সমসযা ব্যাব্থাপনা প্লাসপপএম+)...5 wcgg+ pig...

Problem Management Plus (PM+)

Individual Psychological Help for Adults Impaired by

Distress in Communities Exposed to Adversity

সমসযা ব্যাব্স্থাপনা প্লাস (পপএম+)

চরম পব্পদাপন্ন কপমউপনটির দদুদশাগ্রস্ত প্রাপ্তব্য়স্কদদর জনয

ব্যাক্তিগত মনস্তাপিক সসব্া

সমসযা ব্যাব্স্থাপনা প্লাস (পপএম+)

চরম পব্পদাপন্ন কপমউপনটির দদুদশাগ্রস্ত প্রাপ্তব্য়স্কদদর জনয

ব্যাক্তিগত মনস্তাপিক সসব্া

Published by the World Health Organization in 2016

under the title [Problem Management Plus (PM+) : Individual Psychological Help for Adults

Impaired by Distress in Communities Exposed to Adversity]

© World Health Organization 2016

The World Health Organization has granted translation and publication rights for an edition in

Bengali to Action Against Hunger, which is solely responsible for the quality and faithfulness of

the Bengali translation. In the event of any inconsistency between the English and the Bengali

edition, the original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition.

সমস্যা ব্যাব্স্থাপনা প্লাস (পপএম+) : চরম পব্পদাপন্ন কপমউপনপির দুদদশাগ্রস্ত প্রাপ্তব্য়স্কদদর জন্য ব্যাপিগত মনস্তাপিক সসব্া

© Action Against Hunger 2020

পব্শ্ব স্বাস্থয সংস্থা এই ডকুদমন্িপি ব্াংলা ভাষায় অনুব্াদ ও প্রকাশনার জন্য একশন এদগইন্সি হাঙ্গার-সক অপিকার অপদন কদরদে , ব্াংলায় যার মান ও যথাথদতার জন্য সকব্ল এই প্রপতষ্ঠানই দায়ী। ইংদরপজ ও ব্াংলা সংস্করদের মদিয সকান িরদনর অসঙ্গপত থাকদল মূল ইংদরপজ সংস্করেই হদব্ ব্ািযতামূলক ও প্রামান্য সংস্করে।

2 wcGg+ Pig wec`vcbœ KwgDwbwU `y ©̀kvMÖ¯Í cÖvßeq¯‹‡ì Rb¨ e¨w³MZ gb¯ÍvwË¡K †mev

mgm¨v eë ’̄vcbv cøvm (wcGg+)

Pig wec`vcbœ KwgDwbwUi ỳ`©kvMÖ¯Í cÖvßeq¯‹‡ì Rb¨ e¨w³MZ

gb¯ÍvwË¡K †mev

g„ ỳ-gvÎvi gb¯ÍvwË¡K B›Uvi‡fbkb wmwiR - 1


†jLKt

Acknowledgements Project coordination The PM+ project is coordinated by Mark van Ommeren under the direction of Shekhar Saxena (Director, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse).

Writing and conceptualization This manual has been written by Katie Dawson (University of New South Wales (UNSW)). PM+ has been conceptualized by Mark van Ommeren (WHO), Richard Bryant (UNSW), Katie Dawson (UNSW), Melissa Harper (WHO), Alison Schafer (World Vision International) and Alvin Tay (UNSW).

Review The following people have reviewed the manual and/or the concept paper that formed the basis for it: Nancy Baron (Psycho-Social Services and Training Institute), Pierre Bastin (International Committee of the Red Cross), Jonathan Bisson (Cardiff University), Dan Chisholm (WHO), Neerja Chowdhary (Sangath), Rachel Cohen (Common Threads), Pim Cuijpers (VU University Amsterdam), JoAnne Epping-Jordan (Seattle, USA), Steve Fisher (Basic Needs), Michelle Funk (WHO), Claudia Garcia-Moreno (WHO), Steven Hollon (Vanderbilt University), Sarb Johal (Massey University), Dayle Jones (WHO), Lynne Jones (Harvard School of Public Health), Mark Jordans (Healthnet TPO), Berit Kieselbach (WHO), Annet Kleiboer (VU University Amsterdam), Roos Korste (Amsterdam, the Netherlands), Aisyha Malik (University of Oxford), Anita Marini (Rimini, Italy), Laura Murray (Johns Hopkins University), Sebastiana Nkomo Da Gama (WHO), Bhava Poudyal (Baku, Azerbaijan), Atif Rahman (University of Liverpool), Alison Schafer (World Vision International), Marian Schilperoord (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)), Yutaro Setoya (WHO), Marit Sijbrandij (VU University Amsterdam), Renato Souza (University of São Paolo), Wietse Tol (Johns Hopkins University), Peter Ventevogel (UNHCR), Helena Verdeli (Colombia University), Inka Weissbecker (International Medical Corps), Valérie Wisard (Geneva, Switzerland), Taghi Yasamy (WHO), Bill Yule (King’s College London) and Doug Zatzick (University of Washington). The following people have reviewed the accompanying training material (available upon request): Nancy Baron (Psycho-Social Services and Training Institute), Neerja Chowdhary (Sangath) and Nina Josefowitz (University of Toronto).

Abyev`K:

A¨vKkb G‡Mb&÷ nv½vi

g~j ch©v‡jvPbvKvix- A¨vKkb G‡Mb&÷ nv½v‡ii c‡ÿ:

wgZv ivwb ivq †PŠayix, bvCgv RvbœvZ, †gvt mv‡jK Avn‡g`, gy³v Rvnvb evby, ïå wek¦vm, wRbvZ Rvnvb,

‡hvev‡qi †gvwgb|

Ab¨vb¨ ch©v‡jvPbvKvix t

†Rmvb Aviv (ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vjq), Zvnwgbv nK (Iqvb ÷c µvBwmm †m›Uvi, XvKv †gwWK¨vj K‡jR),

ïå cÖKvk †` (AvBIGg- AvšÍR©vwZK Awfevmb ms ’̄v), |


m~wPcÎ

Aa¨vq 1t cUfzwg ..........................................................................................................6

Aa¨vq 2t mgm¨v eë¯’vcbv cøvm (wcGg+) B›Uvi‡fbkb...........................................................13

Aa¨vq 3t †gŠwjK mnvqZvi `¶Zvmg~n ...............................................................................18

Aa¨vq 4t (wcGg+) A¨v‡mm‡g›U .......................................................................................29

Aa¨vq 5t `y`©kv Abyaveb Ges wcGg+ B›Uvi‡fbkb ...............................................................35

Aa¨vq 6t gvbwmK Pvc eë¯’vcbv........................................................................................40

Aa¨vq 7t mgm¨vmg~n eë¯’vcbv..........................................................................................44

Aa¨vq 8t ïiæ Ki, GwM‡q hvI...........................................................................................54

Aa¨vq 9t mvgvwRK mnvqZv e„w×KiY ...................................................................................62

Aa¨vq 10t fv‡jv _vKv I mvg‡b †`Lv..................................................................................67

cwiwkó Kt cÖvK-wcGg+ A¨v‡mm‡g›U ...............................................................................73

cwiwkó Lt wcGg+ PjvKvjxb A¨v‡mm‡g›U ..........................................................................87

cwiwkó Mt wcGg+ cieZ©x A¨v‡mm‡g›U ................................................................................91

cwiwkó Nt AvZ¥nZ¨vi SzuwKc~Y© wPšÍvfvebv‡K A¨v‡mm‡g›U Ges Zvi cÖwZwµqvKiY............................95

cwiwkó Ot K¬v‡q›U n¨vÛAvDU..............................................................................................97

cwiwkó Pt Kíbv Kiv Ab¨‡K wKfv‡e mvnvh¨ Kiv hvq - †Km Gi D`vniY.....................................103

cwiwkó Qt wcGg+ B›Uvi‡fbkb †cÖv‡UvKj...........................................................................109


Aa¨vq 1

cUf~wg

mgm¨v eë ’̄vcbv cøvm (wcGg+) B›Uvi‡fbkb

cÖvßeq¯‹‡ì Rb¨ GB msw¶ß g‡bv‰eÁvwbK wPwKrmv c×wZ‡K Avgiv mgm¨v eë¯’vcbv cøvm (wcGg+) ewj| 2wU g~j¨vqb

†mkb mn mßv‡n GKwU K‡i †mkb mn †gvU cuvP mßvn ch©šÍ wPwKrmv P‡j| me †mkbB e¨w³MZ|1 K¬v‡q›U hw` Pvq

Zvn‡j wPwKrmvi †¶‡Î K¬v‡q‡›Ui cwievi Ges eÜyiv hy³ n‡Z cv‡i| GB wPwKrmvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q mgm¨v eë¯’vcbv

(wcGg) (GQvovI GwU mgm¨v mgvav‡bi-KvD‡Ýwjs A_ev mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †_ivwc wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ) Ges Ab¨vb¨ (+)

wbe©vwPZ AvPiY c×wZ| †m Kvi‡YB G‡K wcGg+ e‡j| GB ‡KŠkjmg~n mgš̂q K‡i, GB Kvh©µ‡gi j¶¨ nj m¤¢ve¨

gvbwmK (†hgbt gvbwmK Pvc, fq, Amnvq AbyfzwZ) Ges ev¯Íe mgm¨vmg~n (†hgbt RxweKvi mgm¨v, cvwievwiK Ø›Ø

BZ¨vw`) DfqB wPwýZ Kiv|

K¬v‡q›U †h mgm¨v¸‡jv wb‡q wPwšÍZ †m¸‡jv Kgv‡bvB wcGg+ Gi j¶¨| ỳ`©kvi Kvi‡Y GKRb gvbyl †h mgm¨vi ga¨ w`‡q

hvq Zvi me¸‡jv GB msw¶ß wPwKrmv c×wZi gva¨‡g †gvKv‡ejv Kiv m¤¢e bq|2 †m Kvi‡Y GUv‡K Ab¨vb¨ Dchy

mn‡hvwMZvi cvkvcvwk eënvi KivB DËg| AvBGGmwm (2007) Avc`Kvjxb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z gvbwmK ¯v̂ ’̄¨ I g‡bvmvgvwRK

mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi bxwZgvjv‡Z Ab¨vb¨ Dchy³ mn‡hvwMZv m¤c‡K© eY©bv Kiv i‡q‡Q|3

wcGg+ wewfbœ ai‡bi Av‡eMxq mgm¨vi Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx| GwU gvbwmK †ivM wbY©‡qi mv‡_ hy³ bq hwÌ GwU welYœ cÖK„wZi

I DwØMœZv †iv‡M AvµvšÍ gvby‡li mnvqZvq eëüZ nq|

GB g¨vbyqvjwU Ry‡o Avgiv Òmgm¨v mgvav‡bi KvD‡ÝwjsÓ K_vwU eënvi bv K‡i Òmgm¨v eë¯’vcbvÓ kãwU eënvi

K‡iwQ| Gi KviY nj K¬v‡q›Uiv cÖwZwbqZ A‡bK mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq †h¸‡jvi mgvavb Kiv KwVb| D`vnib¯îƒc, Zv‡ì

mgm¨vi Dci nq‡Zv mvgvb¨ A_ev †Kvb wbqš¿YB _v‡K bv, †hgbt hy×, mv¤c Ö`vwqK mwnsmZv A_ev `xN©Kvjxb `wi`ªZv|

Òeë¯’vcbvÓ kãwU eënv‡ii gva¨‡g Avgiv Avkv KiwQ †h, mnvqZvKvix Ges K¬v‡q›U DfqB eyS‡e †h hLb mgm¨v¸‡jv

mgvavb Kiv h‡_ó RwUj, †m‡¶‡ÎI mgm¨vi cÖfve †_‡K gy³ _vKvi Dcvq Av‡Q|

GUv GKwU †idv‡iÝ g¨vbyqvj hv cÖwk¶Y Ges ZË¡veavb Gi ga¨ w`‡q eëüZ nvq| Gi g‡a¨ GKwU wPwKrmvi Lmov

i‡q‡Q (cwiwkó Q) †hwU mvnvh¨Kvix‡ì‡K cÖ‡Z¨KwU †mkb Pvwj‡q hvIqvi w`Kwb‡ ©̀kbv †`q| GB g¨vbyqvj cÖ‡Z¨KwU

†KŠk‡ji we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bvi mv‡_ mv‡_ †m¸‡jv Avcwb Avcbvi K¬v‡q‡›Ui Kv‡Q wKfv‡e my›ìfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Ki‡Z cv‡ib

Zvi eY©bvI i‡q‡Q| hwÌ ïaygvÎ g¨vbyqvjwU covB †KŠkj¸wj m¤c‡K© Rvbvi Rb¨ h‡_ó bq| ïaygvÎ ev Í̄em¤§Z

cÖwk¶Y Ges ZË¡veàv‡bi gva¨‡gB GB g¨vbyqv‡ji eënvi K‡i GKRb mnvqZvKvix n‡q DVv m¤¢e|

1 WweøDGBPI GB g¨vbyqv‡ji MÖæc ms¯‹iY cixÿv Ki‡Q, bvg wcGg+ MÖæc, hv cÖvßeq¯‹‡ì †ÿ‡ÎI cÖ‡hvR¨|

AwaKš‘, eqmwÜÿ‡Y _vKv wK‡kvi‡Ì RbÏ GKwU ms¯‹iY ˆZwi I cixÿv Kiv n‡e|

2. D”P gvÎvi A¨vj‡Kvnj ev Ab¨vb¨ gv`K eënvi RwbZ mgm¨v i‡q‡Q, Ggb mgv‡R Avcbvi mxwgZ B›Uvi‡fbkbmn

wcGg+ c~i‡Yi cÖ‡qvRb co‡Z cv‡i|

3. AvBGGmwm (2007) bxwZgvjvi kZ© †g‡b wcGg+ Ò‡dvKvmW mvB‡Kv‡mvk¨vj mv‡cvU©ÓGi mv‡_ hy³ n‡q‡Q

(†hgb, AvBGGmwm B›Uvi‡fbkb wcivwg‡Wi †j‡fj 3)


†h wRwbm¸‡jv AšÍf©z³ Kivi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q t

(K) †gŠwjK mnvqZvi `¶Zv¸wj Ges wcGg+ Gi †KŠkj¸wj m¤c‡K© wk¶Y;

(L) †ivj-†cø Gi gva¨‡g Gme `¶Zv¸‡jv I †KŠkj¸‡jv Abykxjb Kiv Ges K¬v‡q‡›Ui mv‡_I PP©v Kiv; Ges

(M) wcGg+ K¬v‡q›U‡ì mv‡_ PP©vi mgq wbqwgZ ZË¡veavb G _vKv|

Kviv GB g¨vbyqvjwU eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e

GB g¨vbyqvjwU hv‡ì‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i ˆZwi Zviv nj (K) †m mKj †ckv`vi hviv G ai‡bi †KŠkj¸‡jv‡Z KLbI

cÖwkw¶Z nqwb; (L) eû msL¨K †jvK hviv gvbwmK ¯v̂ ’̄¨ wel‡q cÖwk¶Y †bqwb (G‡ì g‡a¨ AšÍf©z³ Av‡Q Zviv hv‡ì

g‡bvweÁv‡b wWwMÖ i‡q‡Q wKš‘ Dc‡`kbv I gvVch©v‡qi Kg©x‡ì ev Ab¨vb¨ mvnvh¨Kvix‡ì mnvqZv Kivi cÖwk¶Y ev

ZË¡veavb Kivi AwfÁZv †bB); Ges (M) hviv wcGg+ cÖ`vb K‡i †m mKj cÖwk¶KMY Ges ZË¡veavqKMY|

GB wcGg+ g¨vbyqvjwU n‡Z cv‡i Avcbvi Rb¨ hw` Avcwbt

1. Ggb GKwU cÖwZôv‡b KvR K‡ib †hwU ỳ`©kvMÖ Í̄ gvby‡li mvnv‡hï Rb¨ KvR K‡i;

2. Ab¨‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi cÖej B”Qv i‡q‡Q Ges Ggb GKwU cwi‡e‡k KvR K‡ib †hLv‡b K¬v‡q›U‡ì mv‡_ h‡_ó mgq

AwZevwnZ Kivi my‡hvM i‡q‡Q

3. AšÍZ gva¨wgK wk¶v m¤cbœ K‡i‡Q;

4. wKfv‡e wcGg+ eënvi Ki‡Z nq Zvi cÖwk¶Y †kl K‡i‡Q;

5. `‡j Ab¨‡ì mv‡_ KvR K‡i; Ges

6. cÖwkw¶Z ZË¡veavq‡Ki KvQ †_‡K wbqwgZ mn‡hvwMZv Ges ZË¡veavb †c‡q _v‡Kb| Av`k©MZ w`K w`‡q GwU nIqv

DwPZ GKRb †ckv`vi gvbwmK ¯v̂ ’̄¨Kg©xi Rb¨ whwb KM†bwUf we‡nwfqvi †_ivwci (wmwewU) Dci ch©vß cÖwk¶Y

cÖvß| hw` GUv m¤¢e bv nq, Zvn‡j Ggb GKRb gvbyl n‡Z n‡e hvi GB g¨vbyqv‡j eëüZ c×wZ¸‡jvi Dci

AwZwi³ cÖwk¶Y I Abykxjb i‡q‡Q Ges ZË¡veavq‡b Av‡Q|


cÖwk¶Y

gvbwmK ¯v̂‡¯’̈ A‡ckv`vi mvnvh¨Kvix‡ì cÖwk¶‡Yi Rb¨ †kªYxK‡¶i Ges gvVch©v‡qi cÖwk¶Y AšÍf©z³ _vKv DwPZ|

†kªYxK‡¶i cÖwk¶Y Kgc‡¶ 80 NÈv n‡Z n‡e (cwic~Y© 10 w`b)| GB cÖwk¶YwU GKRb †ckv`vi gvbwmK ¯v̂ ’̄¨Kg©xi

Øviv cwiPvwjZ nIqv DwPZ †h Dchy³ Ges hvi wcGg+ Gi g‡a¨ AšÍf©z³ mKj †KŠkj¸wji AwfÁZv Av‡Q (†hgbt

mgm¨v mgvav‡bi †_ivwc, gvbwmK Pvc eë¯’vcbv, AvPi‡Yi mwµqZv Ges mvgvwRK mnvqZv e„w×KiY)|

†kªYxK‡¶i cÖwk¶‡Yi g‡a¨ AšÍf©z³ Av‡Qt

mvaviY gvbwmK mgm¨v m¤cwK©Z Z_¨ (D`vt welYœZv, DwØMœZv, gvbwmK Pvc);

cÖ‡Z¨KwU †KŠk‡ji hyw³m½Z e¨vL¨v;

†gŠwjK mvnv‡hï `¶Zvmg~n;

Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g ev †ivj-†cø Gi gva¨‡g (cÖwk¶K cwiPvjbv Ki‡e Ges cÖwkÿYv_x© AskMÖnY Ki‡e) †gŠwjK

mvnv‡hï `¶Zv¸‡jv Ges †m¸‡jv cÖ`v‡bi †KŠkj¸‡jv †kLv‡bv| cÖwk¶‡Yi †klw`‡K GKw`b cy‡ivUv mgq

‡ivj-‡cø AšÍf©z³ _v‡K;

mvnvh¨Kvixi wb‡Ri hZœ

gvVch©v‡qi cÖwk¶Y cÖ‡qvRbxq| wcGg+ Gi ZË¡¸‡jv RvbvB ïaygvÎ GKRb‡K GUv cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î `¶ K‡i †Zv‡j bv|

ZË¡veavq†bi gva¨‡g Abykxjb mvnvh¨Kvixi wcGg+ m¤c‡K© Ávb I `¶Zv evovq Ges GUv cÖ‡qvRbxq Av¯’v ˆZwii

†¶‡Î ìKvix| †kÖwYK‡ÿ cÖwk¶‡Yi ci wcGg+Gi Dci ZË¡veavqbiZ Ae¯’vq Kgc‡¶ ỳB Rb K¬v‡q›U‡K cvuP †mkb

(D`v: 15 NÈv) e¨vcx †`L‡Z nq| cvuPwU †mkb ỳB mßvn e¨vcx n‡Z cv‡i (Kgc‡¶)|

gvV ch©v‡qi Abykxj‡bi †mkb¸‡jv Kg mgm¨vMÖ¯’ K¬v‡q‡›Ui mv‡_ (D`vt ¸iæZi welYœZvMÖ¯’ bq) Ges wbweo

ZË¡veav‡bi gva¨‡g n‡Z n‡e (cÖwZ mßv‡n 1-2 wU ZË¡veavb/ mycviwfkb †mkb)| wPwKrmvi welqK cÖwk¶‡Yi ci,

wcGg+ †K wbqwgZ ZË¡veav‡bi gva¨‡g cÖ‡qvM Kiv DwPZ| ZË¡veavq†bi cybive„wË I msL¨v (mßv‡n A_ev cvw¶K)

mvnvh¨Kvixi `¶Zvi Dci wbf©i K‡i mg‡qi mv‡_ mv‡_ cwieZ©b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

†ckv`vi gvbwmK ¯̂v¯’̈ Kg©x hv‡ì KM†bwUf we‡nwfqvi †_ivwci Dci wPwKrmv welqK cÖwk¶Y †bB ZvivI wcGg+

wkL‡Z PvB‡Z cv‡i| Zv‡ì cÖwk¶Y 40 NÈvq (m¤c~Y© 5 w`b) m¤cbœ n‡Z n‡e Ges Zvici `yBRb mvnvh¨ cÖv_©x‡K

†`L‡Z n‡e wbweo ZË¡veav‡bi gva¨‡g| wbqggvwdK ZË¡veavb n‡e (mvßvwnK ev cvwÿK, hv wbf ©i K‡i mnvqZvKvixi

`ÿZvi Dci wfwË K‡i) cÖwkÿY cieZ ©x mg‡q|


cÖwk¶Y Ges ZË¡veavq†bi AviI Z_¨ †c‡Z wcGg+ Gi †nívi cÖwkÿY MvBW †idvi Kiæb (Aby‡iv‡ai wfwË‡Z cvIqv

hvq)|

GB g¨vbyqvjwUi KvVv‡gv

GB g¨vbyqv‡ji wZbwU cÖavb Ask Av‡Q|

1. cÖ_g AskwU eY©bv K‡it

GB g¨vbyqv‡ji cUf‚wg (Aa¨vq 1)

wcGg+ wPwKrmv (Aa¨vq 2)

†gŠwjK mnvqZvi `¶Zvmg~n (Aa¨vq 3)

2. wØZxq AskwU cÖ‡Z¨KwU wPwKrmvi cÖavb Ask‡K eY©bv K‡i, hv njt

wcGg+ Gi g~j¨vqbmg~n (Aa¨vq 4)

`y ©̀kv Abyaveb Ges wcGg+ wPwKrmv (Aa¨vq 5)

gvbwmK Pvc eë¯’vcbv (Aa¨vq 6)

mgm¨v eë¯’vcbv (Aa¨vq 7)

mvg‡b GwM‡q hvIqv (Aa¨vq 8)

mvgvwRK mnvqZv e„w×KiY (Aa¨vq 9)

fv‡jv _vKv (Aa¨vq 10)

ZË¡veavqb

ZË¡veavqb AZ¨vek¨Kxq| cÖwZ mßv‡n ỳB 2-3 NÈvi `jxq ZË¡veavqb GKwU Av`k© g‡Wj| ZË¡veavq†bi `‡j Qq Rb

mvnvh¨Kvix _vK‡j fv‡jv nq| ZË¡veavqK‡ì gvbwmK ¯v̂ ’̄¨‡mevq AwfÁZv _vKv DwPZ| Zv‡ì wcGg+ Gi cÖwk¶Y

Ges GKB mv‡_ ZË¡veavq†bi Gi Dci ỳB w`‡bi cÖwk¶Y _vKv ìKvi| mKj ZË¡veavq†Ki wbR¯ ̂wcGg+ cÖ‡qv‡Mi

AwfÁZv _vKv A_ev AR©b Kiv DwPr|

`jxq ZË¡veavqb g‡Wj Gi mv‡_ mv‡_ mnKg©x Ges e¨w³MZ ZË¡veavqb I (†hgb; K¬v‡q‡›Ui †Kvb Riæwi welq ev

msK‡Ui gyn~‡Z©) DcKvix n‡Z cv‡i|

ZË¡veavq†bi g‡a¨ AšÍf©z³ Av‡Qt

K¬v‡q‡›Ui AMÖMwZi Av‡jvPbv

†KŠkj¸‡jv cÖ`v‡bi mgq ev K¬v‡q‡›Ui mv‡_ N‡U hvIqv Amyweav¸‡jvi Av‡jvPbvi mgq

†KŠkj¸‡jvi Abykxjb Ges Amyweav¸‡jv e¨ve¯’vcbvi Rb¨ Awfb‡qi gva¨‡g †kLv (mnvqZvKvixi wcGg+

Gi `ÿZv evov‡bvi Rb¨)

mnvqZvKvixi wb‡Ri hZœ


3. Z…Zxq As‡k Av‡Q cwiwkó mgyn, hvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Qt

A¨v‡mm‡g›U miÄvg (m¤§wZ †bIqvi c×wZ, wcGg+ Gi c~‡e©, wc Gg + PjvKvjxb Ges wc Gg + Gi c‡ii

A¨v‡mm‡g›U) (cwiwkó K, L Ges M)

AvZ¥nZ¨vi SuywKc~Y© wPšÍvi A¨v‡mm‡g›U I Gi cÖwZwµqvKiY (cwiwkó N)

K¬v‡q›U Gi Rb¨ n¨vÛ AvDUm (cwiwkó O)

wKQz †Km Gi D`vniY hv‡Z K‡i Ab¨‡ì mvnvh¨ Kivi welqwU fvev hvq (cwiwkó P)

B›Uvi†fbkb †cÖvUKj ev wPwKrmvi Lmov ( GUv GKUv Re GBW, †hUv cÖwZUv †mkb †_‡K †mkb cwic~Y© fv‡e

eY©bv K‡i) (cwiwkó Q)

K‡_vcK_b Gi D`vniY

Avgiv K‡_vcK_b Gi D`vniY mshy³ K‡iwQ- †hUvi g¨vbyqvj I B›Uvi†fbkb †cÖvUK‡j

¯’vbxqfv‡e Dc‡hvMx K‡i †bqv cÖ‡qvRb| †mUv hZUv KvQvKvwQ m¤¢e AbymiY Kiv cÖ‡qvRb|

KviY K¬v‡q›U†K wbw ©̀ó †Kvb †KŠkj †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ Avcbvi ìKvix me Z_¨ GLv‡b Av‡Q|

Z‡e K‡_vcK_b Gi msjvc mivmwi ejv K¬v‡q›U Gi mv‡_ mym¤cK© ˆZwii Rb¨ Av`k© bq|

Avcwb AviI MÖnY‡hvM¨ I ms‡e`bkxjfv‡e †Kvb †KŠkj eY©bvi Rb¨ w¯ŒÞ Gi wKQzUv evwZµg Ki‡jI †mUv MÖnY‡hvM¨

n‡e| GQvovI Avcwb †Kvb mvaviY mgm¨v (†hgb, wech©q) †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ wKsev †Kvb AcwiwPZ †KŠkj (†hgb gvbwmK

Pvc eë¯’vcbvi Rb¨ DwØMœZv Kgv‡bv) eY©bv Kivi Rb¨ cwiwPZ D`vniY eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e †h D`vniY¸‡jv

K¬v‡q›U Gi mgm¨vi mv‡_ †ekx cÖvmw½K I A_©c~Y© †m¸‡jvB eënvi Ki‡Z cÖ Í̄ve KiwQ|

n¨vÛAvDU

Avcwb K¬v‡q›U †K wbw ©̀ó †Kvb †KŠkj eY©bv Kivi mgq GB K¬v‡q›U n¨vÛ AvDUm (cwiwkó O) eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

GQvovI G¸‡jv K¬v‡q›U†K c~‡e©i †mk†bi Av‡jvPbv g‡b Kwi‡q †Ìqvi RbÏ G¸‡jv eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| GLv‡b

GKwU K¨v‡jÛviI Av‡Q, †hUv K¬v‡q›U Gi Kg© cwiKíbv wKsev KvR †kl n‡j Kv‡Ri †iKW© Gi Rb¨ eënvi Ki‡Z

cvi‡e|

aymi e·¸‡jv Kxfv‡e Pv‡jwÄs K¬v‡q›U (†hgb, †hŠb mwnskZvi wkKvi) Ges KwVb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z i‡q‡Q Ggb K¬v‡q›U Gi

( †hgb, msNl © n‡”Q Ggb ’̄vb) mv‡_ Kxfv‡e KvR Ki‡Z n‡e Zv eY©bv K‡i| KwVb cwiw¯’wZ Dc¯’vc‡bi c~‡e© wKsev

Pv‡jwÄs cwiw ’̄wZ‡Z KvR Kivi c~‡e© wb‡R‡K GB e·¸†jvi Dcv`v‡bi mv‡_ cwiwPZ K‡i †bqv A‡bK †ewk ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|


wcGg+ Kv‡ì Rb¨?

Dc‡ii D‡jøL¨ Abyhvqx, wcGg+ cÖvß eq¯‹†ì Rb¨ hviv ỳ ©̀kvi wkKvi n‡q welYèZv, D‡ØM A_ev PvcRwbZ mgm¨v wb‡q

mgv‡R evm Ki‡Q|

wcGg+ wb‡¤œv³ mgm¨vi †¶‡Î eënv‡ii Rb¨ ˆZwi Kiv nq wbt

1. wbKU fwel¨‡Z KviI Rxeb †kl K‡i †djvi cwiKíbv _vK‡j

2. gvbwmK, ¯œvqyweK A_ev gv`Kvmw³i Kvi‡Y ¸iæZi Amy¯’ n‡j (†hgb: mvB‡Kvwmm, g` ev WªvM eënv‡ii

wbf©iZv, ¸iæZi eyw×e„wËK A¶gZv, wW‡gbwmqv)|

†hme K¬v‡q›U Gi ¸iæZi Pvwn`v Av‡Q wKsev hv‡ì wbivcËvi SzuwK Av‡Q (†hgb, GKRb Aí eqmx †g‡q †h kvixwiK

wKsev gvbwmK mwnsmZvi Zxeª SzuwK‡Z Av‡Q), Zv‡ì cÖv_wgK fv‡e wcGdG †`qvi Rb¨ civgk© †`qv n‡”Q|4 hw` Dchy³

g‡b Kiv nq Gme K¬v‡q›UI wcGg+ MÖnb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

4_© Aa¨vq G†mm†g›U Gi Aa¨vq| †hLv‡b eR©‡bi gvb`Û (‡Kvb K¬vB›U eR©b Ki‡Z n‡e) I †idvivj Gi †ÿÎmg~n

e¨vL¨v Kiv Av‡Q|

BbUvi†fbkb ev wPwKrmvi ci K¬v‡q›U Gi †Kvb AMÖMwZ bv n‡j wK n‡e?

Avcbvi ZË¡veavqK Gi mv‡_ K¬v‡q›U Gi AMÖMwZ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv DwPZ| hw` Avcwb Ges Avcbvi ZËveavqK †`‡Lb

†h cvuP †mkvb Gi c‡iI K¬v‡h›U Gi AMÖMwZ nqwb ( †hgb, Av‡eMxq mgm¨vi Aí †Kvb cwieZ©b N‡Uwb †hgb- welYœ

cÖK„wZ, D‡ØM ev gvbwmK Pvc), †m‡¶‡Î (wb‡¤œv³) wewfbœ Ackb †_‡K Avcbv‡K wm×všÍ †bevi e¨vcv‡i we‡ePbv Ki‡Z

n‡e| Avcwb Ges Avcbvi ZË¡veavqK (K) 4_© I 5g †mk‡bi g‡a¨ A_ev (L) 5g †mk‡b K¬v‡q›U†K †`Lvi ci wm×všZ

wb‡Z cv‡ib|

1. Avcbvi ZË¡veavq‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z, K¬v‡q›U†K wcGg+ Gi Abykxjb GKv GKv Pvwj‡q †h‡Z ej‡Z

cv‡ib Ges Zv‡ì‡K fwel¨‡Z Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ wbw`©ó mgq †eu‡a w`‡Z cv‡ib (†hgb, 5g †mkb Gi cieZ©x 3

gvm)| hw` K¬v‡q›U Gi mgm¨vi gvÎv ¸iæZi bv nq Ges AvZ¥nZ¨v wPšÍv bv _v‡K ïaygvÎ ZLbB GUv ejv hv‡e|

2. Avcbvi ZË¡veavq‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z, K¬v‡q›U†K (gvbwmK) ¯v̂ ’̄¨ Kg©KZ©vi Kv‡Q cybivq g~j¨vqb I

wPwKrmvi Rb¨ †idvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GUv ZLbB wiK‡gÛ Kiv hv‡e hw` wcGg+ Gi †k‡l wKsev 3 gvm

d‡jvAvc Gi c‡iI K¬v‡q›U Gi mgm¨vi gvÎv ¸iæZi nq Ges AvZ¥nZ¨vi wPšÍv I cwiKíbv _v‡K| GQvovI

hw` K¬v‡q›U Gi wcGg+ fvjg‡Zv Abykxjb Kivi c‡iI Zvi Kó ev `y`©kvi Lye mvgvb¨ cwieZ©b N‡U, GUv

mycvwik Kiv hv‡e|

3. Avcbvi ZË¡veavq‡Ki mv‡_ Av‡jvPbvi wfwË‡Z, K¬v‡q›U†K wcGg+ Gi AwZwi³ wKQz †mkb Kiv‡Z cv‡ib,

†hLv‡b Av‡Mi †KŠkj¸wj _vK‡e| D`vniY¯îƒc, †hme K¬v‡q›U Gi Avcbvi mv‡_ wek¦ Í̄ n‡Z I mym¤cK© ˆZwi

Ki‡Z Ges AMÖMwZ †`Lv‡Z `xN© mgq wb‡q‡Qb , AwZwi³ †mk‡bi Ackb Zv‡ì Rb¨ jvfRbK n‡Z cv‡i|

wcGg+ †kl Kivi ci Gi †KŠkj¸‡jv ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b K‡qK gvm Abykxjb Kiv mKj K¬v‡q›U Gi Rb¨B ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

4. Avcbvi Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb wKfv‡e wcGdG w`‡Z nq, hv wkL‡Z GKw`b jvM‡e| †`Lyb: wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’v, Iqvi Uªgv dvD‡Ûkb A¨vÛ Iqvì© wfkb

B›Uvib¨vkbvj (2011)| mvB‡Kv‡jvwRK¨vj dv÷© GBW: MvBW di wdì IqvK©vm©| WweøDGBPI: †R‡bfv; Ges wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’v, Iqvi Uªgv dvD‡Ûkb

Ges Iqvì© wfkb B›Uvib¨vkbvj (2013). mvB‡KvjwRK¨vj dv÷© GBW: †dwmwj‡UUm© g¨vbyqvj di Iwi‡qw›Us wdì IqvK©vm©| WweøDGBPI: †R‡bfv|


A‡bK mgq K‡ói cwieZ©b Ges gvwb‡q Pjv GKB mg‡q N‡U _v‡K| ZvB, hw` GUv Zv‡ì Kv‡Q wbivc` g‡b nq,

mvB‡KvjwRK¨vj mnvqZv QvovB GUv Abykxjb GUv Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Kiv nq| mvaviYZ wKQz mgq ci Avcbv‡K d‡jv

Avc †mkb Gi eë¯’̈ v Kivi Rb¨ mycvwik Kiv nq, †hgb wPwKrmv †kl nevi 3 gvm ci| d‡j, hw` Zviv mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb

n‡Z _v‡Kb, AviI mnvqZv †hb †c‡Z cv‡ib|

GB g¨vbyqvj Gi ¯’vbxqKiY

GB g¨vbyqvj Gi eZ©gvb KwcwU wcGg+ Gi †R‡bwiK fvm©b|

Avcbv‡K ¯’vbxq †cÖ¶vc‡Ui wb‡¤œvwjwLZ wKQ z welq we‡ePbv K‡i GB g¨vbyqvjwU ’̄vbxqKiY Ki‡Z n‡et

¯’vbxq fvlv‡Z mwVK Ges †evaMg¨ Abyev`;

¯’vbxq Awfevw³ I iƒcK AšÍf©z³ Kiv;

wKfv‡e mnvqZv cÖ`vb Kiv n‡e Zvi mvgvwRK I mvs¯‹…wZK cv_©K¨ ( D`vniY¯îƒc, KviI evmv ebvg †m›Uvi,

mvnvh¨ cÖ`vbKvixi K¬v‡q›U Gi mg wj½ nIqv ev bv nIqv, wKfv‡e Kb†m›U †bqv n‡e, †Kgb K‡i cwiev‡ii

m`m¨‡K AšÍf©z³ Kiv hv‡e, wbwl× welq wKfv‡e K¬v‡q›U Gi mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv Kiv hv‡e †hgb, †hŠb mwnsmZv)

†KŠkj¸‡jv h_vh_ ivLv| wKQz gvbweK msKUc~Y© †mwUs G Avcwb wcGg+ Gi g¨vbyqvj Abyhvqx nqZ me †KŠkj

eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv (†hgb, K¬v‡q›U†K ¶wZi SzuwK‡Z †i‡L “†MU †Mvwqs, wKc WzBs “ UvBc Gi †KŠkj

wbe©vPb Kiv h_vh_ n‡e bv|

AvZ¥nZ¨v I wkïi wbh©vZ‡bi wi‡cvU© Gi AvBwb cv_©K¨mg~n;

†hŠb mwnsmZvi Zxeª SzuwK‡Z _vKv gvbyl‡ì i¶v Kivi Rb¨ ¯’vbxqfv‡e cÖvß myweavmg~‡ni (AvbyôvwbK I

AbvbyôvwbK) c „_KxKiY;

mvgvwRK †mevmg~n I wbivcËvi cv_©K¨KiY;

¯v̂ ’̄¨ eë¯’vi wewfbœZv, mvavib I we‡klÁ ¯v̂ ’̄¨‡mev eë¯’vq gvbwmK, ¯œvqyweK I WªvM eënvi msµvšÍ

mgm¨v¸‡jvi †mevi cÖ‡ek‡hvM¨Zv wePvi;

GB g¨vbyqvj G eëüZ Qwe¸‡jvi ’̄vbxqKiY|

wc Gg + †K Abykxjb G wb‡q Avmv

GRb¨ Avcbv‡K ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKQz wel‡q wm×všÍ wb‡Z n‡et

wKfv‡e †Uªwbs I mycviwfmb Gi Av‡qRb Kiv hv‡e;

†Kv_vq †mkb †`qv n‡e;

wKfv‡e m¤¢ve¨ K¬v‡q›U†K †Pbv hv‡e;

Kfv‡e gvby‡li mv‡_ cÖv_wgK I d‡jv Avc mvÿvr Kiv n‡e;

hviv wba©vwiZ mvÿvr G Av‡mwb Zv‡ì mv‡_ wKfv‡e cybivq †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z n‡e;

Kxfv‡e wcGg+ gwbUi Ki‡Z n‡e;

†hme gvby‡li AviI Ges wfbœ mvnv‡hï cÖ‡qvRb, Zv‡ì †Kv_vq I wKfv‡e cvVv‡Z n‡e|


Aa¨vq 2

mgm¨v eë ’̄vcbv cøvm (wcGg+) B›Uvi†fbkb

wkLyb

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K Avcwb Kx Kx

wkL‡eb?

†mkb

GB Aa¨vq †Kvb †mk‡bi mv‡_ hy³?

IqvK©kxU

GB Aa¨v‡qi mv‡_ †Kvb IqvK©wkU

hy³?

wcGg+ Gi msw¶ß weeib (†hgb, B›Uvi†fbkb Gi

MVb, †KŠkj¸‡jvi

avivevwnKZv

wcGg+ Gi †KŠkj¸‡jvi

m¤c‡K© msw¶ß fv‡e Rvbv

m¤c~Y© B›Uvi†fbkb wcGg+ K¬v‡q›U n¨vÛAvDU cwiwkó O

wcGg+ kãwU mvaviYZ msw¶ß B›Uvi†fbkb Gi mvgwMÖK c×wZ eY©bv Ki‡Z eënvi Kiv nq| GUv†Z wKQz AvPiYMZ

†KŠk‡ji mv‡_ mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Gi mycwiwPZ †KŠkj mshy³| K¬v‡q›UGi Av‡eMRwbZ mgm¨vi mgvavb Ges m¤¢e n‡j

ev Í̄e mgm¨v¸‡jv Kgv‡bvi Rb¨ `¶Zv M‡o †ZvjvB Gi mvgwMÖK j¶¨| GRb¨B wcGg+ civgk© †`qv †_‡K weiZ _v‡K

ZvB GLvbKvi eëüZ fvlv †Uªwbs ev †KvwPs c×wZi gZ|

cÖwZwU K¬v‡q›U g¨vbyqv‡j ewY©Z wcGg+ Gi †KŠkj¸‡jv MÖnb Ki‡e|

wcGg+ †KŠkj

wb‡P wcGg+ Gi mKj g‡bv‰eÁvwbK (mvB‡KvjwRK¨vj) †KŠk‡ji msw¶ß eY©bv †`qv nj|

gvbwmK Pvc eë¯’vcbv (Aa¨vq 6)

K¬v‡q›U†K ms‡¶‡c Pvc wbqš¿‡bi †KŠkj¸‡jv †kLv‡j GUv Zv‡ì D‡ØM I Pvc wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| cÖwZw`b

Abykxjb Ki‡j GUv Zv‡ì g‡a¨ A‡bK †ewk Pvc ev D‡ØM ‰Zwi n‡Z evav †`q| gvbwmK Pv‡ci mgq GUv K¬v‡q›U†K

kvšÍ _vK‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| GLv‡b ax‡i k¦vm †bqvi †KŠkj eënvi Kiv nq| hwÌ ax‡i k¦vm †bqvUv†K Avgiv †ewkifvM

†mwUs G Dchy³ g‡b Kwi, †m‡¶‡Î ¯’vbxq wkw_jvqb c×wZI (†hgbt †hvM e¨vg ‡_‡K †KŠkj †bIqv) eënvi Kiv

hv‡e|5 wcGg+ Gi ïiæi w`‡KB (1g †mkb) Pvc wbqš¿Y †kLv‡bv nq| mv‡_ mv‡_ cÖwZ †mkb †k‡l AbykxjbI Kiv‡Z

n‡e|

5 ¯’vbxq mvgvwRK-mvs¯‹…wZK †cÖÿvc‡U wcGg+ g¨vbyqv‡ji Awf‡hvR‡bi mgq GUv we‡ePbvi welq|


mgm¨v wbqš¿Y (Aa¨vq 7)

K¬v‡q›U Gi ev¯Ze mgm¨vq (‡hgb, †eKviZ¡, cwiev‡i Ø›Ø BZ¨vw`) GB †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq| hv‡K Avgiv mgm¨v

wbqš¿Y Gi †KŠkj e‡j _vwK| GUv†K 2q †mk‡b cwiwPZ Kiv‡bv nq| †h mgm¨v¸‡jv K¬v‡q›U Gi Rb¨ †ewk D‡Ø‡Mi,

†m¸‡jvi m¤¢ve¨ mgvavb †ei Ki‡Z Avcwb Ges K¬v‡q›U GKmv‡_ KvR Ki‡eb| †h mgvavbUv †ewk MÖnY‡hvM¨ †mUv

Avcbviv GK cQ›` Kiv Ges Zv ev¯Zevq‡bi c`‡ÿc †bIqv|

ïiæ Ki, GwM‡q hvI (Aa¨vq 8)

GB †KŠkjwUi g~j j¶¨ K¬v‡q›U Gi KvRK‡g ©i (†hgb, mvgvwRK KvR, cÖ‡qvRbxq KvR Kiv ev PvKwi Kiv) gvÎv evov‡bv|

A‡bK K¬v‡q›U Av‡Q hviv Kv‡Ri MwZ K‡g hvIqvi Kvi‡Y welYœ †eva K‡ib| welYœZv wewfbœ e¨w³i †¶‡Î wewfbœ iKg

†`Lv‡jI †ewkifvM †¶‡Î Aí‡ZB K¬všÍ nIqv, g‡bvej I B”Qvkw³ K‡g hvIqv, gb Lvivc _vKv, †h¸‡jv Av‡M Avb›`

†cZ †m Kv‡R Av‡Mi gZ Avb›` bv cvIqv Ges Avkvnxb I wb‡R‡K g~j¨nxb g‡b n‡Z _v‡K| gv‡S gv‡S kvixwiK

Awf‡hvMI _vK‡Z cv‡i (†hgb, gv_v e¨v_v, wc‡V e¨v_v)| welYœ gvby‡liv mvaviYZ mPivPi KvR¸‡jv eÜ K‡i †`q| †MU

†Mvwqs, wKc WzBs A_©vr mvg‡b GwM‡q hvIqv, Gi j¶¨ _v‡K K¬v‡q›U Gi KvRK‡g©i gvÎv evov‡bv hv Zv‡Ì g‡bi Dci

mivmwi cÖfve †d‡j | GUv 3q †mkb G cwiwPZ Kiv‡bv nq|

†mvk¨vj mv‡cvU©/ mvgvwRK mnvqZv†K kw³kvjx KiY (Aa¨vq 9)

†hme gvby‡li Av‡eMxq mgm¨v _v‡K Zviv mvaviYZ mn‡hvwMZv Kivi gZ gvbyl I cÖwZôvb †_‡K `~‡i _v‡K| K¬v‡q›U Gi

†mvk¨vj mv‡cvU© (†hgb wek¦ Í̄ eÜy, cwievi, mnKg©x ev mvgvwRK cÖwZôvb) †K kw³kvjxKiY my¯’Zv wbwðZ K‡i|GUv 4_©

†mkb G cwiwPZ Kiv‡bv nq| hw` K¬v‡q›U Gi fvj mvgvwRK mnvqZv/ †mvk¨vj mv‡cvU© _v‡K Ges Zv‡K hw` †mUv memgq

eënvi Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq, Zv‡K ZLb Zv eënv‡i DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z _vK‡Z n‡e| hvB †nvK, Ab¨vb¨ K¬v‡q›U Gi Rb¨,

†mvk¨vj mv‡cvU© †K wKfv‡e kw³kvjx Kiv hvq, Zvi Rb¨ GKwU ev¯Ze m¤§Z cwiKíbv Ki‡Z Avcbv‡K wKQz mgq w`‡Z

n‡e wKfv‡e AviI †ewk mvgvwRK mnvqZv cvIqv hv‡e|

wcGg+ Gi MVb

wcGg+ 5wU 90 wgwb‡Ui †mkb wb‡q MwVZ| mvavibZ mßv‡n GKwU K‡i †mkb ivLvi Rb¨ mycvwik Kiv nq| hwÌ,

Avcbv‡K K¬v‡q‡›Ui Pvwn`v I ¯’vbxq Ae¯’v Gi Dci wfwË K‡i GB †mk†bi eveavb Kg †ewk Ki‡Z n‡e| wb‡P Avcwb

cÖwZwU †mk‡bi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Askmn m¤c~Y© B›Uvi†fbkb Gi GKwU PvU© cv‡eb| †mLv‡b cÖwZwUi cv‡k me K¬v‡q›U Gi Rb¨

m¤¢ve¨ mgq D‡jø¨L Kiv Av‡Q| hw` wbw ©̀ó †Kvb KviY bv _v‡K, Z‡e GB wb‡ ©̀wkZ mg‡qi hZUv KvQKvwQ _vKv m¤¢e

ZZUv _vK‡Z Avgiv DrmvwnZ Kwi, Z‡eB Avcwb cÖwZwU †mk‡b _vKv me †KŠkj¸‡jv eY©bv Kivi my‡hvM cv‡eb|


Ab¨‡ì D‡c¶v K‡i Avcbvi cQ‡›ì †KŠkj cÖ‡qvM Kiv †_‡K Avcbv‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e| hwÌ wKQz †¶‡Î GB

wbq‡gi bgbxqZv i‡q‡Q| D`vniY¯îƒc, †h K¬v‡q›U Gi wKQz ev¯Ze mgm¨v Av‡Q wKš‘ †ewk gvÎvq welYèZvI Av‡Q Zv‡K

eyS‡Z †ewk mgq jvM‡e Ges Zvi Rb¨ Av‡M mgm¨v eë¯’vcbvi †P‡q †MU †Mvwqs, wKc WzBs Gi cwiKíbv Ki‡Z n‡e|

†m‡¶‡Î †MU †Mvwqs, wKc WzBs G GKUz †ewk mgq †`qvB fvj| mycvifvBm‡ii mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K†i, wcGg+ MVb Kivi

mgq K¬v‡q›U Gi g~j mgm¨vi mv‡_ mgš̂q K‡i wKQzUv bgbxq _vKvUv‡KB Avgiv DrmvwnZ Kwi|

PvU© t wcGg+ Gi MVb

1 wcGg + Gi m~Pbv

fzwgKv Ges †MvcbxqZv (5 wgwbU)

A¨v†mm†g›U Ges mvB‡K¬vcm ch©v‡jvPbv (10 wgwbU)

wcGg+ wK? (20 wgwbU)

`y ©̀kv‡K †evSv (30 wgwbU)

gvbwmK Pvc eë¯’vcbv (20 wgwbU)

†mkb †kl Kiv (5 wgwbU)

2 wcGg +

mvaviY ch©v‡jvPbv I mvB‡K¬vcm (5 wgwbU)

mgm¨v eë¯’vcbv (70 wgwbU)



3 wc Gg +

mvaviY ch©v‡jvPbv I mvB‡K¬vcm (5 wgwbU)


†MU †Mvwqs, wKc WzBs (35 wgwbU)



4 wc Gg +

mvavib ch©v‡jvPbv I mvB‡K¬vcm (5 wgwbU)


†MU †Mvwqs, wKc WzBs(20 wgwbU)

†mvk¨vj mv‡cvU©†K/ mvgvwRK mn‡hvwMZv kw³kvjx KiY (30 wgwbU)



5 wPwKrmv †kl Kiv

mvaviY ch©v‡jvPbv (20 wgwbU)

fvj _vKv (30 wgwbU)

Ab¨‡K wKfv‡e mvnvh¨ Kiv hv‡e Zv Kíbv Kiv ev fvev ( 20 wgwbU)

fwel¨‡Zi w`‡K ZvKv‡bv (15 wgwbU)

†cÖvMÖvg †kl Kiv (5 wgwbU)


†mk‡bi MVb

cÖwZ †mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z Avcwb K¬v‡q›U †K B›Uvi‡fbkb PjvKvjxb A¨v‡mm†g›U c~iY Ki‡Z ej‡eb (cwiwkó L)| MZ

mßv‡ni †mkb †_‡K Gevi K¬v‡q›U †Kgb Av‡Q ev †Kgb gvwb‡q wb‡”Q Zv Rvbvi Rb¨ Avcwb GB A¨v‡mm†g›U G †`qv

K¬v‡q›U Gi DËi¸‡jv wb‡qB Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib (D`vt MZ mßvn †_‡K)| Gmgq, †Kvb welq wKfv‡e NU‡Q Zv

mvaviYZ we‡ePbvq ivL‡Z n‡e| GUv K¬v‡q›U†K MZ mßv‡n n‡q hvIqv BwZevPK NUbv ev mgm¨v wb‡q K_v ejvi my‡hvM

†`q| GQvovI Avcwb K¬v‡q›U †K Zvi Av‡eMxq mgm¨vi jÿY I Zvi cwieZ©b ( MZ mßv‡n †_‡K Zvi gb fvj bvwK

Lvivc) wb‡q we‡klfv‡e wRÁvmv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ZvQvovI †hme KvR `yB †mk‡bi gv‡S evB‡i Abykxj‡bi K_v wQj (

†hgb, Abykxjb Ki‡Z wM‡q bZzb wK wkL‡jv ev AR©b Kij, †Kvb mgm¨v n‡q‡Q wKbv BZ¨vw`), Zv wb‡qI Av‡jvPbv

Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

†mk‡b g~j †KŠkj †kLv†bvi Av‡M Avcwb K¬v‡q›U †K evwo‡Z Abykxj‡bi mgq nIqv mgm¨v¸‡jv mgvav‡b ev eë¯’vcbvq

mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G mswÿß Av‡jvPbv ci, Avcwb AvR‡Ki †mkbUv †Kgb n‡e Zvi GKUv AvDUjvBb Ki‡Z cv‡ib

(†hgb, mgm¨v eë¯’vccbv ch©v‡jvPbv, gb fvj Kivi Rb¨ bZzb †KŠkj ‡kLv‡bv, GKmv‡_ gvbwmK Pvc †gvKv‡ejv

Abykxjb)|

cÖwZ †mk‡bi †k‡l Avcwb K¬v‡q›U‡K Zvi cieZ©x Abykxj‡bi KvR ms‡¶‡c eY ©bv Ki‡eb Ges Kv‡R mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨

IqvK©kxU cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| AvMvgx †mk‡bi c~‡e© K¬vB›U Gi KiYxq KvR wZwb eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb wKbv memgq Zv †PK K‡i

wb‡eb Ges me‡k‡l cieZ©x A¨vc‡q›U‡g›U KLb Ges †Kv_vq n‡e Zv wbwðZ K‡i we`vq †b‡eb|

cÖwZ †mk‡bi aib †Kgb n‡e Zv m¤c‡K© B›Uvi†fbkb/ wPwKrmv Lmov G (cwiwkó Q) we¯ZvwiZ eY©bv Kiv Av‡Q|

wcGg+ †mk‡b cvwievwiK m`m¨ ev eÜyi Dcw¯’wZ

wcGg+ PjvKvjxb wKQz mgq Av‡Q hLb K¬v‡q›U Gi mv‡_ _vKvi Rb¨ wek¦ Í̄ cvwievwiK m`m¨ ev eÜyi cÖ‡qvRb g‡b K‡i|

GUv A‡bK K¬v‡q›U Gi Rb¨B we‡kl K‡i †mk‡bi evB‡i †KŠkj¸‡jv Abykxjb Ki‡Z Zv‡ì mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨ DcKvix|

hwÌ, †mk‡b AwZwi³ AskMÖnYKvix _vKvUv wKQzUv P¨v‡jwÄs| wKQz gvbyl †mkb¸‡jv‡K AcÖ‡qvRbxq g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡ib (

†hgb, K¬v‡q›U†K †bwZevPK K_v ejv, wcGg+ †KŠk‡ji mgv‡jvPbv Kiv BZ¨vw`)| hLb K¬v‡q›U Gi wek¦¯Z †KD †mk‡b

AskMÖnY K‡i, ZLb gv_vq ivL‡Z n‡e, Avcbvi Zv†ì mgm¨v‡Z g‡bv‡hvM †Ìqvi ìKvi †bB| Ab¨vb¨‡ì g~j KvRB

nj K¬v‡q›U†K †KŠkj¸‡jv Abykxjb Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv †hgb gvbwmK Pvc †gvKv‡ejv Ges †MU †Mvwqs wKc †Wvwqs

BZ¨vw`|

mvaviYZ, cvwievwiK m`m¨ ev eÜyi 1g †mk†bB (mvB‡K¬vcm G†mm†g›U6 Kivi ci) AskMÖnb Kiv fvj , G‡Z Zviv

B›Uvi†fbkb I Pvc wbqš¿Y m¤c‡K© aviYv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i| GQvovI, wek¦ Í̄ cvwievwiK m`m¨ ev eÜy†K “†MU †Mvwqs,

wKc WzBs “ m¤c‡K© Rvbv†bvi Rb¨ 3q †mk‡b AskMÖnY Kiv†bv †h‡Z cv‡i| GB †mkb¸‡jv‡Z K¬v‡q›U Gi mvnvh¨Kvix

wbw`©ó wKQz †KŠkj wkL‡Z cv‡i Ges fwel¨‡Z K¬v‡q›U†K †Kvb mgm¨vq mv‡cvU© †`qvi Rb¨ wb‡R‡K fv‡jvfv‡e M‡o wb‡Z

cv‡i| hwÌ, Avgiv Avkv Kwi bv †h Ab¨ †KD K¬v‡q›U Gi mvnvh¨Kvix wn‡m‡e wb‡R‡K †`L‡Z AvZ¥wek¦vmx g‡b Ki‡e|

ZvB Avgiv mgm¨v eë¯’vcbv †mk‡b (‡mkb 2 Ges †mkb 3 Gi wKQz Ask, 4 Ges 5) cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡K AšZf©z³ bv

Ki‡Z DrmvwnZ Kwi| KviY, K¬v‡q›U Zvi wKQz we‡kl mgm¨v m¤c‡K© GKB iæ‡g _vKv IB gvby‡li mvg‡b ej‡Z ej‡Z

mv”Q›` Abyfe bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKBfv‡e, Avcbv‡K †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e cwievi Ges eÜz †mk‡b _vK‡j Zvi myweav Ges

Amyweavmg~n hLb Avcwb K¬v‡q›U Zvi e¨w³MZ welq †kqvi Ki‡e e‡j Avkv Ki‡eb|

GB Aa¨v‡q Avcwb wk‡L‡Qb

wcGg+ B›Uvi†fbkb wK Ges cÖwZwU †KŠkj m¤cwK©Z wKQz Z_¨

wcGg+ †mk‡bi MVb m¤ú‡K ©

KLb cwiev‡ii wek ¦¯Z m`m¨ wKsev eÜy‡K AšZf©z³ Ki‡Z n‡e

6 The PSYCHLOPS is an assessment measure included in the pre-PM+, during-PM+ and post-PM+ assessments. See

Chapter 4 and Appendices A, B and C for more information.


Aa¨vq 3

†gŠwjK mnvqZvi `¶Zvmg~n

wk¶v

GB Aa¨v‡q Avcwb wK wkL‡eb?

†mkb

GB Aa¨vq †Kvb †mk‡bi mv‡_

m¤cwK©Z?

IqvK©wkUm

†Kvb IqvK©wkU GB Aa¨v‡qi mv‡_

m¤cwK©Z?

Avcbvi K¬v‡q›U Gi mv‡_ fvj, Av¯’vc~Y© m¤cK© ˆZwi

Ki‡Z wKfv‡e †gŠwjK

`¶Zvmg~n eënvi Ki‡eb|

K¬v‡q›U-mnvqZvKvixi m¤c‡K©i †¶‡Î wK we‡ePbv

Ki‡Z n‡e|

K¬v‡q›U †Kvb RwUj mgm¨v

wb‡q Dcw ’̄Z n‡j wKfv‡e

cwiPvjbv Ki‡eb

Avcwb K¬v‡q›U Gi mv‡_ cÖwZevi K_v ejvi mgq GB

`¶Zvmg~n eënvi Ki‡Z

cvi‡eb

†KvbwUB bq

wbw`©ó wcGg+ †KŠk‡ji c~‡e,© Avgiv †gŠwjK mnvqK `¶Zvmg~n wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev, †h¸‡jvi j¶¨ n‡”Q †mk‡bi

gv‡S †hvMv‡hvM/Av`vb-cÖ`vb I Avcbvi K¬v‡q‡›Ui mv‡_ m¤cK© ˆZwi Kiv| me ai‡bi gvbwmK mqvqZvi †¶‡Î Av ’̄v I

m¤§v‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i m¤cK© ˆZwi Kiv Acwinvh©| cÖK…Zc‡¶ GB †gŠwjK mnvqK `¶Zv n‡”Q wcGg+ Gi wfwË|

memgq GB `¶Zvmg~n eënvi bv Ki‡j Avcbvi AvbyôvwbK wcGg+ †KŠkj mdj nIqvi m¤¢vebv Kg|

K¬v‡q›U‡K m¤§vb Kiv

K¬v‡q›U‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv Rb¨ Avcbvi cÖK…Z B”Qv _vK‡Z n‡e, bZzb aviYvi cÖwZ Db¥y³ _vK‡Z n‡e Ges Ab¨‡ì K_v

†kvbvi AvMÖn _vK‡Z n‡e| mvgwMÖKfv‡e memgq †Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e †hb GKRb e¨w³i gh©v`v†K m¤§vb Kiv nq, hv

mvs¯‹…wZKfv‡e ms‡e`bkxj Ges h_vh_, Ges hv RvwZ, eY©, wj½, eqm, fvlv, ag©, ivR‰bwZK I Ab¨vb¨ gZvgZ RvZxq,

DcRvZxq, Avwèvmx ev mvgvwRK Dৎm, m¤cwË, †hŠb cwiPq, Rb¥ ev Ab¨vb¨ Ae¯’v wfwË‡Z êlg¨ †_‡K gy³| Gme g‡bvfve Avcbvi K¬v‡q›U Gi mv‡_ m¤cK© ˆZwi‡Z ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| GKwU fvj m¤cK© Qvov B›Uvi‡fbk‡bi/ wPwKrmvi gva¨‡g

Avcbvi K¬v‡q›U DcK…Z nIqvi m¤¢vebv Kg|

mvs¯‹…wZK, wj½ I fvlvMZ †evSvcov

K¬v‡q›U †`Lvi Av‡M †hLv‡b Avcwb KvR Ki‡eb †mB GjvKvi ms¯‹…wZ m¤c‡K© Avcbvi fvj aviYv _vK‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ

GwU Lye eo mgm¨v bq hw` Avcwb ¯’vbxq m¤cÖ`v‡qi nb A_ev Avcbvi Abyiƒc mvs¯‹…wZK †cÖ¶vcU _v‡K| hvB‡nvK, †`k,

AÂj I m¤cÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ e¨vcK cv_©K¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i| mgvRmg~n RwUj nq Ges A‡bK ai‡bi mvgvwRK †Mvôx I cÖfve

i‡q‡Q, Ges Avcwb cÖ‡Z¨K ms¯‹…wZi mv‡_ memgq cwiwPZ bvI _vK‡Z cv‡i| Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Avcbvi K¬v‡q›U Gi

wj½MZ f~wgKv I cÖZ¨vkv Ges wewfbœ ag©xq wek¦vm I ixwZ| KL‡bv KL‡bv GKRb e¨w³i mvs¯‹…wZK wek¦vm c×wZ m¤c‡K©

Avcbvi AviI Rvbvi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| Avcwb K¬v‡q›U‡K Zv‡ì `j, ag© ev ms¯‹…wZi we©k¦vm I cÖ_v m¤c‡K© wRÁvmv

K‡iI GwU Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GB cÖkœ̧ ‡jv wRÁvmv Kivi gva¨‡g Avcwb m¤§vb cÖKvk Kiæb m¤¢ve¨ cv_©K¨¸wji cÖwZ Ges Gi

d‡j K¬v‡q‡›Ui ‡Kvb wel‡qi cÖwZ AvU‡K hvIqv ev ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Z_¨ nvwi‡q †djvi m¤¢vebv¸‡jv Kgv‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|

Avcwb KL‡bv wm×všÍ wb‡Z cv‡ib (mycviwfkbmn) †h mvs¯‹…wZK wek¦vm ev PP©v (‡hgb- al©‡Y †`vl wfKwU‡gi, cÖnvi K‡i

†cÖZAvZ¥v‡K Zvwo‡q gvbwmK Amy¯’Zv `~i Kiv hvq) hv cÖK…Zc‡ÿB ¶wZKi, Zv P¨v‡jÄ Kiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Avcwb GwU

Ki‡Z cv‡ib A‡bK ms‡e`bkxjZvi mv‡_ hv‡Z K¬v‡q›U B›Uvi‡fbkb Pvwj‡q †h‡Z B”QzK _v‡K|


wKQy K¬v‡q›U i‡q‡Qb hviv GKB wj‡½i mvnvh¨Kvixi mv‡_ KvR Ki‡Z †ewk ¯v̂”Q›`¨ †eva K‡ib| †hLv‡b m¤¢e, Avcbvi

GB eë¯’v Kiv DwPZ| K¬v‡q›U Gi cQ‡›ìi fvlv ev ¯’vbxq fvlvI Avcbvi we‡ePbv Kiv DwPZ| AveviI, †hLv‡b m¤¢e cÖvmw½K fvlv ev ’̄vbxq fvlvq K_v ej‡Z †hme mvnvh¨Kvix AvZ¥wek¦vmx Zv‡ì mv‡_ K¬v‡q›U‡K wgwj‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

†gŠwjK mnvqK `¶Zvmg~n

K¬v‡q›U Gi mv‡_ my¯’ m¤cK© Mo‡Z Avcbv‡K †ek wKQz ¸Yvejx Ges gvbwmK `¶Zv Aej¤^b I wbqwgZ Abykxjb Ki‡Z

n‡e| hLb Gme `¶Zvi eY©bv co‡eb Ggb GKUv mg‡qi K_v wPšZv Kiæb hLb GKRb Kv‡Qi eÜy ev cwiev‡ii m`m¨

†Kvb mgm¨vi K_v e‡j Avcbvi cÖwZ K…ZÁ wQj| m¤¢eZ Gi g‡a¨ A‡bK `¶Zv Avcwb Zv‡ì mv‡_ K_v ejvi mgq

eënvi K‡i‡Qb| GB `¶Zv¸‡jv n‡Z cv‡i LyeB ¯v̂fvweK Ges K¬v‡q›U‡ì †`Lv‡Z cv‡i †h Avcwb Zv‡ì K_v ïb‡Qb

Ges Zv‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z B”QzK|

K. †MvcbxqZv

K¬v‡q›U Gi mv‡_ Avcbvi m¤c‡K©i †¶‡Î wek¦vm Ges †MvcbxqZv ¸iæZ¡cyY©| K¬v‡q›U Gi Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb †h hLb Zviv

e¨w³MZ e¨vcv‡i †LvjvLywj K_v ej‡e, †mB Z_¨¸‡jv †Mvcb ev e¨w³MZ _vK‡e| GwU we‡kl K‡i mZ¨ Zv‡ì Rb¨ hviv

Lye KvQ †_‡K AvZ‡¼i AwfÁvi g‡a¨ w`‡q †M‡Q Ges GgbwK AviI †ewk hLb NUbvwU m¤c‡K© KjsK i‡q‡Q ( †hgbt

†hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi †¶‡Î)| hvB‡nvK, GB †MvcbxqZvi AvBwb mxgv m¤c‡K© m‡PZb nIqv K¬v‡q›U Gi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

D`vniY¯îƒc, †`‡ki AvBb I myi¶v Ges mvgwRK †mevmg~‡ni c×wZi Dci wfwË K‡i Avcbv‡K †MvcbxqZv f½ Ki‡Z

n‡Z cv‡i Ges K¬v‡q›U hw` wb‡Ri g„Zyï KviY n‡Z cv‡i wb‡Ri ev A‡bï Rb¨ ¶wZi SzuwK‡Z _v‡K Z‡e h_vh_

KZ©…c¶‡K ej‡Z n‡Z cv‡i.7

Pjgvb mycviwfkb †MvcbxqZvi †¶‡Î Av‡iKwU mxgv| mycviwfk‡b Avcwb mycvifvBmi I m¤¢ve¨ mvnvh¨Kvix `‡ji mv‡_

Avcwb K¬v‡q›U Gi mgm¨v Ges B›Uvi‡fbk‡bi AMÖMwZ m¤c‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡eb| mycviwfk B›Uvi‡fbk‡bi m‡e©v”P

BwZevPK cÖfve ˆZwi K‡i Ges Avcbvi K ¬v‡q›U‡K †MvcbxqZvi GB mxgv RvbvZ n‡e|

†MvcbxqZvi Ask wn‡m‡e, K¬v‡q›U†ì Gi me Z_¨ (†hgbt Zv‡ì g~j¨vqb djvdj, e¨w³MZ weeiY BZ¨vw`) GKwU

wbivc` I Zvjve× RvqMvq (‡hgbt GKwU bw_i †Kwe‡bU) ivLv ¸iæZ¡c~Y|8 cÖwZwU †mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z †hme g~j¨vqb Z_¨

†bIqv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jvi RbÏ GwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

7 This is an issue to consider when adapting this manual to the local context.


L. D‡ØM Av`vb-cÖ`vb (†hvMv‡hv‡Mi welq)

K¬v‡q›U mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y© `¶Zv| eyS‡Z †Póv Kiæb, Avcwb hZUv fvj cv‡ib, Avcbvi K¬v‡q›U Gi Ae¯’v,

Zvi Av‡eM Abyf~wZ hv †m AwfÁZv Ki‡Q| Ab¨w`‡K GUvI ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h Avcwb K¬v‡q›U Gi Abyf~wZi mv‡_ Lye Rwo‡q

hv‡eb bv Ges G¸‡jv Avcbvi wb‡Ri wnmv‡e K‡i MÖnY Ki‡eb bv| GwU Avcbv‡K Kv‡Ri gv‡S gvbwmK Pvc I

fvivµvšZ †eva Kiv‡Z cv‡i|

†hme wee„wZ D‡ØM cÖ`k©b K†i Zv wb¤œwjwLZ t

GUv Avcbvi Rb¨ Lye P¨v‡jwÄs/ wech© Í̄/ fqvbK (Ges GiKg kã) wQj g‡b n‡”Q|

Avwg Avcbvi gy‡L †`L‡Z cvw”Q GwU Avcbvi Rb¨ †Kgb †e`bv`vqK wQj|

Avcwb A‡bK Amyweavi m¤§yLxb n‡q‡Qb|

Avcwb A‡bK wKQzi †fZi w`‡q wM‡q‡Qb|

Avwg ïb‡Z cvw”Q GwU Avcbvi Rb¨ KZUv `ytLRbK/ fqsKi wQj|

M. A-‡gŠwLK `¶Zvmg~n

A-‡gŠwLK `¶ZvI K¬v‡q‡›Ui mv‡_ ‡hvMv‡hvM K‡i †h Avcwb Zv‡Ì ïb‡Qb Ges m‡PZb Av`vb-cÖ`v‡biI GKwU gva¨g

n‡Z cv‡i| Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q mvs¯‹…wZKfv‡e h_vh_ „̀wó ms‡hvM, ms¯‹…wZMZfv‡e h_vh_ gv_v bvov Ges, AwaKvsk

ms¯‹…wZi g‡a Avcbvi A½web¨vm †Lvjv ivLv (‡hgb Avcbvi evû AvovAvwo ivLv I k³ Ae¯’vb wb‡q emv Ges K¬v‡q›U

Gi wecixZ gyL Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKv)| KL‡bv KL‡bv Avcbvi K¬v‡q›U Gi Abyiƒc Abyf~wZ †`Lv‡bv cÖKvk K‡i †h Zviv

hv ej‡Q Avcwb Zv ïb‡Qb| Gi gv‡b n‡Z cv‡i hLb Zviv welYœZv c ÖKvk Ki‡Q ( KviY Zv‡ì †PvL AkÖæwm³) ZLb

Avcbvi gy‡LI welYœZv cÖKvk cv‡”Q| Avcwb wKQz msw¶ß †gŠwLK Bw½ZI eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib †h Avcwb ïb‡Qb, †hgb

ûg-ûg, nu¨v, Av”Qv Ges ûgg| GUv g‡b ivLv ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h Dc‡ii mg¯Í wel‡q mvs¯‹…wZK êwPÎZv _vK‡Z cv‡i|

8 One way of achieving confidentiality of information involves not adding personal details (the client’s name and contact

details) on the assessment forms. Instead, you would use a special code to identify each client on these forms. You would then need to store all personal details of the client and their specific code in a separate document. You should keep this document separate from the assessment and intervention information in another (different) place that should be locked.


N. Db¥y³Zv cÖKvk Kiv

e¨w³MZ, KwVb ev weeªZKi welq m¤c‡K© K_v ejvi mgq ¯ŵ¯Z †eva Ki‡Z K¬v‡q›U‡K mvnvh¨ Kiæb, †Lvjv g‡b K_v

ejvi Rb¨ abëv` ev GgbwK cÖK…Z cÖksmv Kiæb KviY Zviv welqwU Ly‡j e‡j‡Q| wPwKrmvi mgq wcGg+ †KŠkj¸‡jv‡Z

AskMÖnY Ges fvj nevi RbÏ Avcwb Zv‡ì cÖksmv Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

wKQz D`vniY wb‡P †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|

Avgv‡K GUv ejvi Rb¨ abëv`|

Avcwb †Mvcb Abyf~wZ¸‡jv Avgvi mv‡_ †kqvi Kivi mgq Lye mvnmx wQ‡jb|

GUv m¤c‡K© Avgvi mv‡_ K_v ejv nq‡Zv KwVb wQj, Avwg g‡b Kwi GwU Avcbvi Av‡iv‡Mï Rb¨ Lye mnvqK

n‡e|

Avwg †`L‡Z cvw”Q Avcwb mwZ¨B Pvc eë¯’vcbv wbqwgZ Abykxjb Kivi †Póv Ki‡Qb|

¯’vbxq cÖev™¸‡jv eënvi Kiæb t †hgb Avcbvi g‡bi g‡a¨ wK Av‡Q Zv †kqvi K‡i myL‡K wØ¸b I ỳtL‡K

A‡a©K Kiæb|

O. †fwj‡WwUs (mZ¨Zv mg_©b Kiv)

A‡bK K¬v‡q›U AcwiwPZ e¨w³i mv‡_ Zv‡ì mgm¨v m¤c‡K© K_v ej‡Z weeªZKi †eva Ki‡e| Zviv fve‡Z cv‡i †h †KD

Zv‡ì gZ K‡i GKBfv‡e Abyfe K‡i bv| Zviv AviI g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i †h Av‡eM ev e¨w³MZ Amyweav wb‡q K_v ejv

n‡”Q Zviv †h Amy¯’ n‡q co‡Q, Db¥v` n‡q hv‡”Q A_ev Zviv `ye©j ZviB GKwU Bw½Z| wKQz K¬v‡q›U Zv‡ì Abyf~wZi Rb¨

wb‡R‡ì‡K †`vlv‡ivcI Ki‡Z cv‡i| B›Uvi‡fbk‡bi gva¨‡g Gme fzj aviYv ~̀i Ki†Z mvnvh¨ KivI Riæwi| Avcwb

K¬v‡q‡›Ui mgm¨v ¯̂vfvweKi‡Yi Øviv Zv‡ì eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡ib †h A‡bK gvbylB GKB cÖwZwµqv Ges

Amyweav¸‡jv Abyfe K‡i| GwUB Zv‡ì Amyweavi mZ¨Zv mg_©b Kiv, hvi gv‡b n‡”Q Avcwb Zv‡ì Rvbv‡”Qb †h Zv‡ì

cÖwZwµqv¸‡jv †evaMg¨| GwU †hvMv‡hv‡MiI GKwU fvj Dcvq| hvB †nvK, Avgv‡ì civgk© n‡”Q Avcwb K¬v‡q›U‡K GUv

ej‡eb bv †h Avcwb Rv‡bb Zviv wK‡mi ga¨ w`‡q hv‡”Q| hwÌ Avcwb K¬v‡q›U‡ì AwfÁZvi mZ¨Zv mg_©b Kivi †Póv

Ki‡Qb, Z‡e K¬v‡q›U‡ì Rb¨ GUv wecixZ cÖfve †dj‡Z cv†i, Zviv Avcbv‡K wek¦vm bvI Ki‡Z cv‡i|

†fwj‡WwUs (mZ¨Zv mg_©b Kiv) Gi wKQz D`vniY wb‡P †Ìqv nj|

Avcwb LyeB KwVb AwfÁZvi ga¨ w`‡q wM‡q‡Qb Ges GUv Avðh©RbK bq †h Avcwb gvbwmK Pvc Abyfe

Ki‡eb|

Avcwb GBgvÎ hv eY©bv Ki‡Qb Zv GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z gvby‡li Rb¨ ¯^vfvweK cÖwZwµqv|

Avwg A‡bK gvby‡li mv‡_ KvR K‡iwQ hviv GKB iKgfv‡e Abyf~wZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb|

Avcbvi cÖwZwµqv¸‡jv A‡b‡KiB nq|

Avwg wew¯§Z nw”Q bv †h Avcwb GZ wePwjZ|

P. Avcbvi e¨w³MZ Av`k© Avjv`v K‡i ivLv

†gŠwjK mnvqK `¶Zvmg~n cÖ‡qvM wb‡`©k K‡i †h Avcbvi K¬v‡q†›Ui e¨w³MZ Av`k© I wek¦vm‡K memgq m¤§vb Kiv

cÖ‡qvRb| GwU P¨v‡jwÄs n‡Z cv‡i, we‡kl K‡i Avcwb hLb Zv‡ì Av`k© ev wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ GKgZ bv| Zviv Avcbv‡K

†h e¨vcv‡iB ejyK, Avcbvi K¬v‡q›U‡K wePvi Kiv DwPr bq| Gi gv‡b n‡”Q Avcwb wKfv‡e K¬v‡q›U Gi cÖwZ cÖwZwµqv

Ki‡eb Zvi Dci Avcbvi e¨w³MZ wek¦vm ev Av`‡k©i cÖfve co‡Z bv †Ìqv| wePvi bv K‡i ïay †kv‡b Ggb KvD‡K

cvIqvi AwfÁZv nqZ K¬v‡q›U Gi Av‡M bvI n‡Z cv‡i Ges GwU Avcbv‡K wek¦vm Ki‡Z Zv‡ì A‡bK mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z

cv‡i|


Q. Dc‡`k cÖ`vb

Avcbvi mvaviYZ K¬v‡q›U‡K Dc‡`k cÖ`vb Kiv DwPZ bv| Dc‡`k cÖ`vb ej‡Z Avcbvi Kv‡q›U‡K ¸iZ¡c~Y © Z_¨ wKsev

mnvqK Z_¨ cÖ`vb Kiv †_‡K wfbœ welq eySv‡bv nq (‡hgbt mnvqK †Kvb †Kvb AvBbMZ †mev wKsev mv¤cÖ`vwqK †Kvb

cÖwZôvb m¤c‡K© Rvbv‡bv)| Dc‡`k cÖ`vb ej‡Z eySvq K¬v‡q›U‡K eySv‡bv †h Zvi wK Ki‡Z n‡e ev wK Ki‡e bv (†hgb

Avcwb Avcbvi ¯^vgx‡K GB wel‡q ej‡eb bv)|

mvaviYZ me mnvqZvKvix wKsev †_ivwc÷ wKQz gvÎvq Dc‡`k w`‡Z Drmvnx _v‡K| GB Drmvn wKsev AvMÖn LyeB

¯v̂fvweK| D`vniY¯îƒct Ggb GKRb K¬v‡q›U whwb LyeB Amnvq Abyfe Ki‡Qb Ges welYœZvi j¶Y †`Lv w`‡”Q mgm¨v

wbqš¿Y c×wZmg~n‡K †g‡b eënvi Ki‡Z mgm¨vq co‡Qb, we‡kl K‡i Zv‡ì mgm¨vi mgvav‡bi †¶‡Î m¤¢ve¨ mgvavb

wb‡q wPšÍv Kiv | K¬v‡q‡›Ui †¶‡Î †KvbwU me †_‡K fv‡jv mgvavb n‡e †mUv Rvbv‡bvi Rb¨ Lye Drmvnx n‡q থাকেন

থথরাপিস্ট| Avcbvi mivmwi Dc‡`k cÖ`vb Gwo‡q Pj‡Z n‡e| hw` K¬v‡q›U Avcbvi KvQ †_‡K mivmwi Dc‡`‡ki Dci

wbf©i K‡i _v‡K, Z‡e wcGg+ wPwKrmv c×wZ †k‡l fwel¨‡Z Zviv wb‡R‡ì mgm¨v wbqš¿Y Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv |

G‡¶‡Î †h c×wZwU me †_‡K DcKvix n‡Z cv‡i Zv n‡”Q hLb Avcwb Dc‡`k w`‡Z Lye †ewk Drmvnx Abyfe Ki‡Qb

ZLb Avcwb K¬v‡q›U‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡Z cv‡ib †h Zviv G‡¶‡Î wK mycvwik Ki‡e Zv‡ì Kv‡Qi †Kvb gvbyl/eÜz wKsev

cwiev‡ii KvD‡K GKB cwiw¯’‡Z wK ej‡Z cvi‡Zb| †hgb a‡i †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i, GKRb K¬v‡q›U whwb LyeB

cÖZ¨vnvig~jK cwiw¯’wZ wKsev welYèZvq Av‡Qb wZwb nqZ A‡bï Rb¨ wb‡R‡K †evSv wn‡m‡e †`‡L †Kvb mvgvwRK mnvqZv

PvB‡eb bv| Zv‡ì Dc‡`k bv †Ìqv, †h Zv‡ì mn‡hvMxZv PvIqv DwPr Ges fvebv LyeB †bwZevPK Gme bv ejv|

Zv‡ì Kv‡Q GUv ejv †h‡Z cv‡i †h, Avcbvi †Kvb eÜy wKsev cwiev‡ii m`m¨ GKB cwiw ’̄‡Z GB iKg fve‡j Avcwb wK

ej‡Zb? Avcwb wK PvB‡Zb Zviv mgm¨v wb‡q GKvKx _vKzK bvwK mvnvh¨ PvIqvi Rb¨ GwM‡q Avm‡Z PvB‡Zb? Avcwb wK

ZLb Zv‡ìI †evSv g‡b Ki‡Zb? GB ai‡bi cÖkœ Zv‡ì mivmwi mvnvh¨ bv K‡i ev †Kvb wKQz Ki‡Z bv e‡j Zv‡ì

wb‡Ri fvebv m¤c‡K© eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i Ges Zv‡ì AvPiY‡K wfbœ `„wó‡KvY †_‡K †`L‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

Dc‡`k cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î ỳBwU wfbœ †¶Î i‡q‡Q hv we‡ePbv †hvM¨t

1. hLb Avcwb wcGg+ cÖ`vb Ki‡eb, K¬v‡q›U‡K wcGg+ Gi c×wZi Abyhvqx AviI mwµq nevi Rb¨ Dc‡`k w`‡eb,

mvgvwRK mnvqZv PvB‡Z ej‡eb Ges gvbwmK Pvc eë¯’vcbv Abykxjb Ki‡Z ej‡eb|

2. hLb Avcwb mgm¨v e¨c¯’vcbv wkLv‡eb, ZLb Avcbvi j¶¨ n‡”Q K¬v‡q›U‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z n‡e wKfv‡e mgvavbmg~n

Zvi mgm¨v eë¯’vcbvq mvnvh¨ Ki‡e| GB av‡c, K¬v‡q‡›Ui Aek¨B wKQz Amn‡hvMx mgvavb i‡q‡Q hv mnvqK wn‡m‡e

KvR K‡iwb (‡hgb; Ggb mgvavb hvi Kvi‡bi kvixwiK Ges gvbwmK ¯v̂‡¯’̈ i Dci cÖfve †d‡j, ¶wZKviK Ges

A‰bwZK KvR Ges AviI Ab¨vb¨)| Avcbvi K¬v‡q›U‡K GUv eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z n‡e †h GB mgvav‡bi c×wZmg~n

Avm‡jB mnvqK A_ev ¶wZKviK| K¬v‡q›U‡K DrmvwnZ Kiæb Zvi †e‡Q †bIqv ¶wZKviK c×wZwU eyS‡Z, Avcwb

Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡Z cv‡ib †h Zviv Zv‡ì Kv‡Q eÜy wKsev cwiev‡ii gvbyl‡K GB GKB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z _vK‡j

Zv‡ì wK ej‡Zb (†hgb, Avcwb wK Zv‡ì‡K mgvavb wn‡m‡e GB c×wZwU eënvi Ki‡Z ej‡Zb?)Ó| hw` K¬v‡q›U

Ggb c×wZ eënvi K‡i _v‡K hv Avm‡jB ¶wZKi †mw`‡K hw` cÖwZwbqZ Zv Ki‡Q ( †hgb, †bkv Kiv, A‰bwZK ev

AvBb we‡ivax †Kvb KvR K‡i _v‡K) Z‡e G‡¶‡Î Avcwb mivmwi Zvi G mgvavb¸‡jv‡K ¶wZKviK AvPiY wn‡m‡e

wPwýZ Kiæb| GUvI ¸iæZ¡cyY © †h Avcbvi K¬v‡q›U‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e †h GB AvPiYmg~n †Kb ¶wZKviK †h mgc‡K©

†hŠw³K KviY e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z n‡e (Ab¨w`‡K Zvi AvPi‡Yi ciewZ© mgm¨v Ges Zvi ¶wZKi djvdj m¤c‡K©

Rvbv‡bv), GB e¨vL¨vmg~n Aek¨B Avcbvi wbR¯̂ g~j¨‡eva Abyhvqx n‡e bv|

অধ্যায় ৩

ম ৌলিক সহায়তাকারী দক্ষতা


K¬v‡q›U-mnvqZvKvixi m¤cK©t

ক. mnvq‡Ki f~wgKvt

wKQz e¨w³i †¶‡Î, mnvqZvKvixi mv‡_ †`Lv Kiv wb‡Ri ỳe©jZv †g‡b †bIqvi mv‡_ m¤c„³ K‡i †d‡j| GB Kvi‡Y,

cy‡iv wPwKrmv c×wZi A_ev Gi Askwe‡kl Gi mv‡_ fv‡jvfv‡e AšÍf©z³ n‡Z KóKi n‡q c‡i| A‡b‡K Avcbv‡K nqZ

Wv³vi wKsev †Kvb MZvbyMwZK wPwKrmK wn‡m‡e g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i, Ges Avkv Ki‡Z cv‡i †h Avcbvi Øviv mewKQz wVK

wKsev wPwKrmv n‡q hv‡e| GUv LyeB ¸iæZ¡cyb© †h †mkb PjvKvjxb mg‡q Aek¨B Avcbvi f‚wgKv m¤c‡K© K¬v‡q›U‡K Z_¨

w`‡q ¯̂vfvweK Ki‡Z n‡e|

wcGg+G , Avcwb Avcbvi f‚wgKv †evSv‡Z wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ †gjv‡Z cv‡ib ( GB Av‡jvPbvi †k‡l wKQz e¨wZµg Dcgv

†`‡L wb‡Z cv‡ib)

wk¶K Zvi QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì Z_¨ cÖ`vb Ges Zv‡ì wkL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K| hvB‡nvK, wk¶Kiv Zvi

QvÎ-QvÎxi cix¶vi w`‡q †`q bv wKsev e‡j †`bbv †h wK wjL‡Z n‡e| Zviv ïaygvÎ Gfv‡eB mvnvh¨

Ki‡Z cv‡i †h hZUzKz m¤¢e Zv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì cix¶vi cÖ ‘̄wZi Rb¨ ˆZwi Kiv | QvÎ-QvÎxiB cÖK…Z

`vwqZ¡ †kÖwYK‡ÿ ï‡b Ges cov‡kvbvi gva¨‡g cixÿvq fvj Kiv| hwÌ Avcwb cÖvß-eq¯‹, Avgv‡ì

m¤cK©I wVK †m iKgB | Avwg Avcbv‡K wKQz ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ges mnvqK c×wZ †kLv‡ev , wKš‘ cÖK…Zc‡¶

GB c×wZ Abykxjb Kivi `vwqZ¡ Avcbvi| Avwg Avcbvi KvR¸‡jv K‡i w`‡Z cvie bv| Avcwb

Avcbvi cÖwZw`‡bi Rxebm~wP‡K cix¶vq emv †mB wkïi mv‡_ Zzjbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GUv Avcbvi

`vwqZ¡ †h KZfv‡jvfv‡e GB c×wZmg~n cÖwZw`b cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z cv‡ib| ZvQvov , Avwg Avcbv‡K

mnvqZv Kie Ges Avcbv‡K ˆZwi Kivi Rb¨ hZUzKz m¤¢e mvnvh¨ Kie|

GKBfv‡e, Avcbvi ¸iæZ¡ †Ìqv DwPZ †h, GB K‡¶ Avcbviv ỳBRbB `¶| Avcwb GjvKvi MÖnY‡hvM¨ D`vniY eënvi

Ki‡Z cv‡ib| Avcwb Abyf‚wZi Dci `¶ Ges Avcwb cv‡ib `ye©j Av‡e‡Mi KviY †ei Ki‡Z Ges Zvi Lvivc nevi

j¶Ymg~n Kwg‡q wb‡q Avm‡Z| Avi K¬v‡qU Zvi wb‡Ri Rxeb m¤c‡K© `¶, †h m¤c‡K© Avcwb KgB Rv‡bb| GQvovI

K¬v‡q›U Zv‡ì mgm¨vi we‡kl aib m¤c‡K© Ges wKfv‡e Zvi Rxe‡bi Dci Zv cÖfve †dj‡Q †m m¤c‡K© Rv‡bb| j¶¨

n‡”Q †h, GB ỳB we‡kl Ávb‡K GK RvqMvq wb‡q Avmv| K¬v‡q‡›Ui AvZ¥wek¦vm evov‡Z n‡e Ges Avcwb †h Zvi me

mgm¨vi mgvavb ïaygvÎ Avcwb Ki‡eb †m m¤cwK©Z †h fzj cÖPwjZ avibv Av‡Q †m m¤c‡K© Rvbv‡bv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

K¬v‡q›U - mnvqKKvixi m¤cK© e¨wZµgx Dcgvi gva¨‡g eY ©bv Kivt

cÖvß-eq¯‹‡ì wk¶v m¤cwK©Z Dcgvt wcGg+ n‡”Q cÖvß-eq¯‹‡ì bZzb `¶Zv †kLv‡bv, †hgb bZzb K…wl

hš¿cvwZ wKsev c×wZ eënvi| wk¶K Zvi wk¶vbwem‡K me Z_¨ w`‡e hv‡Z wZwb bZzb hš¿cvwZ eënvi Ki‡Z

cv‡ib| wk¶K Qvov wb‡R wb‡R wkÿvbexm‡K bZzb hš¿ wKsev c×wZ wb‡Ri Rwg‡Z eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡Z n‡e|

wPwKrmv- welqK Dcgvt hwÌ Wv³vi wPwKrmvi Rb¨ kvixwiK †ivM mviv‡Z mivmwi fv‡e A‡bK mycvwik K‡i

_v‡K, wKš‘ cÖK…Zc‡¶ wbivg‡qi `vwqZ¡ †ivMxi | Zv‡ì wPwKrmvi civgk©mg~n †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e, †hLv‡b we‡kl

ai‡bi Lvevi LvIqv Gwo‡q Pj‡Z n‡e, wewfbœ gvÎvi Jlya †bIqv A_ev wewfbœ A‡q›U‡g›U eënvi Ki‡Z n‡Z

cv‡i| Wv³vi GB wRwblmg~n †ivMxi Rb¨ mivmwi K‡i _v‡K bv, wKš‘ wkwL‡q _v‡K †h wKfv‡e Zviv GB

wb‡ ©̀kbvmgyn me †_‡K fv‡jvfv‡e †g‡b Pj‡Z cv‡i Ges †ivMx‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡ib |


GB welqwU mnvqZvKvixi †¶‡ÎI cÖ‡hvR¨| Avcwb Gfv‡e ej‡Z cv‡ib †h, ÒAvcbvi gvbwmK my¯’Zv Ges

Rxeb eë¯’v Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ Avwg Avcbv‡K wKQz mycvwik I cÖwk¶YI mnvqZv w`†ev Ges GB c×wZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi

Rb¨ wKš‘ G¸‡jv Abykxjb Kiv Ges Zv Avcbvi Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvM Kivi `vwqZ¡ Avcbvi|Ó

†Ljv cÖwkÿ‡Ki Dcgvt †Ljvi †Kv‡Pi f‚wgKv n‡”Q †L‡jvqvo‡K Zvi Abykxjb Kvh©µg †kLv‡bv Ges mnvqZv

Kiv| hvB‡nvK, †KvP Zvi †L‡jvqv‡oi Rb¨ wb‡R †Ljvq AskMÖnY K‡i bv | †L‡jvqv‡oi `vwqZ¡ n‡”Q Zvi

cÖwk¶‡Yi mgq †Kv‡Pi wb‡ ©̀kbv Ges Dc‡`k †g‡b Pjv | GB GKB m¤cK© Avcwb Ges K¬v‡q‡›Ui †¶‡Î

cÖ‡hvR¨| Avcbvi f‚wgKv n‡”Q K¬v‡qU‡K c×wZ †kLv‡bv Ges ev¯Ze Rxe‡b Zv Abykxjb Ki‡Z wb‡ ©̀kbv

†Ìqv| wKš‘ K¬v‡q›U‡KB Zvi c×wZmg~n Zvi cÖvZ¨wnK Rxe‡b eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e| Avcwb Zv K‡i w`‡Z

cvi‡eb bv|

L. Awb”QzK K¬v‡q‡Ui †¶‡Ît

wKQz K¬v‡qU ïiæi w`‡K Avcbvi mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z A¯̂w¯Z Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡ib| GUv wewfbœ cwim‡i I Kvi‡Y n‡Z cv‡i,

†hgbt

wek¦v‡mi Afve;

gvbwmK ¯^v¯’̈ m¤c‡K© Kzms¯‹vi;

K…wóMZfv‡e nqZ gvbwmK ¯v̂ ’̄¨ †mev m¤c‡K© AÁvZ _vKv;

wcGg+ m¤c‡K© cÖK…Z aviYvi Afve wKsev fzj aviYv ivLv;

†_ivwc÷/ mnvqKKvix wn‡m‡e Avcbvi f‚wgKv m¤c‡K© aviYvi Afve;

cvwievwiK Pv‡c wcGg+ G †hvM`vb Kiv;

Zviv wK Abyfe Ki‡Q Zv cÖKvk Ki‡Z j¾v Abyfe K‡i;

Zviv wKfv‡e Lvc LvIqv‡”Q Zv ej‡Z j¾v Abyfe K‡i;

wj½MZ Kvi‡Y, †hgb e¨w³MZ welq m¤c‡K© wecixZ wj‡½i Kv‡Q ej‡Z bv PvIqv|

†hŠb welq wb‡q Kzms¯‹vi|

GLv‡b ewY©Z `¶Zvmg~n ax‡i ax‡i mg‡qi mv‡_ mvgvÄm¨c~b©fv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡j, †`L‡Z cv‡eb †h ax‡i ax‡i

K¬v‡q›U ¯ŵ¯Í Abyfe Kiv ïiæ K‡i‡Q Ges ax‡i ax‡i wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Kiv ïiæ K‡i‡Q| ZeyI wKQz K¬v‡q›U h‡_ó Awb”QzK

Ges j¾v †c‡q _v‡K| mnvqKKvix wn‡m‡e Avcbvi cÖ‡qvRb Avcbvi mycvifvBmv‡ii mv‡_ K_v ejv| Avcbvi K¬v‡qU

hw` wcGg+ MÖnY Kivi mgq wb‡R‡K cy‡ivcywi cÖKvk Ki‡Z ˆZwi bv n‡Z PvB‡j Zvi wm×všÍ‡K m¤§vb Kiv cÖ`k©b|

GLv‡b nqZ †Kvb ARvbv KviY _vK‡Z cv‡i Ges Avcwb nqZ KL‡bvB GB KviY¸‡jv Rvb‡eb bv | GB K¬v‡q›Uiv nqZ

K_v ej‡Z cÖwZeÜKZv Abyfe K‡i , ZvB Zviv nqZ †Zgb †Kvb Z_¨ Avcbv‡K w`‡Z Pv‡”Q bv| Avcwb hLb AgvwqK

Ges m¤§vb cÖ`k©b K‡i K¬v‡qU‡K K_v ejv‡Z PvB‡eb, Aek¨B j¶¨ Ki‡eb †h Avcwb hv‡Z Zv‡ì Dci †Kvb ai‡bi

Pvc m„wó bv K‡i _v‡Kb| GUv we‡kl K‡i †m me K¬v‡q‡›Ui †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ hv‡ì nqZ †hŠb wbh©vZb wKsev nqivwbi gZ

NUbv i‡q‡Q| GUv LyeB ¸iæZ¡cyY© †h Avcvbv‡K Zv‡ì e¨w³MZ Z_¨ Rvbvi †¶‡Î B”Qv Ges D`vi _vK‡Z n‡e, wKš‘ GUv

ejvi wm×všZ cy‡ivUvB Zvi Dci wbf©i K‡i| hw` K¬v‡q›U GB welq wb‡q K_v ej‡Z bv Pvq Z‡e, Avcbvi m¤c‡K©i

Kvi‡Y Zv‡K m¤§vb cÖ`k©b Kiv ¸iæZ¡cyY©|

GB Ae¯’vq Avcwb ej‡Z cv‡ib;

Avwg †`L‡Z cvw”Q GB welqwU wb‡q K_v ejv‡Z Avcwb wech© ’̄ n‡q hv‡”Qb Ges Avwg †mUvi

m¤§vb cÖ`k©b KiwQ| hvB‡nvK, Avwg ej‡Z Pvw”Q Avcwb hw` cybivq GB welq wb‡q K_v ej‡Z

Pvb, Avwg GB welq wb‡q †h‡Kvb mgq Avcbvi K_v ïb‡Z ˆZwi AvwQ|


A_ev, †Kvb GKwU we‡kl welq wb‡q K_v ej‡Z wM‡q hw` †`L‡Z cvb †h, K¬v‡q›U‡K LyeB gg ©vnZ †`Lv‡”Q| wKš‘ †mUvI

e‡jwb †h †m GB welq wb‡q K_v ej‡Z Pvq bv| G‡¶‡Î Avcwb Zv‡Ì ej‡Z cv‡ib †h, hw` Zviv Pvq Z‡e Zviv GB

welq wb‡q K_v ejv eÜ K‡i w`‡Z cv‡i| wKQz K¬v‡q›U GUv wek¦vm K‡i †h , Avcwb hvB ej‡eb ZvB Zviv Ki‡e GgbUv

Avkv K‡i _v‡K, Gi g‡a¨ ¯ck©KvZi Ges e¨w³MZ welqI AšÍf ©y³ i‡q‡Q|

G‡¶‡Î Avcwb ej‡Z cv‡ib †h,

welq wb‡q K_v ej‡Z Avcbv‡K LyeB wech© ’̄ †`Lv‡”Q| Avwg Avcbvi K_v ïb‡Z LyeB AvMÖnx Ges

Avcbv‡K GB welq wb‡q K_v ej‡Z mvnvhÏ Ki‡Z PvB wKš‘ Avwg Avcbv‡K Rvbv‡Z PvB †h Avgiv

wK welq wb‡q K_v ej‡Z PvB Zv wb‡q Avcwb wm×všZ wb‡Z cv‡ib Ges Avcwb hw` Pvb †Kvb GKwU

Ae¯’vq †_‡g †h‡Z wKsev NUbvi we‡kl GKwU Ask wb‡q K_v ej‡Z bv Pvb Z‡e †mUv wVK Av‡Q|

M. kvixwiK †hvMv‡hvM

wKQz wKQz ms¯‹…wZ‡Z kvixwiK ¯ck© eënvi K‡i _v‡K, †hgb eÜyi nvuUz‡Z nvZ †i‡L mnvqZv cÖ`v‡bi AvnŸvb K‡i _v‡K,

GUv LyeB MÖnY‡hvM¨| Ab¨ ms¯‹…wZ‡Z GB kvixwiK ¯ck© h_vh_ bvI †`L‡Z cv‡i| Avcbv‡K Aek¨B GB mvs¯‹…wZK

wfbœZv m¤c‡K© m‡PZb _vK‡Z n‡e Ges †m¸‡jv kª×v Ki‡Z n‡e| mvaviYZ, Avgiv K¬v‡q›U‡K mnvqZv Ges D‡ØM

cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ kvixwiK ‡hvMv‡hvM wKsev ¯ck © AbyrmvwnZ K‡i _vwK| Gi djvdj wn‡m‡e hv‡Z ¯ck©‡K wb‡q †Kvb

åvšZ- aviYv wKsev A¯^w¯Zi m„wó bv nq ZvB GUv Gwo‡q Pjv nq|

N. Ae¯’vb/ cwi‡ek t

K¬v‡q‡›Ui mv‡_ †mkb Pvwj‡q hvevi †¶‡Î Avcbvi DwPZ GKwU e¨w³MZ, ¯v̂”Q›`¨gq RvqMv †e‡Q †bIqv| K¬v‡q‡›U‡K

we‡kl †Kvb myweavRbK ¯’v‡b †mkb Pvwj‡q hvIqv wb‡q Rvb‡Z PvB‡Z cv‡ib| GB iKg †Kvb Ae¯’vb hw` mPivPi bv

cvIqv hvq , GUv wb‡q K¬v‡q‡›U‡K wR‡Ám Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i Ges Ab¨ mgvavb †g‡b †bIqv †h‡Z cv‡i| Gi gv‡b GB †h,

hLb Avcwb eyS‡eb †h Avcwb †MvcbxqZv i¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb bv †m‡¶‡Î Avcwb Lye †Mvcb welq wb‡q K_v ejv Gwo‡q

Pj‡Z cv‡ib|

O. wb‡Ri wech©̄ ’Zvi wbqš¿‡Yi eë¯’v Kivt

†hme gvbyl A‡bK †ewk gvÎvq `y ©̀kvi ga¨ w`‡q hvq Zv‡ì K_v †kvbv Ges Zv‡ì wb‡q KvR Kiv L ye kªgmva¨ Ges Ggb

wK wKQz gvby‡li Rb¨ GUv wech© ’̄KiI n‡q c‡i| GUv mnvqZvKvix wKsev †_ivcx‡÷i †¶‡Î A¯v̂fvweK bq †h Zviv

cÖwZwbqZ gvby‡li ỳ ©̀kvi K_v ï‡b wb‡R‡K fvivµvšÍ K‡i †dj‡Z cv‡i| GB fvivµvšÍ Ab~fzwZ Ges AwZwi³ gvÎvq

wech© Í̄Zvi Kvi‡Y (D`vt gvbwmK Pvc, gb Lvivc, `ywðšZv, ivM, Amnvq‡eva Ges Ab¨vb¨) gg©vnZ ev nZvkvi ga¨

w`‡q †h‡Z cv‡ib; GB †¶‡Î Avcwb GB KvR mg~n we‡ePbv Ki‡Z cv‡ibt

Avcbvi mnKg©x wKsev mycvifvBmv‡ii mv‡_ wbqwgZ K_v ejyb|

K¬v‡q‡›Ui †mk‡bi g‡a¨ h_vh_ weiwZ ivLyb ZvwjKv e× K‡i (weiwZi g‡a¨ iB‡e mnKg©xi mv‡_ K_v ejv,

ax‡i ax‡i k¦vmcÖk¦vm Abykxjb Kiv, wKsev Pvc wbqš¿Y K‡i GiKg wKQz c×wZ †g‡b Pjv wKsev †Kvb

Avb›``vqK KvR Kiv) ।

mvnvh¨ PvIqv (D`vt mycvifvBmv‡ii mv‡_ K_v ejv) hw` Avcwb wech© ’̄ Abyfe K‡ib wKsev Avcwb Ab¨ ‡Kvb KvR Ki‡Z †M‡j hw` Avcbvi G KvR Avcbv‡K Kó wKsev weeªZ K‡i _v‡K (†hgbt Avcwb Nygv‡Z †Póv Ki‡Q

wKš‘ Avcbvi we‡kl †Kvb K¬v‡q‡›Ui K_v Avcwb evi evi fve‡Qb)|


cÖwZeÜKZvi Dc¯’vcbv wKsev †cÖ¶vcUmg~nt

9 See Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC) (2015). Guidelines for Integrating Gender-Based Violence Interventions

in Humanitarian Action. Geneva: IASC.

1. †hŠb wbh©vZb Ges AvNvZg~jK AwfÁZvi Ab¨vb¨ Nwbó aibt

hviv †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi wkKvi ev Ab¨vb¨ aib †h¸‡jv‡K Avgiv ÒAvNvZg~jK AwfÁZvi Nwbó aibÓ ( †hgbt †hŠb

wbh©vZb, kvixwiK wbh©vZb Ges Zxeª cvwievwiK msNvZ) wn‡m‡e GLv‡b AvL¨vwqZ KiwQ Zv‡ì mvnvh¨ Kivi Rb¨

PviwU Kvi‡b AwZwi³ ms‡e`bkxj nIqv cÖ‡qvRbt

1. whwb †eu‡P wM‡q‡Qb wZwb nqZ wbivc` bvI _vK‡Z cv‡ib, Ges †mB AwfÁZv cybivq NU‡Z cv‡i|

2. GB ai‡bi NUbvi gvbwmK cÖfve mvaviYZ Zxeª ûgywKi m¤§yLxb wKsev AvZ¼Ki n‡Z cv‡i| Zviv AvNv‡Zi

gvbwmK Pv‡ci AwfÁZvi ga¨ w`‡q †h‡Z _v‡K, Ges GB GKB NUbv evievi Gov‡bvi †Póv Ki‡Z _v‡K|

3. GB NUbv-mg~n mvaviYZ e¨w³MZ Ges mvgvwRK fv‡e wbwl× n‡q _v‡K, whwb †eu‡P hvb Zv‡ì †¶‡Î

G¸‡jv ejv Ges mnvqZv †bIqv KwVb n‡q c‡i।

4. whwb †eu‡P wM‡q‡Qb Zv‡ì mv‡_ wK n‡q‡Q GUv hw` Abïv †R‡b hvq, Z‡e Zv‡K A‡bK ai‡bi Kzms¯‹vi, †bwZevPK fvebv Ges cwievi I m¤cÖ`vq †_‡K Ae‡njvi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡i|

Ab¨vb¨ ỳ`©kvq fz³‡fvMxiv Avcbvi mv‡_ Zv‡ì AwfÁZv m¤c‡K© Rvbv‡e, Zviv wb‡R‡ì h_v_ © e‡j g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i

(Ab¨ fv‡e ejv hvq, Avcwb †evSv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡eb †h Zv‡ì mv‡_ †h AvNvZ`vqK NUbv N‡U‡Q Zv Avcwb eyS‡Z

†c‡i‡Qb)| hviv Nwbó AvNvZg~jK AwfÁZvi ai‡bi wkKvi †c‡q _v‡K, A‡bK †¶‡Î Zviv wb‡Ri‡ì Ae¯’vb‡K †g‡b

wb‡Z Pvq bv, KviY Zviv GB welq wb‡q K_v ej‡Z Pvq bv, Zv‡ì A‡bK mgq Pzc _vKvi Rb¨ gvbwmK Pvc Abyfe K‡i

_v‡K wKsev Zviv Avm‡j wek¦vm Ki‡Z Pvq bv| cwiw¯’wZ Av‡iv Lvivc n‡q hvq, hLb gvbyl Zv‡ì gh ©v`v nvwb K‡i hLb

gvbyl Zv‡ì mv‡_ N‡U hvIqv NUbv wb‡q wb‡R nvwmZvgvkv K‡i _v‡K wKsev Zv‡ìB †`vlv‡ivc K‡i _v‡K| cwievi wKsev

m¤cÖ`v‡qi AeÁvi d‡j Zviv AviI fqven `y`©kvi ga¨ w`‡q hvq (‡hgbt `wi ª̀Zv)| wKQz wKQy mgv‡R e¨w³ hw` †hŠb

wbh©vZb wb‡q †LvjvLywj K_v e‡j _v‡K Z‡e cwiw¯’wZ Av‡iv Lviv‡ci w`‡K †h‡Z _v‡K| ZvB Zviv hLb GB ai‡bi

Kv‡Qi †e`bv`vqK AvNv‡Zi NUbv e‡j wKsev Avcbvi Kv‡Q cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K, Zviv cÖK…Zc‡¶ h‡_ó gvÎvi mvnwmKZvi

cwiPq w`‡”Q| Avcbv‡Ì Zv‡ì †¶‡Î cÖwZwµqv cÖKv‡ki †¶‡Î m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| GLv‡b †MvcbxqZv GKwU cÖ‡qvRbxq

welq|

hviv al©b wKsev †hŠb wbh©vZb †_‡K †eu‡P hvq Zv‡Ì A‡bK wel‡qi w`‡K †Lqvj ivLv cÖ‡qvRb nq| Zviv nqZ mvgvwRK,

AvBbMZ Ges kvixwiK ¯^v ’̄¨ mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb n‡Z cv‡i| Avcbvi Zv‡ì cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ †hme †mev Ges

mnvqZvmg~n i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv m¤c‡K© Rvbv‡Z n‡e|9

GB g¨vbyqvjwU `yN©Ubvq gvbwmK AvNvZRwbZ gvbwmK wPwKrmv ev Uªgv †dvKvm&W mvB‡Kv‡_ivwc c×wZ wb‡q c„_K fv‡e

Av‡jvPbv K‡iwb| G‡¶‡Î, GUv Avcbv‡K mvaviY wKQz mnvqKc×wZ m¤c‡K© †kLv‡e, whwb †Kvb `xN© cÖwk¶Y †c‡q

_v‡Kb Z‡e †m wbivc` fv‡eB †mev cÖ`vb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| A‡bK †¶‡Î, GB mvaviY gvbwmK wPwKrmv c×wZ-mg~n

Avcbvi K¬v‡q›U‡K mnvqZv Ki‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨vb¨ †¶‡Î, hw` K¬v‡q‡›Ui GB welq-mg~n †_‡K _v‡K Z‡e Zv‡ì Av‡iv

DbœZ PwKrmv w`‡Z n‡e hv GB g¨byqvjwU‡Z eY ©bv Kiv nqwb| A‡bK K¬v‡q‡Èi †¶‡Î GB NUbv¸‡jv cÖKvk KivB n‡q

D‡V bv, Zv‡ì e¨w³MZ AvPiY Ges Zv‡ì mv‡_ m¤c„³ Kzms¯‹v‡ii Kvi‡Y|

hLwb e¨w³ Zv‡ì AšÍi½ AvNv‡Zi e¨vcvi wb‡q ejvi wm×všÍ wb‡q _v‡K, Avcbvi Zvi NUbv †kvbvi AvMÖn Ges

Ams‡KvP cÖKvk Kiv ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| cy‡e©B ejv n‡q‡Q, K¬v‡q›U Zvi AwfÁZv †kvbv‡bv Ges h_v_ ©Zvi my‡hvM w`‡Z A¯̂xK…wZI

Rvbv‡Z cv‡i|


A‡bK KwgDwbwU‡Z Zv‡ì AwfÁZv, Zv‡ì mv‡_ hv n‡q‡Q Zvi Rb¨ A‡b‡KB Zv‡ì‡K wg_¨v Acev` w`‡q _v‡K wKsev

Zv‡ì †bwZevPK fv‡e †`‡L| hLb †Kvb K¬v‡q›U Avcbv‡K Zvi AvNvZg~jK AwfÁZvi Nwbó aib m¤c‡K© Avcbv‡K

e‡j, Zv‡ì cÖwZ Avcbvi mZZvi mv‡_ †Lqvj ivLv Ges cÖv_wgK mnvqK c×wZ cÖ‡qvM Kiv Riæwi n‡q c‡i| hvB‡nvK,

Lye `ªæZB wPwKrmv c×wZi g‡a¨ Xz‡K hvevi cÖ‡qvRb †bB, wKš‘ Avcbvi Zv‡K Zvi NUbv ejvi Rb¨ m¤§vb cÖ`k©b Kiv

cÖ‡qvRb, Zvi K_v †kvbv Ges cÖksmv Kiv cÖ‡qvRb| GUv Kivi GKUv Dcvq n‡”Q, Lye ax‡i ax‡i Zv‡ì e‡j hvIqv

K_vi mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e, †gŠwjK mnvqZvKvix `¶Zv eënvi Ki‡Z n‡e hv c~‡e© GB Aa¨v‡q ejv n‡q‡Q| hLb

Avcbvi g‡b n‡e †h Avcbvi K¬v‡q›U‡K Avcwb h_vh_ m¤§vb Ges gh©v`v w`‡q ïb‡Qb, Avcwb ax‡i ax‡i mwµq mnvq‡Ki

f‚wgKvq Avm‡Z cvi‡eb Ges g¨vbyqv‡j ewY©Z h_v‡hvM¨ c×wZmg~n cÖ‡qvM Kiv ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e (D`vt gvbwmK Pvc

eë¯’vcbv BZ¨vw`)|

Avcbvi wK Kiv DwPZ hLb Avcbvi g‡b n‡e †h Avcbvi K¬v‡q‡›Ui nqZ †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi BwZnvm _vK‡Z cv‡i?

KL‡bv Avcwb nqZ GB Z_¨ m¤c‡K© †R‡b _vK‡Z cv‡ib †h Avcbvi K¬v‡q›U †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi ¯x̂Kvi n‡q‡Q (†hgb

m¤cÖ`v‡qi †jvKgy‡Li K_vi gva¨‡g) | hvB‡nvK, Avcbvi K¬v‡q›U nqZ Avcbvi mv‡_ GB Z_¨ †mk‡b ej‡Z Pv‡”Q bv |

GUv Lye m¼URwbZ wØavwšẐ Ae¯’v| GUv LyeB ¸iZ¡c~b© †h Avcwb Zvr¶wbK fv‡e GUv a‡i wb‡Z cv‡ib bv †h †hŠb

wbh©vZ‡bi NUbv N‡U‡Q| GB Ae¯’vq Avcwb mycvifvBmv‡ii mv‡_ K_v e‡j wb‡eb|

hw` Avcwb Ggb †f‡e _v‡Kb †h mgmvgwqK Kv‡j †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi NUbv N‡U‡Q Ges Avcwb Avcvbvi K¬v‡q‡›Ui wbivcËv

wb‡q wPwšÍZ †m‡¶‡Î Avcbvi K¬v‡q›Ui Kv‡Q wR‡Ám KivB m‡e©vËg g‡b K‡ib| hw` Avcwb GUv Kivi wm×všÍ wb‡q

_v‡Kb Z‡e m¤§vb Ges gh©v`vi cÖ`k©bc~e©K Rvbv ¸iæZ¡c~b©|‡hgb Avcwb ej‡Z cv‡ib †h, GLv‡b wKQz welq i‡q‡Q hv

wb‡q Avwg Avcbvi mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z PvB Avwg Avcbv‡K A¯̂w Í̄i wKsev j¾vq †dj‡Z PvB bv †Kvb fv‡eB| wKš‘ Avwg

Avcbvi wbivcËv wb‡q fvewQ Ges Avwg GUv wbwðZ Ki‡Z PvB †h Avcwb wbivc` Av‡Qb Ges wVK Av‡Qb| GUv cy‡ivcywi

Avcbvi wm×všÍ †h Avcwb GB welq wb‡q Avgvi mv‡_ K_v ej‡Z Pvb ev bv Pvb, wVK Av‡Q? hv Avcbv‡K A¯̂w Í̄i g‡a¨

†d‡j †`q Zv wb‡q K_v ejvi Rb¨ Avwg Avcbv‡K †Kvb Pvc cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z PvB bv| wKš‘ Avwg wPwšÍZ †h, wKQzw`‡bi g‡a¨

Avcbvi mv‡_ Avcbvi B”Qvi evB‡i †h KvRwU Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Avcbvi mv‡_ Zv cybivq NUvi m¤¢vebv I SzuwK i‡q‡Q|

GUv A‡bK bvix wKsev cyiæ‡li mv‡_ n‡q _vK‡Z cv‡i Ges GUv NUvi †`vl Avcbvi bq| Avwg Aek¨B GB NUbv wb‡q

Avcbv‡K wePvi Ki‡Z hve bv| GUv g‡b ivL‡eb Avgvi mycvifvBmvi Qvov, Avwg Avcbvi mv‡_ N‡U hvIqv NUbv Ab¨

KvD‡K Rvbv‡ev bv | hw` GgbUv n‡q _v‡K, Avcwb Avgvi mv‡_ GB welq wb‡q K_v ej‡Z cv‡ib wbtms‡Kv‡P | Gfv‡eB

Avwg Avcbvi wbivcËv wbwðZ Ki‡Z cvie Ges fqven wKQz nIqvi †_‡K Lvc LvB‡q wb‡Z cvie|

hw` Avcwb g‡b K‡i _v‡Kb †h, GB †hŠb wbh©vZ‡bi NUbv mgmvgwqK NUbv bv n‡q _v‡K (Ab¨fv‡e ejv †h‡Z cv‡i, GUv

K‡qK eQi Av‡M N‡U _v‡K), Z‡e †m‡¶‡Î GB welq wb‡q K¬v‡q‡›Ui K_v ejvUv AcÖ‡qvRbxq n‡Z cv‡i| hvB‡nvK, GUv

nqZ mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i †h Avcwb †Mvcb welq wb‡q K_v ej‡Z ¯̂v”Q›`¨‡eva K‡ib Ges wb‡i‡c¶fv‡e welq¸‡jv

†`L‡eb| hw` Avcwb g‡b K‡i _v‡Kb †h GUv wVK Av‡Q, Avcwb wKQz D`vniY w`‡q GB mvaviY mgm¨v¸‡jv wb‡q eY©bv

Ki‡Z cv‡ib (†hgb ỳ`©kv †evSvi †Póv Kiv) Ges wKfv‡e GKwU mywb`©…ó c×wZ Dc‡hvMx fv‡e eënvi Ki‡Z cv‡i

(†hgb ỳwðšÍvi Rb¨ gvbwmK Pvc wbqš¿b) | D`vnib †èvi †¶‡Î, Avcwb †hŠb wbh©vZb m¤c„³ D`vniY ˆZwi K‡i w`‡Z

cv‡ib| GUv Avcbvi K¬v‡q›U‡K GB Bw½Z w`‡Z cv‡i †h, Avcwb †Kvb ai‡bi Kómva¨ wKsev mvgvwRK fv‡e wbwl× welq

wb‡q K_v ej‡Z ¯^vfvweK fv‡eB cv‡ib| GB welqwU Avcbv‡K Avcbvi K¬v‡q›U‡K ciewZ©‡Z Zvi †hŠb wbh©vZb wb‡q K_v

ej‡Z ¯^vfvweK Ki‡e|

hvB †nvK, GB ai‡bi †K‡mi †¶‡Î Avcbvi DwPZ K¬v‡q›U‡K Zvi †hŠb wbh©vZb wb‡q Z_¨ †Ìqv wKsev bv †Ìqvi

wm×všÍ‡K cy‡ivcywi m¤§vb †`Lv‡bv hw` Zviv bv Pvq|


এই অধ্যায়য় আপলি

যা wkL‡jb

wKfv‡e mgvR, ms¯‹…wZ, wj½ Ges fvlvMZ cv_©K¨ Abyhvqx K¬v‡q‡›Ui mv‡_ we‡ePbv Ki‡eb

K¬v‡q›U- mnvqZvKvixi m¤cK© „̀p Ki‡Z †gŠwjK mnvqK `¶Zvmg~n

KwVb mgm¨v I cwiw ’̄wZ eë¯’vcbv Ges mvov †`qv

2| Ø›Øg~jK cwiw¯’wZ

hLb m¤cÖ`vq Ø›Øg~jK cwiw ’̄wZi m¤§yLxb nq, A‡bK gvbyl wbivcËv evwnbx, we‡ivax mk ¿̄ evwnbx, KZ…c¶ Ges

m¤cÖ`v‡qi Ab¨vb¨ gvbyl‡ì fq †c‡q _v‡K| wKQz †L‡Z Avcwb GUvI Abyfe Ki‡eb †h K¬v‡q›U Avcbv‡K

mnvqZvKvix wn‡m‡e wek¦vm Ki†Q bv | Zviv ch©v‡jvPbv ch©v‡q , cÖ‡kœi DËi w`‡Z Pvc Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡i| me

Ae¯’v‡ZB Avcwb K¬v‡q‡›Ui †LvjvLywj fv‡e ev e¨w³MZ Z_¨ bv †èvi wm×všÍ‡K m¤§vb cÖ`k©b Ki‡eb| Avcbvi

GUvI Avkv Kiv DwPZ †h mg‡qi mv‡_ Zv‡ì NUbv cwieZ©bI n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| GUv G Rb¨ bv †h Zviv Avcbvi

Kv‡Q wg_¨v ej‡Q|

GB Ø›Øg~jK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wek¦vm AR©b Kiv Ges †gŠwjK mnvqK `¶Zv eënvi Kiv ¸iæZ¡c~b© | GB cwiw¯’wZ‡Z

mycviwfkb Avcbvi Rb¨ DcKvwi n‡e| we‡kl K‡i, Avcwb wcGg+ wKfv‡e Avcbvi m¤cÖ`v‡q Ges e¨w³i Kv‡Q

cwiwPZ Ki‡eb Zv wb‡q Av‡jvPbvi cÖ‡qvRb |


Aa¨vq 4

wcGg+ A¨v‡mm‡g›U

Avcwb KLb A¨v‡mm‡g›U †kl Ki‡eb?

wZb ai‡bi A¨v‡mm‡g›U c×wZ i‡q‡Qt

wcGg+ A¨v‡mm‡g›U K¬v‡q‡›Ui mv‡_ wcGg+ ïiæ Kivi cy‡e© GUv Kiv nq (Cwiwkó ে )

cÖwZwU wcGg+ †mkb ïiæ mgqt K¬v‡q‡›Ui †Kvb DbœwZ n‡”Q wKbv Zv wb‡q GKwU msw¶ß A¨v‡mm‡g›U (Cwiwkó L)

cieZ©x-wcGg+ A¨v‡mm‡g›U wcGg+ †kl nevi K‡qK mßv‡ni g‡a¨ A¨v‡mm‡g›U Kiv ( Cwiwkó M)|

Zviv hLb wcGg+ †kl K‡i †dj‡e Zvi K‡qK mßvn ev‡` Avcwb ciewZ© d‡jv-Avc †mk‡bi Av‡qvRb Ki‡Z cv‡ib | G‡Z

DbœwZ †evSvi Rb¨ GUv GKwU PgrKvi Dcvq| d‡jv-Avc wKsev Kg gvÎvq AvbyôvwbK d‡jv-Avc †mk‡b Avcwb Cwiwkó M

Abyhvqx A¨v‡mm‡g›U Rb¨ GKB cÖkœ Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

†Kb A¨v‡mm‡g›U Ki‡Z n‡e?

wcGg+ c~e©eZ©x A¨v‡mm‡g›U Kiv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| GUv Avcbv‡K †ek wKQz myweav w`‡q _v‡Kt

K¬v‡q‡›Ui mv‡_ †`Lv nIqv,

Zv‡ì NUbv †kvbv;

K¬v‡q›U wcGg+ †bevi Rb¨ Dchy³ wKsev ˆZwi wKbv Zvi wm×všÍ †bIqv;

wcGg+ Gi Rb¨ ˆZwi nIqvi †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq ev Í̄weK Ges Av‡eMxq mgm¨v m¤c‡K© Z_¨ †Ìqv|

wcGg+ gaëZx©Kvjxb Ges †k‡l A¨v‡mm‡g›U †kl KivUv LyeB mnvqK , Gi gva¨‡g Avcwb Avcbvi K¬v‡q‡›Ui †Kvb cwieZ©b

G‡m‡Q wKbv eyS‡Z cvi‡eb Ges AviI fv‡jv mnvqZv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb | K¬v‡q›U nqZ Zvr¶wbK fv‡e DbœwZ Ki‡e bv|

cÖ‡Z¨K

wkLyb

GB Aa¨vq †_‡K Avcwb

wK wkL‡eb?

†mkb

GB Aa¨vq †Kvb †mk‡bi mv‡_ †hvM

Ki‡e?

IqvK©wmU

GB Aa¨v‡qi mv‡_ †Kvb †Kvb

IqvK©wmU †hvM Kiv hv‡e?

wewfbœ ai‡bi A¨v‡mm‡g›U

wKfv‡e cÖ‡qvRbxq A¨v‡mm‡g›U Pvwj‡q hvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i

wKfv‡e †kl ch©šÍ cÖwZwµqv I A¨v‡mm‡g›U Ki‡e †KD hw`

Kg©cwiKíbv K‡i †h fwel¨‡Z

Zvi Rxeb †kl Ki‡Z Pvq

c~e©eZ©x (wPwKrmv c~e©eZ©x) Ges ciewZ© (wPwKrmv ciewZ©)

wcGg+ Ges cÖwZUv †mk‡bi

ïiæ‡Z (wPwKrmv-Kvjxb mg‡q)

60 wgwbU wba©vib Kiv c~ye©eZx© wcGg+ A¨v‡mm‡g›U Ges 5

wgwbU wcGg+ AšÍe©Z©xKvjxb

A¨v‡mm‡g›U Gi Rb¨ wba©vib

Kiv

me ai‡bi A¨v‡mm‡g›U bxwZ - wba©viK- Cwiwkó K,

L Ges M|

AvZ¥nZ¨vi wPšÍv - Cwiwkó N|


†mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z GB ch©v‡jvPbv Rvbvi gva¨‡g Avcwb Ges Avcbvi mycvifvBRvi Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb †h wKfv‡e Av‡iv fvjfv‡e

†mev cÖ`vb Kiv hvq|

wKfv‡e A¨v‡mm‡g›U Ki‡eb?

fv‡jv ch©v‡jvPK me mgq Zv‡ì †gŠwjK mnvqZvKvix `¶Zvmg~n eënvi K‡i _v‡K | Aa¨vq 3 G ewb©Z (‡gŠwjK mnvqK

`¶Zvmg~n) A¨v‡mm‡g›U Kivi mgq eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e| wKQz ¸Z¡iæc~Y© welqmg~n Avcbv‡K †g‡b

Pj‡Z n‡et

fvlv mnR Ges ¯có n‡Z n‡e |

GUv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e †h Avcwb K¬v‡q‡›Ui eqm, wj½ Ges fvlvi Dci wbf©i K‡i h_vh_ fv‡e K_v ej‡Qb

memgq eÜyZ¡civqY, m¤§vb cÖ`k©bc~e©K Ges wb‡i‡c¶ _vK‡Z n‡e

†Mvcbxq Ges cxov-`vqK welqmg~‡ni cÖwZ ms‡e`kxj n‡q cÖwZwµqv Ki‡Z n‡e ( †hgb †Kvb †hŠb wbh©vZb wKsev wb‡Ri ¶wZ welqK)

A¨v‡mm‡g›U †kl Kivi Rb¨ †h avcmg~n †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e Zv n‡jvt

1. wb‡Ri cwiPq †Ìqv|

2. e¨w³ †K A¨v‡mm‡g›U Ges Ki‡j wK n‡e Zv m¤c‡K© Rvbv‡bv

Zv‡ì ejyb: Ñ A¨v‡mm‡g›U Gi gva¨‡g GUv †evSvi †Póv Ki‡eb, †h ai‡bi mgm¨v Zv‡ì Av‡Q Zv mgvav‡bi †¶‡Î wcGg+

Kvh©Kix n‡e;

Ñ Avcwb Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K Zv‡ì K‡ói K_v †R‡b wb‡Z cvi‡eb;

Ñ myywbw`©ó cÖkœ Kivi gva¨‡g Avcwb Zv‡ì mgm¨v Ges Abyf‚wZ m¤c‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;

Ñ Avcwb ïaygvÎ 1 N›Uv em‡eb|

Zv‡ì‡K ejyb †h Zv‡ì†K Zv‡ì e¨w³MZ †Mvcbxq welq Rvb‡Z PvIqvi Rb¨ †Rvi wKsev Pvc †Ìqv n‡e bv hw` Zviv cÖKvk Ki‡Z A¯̂w Í̄ Abyfe K‡i:

Ñ Avwg Avcbv‡K A‡bK cÖkœB Kie| Avkv Kwi Avcwb †Lvjv‡gjv fv‡e DËi w`‡eb| hw` Avwg Ggb wKQ z Rvb‡Z

PvB hvi d‡j Avcwb A¯̂w Í̄ Abyfe Ki‡Z cv‡ib, `qv K‡i Avgv‡K Rvbv‡eb| `qvK‡i Avcwb ¯̂v”Q›`¨fv‡eB cÖ‡kœi

DËi w`‡q _vK‡eb| Avwg ¯x̂Kvi Kwi GK`g bZzb GKRb gvby‡li Kv‡Q Avcbvi mgm¨v¸‡jv wb‡q K_v ejv mwZ¨

KwVb|

3| Zv‡ì †MvcbxqZv m¤c‡K© Rvbvbt

GUv wbwðZ Kiæb †h K¬v‡q›U eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Q †h Avcbv‡K †h Z_¨mg~n w`‡”Q Zv †Mvcb _vK‡e Ges Avcwb Kvi mv‡_ †m welqmg~n Rvbv‡eb:

Ñ me Z_¨ †Mvcb ivL‡Z n‡e hw` bv K¬v‡q›U Avcbv‡K Ab¨ Kv‡iv mv‡_ cÖKvk Kivi AbygwZ bv w`‡q _v‡K|

Ñ K¬v‡q›U‡K fv‡jv †mev †èvi Rb¨ GUv wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e †h Avcwb Avcbvi mycvifvBm‡ii mv‡_ me Z_¨ cÖ`vb

Ki‡Qb|

Ñ wcGg+ ch©v‡jvPbvi mgq, K¬v‡q›U GUv wek¦vm K‡i _v‡K †h Zv‡ì KviI Kvi‡Y Rxeb ûgwKi m¤¢vebv Av‡Q

A_ev KviI ÿwZ Ki‡Z Pvq, wKsev Zviv hw` wkï wbh©vZ‡bi K_v Rvwb‡q _v‡K (†hgbt kvixwiK Ges †hŠb wbh©vZb

wKsev Ae‡njv)10, Avcbv‡K Aek¨B KvD‡K Rvbv‡Z n‡e Ggb wK e¨w³ hw` wb‡R AbygwZ bvI w`‡q _v‡K |

10 AvZ¥Z¨vi GKwU h_vh_ fvebv, cwiKíbv Ges †Póv wbf©i K‡i RvZxq ch©v‡qi AvBb Ges ¯’vbxq m¤c‡ì Dci, Ges Avcbvi DwPZ †mme eë¯’vcbvi

eënvi Kiv GB cwi‡cw¶‡Z, me †¶‡ÎB mycvifvBmv‡ii mv‡_ Zvr¶wbK fv‡e †hvMv‡hvM Ki‡Z n‡e|


APTER 4 PM+ ASSESSMENTS

wc Gg+ A¨v‡mm‡gÈt

AvR‡Ki w`bwU ïiæ Kivi cy‡e©, Avwg Avcvbv‡K Rvbv‡Z PvB †h GB †mk‡b hv Av‡jvwPZ n‡e Zv me

wKQzB †Mvcb ivLv n‡e| †mk‡b wK welq wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡”Q Zv Avwg Avcvbvi AbygwZ Qvov

Avcbvi cwievi wKsev Ab¨ e¨w³‡K Rvbv‡Z cvie bv |

wKš‘ †MvcbxqZv i¶vi †ek wKQz mxgve×Zv i‡q‡Q hv Avcbvi †evSv cÖ‡qvRb| hw` Avwg eyS‡Z cvwi

†h, Avcwb wb‡Ri ¶wZ wKsev Ab¨ Kv‡iv ¶wZ Ki‡Z hv‡”Qb, Avcwb Avcbvi mv‡_ GB welq wb‡q

K_v eje wKfv‡e Avcwb Avcbvi GB cwiKíbvi †_‡K †ei n‡q Avm‡Z cv‡ib Ges ¯̂vfvweK Abyfe

Ki‡Z cv‡ib | Avcwb hv‡Z m‡e©v”P †mev cvb †m Rb¨ Avwg Avgvi mycvifvBmv‡ii mv‡_ K_v eje

(†`‡ki AvBbMZ wewa Abyhvqx Avcbv‡K Zv †g‡b wb‡Z n‡e), KviY Avgvi f‚wgKv n‡”Q Avcbvi

Kj¨vY Ges wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv|

Avcbvi cwieZ©b wb‡q Avwg cÖwZwbqZ Avgvi mycvifvBm‡ii mv‡_ K_v eje| mycvifvBmi Av‡eMxq

mgm¨v mgvav‡b we‡kl cÖwk¶Y †c‡q‡Qb Ges Zviv GUv wbwðZ Ki‡eb †h Avwg hv‡Z Avgvi m‡e©v”P

†mev w`‡q _vwK|

Avcwb wK welq¸‡jv eyS‡Z †c‡i‡Qb? wKsev Avcbvi wK G wel‡q †Kvb cÖkœ Av‡Q?

4. wcGg+ m¤c‡K© msw¶ß Z_¨ w`b

K¬v‡q›U‡K Rvbvb †h wcGg+ n‡”Q:

Ñ cÖvßeq¯‹‡ì ev Í̄e Ges Av‡eMxq mgm¨v mgvav‡b mnvqZv K‡i;

Ñ GUv GKK e¨w³ wb‡q cwiPvwjZ GKwU wPwKrmv c×wZ (Zviv wb‡RivB Avcbvi mv‡_ †`Lv Ki‡e;)

Ñ 5 mßv‡n cÖwZ mßv‡n 1 evi K‡i em‡Z n‡e|

GUv wbwðZ Kiæb K¬v‡q›U Rv‡b †h wcGg+ hv bq:

Ñ K¬v‡q›U‡K †Kvb DcKib, UvKv wKsev Jlya †Ìqv n‡e bv ।

wcGg+ G e¨w³ wK cv‡e Ges wK cv‡e bv †m m¤c‡K© mr _vKzb|

5. ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv

c~e©eZ©x wcGg+ ch©v‡jvPbv wewa Abyhvqx Zv‡ì mKj cÖkœ Kiæb , hvi g‡a¨ mvB‡Køvc†mi (PSYCHOLOPS) c~e©eZ©x wPwKrmv avc wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q (Cwiwkó K)

†mk‡bi ïiæ‡Z A¨v‡mm‡g›U Kiv

wcGg+ †mkb ïiæ Kivi c~‡e© Avcbvi DwPZ wPwKrmvKvjxb mg‡qi cÖ‡Z¨KwU mvB‡Køvc†mi g~j¨vqY †kl Kiv (Cwiwkó L)| GUv GKwU mswÿß mv¶vrKvi ( †kl n‡Z 5-10 wgwbU jv‡M) Ges Avcbv‡K GKwU avibv w`‡e †h

K¬v‡q‡›Ui KZUzKz DbœwZ n‡”Q| Avcwb mvB‡Køvc†mi (PSYCHOLOPS) ch©v‡jvPbvq MZ mßvn Ges evwoi Abykxjb wb‡q K_v ej‡Z cv‡ib|


hLb e¨w³i Zvi Rxe‡bi mgvwß NUv‡Z Pvq †m‡¶‡Î eë¯’vcbvt

mvßvwnK mvB‡K¬vcm (PSYCHOLOPS) ch©v‡jvPbvq, wKQz K¬v‡q‡›Ui †¶‡Î Avcwb AvZ¥nZ¨vi fvebvi eë¯’vcbv Ki‡Z n‡Z cv‡i|

1. hviv c~e©eZ©x ch©v‡jvPbvq AvZ¥nZ¨vi fvebv cÖKvk K‡i‡Q|

2. †hme K¬v‡q›U‡K LyeB gb Lvivc †`Lvq (hviv wPwKrmvKvjxb mg‡qi mvB‡K¬vc&m PSYCHOLOPS) ch©v‡jvPbvq

1.4 cÖkœc‡Î 4 wKsev 5 †c‡q _v‡K|

AvZ¥nZ¨vi fvebv wb‡q A¨v‡mm‡g›U Kiv11

ch©v‡jvPbv Ges wPwKrmvKvjxb mg‡q Avcbvi DwPZ K¬v‡q›U‡K AvZ¥nZ¨vi fvebv wb‡q mivmwi cÖkœ Kiv | chv©‡jvPbvi cÖkœ

†hfv‡e wjwLZ Av‡Q †mfv‡e †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| Avcbv‡K wm×všÍ wb‡Z n‡e †h Avcwb K¬v‡q‡›Ui Kv‡Q Rvb‡Z PvB‡eb †h Avcbvi

K¬v‡q‡Ui Zv‡ì Rxeb †kl K‡i †èvi †Kvb cwiKíbv Av‡Q wKbv|

wPwKrmv PjvKv‡j, wPwKrmv welqK ch©v‡jvPbvi mgq Avcbv‡K K¬v‡q‡›Ui AvZ¥nZ¨vi fvebv Avcbv‡K j¶¨ ivL‡Z n‡e Ges

Zv‡ì wbivcËv wbwð‡Zi Rb¨ h_vh_ mnvqZv w`‡Z n‡e|

hw` e¨w³i g‡a¨ mgm¨vMÖ ’̄ fvebv †_‡K _v‡K Zvn‡j †`Lv hvq A‡bK gvbylB mivmwi AvZ¥nZ¨v wb‡q cÖkœ Kivi Gwo‡q †h‡Z Pvq

| GUv nIqvi KviY n‡”Q Zviv cÖvqB GUv wb‡q K_v ej‡Z fq cvq †h, Zviv hw` AvZ¥nZ¨v wb‡q K_v e‡j Z‡e †m fvebv

Ab¨‡ì AvZ¥nZ¨vi cwiKíbvq Xz‡K hv‡e hwÌ Zviv Av‡M fveZ bv wKš‘ GLb †_‡K fvev ïiæ Ki‡e| GUv LyeB mvaviY wKš‘

fzj wek¦vm| Ges `ytLRbKf n‡jI mwZ¨ weeªZKi djvd‡ji K_v †f‡e hw` AvZ¥nZ¨v wb‡q K_v bv e‡j Pzc _v‡K Zvn‡j †`Lv

hvq e¨w³ Ggb fvebv GKv GKv †f‡e Kó †c‡Z _v‡K Ges †Kvb mnvqZv cvq bv| ZvB, mnvqZvKvix wn‡m‡e, Avcbvi DwPZ

AvZ¥nZ¨v wb‡q †LvjvLywj K_v ejv Ges Zv‡ì GUv †evSv‡bv †h Avcwb Zv‡ì GB ai‡bi fvevbvq Lye GKUv AevK nbwb Zviv

hv Avcbv‡K Rvbv‡”Q| cwi‡k‡l, AvZ¥nZ¨v †h‡nZz ¯ck©KvZi welq, ZvB GUv LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© †h, AvZ¥nZ¨v m¤ú‡K © Avcbvi

wbR¯ ̂fvebv GKcv‡k ivLyb Ges Zv‡ì mivmwi Rvbvb †h Zvi fvebv, cwiKíbv wKsev c~‡e©i †Kvb cÖ‡Póvi Rb¨ Avcwb Zv‡K

†KvbiKg †bwZevPK fv‡e †`L‡Qb bv| GUv P¨v‡jwÄs n‡Z cv‡i|

11 cwiwkó N †Z GKB Z_¨ gyw`ªZ wb‡ ©̀wkKvi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q, GB †mk‡bi Gi GKwU gyw`ªZ KvMR mnvqZvKvix mv‡_ ivL‡eb hv‡Z e¨w³ Zv‡ì

AvZ¥nZ¨vi fvebv I cwiKíbv mivmwi ej‡Z cv‡i|

K¬v‡q‡›Ui AvZ¥nZ¨vi fvebv eyS‡Z cvivi co, Avcwb Zv‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq †mev w`‡Z cv‡ib| ZvrÿwYK †mev, Ggb e¨w³

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