O C T O B E R • 1 9 5 9

.A580CIATIOM

Out,

In the photo below, Harry E.Jordan (center), who retired Sep-tember 1 after 23 years as Secretaryof the American Water Works As-sociation, is presented a permanent"Mr. Water Works" emblem byLewis S. Finch, Vice-President ofthe Indianapolis Water Companyand past-president of AWWA. Thepresentation was made at the "Sa-lute to Harry E. Jordan" dinnerwhich was a highlight of the 79thannual conference in San Franciscoin July.

Mrs. Jordan (at left) is an inter-ested observer as her husband ishonored for 23 years of service dur-ing which the Association grewfrom 3000 to more than 12,500members.

Mr. Jordan was graduated fromFranklin (Ind.) College with a B.S.degree in chemical engineering, and

then joined the Indianapolis WaterCompany. In 1938 his alma materconferred on him an honorary Doc-tor of Science degree. The Asso-ciation also has established a spe-cial "Harry E. Jordan AchievementAward" at Franklin College inhonor of his long service to the in-dustry.

Our special thanks to Mr. H. Ken-neth Anderson, Chief Engineer,Bureau of Water Works, Portland,Oregon, for his fine story whichbegins on Page 4.

REMEMBER: IF YOU CHANGEYOUR ADDRESS, PLEASE LETUS KNOW. ALSO, IF YOU WISHOTHERS IN YOUR ORGANIZA-TION TO RECEIVE THE MUEL-LER RECORD, SEND IN THEIRNAMES.

I

MILLER

O C T O B E R • 1 9 5 9

Published by

MUELLER GO.512 W. Cerro Gordo St.

DecaHir, Illinois

Editor

Jim M. Miiligan

Member:Central Illinois Industrial

Editors Associationand

International Council ofIndustrial Editors

FACTORIESDecatur, Illinois

Chattanooga, TennesseeLos Angeles, CaliforniaSarnia, Ont., Canada

SALES OFFICESNew York CitySan Francisco

SINCE 1857Quality Products for the

Waterworks and Natural GasIndustries

The name MUELLER is a registeredtrademark of Mueller Co.

Contents

OUR COVER this month depicts that amiablelittle gent—Willing Water—in new form. This pertstatuette will be awarded in each AWWA section an-nually to the water utility judged to have accomplishedthe most outstanding community relations project withinthe previous eighteen months. This award is a part ofthe overall advancement awards program announcedafter the 79th annual conference in San Francisco lastJuly.

4 CITY OF ROSES . . . is an interesting narrative tracing water progress inPortland, Oregon.

10 NEW ADVANCEMENT AWARD ANNOUNCED . . . by the AWW A afterJuly conference in San Francisco.

IT PRODUCT NEWS FROM MUELLER CO.

12 PRODUCT NEWS FROM MUELLER CO.

13 WSWMA HAS NEW PR PLANS . . . announces a new public informationprogram designed to inform the voters of water and sewage needs.

14 HARRY B. SHAW RETIRES after a long career.

15 MATHEW B. BRADY: PHOTOGRAPHIC HISTORIAN . . . has a five-pageportfolio of famous photos by this early master.

22 STRICTLY OFF THE RECORD is our monthly humor presentation.

24 AN IMPORTANT MESSAGE FOR OUR READERS.

PreviewThe November-December issue of the MUELLER RECORD will reach

you just before Christmas with a cover that will add to the holiday decorof your end table or magazine rack.

It will also be full of interesting- stories and news items about both thewaterworks and natural gas industries.

With the next :issue, the MUELLER RECORD proudly begins itsFIFTIETH YEAR of publication, a year that will be commemorated by aspecial Golden Anniversary issue one year from now.

Summer view of Bull Run Lake, with Mt. Hood in the background. Adeep valley between the lake and Mt. Hood keeps glacial water from enter-ing the Bureau of Water Works supply.

"City of Roses"By

H. KENNETH ANDERSONChief Engineer

Bureau of Water Works, Portland, Oregon

Portland, Oregon, officially bornby incorporation in 1851 and namedby the toss of a coin, has exper-ienced growth, "as if by magic,"which rivals the fabled growth of"Jack and the Bean Stalk." From aprimitive pioneer village, huddledclose to the West bank of the Wil-lamette River; with mud streetsstudded with stumps which were oflittle concern to the individual ar-riving by trail, or his horse if hehad one; our "City of Roses" justlyholds an enviable place of highrank in the eyes of the informedworld. At that time, the watercourses, the Willamette and the

Columbia Rivers, were the onlyhighways of travel. They carriedthe native canoes, followed shortlyby small commercial craft so veryessential to the existence andgrowth of the community.

As of now, we see before us agreat city, covering 70 squaremiles, where over four hundredthousand people live, with half asmany more living so closely as tomake the city boundary uncertain.Our brain grows dizzy as we takeinventory of our diversified inter-ests, supported by four continentalrailroads—parts of the spider-webbed steel bands holding to-

gether the land commerce of ourcontinent; by ocean-going ships,to and from every port in theworld, having access or in need ofaccess; by truck lines, over ribbonsof concrete, to great commercialcenters and hamlets everywhere;and by sky routes unlimited, reach-ing now toward outer space. Ourimagination reels a bit, and wewonder what the next hundredyears will bring.

As desirable, as important, andas necessary to our economy as—lumber, (about 20% of the mer-chantable "green glory" of theUnited States is in Oregon); grain,millions of bushels to insure fullstomachs at home, with much tospare for Japan, India, Europe,Central and South America; cattle,uncounted, distilling the livinggreen into streams of flowing gold;sheep, to cram food lockers, and toclothe luxuriously; fruits, of everykind, unexcelled, luring all appe-tites; our attention centers on themost vital and the most valuablematerial thing existing in all thew o r 1 d—WATER; for, withoutWATER, all things die, all life ends.It replenishes the earth, making"the desert to blossom as the rose,"and it is to us literally "the staffof life."

Water, for the youthful village,was supplied first from CarruthersCreek in the Southwest Area; fromwells along the West bank of theWillamette River near to the Southcity limits; and from Balch Creekin the Northwest Area by privateparties and/or the Portland WaterCompany, from whom the PortlandWater Committee, authorized andcreated by the Oregon Legislaturein 1885, purchased its entire plant.

The Water Committee was com-posed of public-spirited business-men, leaders in their time, andsuccessful in their own right. Evenso, opposition to their plans, repre-senting their best judgment, reach-ed top levels when the Governorvetoed a bill which would haveauthorized financing of the watersupply from the Bull Run River.This he did believing that the waterin Bull Run River came directlyfrom the snow fields and glacierson Mt. Hood.

While the Governor's veto, basedon misinformation, caused delays

M U E L L E R R E C O R D

This aerial view shows downtownPortland, with the Burnside Bridgespanning: the colorful and economic-ally-important Willamette River.Notice the large off-street parking"area at the foot of the bridge.

In the beginning:, Portland was areal frontier town, cut from theheart of beautiful timberland. Noticethe stovepipe hat on the gentlemanin the left foreground.

Another view of Portland, lookingnorth along the River, showing themany dock facilities of this busyport.

This schematic view of the Bull Run Reserve shows various storage facilities and other installations of theBureau of Water Works.

in the early development of the BullRun River supply, we hasten toacknowledge what, in the light ofpresent day procedure, may be arecord in the annals of the SupremeCourt of Oregon; for a suit filedAugust 20,1886 to stop the issuanceof water bonds reached the court,was reviewed by the court, and aruling made by it in favor of thecity on November 13, 1886—lessthan 90 days after the case wasfiled in the local court.

The Water Committee, however,realizing that the Palatine HillPumping Station, built in 1886 witha capacity of 16,000,000 gallons perday, would soon be inadequate, andfurther, that the Willamette Riverwater, the then total source ofsupply, would soon be totally unfitfor domestic use for sanitary reas-ons, had directed the explorationof the Bull Run River Water Shedand other streams for a suitablewater supply. Two reports concern-ing the topography of Bull RunWater Shed were made—one, by

Frank T. Dodge, the Water Super-intendent, and one by T. M. Hurl-burt, Surveyor and Engineer, aftereach had traversed the wildernesscanyons, never before seen of rec-ord by white men, from the head-works to the source of the river.(The engineer's report, requiring10 days of mountain climbing, withthe usual pack, including food,clothing, bed-roll and camera, costthe Committee only $129.60) Thefindings, m a d e irrefutable byphotos, established the fact that nopart of the water in the Bull RunRiver comes from off the slopes ofMt. Hood, and this premise was thedetermining factor. The WaterCommittee, in full agreement, se-lected this source of supply—liter-ally a heritage which the users ofBull Run water appreciate ingreater degree as comparisons aremade with other supplies.

We would not in any way mini-mize what it meant to the Portlandarea for Captain Gray to bring hisship to anchor in the Columbia

River in 1792; the benefits accruingfrom the Lewis and Clark overlandtrek to Oregon, with the aid of thehuman compass, the native Indiangirl, "Sacagawea"—1805; the spir-itual influences credited to the mis-sions established by Jason Lee andMarcus Whitman, 1834-1846; theeducational advantages stemmingfrom Willamette University since1842; the historical significance ofthe establishment of the ProvincialGovernment at Champoeg May 2,1843—the first American Govern-ment on the Pacific Coast and togovern the only area to become apart of the United States except bypurchase or conquest; the power oflocal groups, moving the statecapitol from Oregon City to Salem,to Corvallis, and back to Salem;the romance of our becoming astate February 14, 1859 to become"The Nation's Valentine"; or themagic used to assemble and dis-perse products necessary to trans-form a village into a great city in100 years. The Water Committee,

M U E L L E R R E C O R D

however, in regular session, unat-tended by anyone other than itsmembers, and certainly withoutemotional interest or trace ofduress, had made a decision hold-ing rank with and matching theimportance of epochal historicalincidents—a decision affecting ad-vantageously, and to a marked de-gree, the health of succeeding gen-erations. (Health can be fully ap-praised only by one who has lostit.) There was no blare of trumpets,or radio or television to announcetheir action. Scarce mention wasmade of it in the weekly newspaper,for there was little or no realizationof the importance of their decisionto bring WATER from the BullRun River to the City of Portlandand adjacent areas.

Our water system had its firsttransfusion of Bull Run River waterJanuary 2, 1895, since which timeits use has vindicated the judg-ment of all who had a part in ex-ploring the water shed as a po-tential water supply, and conclud-ing that ample quantities of unex-celled-quality water were available,and would be for a long time intothe future. We, too, have faith tobelieve that until the sun fails toorbit, and the laws of nature forgetto function, there will be amplequantities of water distilled in theheavens and franked by wind-driven clouds — dwarfing man'smotor-driven air carriers—to thewater shed of Bull Run River. An-nual runoff records account formany times our present require-ments, and here is where our re-sponsibility begins, for long agoit was decreed that "Man shall havedominion over all the earth." Itis our obligation, in the course ofthings, to provide storage facilitiessufficient to insure uninterruptedservice during the time we awaitnature's deliveries.

From its inception in 1885, theWater Committee and the CityCouncil, after the adoption of theCommission form of government in1913; and in pursuit of earnestpurpose; and in the fulfillment oftheir obligations, effected sundryimprovements, each in turn impos-ing problems of a political, finan-cial or engineering significance.

The political problems did notinvolve any "handicapping" situa-

tions for the Water Committee,since its members were appointedand not subject to the processes ofelections, and the Water BureauManagement, by the Superinten-dent and Engineer, both under thedirection of the Commissioner ofPublic Utilities since 1913, hasbeen relatively free from the urgeto perform for personal advantageand/or the influence of pressuregroups seeking selfish advantage.The overall control of the WaterBureau, its operations and financ-ing, as specifically authorized byour Charter, has been exercised infull compliance with it.

Finance problems are alwayspresent. The Water Committee, in1893, issued bonds in the amountof $2,200,000, without making aplan to retire them at maturity in1923. It became necessary toamend our charter and then issue"refunding" bonds which were re-tired in 1953, sixty years after theoriginal debt was created. Thischarter amendment wisely made itmandatory that money be madeavailable out of annual revenuessufficient to retire all bonds at ma-turity. With only slight increasesin our water rates, all operationsand maintenance and all capital im-provements have been financed. Ourpresent rates are surprisingly low,compare favorably with any cityour size, are all-comprehensive andare not augmented by such sourcesas standby charges, meter rentals,fire hydrant rentals, etc. Further,out of these water revenues, autility tax amounting to $150,000and a service and rental chargeamounting to $100,000 are paidinto the city's General Fund an-nually. At the present time, ourentire plant, costing approximately$50,000,000 has an outstandingbonded obligation of only $15,200,-000.

Our engineering problems havebeen and are of absorbing interest.

We are inclined to believe thatthe acme of engineering was ex-hibited in the building of the firstheadworks, laying the first conduit,and the building of the first fourreservoirs. Starting from scratchand under most adverse conditions,the embryo of our present watersystem was established. It quickly

grew from knee pants into longpants.

To keep pace with the phenome-nal increase in the demand forwater required vital improvements,including a third and then a fourthsupply line, two large reservoirsand many tanks and standpipeswithin the city, and a steady in-crease of storage facilities in theBull Run Watershed. To these lastdevelopments and/or additions toour supply, we now direct attention.

For your information, or as arefresher to your memory, thewhole Bull Run River area wasformed by a stream of glacial ice,although it has not been determinedjust how far down the course ofthe present Bull Run River thegalciers extended. The many rockexposures are all of volcanic origin.They are disposed in more or lesscontinuous layers or strata with,as a rule, a westward inclination.In physical character, they varyfrom hard, close-textured andesiticlava to great boulder beds, many ofwhich have been cemented by fillingof ash, and other finer volcanicfragments, or of moulten lava intosolid, impervious and resistantrock.

In the Bull Run country, boulderytuffs or agglomerates are presentin considerable preponderance overthose of a straight lava type. Thereis no specific assurance that theparticular rock stratum will be con-tinous because of the intermittentand indefinite manner in which allvolcanic rocks are erupted and,after issuing, are spread out uponthe surfaces of the land.

Another factor which tends, inthis region of recent volcanic ac-tivity, to interrupt continuity ofindividual rock beds is the inclusionor breaking through of the forma-tions already in place by liquidlavas from below. In places, earth-quake disturbances produce crackswhich become lines of weaknessand individual lines of least resist-ance up through which heated lavascan rise to the surface.

The Bull Run Lake region is un-derlain by Columbia River basalt.This, too, is a variety of volcaniclava. Prior to the uplift of the Cas-cade Range, many flows of thisbasalt spread over hundreds ofsquare miles in Oregon, Washington

O C T O B E R • 1 9 5 9

and Idaho. It thus constitutes, asit were, the foundation on whichthe superstructure of the rangeeverywhere rests. Hundreds of feetof it may be seen in all major rivercanyons along both flanks of theCascades and thousands of feet ofthickness in a single section inColumbia Gorge.

Basalt is a type of lava which, inmoulten condition, is comparativelyfluid. On issuing, it spreads rapidlyand, if the volume is sufficient, asingle flow will cover many squaremiles of country. This basalt rock,encountered at river bed level, wasfound to be over 200 feet thick andnow is the foundation for Bull RunDam #1. The basalt level at thelocation of Bull Run Dam #2 is75' or 80' below the river bed, andthis was a determining factor whenit was decided to build an earth-fillstructure for Bull Run Dam #2.On account of its fluidity and quan-tity, individual and successivesheets of it travelled long distances.As a result, we can today trace theuninterrupted outcrops of separatebasalt flows, sometimes for miles.Exept where broken by later in-trusions, or by the strains of moun-tain uplift, the Columbia basalt is,as a consequence, a relatively con-tinuous formation.

Knowledge of the capers of gla-ciers, with the aid of volcanoes,over the Bull Run Watershed, en-abled our engineers to proceed in-telligently with storage of waterto be released into our conduitswhen the normal flow of Bull RunRiver in the summertime will notmeet our requirements.

At Bull Run Lake, over a nineyear period from 1917 to 1926,transportation was limited to horsepack-strings, using a 9l/2 milemountain trail. Crews, mostly col-lege students from Oregon StateCollege and University of Oregon,employed strictly hand methods(picks, shovels and wheelbarrows).They took the best available fineearth and blanketed a portion ofthe lake's bottom adjacent to theearth-fill dam which cut off a por-tion of the lake from which it wasdetermined the leakage would bemost difficult to control, if, indeed,it could be controlled. The workseason for this operation lasted

from school closing in the spring toschool opening in the fall. An aver-age of 50 men were employed. Thisdevelopment, including the earth-fill dam, blanketing a portion of thebottom of the lake and constructionof the outlet works, was designedto store three billion gallons ofcontrollable water, enough for theexcess demand at that time.

The catchment area of Bull RunLake, however, is only about fivesquare miles, and it was discoveredthat only on an average-or-betterrainfall season, we would be ableto catch enough water to fill thecontrollable area. Because of this,explorations and investigations ledto the building of Bull Run Dam#1 at Bear Creek, where it restson a basalt layer 200 feet thick.Here, nature furnished a founda-tion as if by direction of the en-gineer. Its structure and locationmet our most exacting needs. Thisproject provides storage of tenbillion gallons of water.

Since the basalt lava is too farbelow the bed of the river at thelocation of Dam #2 to use as afoundation for a concrete dam, itwas decided to build an earth-filldam. At this point, the lava flowleft a bouldery formation, rarelyseen in open cliffs, formed by loos-ening and rolling out of successiveindividual boulders and crumblingaway of the granular filling thatformerly held them together.These may have been carried in aquiet overflow of moulten liquidrock, oozing out through cracks andfiissures, or from the explosivemethod of erupting by which ma-terials are tossed or blown andprojected into the air to fall uponthe slopes of the surrounding area,where they may be further dis-tributed as mud-flows or land slips.

A contract was let with GreenConstruction Company of Seattle,and work was started early lastyear, on the tunnel and intakestructures. Borings were madethroughout the area, throughwhich tunnels on both sides of theriver were to be driven to divertthe river from the dam area. Thecontractor had the benefit of in-formation furnished by the boringoperations, and by consulting en-gineers who, on the job, "had care-fully examined the material ex-

posed in the face of the verticalcut where the tunnels were to bedriven." This information indi-cated :

That the material stands vertic-ally over a high cut and is quitedense, consisting of fine to coarsesand, pebbles and boulders;

That when cutting into the face,material stood up well, giving indi-cation that the material has goodcohesion, and that the angle ofinternal friction would probablybe considerably above 30 degrees;

That under general conditions,it could be assumed that the ma-terial should arch a short distanceabove the crown of the tunnel, andthat it would not require heavysupporting;

That by the use of heavier ma-terial in the liner plates, the H-beam ribs might be omitted—pos-sibly speeding up the erectionsomewhat and reducing the outsidediameter of the tunnel (5/16" linerplates properly installed shouldcarry 12.7 feet of ground above thecrown of the tunnel and in fullcircle should be adequate);

That the subgrade of the tunnel,only slightly above the elevation ofthe river, might, in event of aslight rise in the river, soften theground under foot-blocks, result-ing in settlement and consequenttrouble;

And that any space between theliner plates and the ground wouldneed to be backfilled with peag r a v e l , placed pneumaticallythrough holes provided in theliner plates, or grout, and mayalso include tunnel muck, all start-ing from the bottom and workingupward. Filling the overminedspace in this manner will providea bearing between the liner and theground.

Even with this information avail-able, the tunnel contractor ransmack into trouble where thewater seepage and/or water course,sorting and resorting to separatethe fine from the course, the lightfrom the heavy, and to dispose inorderly arrangement where andwhen its carrying capacity was nolonger equal to the bearing of itsload, has left a honeycombed as-sembly of detritus rocks possessingheterogenity. These nested boul-ders, with voids unfilled, resting

8 M U E L L E R R E C O R D

on a compact sand and gravelstratum, below which is a clayextending downward from the tun-nel invert to an unknown depth,made progress by the contractor's"selected method" of tunneling vir-tually impossible.

It became necessary to grout,with cement, these voids in linewith the tunnel before continuingthe tunnel drive. It is believed thatthe pursuit of this program willenable completion of the Northtunnel without any further seriousdelays. Upon its completion, wewill be in position to proceed withthe construction of the Dam #2,which, it is hoped, will be finishedin time for storing of water forthe summer season of 1961.

Then, with the storage of sixteenand one-half billion gallons in BullRun River and three billion gallonsvirtually assured in Bull Run Lake,the city's water supply will beample, well into the future, and inkeeping with past experience, andwith a well ordered plan for thefuture, we will preserve the highquality of our water.

In the meantime, we are resolvedto do everything needful to pre-serve, and to develop in keepingwith the increasing demand, awater supply richly endowed bynature.

Above right: A view of reservoirsNo. 5 and No. 6 atop Mt. Tabor inPortland. In the background is oneof the city's newer, well-plannedresidential areas.

Below right: Bull Run Dam No. 1was constructed in 1928-29, and re-mains one of the most importantparts of the Portland system.

O C T O B E R • 1 9 5 9

AWWA

New AdvancementAward Announced

NEW YORK—In recognition ofthe progress already made in itssix-month-old water utility ad-vancement program, the Board ofDirectors of the American WaterWorks Association has establisheda new awards program to recog-nize the outstanding communityrelations accomplishments in eachof the Association's 31 Sections inthe United States, Canada andCuba.

Details of the new competitionwere announced after the 79th an-nual conference, which drew a rec-ord-breaking attendance at SanFrancisco the second week in July,by Fred Merryfield, Professor ofSanitary Engineering at OregonState College, Corvallis, Oregon,and Chairman of the AWWA Ad-vancement Committee. The Asso-ciation will provide a statuette of"Willing Water" for each Sectionto present annually to the waterutility judged to have accomplishedthe most outstanding communityrelations project within the pre-vious 18 months.

"Establishment of the AWWAAdvancement Award at this timedemonstrates the gratifying re-sponse that has been given to ournew Advancement Program sinceit was officially approved by theBoard of Directors in January1959", Merryfleld said. "The Ad-vancement Award is designed tostimulate and encourage water util-ities to step up their communityrelations activities to earn morepublic support for expansion ofneed-water supply facilities. Nowfor the first time the Associationwill be able to publicly recognizethe water utilities which have ac-complished outstanding communityrelations objectives. We are surethis new competition in our 31

Sections will stimulate greaterefforts to advance our water in-dustry."

Chairman Merryfield said thatrules for the Advancement Awardwere quite specific and simple. AnyCorporate Member, municipal ser-vice subscriber or Active Memberwho is a water utility employee iseligible to submit an entry in hisSection's competition.

Each entry must be in the formof a report on accomplishments incommunity relations activities thathave shown definite results in the18-month period prior to the Sec-tion meeting. Entries may bebased on an over-all program or onactivities in one or several of thefollowing categories: Customer re-lations, press relations, cooperationwith public agencies, stockholderor governing board relations, ad-vertising, production of a local film,development of a speakers pro-gram, employee relations withinthe utility or employee participa-tion in community affairs.

To submit an entry, a utilityrepresentative must give writtennotification to his Section Ad-vancement Chairman at least twomonths prior to his Section's an-nual meeting and must deliver theentry, with supporting exhibits, tothe Advancement Chairman atleast one month before the Sec-tion meeting. Each entry shouldconsist of three basic compon-ents: (1) a statement of the ob-jectives of the project; (2) a re-view of measures adopted to attainthe objectives and (3) a report onthe results of the program. Exhib-its must be limited in size to thosesuitable for mailing.

The award program will be in-augurated in each AWWA Sectionat its first meeting after January

1, 1960. No Section will be per-mitted to make an award in anyyear in which fewer than threeentries are submitted.

Introduction of the AdvancementProgram in the Association's ac-tivities drew high praise during theSan Francisco conference, wherethe first annual AdvancementWorkshop was held. In officially ac-cepting the presidency of the Asso-ciation, Lauren W. Grayson, gen-eral manager and chief engineer ofthe Glendale, California, Public Ser-vice Department, said in part:

"Our six-month-old water utilityadvancement program is one of themost important Association con-tributions to individual membersand their communities in manyyears. Your Officers and new Boardof Directors recognize that watersupply is the most neglected publicproblem in this nation. We willmake every effort to alert the waterutility managers and the mayorsof the 18,000 communities, now de-pendent on public water supply, tothe need for community-by-com-munity campaigns to obtain publicsupport for advance planning andfinancing of expanded water facil-ities."

The reason that neither side willever win the battle of the sexes isthat there is too much fraternizingwith the enemy.

One of the hardest secrets for aman to keep is his opinion of him-self.

No excuse is as good as a satis-factory performance.

A little girl was showing herplaymate her new home. "This isdaddy's den," she explained asthey entered one room. "Does yourdaddy have a den?"

"No," was the answer, "my popjust growls all over the house."

There are bigger things thanmoney. For instance: bills!

Sign posted (but not for long) inan Albany, N. Y., hotel: "Execu-tives who have no secretaries oftheir own may take advantage ofthe girls in our stenographic pool."

10 M U E L L E R R E C O R D

. . ./or special applications

\\-\i,_^tsli«!fcj|fe;.4§||||

«neq/" infers

available

AWWA 41/4 " o r 51/4"Valve OpeningTwo or Three Way

S'/g" ValveOpening

One Way

Uses:Wherever post-type hydrant cannot be used,Airports, narrow streets, sidewalks, etc.Other restricted, heavy traffic areas

21/8" valve openingpost type

Uses:Fire protection for parks, country clubs, privateestates, etc.Water supply for contractors and streetsprinkling equipment.Flushing dead ends

These fire hydrants for special applicationsare just a part of the full line of fire hydrantsproduced for municipal, industrial and privatefire protection systems by Mueller Co.

The design and quality of these special hy-drants is exactly the same as Mueller AWWAStandard Fire Hydrants for municipal use.Compression type main valves, automatic drain

Write for complete information.

valve mechanisms and "0" ring stem seals arejust a few of the features. The only differencein the 2//s" valve opening hydrants is size.

The use of these quality features in allMueller fire hydrants is typical of the greatattention to detail in research, design and en-gineering that becomes a part of every Muellerproduct made for the water industry.

DECATUR. ILL.

Factories at: Oecatur, Chat tanooga, L o s A n g e l e s ;

In C a n a d a : Mueller, Limited, Sarn ia ,Onta r io

Sizes 2"

through 48"

designed for minimum maintenance!

"O" Ring Stem Seals . . . "O" ring at bottom providesa positive water-tight seal. Upper "O" ring seals dirtand water from bearing surfaces and acts as a reservepressure seal.

Lubricant Reservoir . . . the area between the "O"rings is filled with a special, lifetime lubricant. Each timethe valve is operated, both "O" rings and thrust collarare completely lubricated.

Heavy Bronze Stems . . . are machined from high ten-sile strength solid bronze rod for all valves up to 16".Electrically upset thrust collar improves grain structure.Valves 1 8" and larger have stems cast from extremelyhigh tensile strength manganese bronze.

Bronze Disc Rings . . . are dovetailed to become partof the disc and are then machined for precise mating withthe seat rings.

MUELLERgate valves

You can forget about the gate valvesin your water supply and

fire protection systems when they'reMueller Iron Body, Bronze Mounted

Gate Valves. All of these valves areDouble Disc, Parallel Seat type specifically

designed for water distribution piping.Long-life features, dependability

features, and ease of operationfeatures assure you of years of maintenance-

free service. These features aretypical of the great attention to

detail in research, design and engineeringthat becomes a part of every Mueller

product made for the water industry.Write for complete information.

MUELLER CO.

Four Point Wedging Mechansim . . . exerts evenpressure at four points near the outer edge of each discto eliminate disc deflection and distortion and to assuretight shut-offs.

Exclusive Disc Movement . . . discs move in an in-verted "T" manner, as shown, when valve is opened orclosed. The entire disc and wedging mechanism is heldtogether as a unit by special bronze pins passing throughinterlocking lugs that are cast integrally with each disc.This permits operation of valve in any postition. Thesepins and lugs also control the amount of disc movement.By maintaining a minimum of clearance, discs positivelyshear incrustations and deposits from seat ring uponclosing.

Opposed Wedges ... on top nut eliminate bindingor twisting of stem. Nut is free to rotate and the onlyforces on the stem are straight up or straight down.

DECATUR. ILL.

Factories at: Decatur, Chattanooga, Los Anjelss;

In Canada: Mueller. Limited, Sirnia, Ontario

lew PR PlansA national program to inform

American voters of the necessityfor enlarged water and sewage fa-cilities is being launched by theWater and Sewage Works Manu-facturer's Association as a resultof a six-month study of the prob-lems confronting the industry.

Based upon information gatheredfrom members of the industrythemselves (including water utilitymanagers), from editors, from Gov-ernment authorities and publishedmaterials, the Association con-cluded the public is ill-informedabout the requirements for localwater and sewage facilities to meetpresent and growing needs of ourpopulation.

The study showed more than $55billion dollars invested in waterand sewage plants. Yearly operat-ing costs amount to $933 millionin water industry and $284 in sew-age plants. Plant investment andexpansion over the past seven yearshas not come close to reaching re-quirements. Projected figures for1959 indicate expansion of about$1 billion dollars. To catch up withneeded improvement and expansion,work should be progressing at arate of $2.5 billion a year.

Three main objectives to theWSWMA public relations programare set forth as follows:

First—to double WSWMA busi-ness with water and sewageutilities in the next ten years

Second—to alert the 170,000,000American people—80,000,000registered voters to the needfor adequate water andsewage facilities

Third—to convince the peoplethat to insure the protectionof their own health and thehealth of their families theyshould provide the funds foradequate water and sewagefacilities at fair rates.

Several public relations testswere carried out in recent months

to find out if interest could bearoused in these problems includingthe following: A survey of the in-dustry leaders revealed majorproblems. The now famous Fortunearticle on the "Worst Public WorksProblem" was distributed to 7,500mayors and utility managers aswell as 7 hundred newspaper edi-tors.

President Lauren Grayson ofAmerican Water Works Associa-tion, was placed on the program ofthe Federation of Women's Clubsat their convention in Los Angelesin June. The facts in his speechwere released to the wire serviceswith the result that many news-papers over the country carried thestory of the problem of the needfor water and sewage utility ex-pansion.

Radio and television comentatorsreceived scripts on this subject andover 400 programs used the ma-terial. This indicated a definite in-terest in the problems and opensthe door for more material andactual placement of industry lead-ers in this media.

These testings show that: Edi-tors are by no means fully awareof the water and sewage problemsand needs; leadership groups suchas the Women's Federation willcooperate; radio and television sta-tions will use materials on thissubject; a coordinated NATIONALpublic relations program is essen-tial to increase our business andmeet existing problems.

The National Public Relationsinstrument, which the WSWMA hasadopted, will be the "NationalWater Institute." This will be the"mouthpiece" for materials. Thetheme or slogan will be: BETTERLIVING WITH BETTER WATERSERVICE."

National publicity will be dis-tributed to daily newspapers, week-ly newspapers, national magazines,1200 radio stations, 450 televisionstations, special publications andspecial films will be prepared. Alsoplanned: an editorial cartoon pro-gram to be mailed to newspaperson a monthly basis. This materialwill, for the most part, not beginappearing in the press until afternext January 1.

These wooden water mains, dug- up by workmen at Talmadg'e MemorialHospital, served Augusta, Georgia, more than 100 years ag-o. A contractorsaid they were in an excellent state of preservation. The woodpipes, oncefurnishing- Augusta its entire water supply, have not been in use for inanyyears. On the left is M. L. Lucky, City Inspector, and on the right is G. L.Higginbotham, construction superintendent for John B. Cook and Co.

O C T O B E R • 1 9 5 9 13

Harry B. Shaw Retires

i • ' ;;i

Harry B. Shaw

14

In June of this year, Harry B.Shaw, for nearly nine years theChief Engineer of the WashingtonSuburban Sanitary Commission, re-tired form active participation inhis industry. His associates hon-ored his long and creditable careerwith a dinner on June 10.

Mr. Shaw was born in Frederick,Maryland, in 1899. In 1920, he wasgraduated from Johns HopkinsUniversity with the degree ofBachelor of Engineering.

Mr. Shaw was employed by theWashington Suburban SanitaryCommission from 1920-1926 invarious capacities, the last ofwhich was assistant to the ChiefEngineer, Robert B. Morse.

His activities from 1926 until1938 included private engineeringpractice, and employment with var-ious engineering firms. He rejoinedWashington Suburban SanitaryCommission in 1938 as DeputyChief Engineer, and became ChiefEngineer in 1951.

Mr. Shaw is a member of theAmerican Society of Civil En-gineers; a member, past directorand past Executive Committeemember of the American WaterWorks Association; a member andpast chairman of the ChesapeakeSection, AWWA; and a member ofthe Inter-American Association ofSanitary Commissions. In addition,he has authored numerous articlesand papers on various subjects re-lating to the field of sanitary en-gineering.

M U E L L E R R E C O R D

Re-creations of a master

Mathew B. Brady:

Photographic Historian

How did Brady, the Civil War'sgreatest portrait photographer,shoot pictures?

He had three cameras in all tooperate with. The largest employeda 16 by 20 inch plate, the secondused a 5 by 9 inch glass plate, andthe third was a twin lens stereocamera that shot pictures in '3D'.

All his cameras used a "wetplateprocess." This system involved aglass plate 14 of an inch thick thatwas cut to various sizes. To preparethe plate for use, Brady dipped theplate into a tank solution of eggalbumen and collodion. This he didin a traveling dark room wagon,pitched just out of range of thebattlefield. The wagon nicknamedby the troops the "What's It" wasa complete mobile lab equippedwith developing tanks and sleepingquarters for Brady and his assist-ants.

The wetplate process, so popularwith Brady, had been invented byan Englishman, Scott Archer. Oncethe glass plate was dipped in thecollodion and egg albumen, a stickyemulsion formed on the glass.Brady had to be careful that nodraft of air passed over the wet-plate at this point; otherwise rip-ples would appear in the final neg-ative.

Once the plate was prepared andjust before the picture was shot,the emulsified plate was sensitizedin a bath of silver nitrate. Theplate was then put in the cameraholder and Brady rushed to thebattlefield to take his picture. Theactual shooting was an involvedprocess. The subjects had to standstill. Brady would take a cameracap off the lens, wait anywherefrom thirty seconds to a minute and

O C T O B E R • 1 9 5 9

a half to make the exposure (colddays took a longer count; hot daysa shorter one), and then rush backto his wagon to develop the glassplate. In order for the picture tocome out on the glass negative, thewetplate had to be developed andfixed within five minutes of ex-posure.

The developing process consistedof dipping the plate in a bath ofpotassium iodide and then bathingit in hypo (sodium hyposulfite).The plate was left in the hypo untilthe emulsion cleared. When thelatent image could be seen on theglass, the glass was immediatelywashed in water and hung in thesun to dry. Once dried, the glassplate was given a coat of fineartist's varnish to protect theimage.

Pictures were never printed onthe battlefield. Brady waited until

he could transport a large numberof them to his headquarters, eitherat Bealton or Petersburg, Virginia.To protect against breakage of theglass negatives Brady always shotat least three pictures of everyscene.

Back at his headquarters, theprinting process commenced. Thisinvolved placing the glass negativeface down on the sensitized paper.The two were pressed together inglass holders, set in the sun in arack to print after which the paperwas developed—a process taking inall, anywhere from ten to twentyminutes.

The results of this process arethe pictures you see in "The Amer-ican Civil War," taken by MathewB. Brady, and produced for tele-vision by the Westinghouse Broad-casting Company, Inc.

The Brady photos on the following pages are:

Page 16: President Lincoln in one of his first inauguralphotographs.

Page 17: Ford's Theatre, where Lincoln was assassinatedby John Wilkes Booth. On that fateful night, this building,with its faceless, unmemorable quality, found its place inAmerican history.

Page 18: Self-portrait of Mathew B. Brady.

Page 19: Battery D, W.S. Artillery at Fredericksburg,Virginia, prepares to fire a salvo. The soldier at right is readyto pull the string that fires the cannon.

Page 20: The crew of the Monitor, seen on the ship's deck.In the background is the famous John Ericsson revolving gunturret that revolutionized naval architecture and warfare, andended the age of wooden ships.

15

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O C T O B E R • 1 9 5 917

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Pawtucket, Rhode Island

Mueller Valve Aids

In System Improvement

Of interest in Pawtucket, RhodeIsland, recently was the installationof a 24-inch Mueller valve on a newline connecting a 24-inch force mainto the new three million gallontank.

The tank was built so that the20 million gallon equalizing reser-voir could be drained, cleaned andrepaired.

The reservoir, situated in thetown of Lincoln, Rhode Island andat the highest point in the system,was built in 1877. It had beendrained only one other time since

completion. It was constructed al-most entirely with quarried stoneof various sizes and shapes.

The accompanying photographs,according to Superintendent RayAnderson, depict " . . . one of themany improvements that are beingmade to our system. Average con-sumption is about 14 and one-halfm.g.d., with a maximum day ofaround 20 million. Pawtucket servesapproximately 130,000 people inPawtucket, Central Falls, part ofCumberland, and North Provi-dence."

At the left is Ray Anderson, Superintendent in Pawtucket, Rhode Island.Below, a 24-inch Mueller valve is installed on the new line connecting- a24-inch force main to the new three million gallon tank, which you see inthe photo at the right. Pawtucket has standardized on Mueller valves.

O C T O B E R • 1 9 5 9 21

Strictly

"I don't want to see any callersthis afternoon," said an executiveto his secretary. "If they say theirbusiness is important, just tellthem that's what they all say."

During the afternoon a womancalled and insisted on seeing him.

"I am his wife," she explained.And the secretary replied:"That's what they all say."

"Tell me, sir, who was braverthan Lancelot, wiser than Socrates,more honorable than Lincoln, wit-tier than Mark Twain, and morehandsome than Apollo?"

"My wife's first husband."

Angry wife: "John, one of thosepheasants you were shooting yes-terday called and left her number."

A small boy debunked the talkin his neighborhood about a pain-less dentist. "He's not painless atall," said the youngster. "He puthis finger in my mouth and I bitit and he yelled just like anybodyelse!"

Thorndyke

"You say all of the report cardswill be on microfilm from now on?"

COPYRIGHT CARTOONS-OF-THE-MONTK

By the time a man gets oldenough to watch his step, he isn'tgoing anywhere.

Anyone who has ever climebdthe streets of San Francisco willappreciate Warner Anderson's ob-servation: "The wonderful thingabout this city is when you gettired you can always lean againstit."

"It is a statistical fact," said thewoman lecturer, "That there are30 percent more men in mentalhospitals than women."

A little man in the back rowleaped up and yelled, "Okay, okay,but who put them there?"

Judge: "Who was driving whenyour car collided with the otherone?"

Drunk: "I don't know, offisher.We were all in the back seat."

These days, a bargain is any-thing you have enough money tobuy.

*What this country needs is a

good five-cent anything!

By the time he whispers "Weare made for each other" she isalready planning alterations.

These economic terms aren'treally so hard to understand. A"readjustment" is when your neigh-bor loses his job. A "recession" iswhen you lose your job. A "de-pression" is when your wife losesher job.

*For more than a year a man had

eaten at a small restaurant whosesign read "Mary's Home Cooking."Never once, however, had he seenMary. Finally, his curiosity gotthe better of him and he said tothe waitress, "I've been havinglunch here for a long time andMary is never around. Where isshe?"

"She's just where the sign saysshe is, Mister," the waitress an-swered. "Home cooking."

Character: To have the sameailment the other person is describ-ing — and not to mention it.

22 M U E L L E R R E C O R D

Efficiency Expert: A man whowaits to make up a foursome beforegoing through a revolving door.

Suburbia: A place where peoplewait for their kids to grow up sothey can move back to the city.

Inflation: Something that cost$5 to buy a few years ago and nowcosts $10 to repair.

Scientists tell us the averageman now lives 32 years longer thanin 1800. The poor guy has to—inorder to get his bills paid.

No one can deny that a yawnmay be bad manners—but at leastit's an honest opinion.

Middle age is the time of lifewhen your idea of getting ahead isto stay even.

Civilization is a system underwhich a man pays a quarter topark his car so he won't be fineda dollar while spending a dime fora nickel cup of coffee.

Many a man is enough of a dopeTo be easily cleaned by the useof soft soap.

COPYRIGHT CARTOONS- OF-THE-MONTH

"Stand back! Don't get caught in the suction!"

"Pardon me,putting yourwards?"

"Some cowboydon't even knowheaded!"

sir, but aren't yousaddle on back-

you are! Youwhich way I'm

Thorndyke

COPYRIGHT 195» CA RTOONS-OF-TH E-MONTH

"Will you forget that girl friend of yours, already!"

O C T O B E R • 1 9 5 9

A man took his great dane to avet. "Doctor," he said, "you've gotto do something. My dog doesnothing but chase sports cars."

"Well, that's only natural," saidthe doctor. "Most dogs chase cars."

"Yes," the man agreed. "Butmine catches them and buries themin the back yard!"

The president of a large corpora-tion has instructed his personneldepartment to step up the hiringof personable young men. He sayshe's convinced it's the only waythe company can attract secretar-ies.

One of the most difficult thingsto give away is kindness, for itusually is returned.

Small boy in barber's chair: "Iwant my hair cut like my daddy's—with a hole on the top."

Two things in life I've had andample:

Good advice and bad example.

23

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Permit No. I

''Quick., Miss Jones! Send my new title and address change

to the Mueller Record editor so I won't miss

next month's issue!"