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VOCATIONAL TRAiNING PRESENTATION

ON COMMUNICATION, NAVIGATION &

SURVEILLANCE AT

AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA (A.A.I)

PRESENTED BY:-

R.GAYATRI

CONTENTSHISTORY

FUNCTIONS OF AIR PORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA

DEPARTMENTS UNDER A.A.I.

COMMUNICATION

NAVIGATION

SURVEILLANCE

A.T.M

FUTURE PLANS OF A.A.I

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HISTORYThe Airports Authority of India (AAI) wasFormed on 1st April 1995 by merging theInternational Airports Authority of Indiaand the National Airports Authority with aview to accelerate the integrateddevelopment, expansion and modernizationat the airports in the country conforming tointernational standards.

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ABOUT AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA

AAI at various airports handled about 5 lakhs aircraft movements (4 lakhs domestic and 1 lakh international);40 million passengers (26 million domestic and 14 million international) and 9 lakh tonnes of cargo (3 lakh domestic and 6 lakh international).

125 AIRPORTS 11 INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS 81 DOMESTIC AIRPORTS 25 CIVIL ENCLAVES 4

MAIN FUNCTION OF AAI

CNS -COMMUNICATION,NAVIGATION,SURVIELLANCE

AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

MAINTAINENCE OF PASSENGER TERMINALS

CARGO TERMINAL AT INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC

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DEPARTMENTS UNDER A.A.I.

THERE ARE 2 DEPARTMETS UNDER A.A.I. CNS DEPTTCNS STANDS FOR COMMUNICATION ,

NAVIGATION AND SURVEILLANCE ATM DEPTTATM STANDS FOR AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

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CNS

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SURVEILLA-NCE

COMMUNIC-ATION

NAVIGATIO-NAL AIDS

COMMUNICATION (V.H.F )

COMMUMNICATION IS DONE THROUGH VHF(VERY HIGH FREQUENCY RANGE)

THE RANGE OF VHF IS 30MHZ TO 300 MHZ

IT IS A TYPE OF LINE OF SIGHT COMMUNICATION

MODULATION TECHNIQUE USED IS AMPLITUDE MODULATION

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VHF(VERY HIGH FREQUENCY RANGE)

3 BASIC COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR V.H.F COMMUNICATION ARE :

1. TRANSMITTER

2. RECEIVER

3. ANTENNAS

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TRANSMITTER:-

VHF TRANSMITTER HAVE 2 TRASMITTERS IN A SINGLE EQUIPMENT .

THE TRANSMITTER USED IS DT100. 1ST TRANSMITTER IS ON AIR WHILE OTHER IS ON

STANDBY . 2ND TRANMITTER IS ON HOT STANDBY i.e. THE

TRANSMITTER IS IN ON STATE BUT NOT IN USE.

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RECEIVER:-

V.H.F RECEIVER ALSO HAVE 2 RECEIVERS IN A SINGLE EQUIPMENT .

THE RECEIVER USED IS DR100. 1ST RECEIVER IS ON AIR WHILE 2ND IS ON HOT STANDBY

FOR USE IN EMERGENCY.

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ANTENNAS:- 2 TYPE OF ANTENNAS ARE USED : 1. DIRECTIVE ANTENNA:- A directional antenna or beam antenna is an antenna

which radiates or receives greater power in specific directions allowing for increased performance and reduced interference from unwanted sources.

2. OMNI-DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA:- An omnidirectional antenna is a class of antenna which

radiates radio wave power uniformly in all directions

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DIRECTIVE ANTENNA

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OMNI DIRECTIONAL

ANTENNA

SOME IMPORTANT FACTS

ALLOTED FREQUENCY FOR V.H.F IS 108-156 MHZ .

OUT OF IT A.A.I OPERATES IN 117.975 MHZ – 136 MHZ .

EACH AIRPORT HAS ITS DESIGNATED FREQUENCY .

FOR EXAMPLE-RAIPUR AIRPORT OPERATES AT FREQUENCY 124.75 MHZ AND ALTERNATE FREQUENCY IS 124.3.

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NAVIGATIONAL AIDS Navigation is the 'ART' of

determining the position of an aircraft over earth's surface and guiding its progress from one place to another.

To accomplish this ART, some sort of 'aids' are required by the PILOTS.

In the twentieth century, electronics also entered in the Aviation field. Direction finders and other navigational aids enabled the navigators to obtain 'Fixes' using electronic aids only. Hence such aids became more and more popular and came into extensive use.

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NAVIGATIONAL AIDS USED IN AAI

ILS: Instrument Landing System DME: Distance Measuring Equipment NDB: Non Directional Bearing VOR: VHF Omni Range

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The function of an ILS is to provide the PILOT or AUTOPILOT of a landing aircraft with the guidance to and along the surface of the runway.

This guidance must be of very high integrity to ensure that each landing has a very high probability of success.

The basic philosophy of ILS is that ground installations, located in the vicinity of the runway, transmit coded signals in such a manner that pilot is given information indicating position of the aircraft with respect to correct approach path.

(ILS) INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM CONSIST OF

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LOCALIZER GLIDE PATH

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DISTANCE MEASURING INSTRUMENT (D.M.E)

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Aircraft use DME to determine their distance

from a land-based transponder

VHF OMNI RANGEVOR EQUIPMENT PROVIDE

ABSOLUTE BEARING

TO AN AIRCRAFT

with respect to

MAGNETIC NORTH

Irrespective of

AIRCRAFT HEADING

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V.H.F-OMNI RANGE

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SURVEILLANCEThe act of monitoring the behavior activities, or other changing information.

Surveillance may be applied to observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment.

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SURVEILLANCE

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RADARSECURITY

EQUIPMENTS

RADAR

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Radars are employed throughout the world for the purpose of safely controlling air traffic en-route and in the vicinity of airports.

Aircraft as well as vehicular traffic at large airports are monitored by means of high-resolution radar.

Radar has also been used to guide aircraft to a safe landing in bad weather.

SECURITY EQUIPMENT

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HAND HELD METAL DETECTOR.

DOOR FRAME METAL DETECTOR.

X-RAY BAGGAGE INSPECTION SYSTEM.

EXPLOSIVE TRACE DETECTOR.

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AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT(A.T.M)

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GAGAN PROJECT :-

GAGAN PROJECT IS USED FOR SATELLITE BASED SYSTEM IN NAVIGATION.

NAVIGATIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR AIRCRAFT WILL BE RECEIVED FROM GPS.

AAI IS IMPLEMENTING THIS PROJECT IN COLLABORATION WITH INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION (ISRO).

FUTURE PLANS

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