aa241a – introduction to aircraft design, synthesis, and analysis
TRANSCRIPT
AA241a – Introduction to Aircraft Design, Synthesis, and Analysis Fall Quarter 2014-‐15
Course Website http://adl.stanford.edu/aa241 Instructors Juan J. Alonso Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics Durand Building, Room 252 [email protected] Tim MacDonald (CA) Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics Durand Building [email protected] Course Description New aircraft systems emphasizing commercial aircraft. Economic and technological factors that create new aircraft markets. Determining market demands and system mission performance requirements; optimizing configuration to comply with requirements; the interaction of disciplines including aerodynamics, structures, propulsion, guidance, payload, ground support, and parametric studies. Applied aerodynamic and design concepts for use in configuration analysis. Application to a student-‐selected aeronautical system; applied structural fundamentals emphasizing
fatigue and fail-‐safe considerations; design load determination; weight estimation; propulsion system performance; engine types; environmental problems; performance estimation. Direct/indirect operating costs prediction and interpretation. Aircraft functional systems; avionics; aircraft reliability and maintainability. Prerequisites: AA100 or equivalent. Terms: Aut | Units: 3 | Grading: Letter (ABCD/NP) | Instructors: Alonso, J (PI) What this really means This is the first graduate-‐level course in Aircraft Design in the Aero & Astro Department and is usually taken by students with an interest in the overall view of the design process. AA241 is a two-‐course sequence taught in the Winter and Spring quarters in which each student is responsible for the complete design of a specific type of aircraft (chosen among a few options). This design is iteratively redefined as additional information is provided. In the last part of the course, multidisciplinary optimization is carried out to improve the performance of the flight vehicle. For the past 10 years, a third course in the sequence, AA241x, is also taught during the Spring Quarter. In this course teams of students design, build, and fly an autonomous aircraft in 10 weeks. AA241 addresses the system perspective in aircraft design. A fundamental understanding of each of the participating disciplines is provided, but emphasis is placed on the interactions between different disciplines resulting from changes in any portion of the design. Because of the system approach followed, a wide variety of topics are covered. Due to time constraints, some of these topics are presented without rigorous mathematical derivations. In these cases, references are provided for the interested reader. AA241a focuses on the design requirements, the aerodynamics, and the stability and control characteristics of the flight vehicle, while AA241b ventures into the areas of propulsion, structures, loads, performance, and optimization. To obtain the maximum benefit from this course sequence, students are encouraged to register for both courses. However, the syllabus has been designed to allow for the possibility that some students may only register for the first portion of the course. For this purpose, the conclusion of AA241a is the conceptual design of an aircraft that makes sense, from a layout and aerodynamic point of view. This design is subject to redesign in AA241b once a better idea of the total weight and loads on the structure is formed. Problem sets will be assigned in an almost weekly basis and may contain short computational assignments that can usually be completed with the software provided in the course. Collaborative work is allowed at a discussion and basic methodology level, but we will ask you to compute and write out the solutions for all
problem sets independently. The result of AA241 should represent individual efforts only. There will be both midterm and final exams in AA241A. The midterm will not carry a heavy weight in the determination of the course grade (20%), but will serve as a check on your progress in the class up to that point. The homework problems and the final exam will be given significant weight and are the most important parts of the class. We will pay particular attention to your approach to the solution of homework assignments. Work beyond the problem set requirements will be considered for extra-‐credit. In AA241B, the midterm and final exams will be replaced by a final presentation and report so that the final grade will depend on the problems sets (55%) and the final report/presentation (45%). Finally, we will routinely assign or provide you with reading materials for the next lectures. Whenever possible, these materials will be available at this Web site. In order to keep up with the topics discussed in class, in an ideal world, you will have read these materials before lecture. You may have heard this many times before, but it is particularly important in this course because of the nature of the subject. Grading Policy The course will be graded according to the following guidelines:
• Homework: 45% • Midterm Exam: 20% • Final Exam: 30% • Class Participation: 5%
Teamwork Policy In AA241 you are encouraged to discuss potential approaches to solving problems in teams of students, but the actual solution and writeup for each assignment is meant to represent the individual work of each students. The outcome of AA241a/AA241b is an individual aircraft design that is your very own. Identical aircraft designs carried out in teams will not be accepted. Assignments There will be a total of 7-‐8 assignments in AA241a. Assignments will be typically given out on Thursdays during class time and will be due the following Thursday by 5 pm, outside of Prof. Alonso’s office (Durand 252). Please note the due date of each assignment on the assignment itself as due dates may vary.
Tentative Syllabus
Date Lecture Topic Problem Set Due 9/23 Intro to AA241, Aircraft Design History 9/25 Aircraft Origins, Markets, Types, Future Aircraft 9/30 Design Requirements and Objectives
Design Problems for AA241 Project Selection
10/2 Aircraft Design Methodology, Optimization, MDO, Configuration Layout
10/7 Drag:Intro, Skin Friction and Form Drag 10/9 Induced Drag Fuselage Layout 10/14 Compressibility, Transonic, and Supersonic Drag 10/16 Airfoils: Introduction Fuselage Drag 10/21 Airfoil Design 10/23 Wing Aerodynamics Airfoil Design 10/28 Midterm Exam 10/30 High-‐Lift Systems and CLmax 11/4 High-‐Lift Systems and CLmax (II) Wing Design 11/6 Stability and Control: Introduction 11/11 S&C: Basic Tail Sizing and Design CLmax 11/13 S&C: Requirements and analysis 11/18 Trim Drag, Tail Design 11/20 Control Systems, Unconventional Layouts 11/25 Thanksgiving Recess Tail Layout 11/27 Thanksgiving Recess 12/2 Modern Aircraft Design Requirements Polar, Stability 12/4 TBD Class Mailing List A class mailing list, aa241a-‐class, has been created so that we can all communicate. If you plan on taking this course, please sign up for it as soon as possible. In order to sign up for a mailing list, simply go to: http://lists.stanford.edu and follow directions in the “Subscribe or unsubscribe to a list” box. Enter “aa241a-‐class” and follow directions. You may have to respond to a confirmation email from the system in order to complete the mailing list sign-‐up process, depending on your settings.