a.a b.b c.c section 1-polling questionsection 1-polling question in which of the colonies do you...
TRANSCRIPT
A. A
B. B
C. C
In which of the colonies do you feel would be the best place to live?
A. The New England Colonies
B. The Middle Colonies
C. The Southern Colonies
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Chapter 4 Growth of the Thirteen Colonies (1607-1770)
Section 1 Life in the Colonies
Chapter Time Line
Chapter Time Line
How did geography affect the economic development of the three colonial regions?
The Colonial Regions• Were very different• Were as different as “fire and
water”• Still they continued to grow• 1700- 250,000 • 1770’s- 2,500,000• African Americans- 28,000 to
more than 500,000• Immigration increased• Most lived in cities• New York, Philadelphia,
Charles Town, Savannah, and Newport
• Freedom of worship was allowed here
New England Colonies• Most people lived in well
organized towns• Meetinghouse- church and
town meetings• Citizen army trained• Farms were smaller• New England had a poor
growing season and rocky soil
• Farmers practiced subsistence farmingsubsistence farming
• Just enough to meet their families needs
• Most Northern farmers reliedrelied on their children for labor
Commerce in New England• Commerce= trade• Many small businesses• Water ran mills for grinding
grain or sawing lumber• Women made cloth,
garments, candles, and soap for their families
• Sometimes to sell• Large towns attracted skilled
craftspeople• Blacksmiths, shoemakers,
furniture makers, gunsmiths, metalsmiths, and printers
• Shipbuilding was important• Fishing and whaling was very
important
Colonial Trade• Northern coastal cities were
the centers of trade• Linked Northern Colonies
with Southern Colonies• Also linked to other parts of
the world• New England ships traded
with the West Indies and across the Atlantic Ocean
• Followed different trading routes
• England and back• Triangular tradeTriangular trade• Example: Rum to Africa• Slavery was very common in
the West Indies
A. A
B. B
C. C
Which part of the coast was the center of the shipping trade?
A. Southern coastal cities
B. Northern coastal cities
C. Coastal cities on the Gulf of Mexico
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The Middle Passage• Enslaved Africans first went to a
European Fort on the West African coast
• Tied together with ropes around their necks and hands
• Branded• Forced on a ship• Trip across Atlantic is called the
Middle PassageMiddle Passage• A young African Olaudah
Equiano described his journey:• “So crowded that each had
scarcely room to turn himself, almost suffocated us…”
• Chained together for more than a month
More Middle Passage• Could hardly sit or stand• Given little food or water• Africans that died or
became sick were thrown overboard
• Those that refused to eat were whipped
• When they reached American ports they went to the slave market
• Examined and prodded• Sold as laborers• Between the 1400s and
mid 1800s about 12 million were forcibly transported to the Americas
The Middle Colonies• Better soil and growing
season than New England• Farms produced bigger
harvests• Grew wheat and other
cash cropscash crops• New York and Philadelphia
sold these crops and became busy ports
• NY- 18,000 people Phily- 24,000 largest cities in the colonies
A. A
B. B
C. C
Which two cities were the largest in the American colonies by 1760?
A. New York and Philadelphia
B. Charles Town and Savannah
C. Newport and Cambridge
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Industries in the Middle Colonies• Some home based- carpentry
and flour making• Others larger- lumbering,
mining, and small scale manufacturing
• Iron mills• Many were German
immigrants• 100,000 Germans came to
America during the colonial era• Most in Pennsylvania• Great diversity in the Middle
Colonies• Germans, Dutch, Swedish,
and other non-English
The Southern Colonies and Slavery• Good growing season and
soil• Most settlers made their
living from farming• Little commerce or
industry• Tobacco was the
principalprincipal cash crop of Maryland and Virginia
• Most sold in Europe• Planters tried to use
indentured servants• Too expensive and scarce• Began using enslaved
Africans
Tobacco and Slavery
• Slaveholders grew wealthy from tobacco
• SurplusSurplus sometimes made prices fall
• This caused some farmers to grow other crops (corn and wheat)
South Carolina and Georgia• Main cash crop was rice• Created rice fields called
paddies• Work was very hard• Standing knee deep in
mud all day• Blazing sun• Biting insects• Relied on slave labor• Rice was even more
profitable that tobacco• Rice became popular in
Europe and price rose
Tidewater• Most Southern plantations
were located on the TidewaterTidewater
• Flat, low-lying plains along the seacoast
• Located on rivers so they could take crops to market by boats
• Each plantation was a self-contained community
• Planter’s wife supervised the house and house servants
• Plantation included slave cabins, barns, and stables
• Also blacksmith shops, storerooms, and kitchens
• Maybe even a chapel and school
BackcountryBackcountry• Toward the Appalachian
Mountains• Small farms- grew tobacco
and corn• Worked alone or with their
families• May have 1 or 2 slaves• Small farmers
outnumbered the plantation owners
• Plantation owners were very wealthy and had more influence
• Plantation owners controlled economic and political life in the region
Slavery• Most slaves lived on plantations• Most worked in fields and suffered
great cruelty• OverseersOverseers kept slaves working
hard• 1705- Virginia created slave codesslave codes• Strict rules that governed the
behavior and punishments of slaves• Couldn’t leave plantations without
written permission• Could not meet in large groups• Allowed whipping slaves• For serious crimes, owners could
hang or burn to death the slave• Slaves that ran away were
punished severely
African Traditions• Enslaved African
families were torn apart
• Turned to African roots
• Some learned trades- carpentry, blacksmithing, or weaving
• Some were able to buy their freedom
Criticism of Slavery• Most white
Southerners were NOT slaveholders
• Some did not believe in slavery
• Less support in Northern colonies
• Puritans refused to own slaves
• Quakers condemned slavery
How did geography affect the economic development of the three colonial regions?
-New England: Harsh Climate and rocky soil led to subsistence farming; coastal location led to shipbuilding and other industries, fishing, and trade
-Middle Colonies: fertile soil and milder climate led to larger farms and cash crops; availability of natural resources led to small-scale manufacturing, lumbering, and mining; good ports allowed trade.
- Southern Colonies: Rich soil and warm climate led to large farms, cash crops, the development of the plantation system, and an economy based on slavery.
Chapter 4 Section 1 Quiz
Which of the following means producing just enough to meet the families' needs, with
little left over to sell or exchange?
har
vest
ing
subsi
sten
ce fa
rmin
g
cas
h cro
p
Tid
ewat
er fa
rmin
g
25% 25%25%25%A. harvesting
B. subsistence farming
C. cash crop
D. Tidewater farming
The most inhumane aspect of the triangular trade was the
South
ern R
oute
.
mer
chan
t tra
de ro
ute.
Mid
dle P
assa
ge.
fish
ing tr
ade.
25% 25%25%25%A. Southern Route.
B. merchant trade route.
C. Middle Passage.
D. fishing trade.
Where were most of the large Southern plantations located?
bac
kcou
ntry
Tid
ewat
er
coas
tal a
reas
flat
land
s
25% 25%25%25%A. backcountry
B. Tidewater
C. coastal areas
D. flatlands
The plantation bosses who kept the enslaved Africans working hard were called
ove
rsee
rs.
sla
vehold
ers.
em
ploye
rs.
super
viso
rs.
25% 25%25%25%A. overseers.
B. slaveholders.
C. employers.
D. supervisors.
Which group controlled the economic and political life of the Southern Colonies?
mer
chan
ts
teac
hers
farm
ers
pla
ntat
ion o
wners
25% 25%25%25%A. merchants
B. teachers
C. farmers
D. plantation owners
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