2008-2009 POLITICAL LAW Defined
- People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887- Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77
THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
Nature of the ConstitutionDefinition;Classification;Qualities and essential parts of a good written
Constitution Ratification / Political vs. Justiciable Question
- Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 33 Constitutional Construction
- Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552- Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696
- Nitafan v. Commisioner of Internal Revenue, 152SCRA 284 Self-executing provisions
- Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, GR 122156, Feb. 3,1997 Constitutional History Pre-1935 Constitution
Schurman Commission; Taft Commission; Spooner Amendment; Philippine Bill of 1902
Jones Law of 1916; Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934
1935 Constitution
Declaration of Martial Law- Aquino v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183
1973 Constitution
- Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 33
1986 Snap Presidential Election- Philippine Bar Association. v. Comelec, 140
SCRA 455
People Power Revolt
Proclamation No. 1, Feb. 25, 1986Proc. No. 3, Mar. 25, 1986
- Lawyers League v. Aquino, GR 73748, May22, 1986
- In re: Bermudez, 145 SCRA 160Freedom Constitution
1987 Constitution
- In re: Letter of Reynato Puno, June 29, 1992, 210SCRA
Effectivity of the 1987 Constitution- De Leon v. Esguerra, 153 SCRA 602
AMENDMENT PROCESSAmendment vs. RevisionProcedure
1. Proposala. By Congressb. By a Constitutional Convention
Theories on Position of ConstitutionalConvention
c. By the People thru InitiativeRA 6735
- Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec,GR 127325, March 19, 1997
2. RatificationDoctrine of Proper Submission
- Tolentino v. Comelec, 41 SCRA 702
Judicial Review of Amendments- Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 30- Sanidad v. Comelec, 73 SCRA 333
- - - - - - - -
POWER OF JUDICIAL REVIEW- Marbury v. Madison, 5 US 137, 2 L.Ed. 60- Defensor-Santiago v. Guingona, GR 134577, Nov.
18, 1998- Francisco v. House of Representatives, GR
160261, Nov. 10, 2003
Judicial Supremacy vs. Constitutional Supremacy
Political vs. Justiciable Question- Baker v. Carr, 396 US 186- Nixon v. US, 506 US 224- Goldwater v. Carter, 444 US 996, 62 L.Ed.2d
428- Sanidad v. Comelec, 73 SCRA 333- Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2,
2001- Brillantes v. Concepcion, GR 163193, June
15, 2004
Presumption of Constitutionality- Lim v. Pacquing, GR 115044, Jan. 27, 1995
Requisites of Judicial Review: 1. Actual Case or Controversy
- Board of Optometry v. Colet, GR 122241, July 30,1996
- Mariano v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211
- Fernandez v. Torres, 215 SCRA 489- La Bugal-B’laan Tribal Assn. v. DENR Secretary,
GR 127882, Jan. 27, 2004
Ripeness- City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 US 95, 75
L.Ed.2d 675
Mootness- David v. Macapagal-Arroyo (PP1017), GR
171396, May 3, 2006- La Bugal-B’laan Tribal Assn. v. DENR
Secretary, GR 127882, Dec. 1, 2004
- DeFunis v. Odegaard, 416 US 312, 40L.Ed.2d 164- - - - - - - -2. Proper Party
Conventional Standing
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- Warth v. Seldin, 422 US 490, 45 L.Ed.2d. 343
Representative Standing
Jus Tertii standing- Craig v. Boren, 429 US 190, 50 L.Ed.2d. 397
Transcendental importance to the public
- Tatad v. Garcia, 243 SCRA 436
- Kilosbayan v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110- Kilosbayan v. Morato, 246 SCRA 540- Kilosbayan v. Morato (Recon.), GR 118910,
Nov. 16, 1995
Standing of members of Congress- Philconsa v. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506- Bagatsing v. Committee on Privatization, GR
112399, July 14, 1995
Standing of Integrated Bar of the Philippines- IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15,
2000
Standing of the Government to question its own
laws- People v. Vera, 65 Phil. 56
Taxpayer’s Suits
- Bayan v. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October 10, 2000
- Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835, August 14, 2000 3. Question must be raised at the earliest possibleopportunity
4. Constitutional question must the very "lis mota"of the case
Doctrine of Purposeful Hesitation- Drilon v. Lim, GR 112497, Aug. 4, 1994
Functions of Judicial Review
Effects of Declaration of Unconstitutionality
Doctrine of Operative Fact- Republic v. CA, GR 79732, Nov. 8, 1993
CONCEPT OF STATE 1. People
CitizenshipDistinguished from nationalityModes of Acquiring citizenshipCitizens of the Philippines
- Moy Ya Lim Yao v. Commissioner of Immigration, 41 SCRA 292
- Djumantan v. Domingo, Jan. 30, 1995Election of Philippine citizenship
- In re: Vicente Ching, Bar Matter No. 914,October 1, 1999
Doctrine of implied election- Co v. HRET, G.R. No. 92191-92, July 30,
1991
Natural-born citizens- Bengson v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, May 7,
2001- Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March
3, 2004Dual citizenship & dual allegiance
- Mercado v. Manzano, GR 135083, May 26,1999
Res judicata in citizenship cases
Doctrine of Indelible Allegiance Naturalization
- Republic v. De la Rosa, 232 SCRA 785
Loss of citizenship- By naturalization in a foreign country
- Frivaldo v. Comelec, 174 SCRA 245- Labo v. Comelec, 176 SCRA 1
- By express renunciation or expatriation- Yu v. Defensor-Santiago, 169 SCRA 364
Reacquisition of citizenship, RA 8171
Retroactivity of Repatriation- Frivaldo v. Comelec, 257 SCRA 727, June
28, 1996
Suffrage- Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066,
March 26, 2001- Makalintal v. Comelec, GR 157013, July 10,
2003 2. Territory Philippine Archipelago; Archipelago Doctrine; UNConvention on the Law of the Sea
3. Government
FunctionsConstituent vs. MinistrantLaissez-faire vs. Welfare State
Doctrine of Parens Patriae- Gov't. of Phil. Islands v. Monte de Piedad, 35
Phil. 728- Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94
Classification- De Jure- De Facto- Lawyers League v. Aquino, GR 73748, May
22, 1986 4. Sovereignty
Effects of Change in sovereignty- People v. Perfecto, 43 Phil. 887- Macariola v. Asuncion, 114 SCRA 77
Effects of Belligerent Occupation
Doctrine of Jus PostliminiumDominium vs. ImperiumDerogation of Philippine Sovereignty; The Visiting
Forces Agreement- Bayan v. Zamora, G.R. No. 138570, October
10, 2000
DOCTRINE OF STATE IMMUNITYBasis
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- U.S.A. vs. Reyes, March 1, 1993
Immunity of Foreign States & DiplomatsPrinciple of par in parem non habet imperiumProcess of Suggestion
- The Holy See v. RTC, GR 101949, Dec. 1,1994Determination of Immunity by the Department of Foreign Affairs
- Liang v. People, G.R. No. 125865, January 28,2000
Immunity of International Organizations and Agencies
- SEAFDEC v. NLRC, 241 SCRA 580- Callado v. IRRI, 244 SCRA 210- DFA v. NLRC, Sept. 18, 1996
Immunity of Government Agencies
IncorporatedMunicipal Corporations
- Municipality of San Fernando v. Judge
Firme, 195 SCRA 692Unincorporated
If principal function is governmental- Farolan v. CTA 217 SCRA 298
If proprietary suable
Suits against Public Officers- City of Angeles v. CA, Aug. 28,1996- Veterans Manpower v. CA, 214 SCRA 286- Wylie v. Rarang, 209 SCRA 357
Consent to be sued
Express Consent
- Republic v. Feliciano, 148 SCRA 424General Law
- CA 327; PD 1445; Art. 2180; Act No.3038
Special Law- Meritt v. Gov't. of the Phil. Islands, 34
Phil. 311Implied Consent
When State commences litigation- Froilan v. Pan Oriental Shipping, Sept.
30, 1954When State enters into a business contract
- USA v. Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487
Suability not outright liability
- Meritt v. Gov't. of the Phil. Islands, 34 Phil.311
- Fontanilla v. Maliaman, 194 SCRA 486
Consent to be sued does not include consent toexecution
- Republic v. Villasor, 54 SCRA 84- Municipality of San Miguel v. Fernandez,
130 SCRA 56- Municipality of Makati v. CA, 190 SCRA
206
Immunity cannot be used to perpetrate an
injustice on a citizen- Ministerio v. CFI of Cebu, 40 SCRA 464
PRINCIPLES AND STATE POLICIESPreamble
RepublicanismManifestations
1. Nemo est supra leges- Villavicencio v. Lukban, 39 Phil. 778
2. Rule of majority
3. Accountability of Public Officials4. Bill of Rights5. Legislature cannot pass irrepealable laws
6. Separation of Powers
Principle of Blending of PowersPrinciple of Checks and Balances
- The Steel Seizure case, 343 US579, 96 L.Ed. 1153
- Bowsher v. Synar, 478 US 714- Senate v. Ermita (E.O.464), G.R.
No. 169777
7. Non-delegation of powers- Phil. Interisland Shipping Ass'n. v.
CA, GR 100481, Jan. 22, 1997Potestas delegata non delegare potest
Permissible Delegation
a. Tariff Powers to the Presidentb. Emergency Powers to the
President- First Emergency Powers
cases, 84 Phil. 368- Second Emergency Powers
cases, 92 Phil. 603
c. Delegation to the Peopled. Delegation to Local Government
Unitse. Delegation to the Administrative
BodiesPower of Subordinate Legislation
- Miners Association v.Factoran, GR 98332, Jan. 16, 1995
Principle of Subdelegation of Powers
Doctrine of Qualified Political Agency
Tests for valid delegationa. Completeness Testb. Sufficient Standard Test
- Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659- De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA
294Legislative standard need not be
expressed- Hirabashi v. United States,
320 US 99- Chiongbian v. Orbos, 245
SCRA 2538. State Immunity (supra)
9. Election through popular will
Act of StateIncorporation ClauseConflict between municipal law and international law
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- Ichong v. Hernandez, 101 Phil. 115Civilian Supremacy
- IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15,2000
Government to serve and protect the peoplePeople to defend the StateSeparation of Church and StateIndependent Foreign PolicyNuclear Free Philippines
Just and dynamic social order Social Justice
- Calalang v. Williams, 70 Phil. 726Respect for human dignity and human rightsFundamental Equality of men and women
Promotion of health and ecology
- Oposa v. Factoran, GR 1010183, July 30,1993
Priority to education, science and technologyProtection to labor Land Reform
- Ass'n. of Small Land Owners v. Sec. of Agrarian Reform, 175 SCRA 343
Regalian Doctrine- Republic v. CA, CCP Intervenor, GR 103882,
Nov. 25, 1998- Cruz v. DENR Secretary, G.R. No. 135385,
December 6, 2000- La Bugal-B’laan Tribal Assn. v. DENR
Secretary, GR 127882, Jan. 27, 2004
Inalienable Lands of the Public Domain- Chavez v. PEA & AMARI, GR 133250, Nov.
11, 2003
Independent People's organizations
Family and Youth- Meyer v. Nebraska, 263 US 393- Pierce v. Society of Sisters, 268 US 510- Wisconsin v. Yoder, 40 LW 4476- Cabanas v. Pilapil, 58 SCRA 94
Self-reliant and independent national economy
- Tañada v. Angara (GATT case), GR 118295,May 2, 1997
Communication and information in nation-building
Autonomy of Local Governments
Decentralization of Administration vs.decentralization of Power
- Limbonas v. Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786- Basco v. PAGCOR, 197 SCRA 52
Autonomous Region
- Disomangcop v. DPWH Secretary, GR149848, November 25, 2004
Indigenous Cultural Communities- Cruz v. DENR Secretary, G.R. No. 135385,
December 6, 2000
Honest public service and full public disclosure
LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENTLegislative power
Initiative, referendum and Recall- Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec, GR
127325, March 19, 1997Indirect Initiative
- SBMA v. Comelec, Sept. 26, 1996
Recall- Garcia v. Comelec, Oct. 5, 1993Loss of confidence, a political question
- Evardone v. Comelec, 204 SCRA 464,472
Bicameralism vs. Unicameralism
Senate (Composition; Qualifications; Term of office)
House of RepresentativesComposition (District Representatives; Party-list
Representatives)
Party-list Representatives
- Veterans Federation Party v. Comelec,G.R. No. 136781, October 6, 2000
- Ang Bagong Bayani-OFW Labor Party v.Comelec, G.R. No. 147589, June 26, 2001
Apportionment of Legislative Districts- Baker v. Carr, 369 US 186- Mariano v. Comelec, 242 SCRA 211- Montejo v. Comelec, GR 118702, Mar. 19,
1995Gerrymandering
Doctrine of Equal Representation
Qualifications- Marcos v. Comelec, 248 SCRA 300- Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18, 1995Theory of legal impossibility
Natural-born
- Bengson v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840,May 7, 2001
Term of office
PrivilegesFreedom from ArrestParliamentary Immunity
- Eastland v. US Servicemen's Fund,421 US 491
- Hutchinson v. Proxmire, 443 US 111- Jimenez v. Cabangbang, 17 SCRA
714
Disqualifications and InhibitionsEffect of Imprisonment
- People v. Jalosjos, G.R. Nos. 132875-76, February 3, 2000
Sessions; Adjournment; Officers- Santiago v. Guingona, G.R. No. 147589,
June 26, 2001
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Quorum- Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17
Rules of Proceedings
- Arroyo v. De Venecia (Sin-taxes case),GR 127255, Aug. 14, 1997
Discipline of membersSuspension vs. Preventive Suspension
- Santiago v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No.128055. April 18, 2001
Enrolled Bill Theory- Mabanag v. Lopez Vito, 78 Phil. 1- Casco Chemical v. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347Legislative Journal vs. Enrolled Bill
Electoral Tribunals
Composition- Bondoc v. Pineda, 201 SCRA 792- Abbas v. Senate Electoral Tribunal,
166 SCRA 651
Powers- Aquino v. Comelec, Sept. 18, 1995- Sampayan v. Daza, 213 SCRA 807
Jurisdiction over Proclamation Controversy- Caruncho v. Comelec, G.R. No.
135996, September 30, 1999
Commission on AppointmentsComposition
- Guingona v. Gonzales, 214 SCRA 789Powers
- Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549
Powers of CongressGeneral Legislative Power
LimitationsSubstantive LimitationsProcedural Limitations
One Bill, one subject- Guzman v. Comelec, G.R. No.
129118, July 19, 2000Sufficiency of Title
- Phil. Judges Association v.Prado, GR 105371, Nov. 11, 1993
- Chongbian v. Orbos, 245SCRA 253
Bills that must originate exclusivelyfrom the House
- Tolentino v. Secretary of Finance, GR 115455, Aug. 25, 1994
- Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, Oct. 30, 1995
Three readings on separate daysBicameral Conference Committee
Legislative Process
Approval of BillsPresidential vetoPocket veto
Item veto- Bengzon v. Drilon, 208 SCRA
133
Legislative veto; One-House Veto
- Immigration Service v.Chadha, 462 US 919, 77 L.Ed.2d 317
- Phil. Constitution Associationv. Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506
Power of the PurseImplied limitations on appropriation measure
- Guingona v. Carague, 196 SCRA 221
Constitutional limitations and rulesRidersSub rosa appropriationProhibition against transfer of
appropriation- Phil. Constitution Association v.
Enriquez, 235 SCRA 506
Power of Taxation- McCulloch v. Maryland, 17 US (4 Wheat,
316)
Power of Legislative Investigation
- Senate v. Ermita (E.O.464), G.R. No.169777
- Bengzon v. Senate Blue RibbonCommittee, 203 SCRA 767
Power to Punish contempt- Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil. 29- Arnault v. Balagtas, 97 Phil. 358
Power to declare existence of state of war
- The Prize cases, 67 US 635, 17 L.Ed. 459- Mora v. McNamara, 389 US 934, 19
L.Ed.2d 287
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTPresident and Vice-President
QualificationsNatural-born Citizen
- Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March3, 2004
ElectionCongress as canvassing boardSupreme Court as Electoral Tribunal
- Defensor-Santiago v. Ramos, PET
Case no. 001, Feb. 13, 1996Term of office
Privileges
Official residenceSalary
Presidential Immunity
- In re: Bermudez, 145 SCRA 160- Beltran v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393- US v. Nixon, 418 US 683, 41 L.Ed.2d
1039- Nixon v. Fitzgerald, 457 US 731
- Clinton v. Jones, 520 US 681, May 27,1997
- Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738,March 2, 2001
- Decision on Motion for
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Reconsideration, April 3, 2001
Prohibitions and inhibitions
Rules on SuccessionVacancy at beginning of termVacancy during the termTemporary Disability
Removal of the President- Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March2, 2001
- Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001
PowersExecutive Power
- Planas v. Gil, 67 Phil. 62- Myers, Administratrix v. United States,
272 US 52
Legislative Powers
- Municipality of San Juan v. CA, Sept.29, 1997
- Ople v. Torres, GR 127685, July 23,1998
Residual Powers- Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668
Power to Determine National Policy
- The Steel Seizure case, 343 US 579,96 L.Ed. 1153
Prosecution of Crimes- Webb v. De Leon, 247 SCRA 652
Creation of Preparatory Committee on
Constitutional Reforms- Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No.
140835, August 14, 2000
Appointing Power Discretionary power
- Flores v. Drilon, GR 104732, June22, 1993
- Gordon v. Judge Santos, CA-GR
Sp No. 48339, Aug. 21, 1998- Gordon v. CA, GR 134900, Sept.
1, 1998- Luego v. Civil Service
Commission, 143 SCRA 327Classes of Appointment
- Gaminde v. COA, G.R. No.140335, December 13, 2000
Appointments subject to confirmation of Commission on Appointments
- Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA549
- Manalo v. Sistoza, GR 107369,
Aug. 11, 1999Limitations on the Appointment Power Power of Removal
Power of Control
Control vs. Supervision- Drilon v. Lim, GR 112497, Aug. 4,
1994Alter-ego Principle or Doctrine of
Qualified Political Agency- Carpio v. Executive Secretary,
Feb. 14, 1992The Executive Secretary
- Lacson-Magallanes v. Pano, 21
SCRA 895 Military Powers
Commander-in-chief clause- Ex Parte Milligan, 71 US 2- David v. Macapagal-Arroyo
(PP1017), GR 171396, May 3, 2006- Aquino v. Military Commission No.
2, 63 SCRA 546- Olaguer v. Military Commission
No. 34, 150 SCRA 144- Carpio v. Executive Secretary,
supra
Calling Out the Armed Forces
- IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000
Declaration of State of Rebellion- Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780,
May 10, 2001
Declaration of martial law- Aquino v. Enrile, 59 SCRA 183
Suspension of the privilege of the writ of
habeas corpus- Barcelon v. Baker, 5 Phil. 87- Montenegro v. Castañeda, 91 Phil.
882- Lansang v. Garcia, 42 SCRA 448- Garcia-Padilla v. Enrile, 121 SCRA
472
Pardoning Power - People v. Salle, 250 SCRA 581, Dec.
4, 1995- Monsanto v. Factoran, 170 SCRA 190- Garcia v. Chairman, COA, 226 SCRA
356Pardon vs. Amnesty
Diplomatic Power
- Dames & Moore v. Regan, 453 US654
Treaties vs. Executive Agreements
Power to Impound- Philconsa v. Enriquez, Aug. 19, 1994
JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
Judicial Power Expanded jurisdiction
Effect on the political question doctrine
Jurisdiction
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- Diaz v. CA, Dec. 5, 1994- First Lepanto Ceramics v. CA, Oct. 7,
1994
Constitutional Safeguards to insure independenceof the Judiciary
Justices/judges may not be designated to anyagency performing non-judicial functions
Fiscal Autonomy
Power of Judicial Review
Appointment to the JudiciaryProcedure for AppointmentJudicial and Bar Council
Supreme Court
CompositionEn Banc & Division cases
Fortich v. Corona, G.R. No. 131457, August19, 1999
PowersSupervision over the Judiciary
- Dolalas v. Office of the Ombudsman,Dec. 24, 1996
Rule-making powers- Maniago v. CA, 253 SCRA 674
Mandatory Review of Death Penalty Cases- People v. Esparas, GR 120034, Aug.
20, 1996Writ of AmparoEquipoise DoctrineDecisions of the Court
- Nicos Industrial Corp. v. CA, 206 SCRA
127- Prudential Bank v. Castro, 158 SCRA 646
Power to control execution of decision- Echegaray v. Secretary of Justice, GR
132601, Jan. 19, 1999
Tenure of Justices/Judges- De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294
Removal and Discipline- Maceda v. Ombudsman, GR 102781, Apr.
22, 1993- People v. Gacott, 246 SCRA 52
Salaries- Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil. 552- Endencia v. David, 93 Phil. 696- Nitafan v. Commisioner of Internal
Revenue, 152 SCRA 284
INDEPENDENT CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONSafeguards to insure the independence of the
CommissionsProhibition on appointment in an acting capacity
- Brillantes v. Yorac, 192 SCRA 358Disqualifications and Inhibitions
Decisions - Certiorari to the Supreme Court- Galido v. Comelec, Jan. 18, 1991- Reyes v. RTC, 244 SCRA 41- Garces v. CA, July 17, 1996
SC Revised Admin. Cir. 1-95
1. Civil Service Commission
Scope of the Civil Service- DOH v. NLRC, 251 SCRA 700
Approval of appointments- Luego v. Civil Service Commission, 143
SCRA 327- Ramonte v. CSC, 244 SCRA 498
2. Commission on ElectionsEn Banc and Division cases
- Sarmiento v. Comelec, 212 SCRA 307Powers and Functions
- Relampagos v. Cumba, 243 SCRA 690- Loong v. Comelec, GR 133676, Apr. 14, 1999
Exclusive Original Jurisdiction and AppellateJurisdiction
- Guieb v. Fontanilla, 247 SCRA 348, Aug. 14,1995
Special Registration of New Voters- Akbayan Youth v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147066,
March 26, 2001 3. Commission on Audit
- Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. COA,GR 101976, Jan. 29, 1993
ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS
ImpeachmentImpeachable OfficersGrounds for ImpeachmentProcedure
- Romulo v. Yniguez, 141 SCRA 263Impeachment and Criminal Prosecution
- Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738,March 2, 2001
- Decision on Motion for Reconsideration, April 3, 2001
SandiganbayanJurisdiction
- Lacson v. Executive Secretary, G.R. No.128096, January 20, 1999
Ombudsman
Supervision and control- Acop v. Office of the Ombudsman, 248
SCRA 566Prosecutorial Powers
- Camanag v. Guerrero, GR 121017, Feb.17, 1997
Power to issue subpoena; Form of complaint- Almonte v. Vasquez, 244 SCRA 266
Power to Investigate Administrative ChargesConcurrent with the Office of the President
- Hagad v. Dadole, 241 SCRA 242Concurrent with the DOJ
- Honasan v. DOJ Panel of Investigating
Prosecutors, GR 159747, Apr. 13, 2004Power to investigate cases of ill-gotten wealth
after Feb. 25, 1996- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, Sept. 24,
1994
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Ombudsman for the Military- Agbay v. Deputy Ombudsman for the
Military, G.R. No. 134503, July 2, 1999
Special Prosecutor - Zaldivar v. Gonzales, 160 SCRA 843
Commission on Human Rights
Powers and Functions of the Commission
- Cariño v. CHR, GR 96681, Dec. 2, 1991Civil Rights vs. Political Rights- Simon v. CHR, 229 SCRA 117, Jan. 5,
1994Fiscal Autonomy
- CHR Employees Assn. v. CHR, GR No.155336, Nov. 25, 2004
Presidential Commission on Good Government- Chavez v. PCGG, GR 130716, Dec. 9, 1998- Cojuangco v. Roxas, 195 SCRA 797- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, 258 SCRA 685- Romualdez v. Sandiganbayan, 244 S 152
Sequestration
- Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 106244,Jan. 22, 1997
Order signed by only one commissioner - Republic v. Sandiganbayan, GR 113420,
Mar. 7, 1997
Imprescriptibility of Right of State to Recover Ill-gotten Wealth
- Presidential Committee on Behest Loans v.Desierto, G.R. No. 130140, October 25, 1999