a447

M AT E R I A LCatalogue

STELOY BOOKLET 4/29/04 5:20 PM Page b

1 INDEX

AS

TA

INLE

SS

ST

EE

L &

LO

W A

LLO

Y

ST

EE

LS

Co

balt S

treet P

lan

t

Gen

era

l info

rmatio

n o

n s

tain

less s

teel

& lo

w a

lloy s

teels

Austenitic cast alloys

Martensitic &

ferritic cast alloys

Duplex cast alloys

Steel &

low alloy steels

Special cast alloys

BIR

ON

BA

SE

ALLO

YS

Tu

ng

ste

n S

treet P

lan

t

Gen

era

l info

rmatio

n o

n iro

n

base a

lloys

Flake graphite irons

Spheroidal graphite irons

Austenitic cast irons

Ni-hard m

artensitic cast iron

Carbon &

carbon manganese steels

Low alloy steels

CC

AS

TIN

GS

FO

R T

HE

PE

TR

OC

HE

MIC

AL IN

DU

ST

RY

Intro

du

ctio

n to

heat a

nd

cre

ep

resis

tan

t allo

ys

Typical creep rupture strength table

Typical creep limiting strength table

DT

HE

CA

ST

ING

PR

OC

ES

S

234789910

11

12

13

14

14

15

16

17

20

21

22

STELOY BOOKLET 4/29/04 5:20 PM Page 1

Steloy Castings’ Cobalt Street facility produces high integrity, high performance stainless steel

and alloy castings.

Equipment enables the production of castings ranging from 1kg to 2 000kg. An ARL emission spectrometer ensures

compliance with all the relevant grades of materials and enables the foundry to analyse materials where the

specification is unknown.

Moulding is carried out on a cold box machine for castings up to 30kg fettled mass, or by means of the no-bake

process for castings up to 2 000kg fettled mass. A shell moulding facility is used for castings to higher tolerances.

A fully automatic LP gas fired temperature heat treatment furnace with temperature recorder, coupled to a water

quench facility, enables the heat treatment of all grades of castings produced in-house. In addition, a fully

equipped pattern shop ensures independence from outside services.

One of the first foundries to receive the ISO 9002 quality award, Steloy Castings is a leader in quality standards

and fully conversant with international standards, currently accredited for ISO 9002/2000.

2 COBALT STREET PLANT


MATERIAL GROUP METALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE TYPICAL APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENT

AUSTENITIC CAST ALLOYS Corrosion Austenitic Impellers, pumps, casings Corrosive environments – resistant valve bodies general and severe

Low temperatures

Heat resistant Austenitic Furnace components, hangers, Petrochemical industry, highbrackets, tube sheets, tube bends temperatures in oxidising and/or

reducing atmospheresCreep resistantHeat treatment applications

MARTENSITIC & FERRITIC CAST ALLOYS Martensitic and/or Ferritic Impellers, valve bodies, casings Corrosive environments, general and severeHigh strength may be required

DUPLEX CAST ALLOYS Austenitic/Ferritic Impellers, pumps, casings Stress corrosion, general and severe

STEEL & LOW ALLOY STEELS Ferritic/Pearlitic/Martensitic Pumps, valves, structural General and high stresscomponents, pressure High temperaturescontaining parts Low temperatures

SPECIAL CAST ALLOYS Austenitic/Ferritic/Martensitic Special requirements for High corrosion and abrasivestrength, corrosion, wear and heat applications

3 GENERAL INFORMATION ON STAINLESS STEEL AND LOW ALLOY STEELS


4 STAINLESS STEEL AND LOW ALLOY STEELS Austenitic Cast Alloys

CODES CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (% BY WEIGHT)

Related International CodesC Mn Si P S Cr Ni Mo Others

Max Max Max Max Max

AUSTENITIC CAST ALLOYS: CORROSION RESISTANT

Steloy - CF 8 ASTM A743 CF-8 304C 15 1,4308 G-X6CrNi18 9 0,08 1,50 2,00 0,04 0,04 18,0-21,0 8,0-11,0 – 205 485 35

Steloy - CF-8M ASTM A743 CF-8M 316C 16 1,4408 G-X6CrNiMo18 10 0,08 1,50 2,00 0,04 0,04 18,0-21,0 9,0-12,0 2,0-3,0 205 485 30

Steloy - CF-3 ASTM A743 CF-3 304C 12 1,4306 G-X2CrNi18 9 0,03 1,50 2,00 0,04 0,04 17,0-21,0 8,0-12,0 – 205 485 35

Steloy - CF-3M ASTM A743 CF-3M 316C 12 1,4404 G-X2CrNiMo18 10 0,03 1,50 1,50 0,04 0,04 17,0-21,0 9,0-13,00 2,0-3,0 205 485 30

Steloy - CG-8M ASTM A743 CG-8M 317C 16 1,4448 G-X6CrNiMo17-13 0,08 1,50 1,50 0,04 0,04 18,0-21,0 9,0-13,0 3,0-4,0 240 520 25

Steloy - CN-7M ASTM A743 CN-7M – 1,4500 G-X7NiCrMoCuNb25-20 0,07 1,50 1,50 0,04 0,04 19,0-22,0 27,5-30,5 2,0-3,0 3,0-4,0Cu 170 425 35

Steloy - 90 – – – – 0,07 1,00-1,25 0,7-1,0 0,04 0,04 20,25-23,0 27,7-29,0 4,25-5,0 Cu2,75-3,25Nb0,5 200 450 30

Steloy - CH20 ASTM A743 CH20 – – – 0,20 1,50 2,00 0,04 0,04 22,0-26,0 12,0-15,0 – 205 485 30

Steloy - 28/31 – – 1,4563 XlNiCrMoCu31-27-4 0,03 2,00 1,50 0,02 0,015 27,0 31,0 3,5 Cu1,0 215 450 30

Steloy - CF-8C ASTM A351 CF8C 1,4552 G-X5CrNiNb19-11 0,08 1,50 2,00 0,04 0,04 18,0-21,0 9,0-12,0 0,50 Nb 1,00 max, 8x%C 205 485 30

STELOYCODE USA ASTM

STANDARDS

BRITISHSTANDARDS

BS 3100

YieldPoint

MPa Min

TensileStrengthMPa Min

Elongation%

Min

GERMAN

STD No DIN

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMPERATURES

NOTE: ASTM A743 is for castings, iron-chromium, iron-chromium-nickel, corrosion resistant for general applications. ASTM A744 is for castings, iron-chromium-nickel, corrosion resistant for severe service.

Selected alloys are produced in accordance with ASTM A990 – which is the specification for iron-nickel-chromium and nickel alloys, specially controlled for pressure retaining parts for corrosive service.


5 STAINLESS STEEL AND LOW ALLOY STEELS Austenitic Cast Alloys (continued)



Max Max Max Max Max

AUSTENITIC CAST ALLOYS: HEAT RESISTANT

Steloy - HT ASTM A297 HT 330C 12 – – 0,35-0,75 2,00 2,50 0,04 0,04 15,0-19,0 33,0-37,0 0,5 max – – 450 4

Steloy - HU ASTM A297 HU 331C 40 1,4865 G-X40NiCrSi38 18 0,35-0,75 2,00 2,50 0,04 0,04 17,0-21,0 37,0-41,0 0,5 max – – 450 4

Steloy - HX ASTM A297 HX 334C 11 – – 0,35-0,75 2,00 2,50 0,04 0,04 15,0-19,0 64,0-68,0 0,5 max – – 415 –

Steloy - HC ASTM A297 HC 452C 11 – – 0,5 1,00 2,00 0,04 0,04 26,0-30,0 4,0 max 0,5 max – – 380 –

Steloy - HF ASTM A297 HF 309C 30 1,4826 G-X40CrNiSi22 9 0,2-0,40 2,00 2,00 0,04 0,04 18,0-23,0 8,0-12,0 0,5 max – 240 485 25

Steloy - HD ASTM A297 HD – 1,4823 G-X40CrNiSi27 4 0,5 1,50 2,00 0,04 0,04 26,0-30,0 4,0-7,0 0,5 max – 240 515 8

Steloy - HE ASTM A297 HE 309C 40 – – 0,2-0,50 2,00 2,00 0,04 0,04 26,0-30,0 8,0-11,0 0,5 max – 275 585 9

Steloy - W – – 2,4879 G-NiCr28W 0,35-0,55 2,00 1,50 0,045 0,030 27,0-30,0 47,0-50,0 – W4,0-5,5 – 440 4

Steloy - HK40 ASTM A351 HK40 – – – 0,35-0,45 1,50 1,75 0,04 0,04 23,0-27,0 19,0-22,0 0,5 max – 240 425 10

STELOYCODE USA ASTM

STANDARDS

BRITISHSTANDARDS

BS 3100

YieldPoint

Mpa Min

TensileStrengthMpa Min

Elongation%

Min

GERMAN

STD No DIN




Max Max Max Max Max


Steloy - HT ASTM A297 HT 330C 12 – 0,35-0,75 2,00 2,50 0,04 0,04 15,0-19,0 33,0-37,0 0,5 max – – 450 4

Steloy - HU ASTM A297 HU 331C 40 1,4865 G-X40NiCrSi38-18 0,35-0,75 2,00 2,50 0,04 0,04 17,0-21,0 37,0-41,0 0,5 max – – 450 4


Steloy - HC ASTM A297 HC 452C 11 – 0,5 1,00 2,00 0,04 0,04 26,0-30,0 4,0 max 0,5 max – – 380 –

Steloy - HF ASTM A297 HF 309C 30 1,4826 G-X40CrNiSi22-9 0,2-0,40 2,00 2,00 0,04 0,04 18,0-23,0 8,0-12,0 0,5 max – 240 485 25

Steloy - HD ASTM A297 HD – 1,4823 G-X40CrNiSi27-4 0,5 1,50 2,00 0,04 0,04 26,0-30,0 4,0-7,0 0,5 max – 240 515 8


Steloy - W – – 2,4879 G-NiCr28W 0,35-0,55 2,00 1,50 0,045 0,030 27,0-30,0 47,0-50,0 – W4,0-5,5 240 440 4

Steloy - HK40 ASTM A351 HK40 – 1,4848 G-X40CrNiSi25-20 0,35-0,45 1,50 1,75 0,04 0,04 23,0-27,0 19,0-22,0 0,5 max – 240 425 10

Steloy - HH ASTM A297 HH 309C 32 1,4837 G-X40CrNiSi25-12 0,2-0,5 2,00 2,00 0,04 0,04 24,0-28,0 11,0-14,0 0,5 max 240 515 10

Steloy - HK ASTM A297 HK 310C 40 1,4848 G-X40NiCrSi25-20 0,2-0,6 2,00 2,00 0,04 0,04 24,0-28,0 18,0-22,0 0,5 max 240 450 10

STELOYCODE USA ASTM

STANDARDS

BRITISHSTANDARDS

BS 3100

YieldPoint

MPa Min


Elongation%

Min

GERMAN

STD No DIN



6 STAINLESS STEEL AND LOW ALLOY STEELS Austenitic Cast Alloys (continued)



Max Max Max Max Max


Steloy - HT ASTM A297 HT 330C 12 – – 0,35-0,75 2,00 2,50 0,04 0,04 15,0-19,0 33,0-37,0 0,5 max – – 450 4

Steloy - HU ASTM A297 HU 331C 40 1,4865 G-X40NiCrSi38 18 0,35-0,75 2,00 2,50 0,04 0,04 17,0-21,0 37,0-41,0 0,5 max – – 450 4


Steloy - HC ASTM A297 HC 452C 11 – – 0,5 1,00 2,00 0,04 0,04 26,0-30,0 4,0 max 0,5 max – – 380 –

Steloy - HF ASTM A297 HF 309C 30 1,4826 G-X40CrNiSi22 9 0,2-0,40 2,00 2,00 0,04 0,04 18,0-23,0 8,0-12,0 0,5 max – 240 485 25

Steloy - HD ASTM A297 HD – 1,4823 G-X40CrNiSi27 4 0,5 1,50 2,00 0,04 0,04 26,0-30,0 4,0-7,0 0,5 max – 240 515 8


Steloy - W – – 2,4879 G-NiCr28W 0,35-0,55 2,00 1,50 0,045 0,030 27,0-30,0 47,0-50,0 – W4,0-5,5 – 440 4

Steloy - HK40 ASTM A351 HK40 – – – 0,35-0,45 1,50 1,75 0,04 0,04 23,0-27,0 19,0-22,0 0,5 max – 240 425 10

STELOYCODE USA ASTM

STANDARDS

BRITISHSTANDARDS

BS 3100

YieldPoint

Mpa Min

TensileStrengthMpa Min

Elongation%

Min

GERMAN

STD No DIN


NOTE: ASTM A297 is for steel castings, iron-chromium and iron-chromium-nickel, heat resistant for general application.

Alloys in this range contain varying percentages of Cr and Ni. Cr is mainly intended for oxidisation resistance – whereas Ni is mainly intended for carburisation resistance and high temperature ductility (thermal shock resistance).

ASTM A447 is for steel castings chromium-nickel-iron alloy (25-12 Class) for high temperature service. Selected alloys have been microalloyed with Nb, Ti, Zr and R.E. to enhance creep rupture properties.



Max Max Max Max Max

AUSTENITIC CAST ALLOYS: HEAT RESISTANT (continued)

Steloy - HP ASTM A297 HP – 1,4857 G-X40NiCrSi35 25 0,35-0,75 0,5-1,50 1,0-2,50 0,045 0,030 24,0-28,0 33,0-37,0 0,5 max 235 430 4,5

Steloy – 2,4608 NiCr26MoW 0,10 2,00 1,50 0,03 0,03 24,0-27,0 44,0-48,0 2,5-4,0

W 2,5-4,0240 550 30S333 Co 2,5-4,0

Steloy ASTM A297 HP Nb 0,8-1,2

1.4852 mod (mod)– 1,4852 G-X40NiCrSiNb35-25 0,4-0,5 1,50 1,2-1,8 0,025 0,015 23-27 32-36 0,5 V 0,10 250 450 6

Ti 0,1-0,3

Steloy HH mod ASTM A447 – – – 0,20-0,45 2,50 1,75 0,05 0,05 23,0-28,0 10,0-14,0 – N 0,2 max – 550 4

Steloy 1.4849 – – 1,4849 G-X40NiCrSiNb38-18 0,30-0,50 1,5 1,0-2,5 0,035 0,030 17,0-19,0 36,0-39,0 – Nb 1,20-1,80 220 400 5

Nb 1,4-1,7Steloy IN657 ASTM A560 – 2,4680 G-NiCr50Nb 0,10 0,30 0,50 0,02 0,02 47,0-52,0 BAL – Fe 1,0 max 345 550 5

N 0,16 max

Steloy 1,4859 ASTM A351 CT15C – 1,4859 G-X10NiCrNb32-20 0,05-0,15 0,15-1,50 0,50-1,50 0,03 0,03 19,0-21,0 31,0-34,0 – Nb 0,50-1,50 170 435 20

STELOYCODE USA ASTM

STANDARDS

BRITISHSTANDARDS

BS 3100

YieldPoint

MPa Min


Elongation%

Min

GERMAN

STD No DIN



7 STAINLESS STEEL AND LOW ALLOY STEELS Martensitic & Ferritic Cast Alloys



Max Max Max Max Max

MARTENSITIC AND FERRITIC CAST ALLOYS

Steloy - CA-15 ASTM A743 CA-15 410C 21 1,4006 G-X12Cr13 0,15 1,00 1,50 0,04 0,04 11,5-14,0 1,0 max 0,5 max 450 620 18

Steloy - 13 – 420C24/C29 1,4027 G-X20Cr14 0,16-0,23 1,00 1,00 0,045 0,030 12,5-14,5 1,0 max – 465 690 11

Steloy - CA-40 ASTM A743 CA-40 – 1,4028 G-X30Cr13 0,2-0,4 1,00 1,50 0,04 0,04 11,5-14,0 1,0 max 0,5 max 485 690 15

Steloy - CB-30 ASTM A743 CB-30 – 1,4059 G-X22CrNi17 0,30 1,00 1,50 0,04 0,04 18,0-21,0 2,0 max – 205 450 –

Steloy - CB-7Cu ASTM A747 CB-7Cu1 – 1,4542 X5CrNiCuNb17-4 0,07 0,70 0,5-1,0 0,035 0,030 15,5-17,7 3,6-4,6 – Cu2,5-3,2Nb0,15-0,35 1000 1170 5

Steloy - CA-6NM ASTM A743 CA-6NM 425C 11 1,4313 G-X5CrNi13-4 0,06 1,00 1,00 0,04 0,03 11,5-14,0 3,5-4,5 0,4-1,0 550 755 15

Steloy - CC-50 ASTM A743 CC-50 – 1,4340 G-X40CrNi27-4 0,50 1,00 1,50 0,04 0,04 26,0-30,0 4,00 – – 380 –

Steloy - 2802 – – 1,4138 G-X120CrMo29-2 0,9-1,30 1,00 2,00 0,045 0,030 27,0-29,0 – 2,00-2,50 880-1080 – –

STELOYCODE USA ASTM

STANDARDS

BRITISHSTANDARDS

BS 3100

YieldPoint

MPa Min


Elongation%

Min

GERMAN

STD No DIN


NOTE: ASTM A743 is for castings, iron-chromium, iron-chromium-nickel, corrosion resistant for general application. ASTM A747 is for steel castings, stainless, precipitation hardening.


8 STAINLESS STEEL AND LOW ALLOY STEELS Duplex Cast Alloys



Max Max Max Max Max

DUPLEX CAST ALLOYS

Steloy CD-4MCu ASTM A890gr 1A 322C 13 0,040 1,00 1,00 0,040 0,040 24,5-26,5 4,75-6,00 1,75-2,25 Cu2,75-3,25 485 690 16

Steloy - 225 ASTM A890gr 4A 1,4462 0,030 1,50 1,00 0,040 0,020 21,0-23,5 4,50-6,50 2,50-3,50 Cu1,00 max N0,10-0,30 415 620 25

Steloy - 2507 ASTM A890gr 6A 0,030 1,00 1,00 0,030 0,025 24,0-26,0 6,5-8,5 3,0-4,0 450 690 25

Steloy - CD-3MCuN ASTM A890gr 1C 0,030 1,20 1,10 0,030 0,030 24,0-26,7 5,60-6,70 2,90-3,80 Cu1,40-1,90 N0,22-0,33 450 690 25

Steloy - CD-4MCuN ASTM A890gr 1B 0,040 1,00 1,00 0,040 0,040 24,5-26,5 4,7-6,0 1,7-2,3 Cu2,7-3,3 N0,10-0,25 485 690 16

Steloy - CD-6MN ASTM A890gr 3A 0,060 1,00 1,00 0,040 0,040 24,0-27,0 4,0-6,0 1,75-2,50 N0,15-0,25 450 655 25

Steloy - CE-8MN ASTM A890gr 2A 0,080 1,00 1,50 0,040 0,040 22,5-25,5 8,0-11,0 3,0-4,5 N0,10-0,30 450 655 25

STELOYCODE USA ASTM

STANDARDS

BRITISHSTANDARDS

BS 3100

YieldPoint

MPa Min


Elongation%

Min

GERMAN

STD No DIN


NOTE: Duplex stainless steels have been developed to render increased resistance to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) – particularly for deep sour wells (CI and H2S) in oil exploration. Other advantages are higher resistance against pitting – and crevice corrosion, general increased resistance to sensitisation and increased yield strength.

ASTM A890 is the specification for Corrosion Resistant Duplex Stainless Steels for general application. ASTM A995 is the specification for Duplex Stainless Steels for pressure-containing parts. By virtue of specific requirements to ensure casting integrity – materials and components manufactured in accordance with the latter specification can be applied in conditions of combined high pressures and corrosion.

ASTM A923 is the specification for standard test methods for detecting detrimental intermetallic phases in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels. It is currently only intended for mill (wrought) products. Future editions will, however, also include A890- and A995 Grade 4A (CD3MN). This specification is intended to ensure freedom of intermetallic phases – which could influence toughness and corrosion resistance detrimentally.

Cu0,5-1,0 W0,5-1,0 N0,20-0,30


9 STAINLESS STEEL AND LOW ALLOY STEELS Steel and Low Alloy Steels, Special Cast Alloys


Related International Codes

C Mn Si P S Cr Ni Mo OthersMax Max Max Max Max

STEEL AND LOW ALLOY STEELS

Steloy - WCB ASTM A216 WCB A1 1,0619 GS-C25 0,30 1,00 0,60 0,040 0,045 0,50 0,50 0,20 Cu 0,30 max V0,03 max 250 485-655 22

Steloy - LCC ASTM A352 LCC – – – 0,25 1,20 0,60 0,040 0,045 0,50 0,50 0,20 Cu 0,30 max 22

Steloy - LC2 ASTM A352 LC2 – – – 0,25 0,50-0,80 0,60 0,040 0,045 – 2,0-3,0 – – 24

Steloy - LCB ASTM A352 LCB – 1,1156 GS-Ck24 0,30 1,00 0,60 0,040 0,045 0,50 0,50 0,20 Cu 0,30 max V0,03 max 24

Steloy - LCA ASTM A352 LCA – – – 0,25 0,70 0,60 0,040 0,045 0,50 0,50 0,20 Cu 0,30 max V0,03 max 24

Steloy - C5 ASTM A217 C5 B5 1,7363 G-X12CrMo5 0,20 0,40-0,70 0,75 0,040 0,045 4,0-6,5 0,50 0,45-0,65 Cu 0,50 max W0,10 max 415 620-795 18

STELOYCODE USA ASTM

STANDARDS

BRITISHSTANDARDS

BS 3100

YieldPoint

MPa Min


Elongation%

Min

GERMAN

STD No DIN


275 485-65520J AT - 46˚C Impact

275 485-65520J AT - 73˚C Impact

240 450-62018J AT - 46˚C Impact

205 415-48518J AT - 32˚C Impact

NOTE: ASTM A216 is for steel castings, carbon, suitable for fusion welding for high temperature service. ASTM A217 is for steel castings, martensitic stainless and alloy, for pressure containing parts, suitable for high temperature service. ASTM A352 is for steel castings, ferritic and martensitic, for pressure containing parts suitable for low temperature service. ASTM A494 is for castings, nickel and nickel alloy.

SPECIAL CAST ALLOYS

Steloy - N-12MV ASTM A494 N-12MV 64%Ni, 29%Mo Steloy - CW-12MW ASTM A494 CW-12MW 17,5%Cr, 54%Ni, 17%Mo Steloy - CZ-100 ASTM A494 CZ100 95%Ni min

Steloy - M-35-1 ASTM A494 M-35-1 66%Ni, 30%Cu Steloy - IN657 2,4680 50%Cr, 48%Ni, 1%Nb Steloy - 600 2,4816 15%Cr, 76%Ni, 8%Fe

Steloy - 825 2,4858 Steloy - CrCo40 40Co, 30Cr, 20Ni, 1,5Mo21%Cr, 42%Ni3%Mo, 2%Cu, 1%Ti


10 TUNGSTEN STREET PLANT

Founded in 1990, Steloy Castings’ Tungsten Street facility is equipped with state-of-the-art technology to produce a

full range of cast iron, SG iron, nickel irons and a variety of carbon steel castings.

Equipment includes two high frequency induction furnaces each with a capacity of 1 500kg. An

ARL emission spectrometer ensures compliance with all the relevant grades of materials

and allows the analysis of materials where the specification is unknown.

Moulding facilities include a cold box machine for the semi-automated mass

production of castings from 2kg to 50kg and three resin bonded moulding lines –

light, medium and floor – for castings from 2kg to 2 200kg.

A shell moulding facility is used to produce castings to higher tolerances.

A fully automatic LP gas fired temperature heat treatment furnace with

temperature recorder, enables the heat treatment of all the various grades of materials

in-house. A fully equipped pattern shop on the premises ensures independence from outside

services.


11 GENERAL INFORMATION ON IRON BASE ALLOYS

MATERIAL GROUP METALLOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE TYPICAL APPLICATIONS ENVIRONMENT

FLAKE GRAPHITE IRONS Various size flake graphite in a mainly Pump casings, impellers, brackets, support General engineering

pearlitic structure bends, valve bodies, pulleys non-corrosive environment

SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE IRONS Ferritic matrix for lower grade. Pump casings, impellers, brackets, supports, High strength casting

Ferritic/pearlitic matrixes for intermediate bends, valve bodies, shafts, gear pulleys, applications

grades. Pearlitic/tempered martensitic chains, sprockets

structure higher grades

AUSTENITIC CAST IRONS Flake graphite austenitic Pumps, valves, furnace, piston ring carriers Corrosion resistant to alkalis, diluted acids,

for light components, bushing, alloy metal sea water, salt solution

parts, non magnetized castings

Ni-HARD MARTENSITIC CAST IRON Martensitic Pumps, mill liners, slurry pumps, pipe bends Corrosion resistant to alkalis, diluted acids

CARBON AND CARBON Ferritic/Pearlitic Pumps, valves, impellers, pipe bends, Pressure containing parts, high strength

MANGANESE STEELS brackets, supports, flanges but ductile components

LOW ALLOY STEELS Pearlitic/Martensitic Valves, brackets, shafts, furnace components For use at elevated temperatures and

higher tensile strengths


12 IRON BASE ALLOYS Flake Graphite Irons

RELATED INTERNATIONAL CODES CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (% BY WEIGHT) MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

S.A. U.S.A. BRITISH GERMAN %C %Mn %Si %P %S %Cr %Mo %Cu Others

FLAKE GRAPHITE IRONS

SABS 1034-1975 ASTM A48-03 BS 1452-1990 DIN 1691-1985

000PB10 Grade 150 Class 20 Grade 150 GG15 3,00- 0,30- 2,00- 0,25 0,12 – – – – – 150 – 150- –0,6015 3,60 0,70 2,70 max max 190



000PB17 Grade 250 Class 35 Grade 250 GG25 2,90- 0,50- 1,80- 0,20 0,12 – – 0,30 – – 250 – 180- –0,6025 3,40 0,90 2,30 max max max 220

000PB20 Grade 300 Class 45 Grade 300 GG30 2,80- 0,60- 1,60- 0,20 0,12 – – 0,30- – – 300 – 190- –0,6030 3,30 1,00 2,00 max max 0,80 250

000PB23 Grade 350 Class 50 Grade 350 GG35 2,70- 0,70- 1,50,- 0,20 0,10 0,20 – 0,50- %Ni – 350 – 200- –0,6035 3,20 1,10 1,90 max max max 1,00 0,50- 260

0,70

STELOYCODE Yield Point

MPa Min0,2%Proof


Elongation%Min

HardnessBrinell

CharpyV-Notch

Min

Castings will be supplied in the as-cast condition. Composition may vary with casting section thickness. Chemical compositions are nominal lower and upper values.Tensile strength on standard 30mm ø test bar. Tensile strength of cast on test bar will vary with casting section thickness. Hardness values will vary with casting section thickness.


13 IRON BASE ALLOYS Spheroidal graphite irons


S.A. U.S.A. BRITISH GERMAN %C %Mn %Si %P %S %Cr %Mo %Cu %Mg

SPHEROIDAL GRAPHITE IRONS

SABS 936-1969 ASTM A536-03 BS 2789-1985 DIN 1693-1977

350/22– 60-40-18 370/17 – 3,00- 0,10- 2,20- 0,04 0,02 – – – 0,02- 220 350 22 <160 17J

PNG2417 SNG 24/17 3,80 0,20 2,70 max max 0,05 at 20˚CSG38 – GGG40,3 3,00- 0,10- 2,20- 0,04 0,02 – – – 0,02- 250 400 18 <179 14J

400/18 0,7043 3,80 0,20 2,70 max max 0,05 at 20˚CSG42 65-45-12 420/12 GGG40 3,10- 0,15- 2,20- 0,04 0,02 – – – 0,02- 270 420 12 <212 –

PNG2712 SNG 27/12 0,7040 3,80 0,30 2,70 max max 0,05– – 450/10 GGG50 3,10- 0,15- 2,20- 0,04 0,02 – – – 0,02- 320 450 10 160- –

0,7050 3,80 0,30 2,70 max max 0,05 221PNG3207 SG50 80-55-06 500/7 GGG50 3,20- 0,20- 2,20- 0,04 0,02 – – 0,35- 0,02- 320 500 7 170- –

SNG 32/7 0,7050 3,80 0,50 2,80 max max 0,60 0,05 241PNG3903 SG60 – 600/3 GGG60 3,20- 0,35- 2,30- 0,04 0,02 – – 0,70- 0,02- 370 600 3 192- –

SNG 37/2 0,7060 3,90 0,60 2,90 max max 0,95 0,05 269700/2

PNG4502 SG70 100-70-03 SNG 42/2 GGG70 3,30- 0,50- 2,30- 0,04 0,02 – – 0,80- 0,02- 420 700 2 229- –SNG 47/2 0,7070 3,90 0,90 2,90 max max 1,20 0,05 302

PNG5202 SG80 – 800/2 GGG80 3,40- 0,40- 4,00- 0,04 0,02 – – 0,90- 0,02- 480 800 2 248- –4,00 0,70 5,00 max max 1,20 0,05 352

PNG5802 – 120-90-02 900/2 – 3,20- 0,40- 2,30- 0,04 0,02 – 0,30- 0,90- 0,02- 600 900 2 302- –4,00 0,50 2,90 max max 0,50 1,20 0,05 359

ASTM A897-PNG6807 – 90 A.D.I. – – 3,20- 0,40- 2,20- 0,04 0,02 – 0,30 0,70- 0,02- 700 1050 7 302- 80J

1050-700-7 3,80 0,70 2,70 max max max 1,20 0,05 363 at 22˚CASTM A897-

PNG7804 – 90 A.D.I. – – 3,20- 0,40- 2,20- 0,04 0,02 – 0,40 0,80- 0,02- 850 1200 4 341- 60J1200-850-4 3,80 0,70 2,70 max max max 1,30 0,05 444 at 22˚C

STELOYCODE Yield Point

MPa Min0,2%Proof


Elongation%Min

HardnessBrinell

CharpyV-Notch

Min

Heat treatment of castings will be done at the discretion of the manufacturer to obtain mechanical properties. Composition may vary with casting section thickness. Chemical compositions are nominal lower and upper values.Tensile, yield and elongation values applicable to 14 mm ø test bar. Hardness values applicable to the end area of the parallel portion of a 14 mm ø test bar.


14 IRON BASE ALLOYS Austenitic & Ni-hard Martensitic Cast Irons


S.A. U.S.A. BRITISH GERMAN %C %Mn %Si %P %S %Cr %Cu %Ni Others

AUSTENITIC CAST IRONS

– ASTM A436-03 BS 3468-1974 DIN 1694-1981

OPL1562 – Type 1 LNiCuCr GGL.NiCuCr 3,00 0,50- 1,00- A.L.A.P. A.L.A.P. 1,00- 5,50- 13,50- – – 170 – 140- –1562 1562 max 1,50 2,80 2,50 7,50 17,50 200

OPL1563 – Type 1B LNiCuCr GGL.NiCuCr 3,00 0,50- 1,00- A.L.A.P. A.L.A.P. 2,50- 5,50- 13,50- – – 190 – 150- –1563 1563 max 1,50 2,80 3,50 7,50 17,50 250

STELOYCODE

STELOYCODE

Yield PointMPa Min0,2%Proof


Elongation%Min

HardnessBrinell

CharpyV-Notch

Min



Elongation%Min

HardnessBrinell

CharpyV-Notch

Min

Castings will be supplied in the heat treated condition. Hardness values after heat treatment.

Castings will be supplied in the as-cast condition. Tensile strength on 25 mm ø test bar.


Ni-HARD MARTENSITIC CAST IRON

SABS 1338-1991 ASTM 532 BS 4844-1986 %Ni

NiHARD1 Grade 2B Class 1 2B – 3,20- 0,20- 0,80 0,10 0,30 1,50- – – 2,00- – – – 550 –Type A 3,80 0,70 max max max 2,50 4,00 min

NiHARD2 Grade 2A Class 1 2A – 2,80- 0,30- 0,80 0,10 0,30 1,50- – – 2,00 – – – 500 –Type B 3,40 0,70 max max max 4,00 4,00 min

NiHARD4 Grade 2E Class 1 2E – 2,80- 0,40- 1,50- 0,10 0,30 7,50- – – 4,50 – – – 600 –Type D 3,60 0,60 2,00 max max 9,00 6,00 min


15 IRON BASE ALLOYS Carbon & carbon manganese steels



CARBON & CARBON MANGANESE STEELS

SABS 1465-1988 ASTM A216-03 BS 3100-1991 DIN 1621 %Ni

00PDSA1 C2 WCA A1 GS-45 0,25 0,90 0,60 0,05 0,05 0,30 0,15 0,30 0,40 230 430 22 130- 27J1,0446 max max max max max max max max max 163 at 20˚C

00PDSA2 C3 WCB A2 GS-52 0,35 1,00 0,60 0,05 0,05 – – – 260 490 18 140- 20J1,0552 max max max max max 179 at 20˚C

00PDSA3 C4 – A3 GS-60 0,45 1,00 0,60 0,05 0,05 – – – – 295 540 14 170- 18J1,0558 max max max max max 192 at 20˚C

00PDSA4 C5 WCC A4 – 0,18- 1,20- 0,60 0,05 0,05 – – – – 320 540- 16 152- 30J0,25 1,60 max max max 690 207 at 20˚C

00PDSA5 C6 – A5 DIN17205GS-30Mn5 0,25- 1,20- 0,60 0,05 0,05 – – – – 370 620- 13 179- 25J1,1165 0,33 1,60 max max max 770 229 at 20˚C

00PDSA6 C7 – A6 DIN17205GS-30Mn5 0,25- 1,20- 0,60 0,05 0,05 – – – – 495 690- 13 201- 25J1,1165 0,33 1,60 max max max 850 255 at 20˚C

00PAW2 – – AW2 – 0,40- 1,00 0,60 0,05 0,05 0,30 0,15 0,30 0,40 325 620 12 – –0,50 max max max max max max max max

00PAW3 – – AW3 – 0,50- 1,00 0,60 0,05 0,05 0,30 0,15 0,30 0,40 370 690 8 – –0,60 max max max max max max max max

STELOYCODE



Elongation%Min

HardnessBrinell

Charpy V-Notch

Min

Castings will be supplied in either the normalized, normalized and tempered, oil quench and tempered or water quenched and tempered condition. To obtain required mechanical properties unless otherwise specified by purchaser.Mechanical tests as per specification.


16 IRON BASE ALLOYS Low alloy steels



LOW ALLOY STEELS

SABS 1465-1988 ASTM A217-03 BS 3100-1991 DIN 17245 %Ni

00000B1 – WC1 B1 GS-22Mo5 0,20 0,40- 0,20- 0,04 0,04 0,30 0,45- 0,30 0,40 260 460 18 130- 20J1,5419 max 1,00 0,60 max max max 0,65 max max 192 at 20˚C

00000B2 E1 WC6 B2 GS-17CrMo55 0,20 0,50- 0,60 0,04 0,04 1,00- 0,45- 0,30 0,40 280 480 17 140- 30J1,7357 max 0,80 max max max 1,50 0,65 max max 212 at 20˚C

00000B3 E2 WC9 B3 GS-12CrMo9-10 0,18 0,40- 0,60 0,04 0,04 2,00- 0,90- 0,30 0,40 325 540 17 156- 25J1,7380 max 0,70 max max max 2,75 1,20 max max 235 at 20˚C

00000B4 – – B4 – 0,25 0,30- 0,75 0,04 0,04 2,50- 0,35- 0,30 0,40 370 620 13 179- 25Jmax 0,70 max max max 3,50 0,60 max max 255 at 20˚C

00000B5 – C5 B5 GS-12CrMo19-5 0,20 0,40- 0,75 0,04 0,04 4,00- 0,45- 0,30 0,40 420 620 13 179- 25J1,7353 max 0,70 max max max 6,00 0,65 max max 255 at 20˚C

0000BT1 – – BT1 – 0,23- 0,70- 0,30- 0,04 0,04 0,60- 0,35- – 0,80- 495 690 11 201- 35J0,28 1,00 0,60 max max 0,80 0,55 1,20 279 at 20˚C

0000BT2 – – BT2 – 0,23- 0,70- 0,60- 0,04 0,04 0,60- 0,35- – 0,90- 585 850 8 248- 25J0,28 1,00 0,60 max max 0,80 0,55 1,30 327 at 20˚C

0000BT3 – – BT3 – 0,27- 0,70- 0,30- 0,03 0,03 0,65- 0,35- – 1,50- 695 1000 6 293- 20J0,32 1,00 0,60 max max 0,85 0,55 1,80 362 at 20˚C

STELOYCODE



Elongation%Min

Castings will be supplied in either the normalized and tempered, air hardened and tempered, oil quenched and tempered or water quenched and tempered condition. To obtain required mechanical properties unless otherwise specified by the purchaser.Mechanical tests as per specification.

HardnessBrinell

Charpy V-Notch

Min


CASTINGS FOR THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY

Introduction

Castings for the petrochemical industry usually require corrosion resistance as well as heat and

creep resistance. Corrosion resistant alloys are covered under Austenitic Cast Alloys: Corrosion

Resistant on page 4. Heat and creep resistant alloys are produced for both the heat treatment and

petrochemical industries. Due to the more expansive application of these alloys in the petrochemical

industry this will be discussed in more detail.

Castings are classified as heat resistant if they are capable of sustained operation while

exposed (intermittently or continuously) to temperatures that will result in metal

temperatures of 650°C and higher. Of paramount importance are:

• Corrosion and scaling resistance at high temperatures

• Dimensional stability, i.e. resistance to warping, cracking and thermal fatigue

• Resistance to plastic flow, i.e. creep strength.

Properties

Chromium is primarily responsible for resistance to oxidisation (scaling) and to uniform corrosion.

17 CASTINGS FOR THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY


Nickel promotes an austenitic microstructure, thereby promoting thermal shock resistance and the prevention of sigma phase formation. Nickel also

promotes resistance to excessive carburisation and nitriding. Creep strength is obtained through micro-alloying with elements like Nb, Ti and Zr,

which strengthen the material through secondary carbide precipitation. The significance of secondary carbides lies in

the fact that they actually precipitate during operation at high temperatures. Precipitation takes place – at operating

temperature – within the austenite grains, contributing to strength and creep resistance.

Further elements recently used internationally for micro-alloying are Mo, Si, W and R.E.

Steloy Castings produces the whole range of heat resistant castings as indicated in ASTM A297.

This specification is, however, only intended for general applications. Further development and modifications have

taken place, using selected ASTM A297 alloys as a basis, in order to meet the stringent conditions of the

petrochemical industry:

• ASTM A447 – the standard specification for Steel Castings, Chromium-Nickel-Iron-Alloy (25-12 Class) for High Temperature Service –

is an example where the industry, producers and designers have realised the limitations of the standard ASTM A297 Gr HH

specification. This specification is intended for (amongst others) petroleum still tube supports and similar applications up to 1095°C.

It further contains a number of mandatory and supplementary requirements aimed at ensuring sufficient casting integrity and

material properties.

18 CASTINGS FOR THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY (continued)


• Two other industry driven modifications of the original ASTM A297 specification are HK40 (i.e. HK with limitation on %C

range) and HP45 (i.e. HP with limitation on %C range). Supports, bends and tube sheets are produced for the

petrochemical industry in both these materials.

• The alloy HP45 is of further importance since it can be regarded as the basis of most of the recent material

developments for applications in the petrochemical

industry. In order to improve the creep resistance of this

material, the concept of micro-alloying and subsequent

secondary carbide precipitation has been applied extensively.

One of the alloys produced by Steloy Castings (1.4852mod) is an example of

a modified/developed Grade HP45. This alloy contains the standard (HP45) 25Cr35Ni0.45C with

micro quantities of Nb and Ti.

Components manufactured in this alloy include tube sheets, supports, hangers and similar

products for high temperature applications.


25Cr-20NiASTM A297 HK

25Cr-20Ni-0,4CASTM A351 - HK 40

25Cr-12NiASTM A297 HH

25Cr-12Ni-NASTM A447

C

25Cr-35NiASTM A297 HP

25Cr-35Ni-0,45CHP 45

25Cr-35Ni-Nb-TiSteloy 1,4852 mod

C

N

QA� Steloy HH mod

SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF APPLICATION DRIVEN ALLOY DEVELOPMENT



TYPICAL CREEP LIMITING STRENGTH (Rp1/10 000 in N/mm2)

600° 650° 700° 750° 800° 850° 900° 950° 1000° 1050° 1100°

Steloy WCB ASTM A216gr WCB 450

Steloy WC9 ASTM A217gr WC9 450

Steloy C5 ASTM A217gr C5 620 26 15 – – – – – – – – –

Steloy CF8C ASTM A743 CF8C 850 83 65 49 36 25 17 – – – – –

Steloy HF ASTM A297gr HF 900 74 58 44 33 23 15 10 – – – –

Steloy HH mod ASTM A447 1000 – – 50 36 26 18 12 9 6 4 –

Steloy HK40 ASTM A351gr HK40 1100 – – 71 53 40 28 20 13 8 5 2,2

Steloy 1,4859 ASTM A351gr CT15C 1050 98 82 62 45 33 23 16 10 6 3,1 –

Steloy HP45 ASTM A297 HP mod 1100 – – 69 53 40 30 20 14 9 6 2,8

Steloy W 2,4879 1150 – – 85 68 51 39 28 19 13 8 5

Steloy IN657 ASTM A560 950 – – 70 54 38 27 17 11 6,5 3,4 –

Steloy S333 2,4608 1150 95 80 60 45 35 20 15 8 5 2 –

Steloy 1,4852 mod ASTM A297HP mod 1130 – – 78 64 48 35 25 17 11,3 6,5 3

RELATED SPECIFICATION

MAXIMUMTEMPERATURE OF

OXIDISATIONRESISTANCE IN AIR

°C

LIMITING STRESS (in MPa) FOR 1% CREEP IN 10 000HRS AT TEMPERATURE INDICATED IN °CSTELOY ALLOY

STELOY BOOKLET 4/29/04 5:20 PM


TYPICAL CREEP RUPTURE STRENGTH (Rm 100 000 in N/mm2)

UTS YS Elong. % 600° 650° 700° 750° 800° 850° 900° 950° 1000° 1050° 1100°

Steloy WCB ASTM A216gr WCB 500 250 22

Steloy WC9 ASTM A217gr WC9 550 275 20

Steloy C5 ASTM A217gr C5 650 415 18 15 4

Steloy CF8C ASTM A743 CF8C 485 205 30 75 60 45 30 20 13 – – – – –

Steloy HF ASTM A297gr HF 485 240 25 65 50 35 25 18 12 7,5 – – – –

Steloy HH mod ASTM A447 550 – 4 – – 35 25 19 13 8 5 3 1,2 –

Steloy HK40 ASTM A351gr HK40 425 240 10 – – 57 44 30 21 15 10 6 3 1,4

Steloy 1,4859 ASTM A351gr CT15C 435 170 20 92 75 60 45 32 22 15 9 5 2 –

Steloy HP45 ASTM A297 HP mod 430 235 4,5 – – 60 44 33 23 16 11 6 3,5 1,5

Steloy W 2,4879 440 240 4 – – 70 55 42 31 22 15,5 10 6,4 3,4

Steloy IN657 ASTM A560 550 345 5 – – 62 45 30 20 13 7,5 3,5 1,5 –

Steloy S333 2,4608 550 240 30 120 75 60 38 30 17 9 6 3,5 – –

Steloy 1,4852 mod ASTM A297 HP mod 450 250 6 – – 68 55 42 32 23 16 10 5,5 2,5

RELATED SPECIFICATIONTYPICAL MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES AT ROOM TEMP.STRESS TO RUPTURE (in MPa) IN 100 000 HOURS AT TEMPERATURE INDICATED IN °CSTELOY ALLOY


1. Introduction

The design and manufacture of cast components is a complex process requiring a close partnership between designer,customer and foundry to achieve the desired result. The end product has to be clearly defined from the outset in terms ofmaterial standards, integrity levels, quantities and delivery sequence.

Benefits of choosing the casting process include the following:• Greater versatility than other metal-forming processes.• Design flexibility, which allows castings to be produced in complex and concave shapes, to various sectional thicknesses

and with hollow cavities.• It may offer the shortest route to the end product.• Most metals can be cast.• It is the most economical process.

2. Design and specifications

A wide range of international specifications is available to assist and simplify design. With clearly defined casting parameters, any design can be optimised to the best advantage ofthe customer. Care should be taken to avoid over designing or over specifying, which can be costly. Reverse engineering and stress analysis can also be done at this stage.

3. Determination of casting technique

The selected process, design and specification need to marry and complement each other. Aids such as modern simulation programmes, solidification time calculations and trialcastings are used in order to determine the correct casting technique. It is important that this is done before any pattern is made.

Quality levels are pre-set, as quality cannot be inspected into a casting at a later stage.

22 THE CASTING PROCESS



4. Moulding material preparation

Sand of varying grades is used to complement the various processes. The control, preparation, handling and mixing of sand is done to the latest international standards and modern,statistically controlled binder systems are used. Mould feeding aids are used to optimise yields and costs.

5. Pattern making

Patterns should be friendly to the foundry process and extremely accurate and stable to ensure dimensional stability. Patterns can be manufactured by hand or by using three-dimensional machines. It can be made to all sizes, shapes and degrees of complexity, for long or short runs. Materials include metal for shell moulding, soft wood for short-runjobbing moulding and fibre for long runs.

The pattern maker should:• Use the least number of cores (make self-coring).• Give all cores proper supporting prints.• Place cores in the bottom of the mould if possible.• Ensure that cores are not misplaced or inverted.• Use slip core-boxes where possible.• Mount all patterns on boards.

6. Moulding and core-making

A well-defined production control system will direct moulds and cores to the melting process in the shortest time, shortening production cycles by batching for melting and heat treatment.Sand is mixed to stringent, statistically controlled specifications and vibrated and compacted to produce moulds and cores to the highest international standards. To assist withtemperature control, closing and casting take place close to the melting facility. Shell moulding and core-making together with cold-box moulding and core-making complement self-set moulding and core-making. Any combination of these processes can be used to adhere to customer requirements.



7. Furnace charge and preparation

This involves furnace selection and size, maintenance and operation, scrap selection and handling together with alloy control and melting practices. Well formalised and documented,the charging and preparation of the furnace is scheduled and executed with precision. Stringent spectrographic control forms the basis for incoming scrap selection, and cleanlinessand sizing are of paramount importance.

8. Metal melting

Melting takes place in high frequency induction furnaces to international standards. Melting has been standardised into works instructions that are controlled by spectrographicanalysis. Refining and deoxidation is done to works instructions to optimise mechanical properties. Successful melting requires clean steel with the correct chemical composition,deoxidised at the required temperature into the mould. The chemical composition is certified for each casting.

9. Casting

Molten metal is poured into and solidified in a mould with cores to produce the required casting. Casting dimensions depend on mould dimensions as generated by the pattern, materialchemistry depends on the melt, and mechanicals depend on the melt and subsequent heat treatment. Casting integrity depends on the mould, metal, ingate and feeding system.

10. Fettling

Fettling gives the casting its final, finished appearance. If too rough, it looks unfinished, if over fettled, it will look fabricated.

11. Heat treatment

Heat treatment is conducted to promote homogeneity and enhance mechanical properties. The number of heat treatment cycles, heat treatment temperature and the cooling rateafter soaking will be determined by the alloy composition and the required final properties. Cooling rates can vary from a very slow furnace cool to a very rapid water quench but isalso subject to casting geometry.



12. Finishing

This can be done in three stages if required:• Shot blasting to clean the casting of any oxides that may have formed during heat treatment and to ensure an even surface finish.• Pickling (for stainless steel only)• Machining according to a wide spectrum of specifications.Dimensions can be certified at this stage.

13. Inspection and testing

All castings are inspected and tested to ensure adherence to prescribed standards. Methods include:• X-ray examination• Magnetic particle inspection• Dye penetrate testing• Pressure testingAll requirements can be certified.

14. Black casting

Black castings should be properly identified with heat numbers, serial numbers and order numbers. Certification must be available for traceability.


STELOY BOOKLET 4/29/04 5:20 PM Page a

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