[H+] [OH-] alpha(A-) phi Vb pH[acid] = 0.10 1.00E-04 1.00E-10 0.50 0.50 12.46 4.00

[base] = 0.10 1.00E-04 1.00E-10 0.50 0.50 12.46 4.00Va = 25.00 3.16E-05 3.16E-10 0.76 0.76 18.98 4.50Ka = 1.00E-04 1.00E-05 1.00E-09 0.91 0.91 22.72 5.00Kw = 1.00E-14 3.16E-06 3.16E-09 0.97 0.97 24.23 5.50

1.00E-06 1.00E-08 0.99 0.99 24.75 6.001.00E-07 1.00E-07 1.00 1.00 24.98 7.001.00E-08 1.00E-06 1.00 1.00 25.00 8.001.00E-09 1.00E-05 1.00 1.00 25.00 9.001.00E-10 1.00E-04 1.00 1.00 25.05 10.001.00E-11 1.00E-03 1.00 1.02 25.51 11.001.00E-12 1.00E-02 1.00 1.22 30.56 12.006.31E-13 1.58E-02 1.00 1.38 34.42 12.204.47E-13 2.24E-02 1.00 1.58 39.42 12.353.16E-13 3.16E-02 1.00 1.92 48.12 12.50

[H+] [OH-] alpha(A-) phi Vb pH[acid] = 0.10 1.00E-01 1.00E-13 0.09 -0.45 -11.36 1.00

[base] = 0.10 7.94E-02 1.26E-13 0.11 -0.38 -9.51 1.10Va = 25.00 6.31E-02 1.58E-13 0.14 -0.30 -7.57 1.20Ka = 1.00E-02 5.01E-02 2.00E-13 0.17 -0.22 -5.58 1.30Kw = 1.00E-14 3.98E-02 2.51E-13 0.20 -0.14 -3.53 1.40

3.16E-02 3.16E-13 0.24 -0.06 -1.44 1.502.51E-02 3.98E-13 0.28 0.03 0.67 1.602.00E-02 5.01E-13 0.33 0.11 2.80 1.701.58E-02 6.31E-13 0.39 0.20 4.93 1.801.26E-02 7.94E-13 0.44 0.28 7.03 1.901.00E-02 1.00E-12 0.50 0.36 9.09 2.007.94E-03 1.26E-12 0.56 0.44 11.07 2.106.68E-03 1.50E-12 0.60 0.50 12.48 2.185.01E-03 2.00E-12 0.67 0.59 14.67 2.303.98E-03 2.51E-12 0.72 0.65 16.24 2.403.16E-03 3.16E-12 0.76 0.71 17.65 2.502.51E-03 3.98E-12 0.80 0.76 18.88 2.602.00E-03 5.01E-12 0.83 0.80 19.94 2.701.58E-03 6.31E-12 0.86 0.83 20.85 2.801.26E-03 7.94E-12 0.89 0.86 21.62 2.901.00E-03 1.00E-11 0.91 0.89 22.25 3.007.94E-04 1.26E-11 0.93 0.91 22.78 3.106.31E-04 1.58E-11 0.94 0.93 23.21 3.205.01E-04 2.00E-11 0.95 0.94 23.56 3.303.98E-04 2.51E-11 0.96 0.95 23.85 3.403.16E-04 3.16E-11 0.97 0.96 24.08 3.502.51E-04 3.98E-11 0.98 0.97 24.26 3.602.00E-04 5.01E-11 0.98 0.98 24.41 3.701.58E-04 6.31E-11 0.98 0.98 24.53 3.801.26E-04 7.94E-11 0.99 0.99 24.63 3.901.00E-04 1.00E-10 0.99 0.99 24.70 4.007.94E-05 1.26E-10 0.99 0.99 24.76 4.106.31E-05 1.58E-10 0.99 0.99 24.81 4.205.01E-05 2.00E-10 1.00 0.99 24.85 4.303.98E-05 2.51E-10 1.00 1.00 24.88 4.403.16E-05 3.16E-10 1.00 1.00 24.91 4.502.51E-05 3.98E-10 1.00 1.00 24.92 4.602.00E-05 5.01E-10 1.00 1.00 24.94 4.701.58E-05 6.31E-10 1.00 1.00 24.95 4.801.26E-05 7.94E-10 1.00 1.00 24.96 4.901.00E-05 1.00E-09 1.00 1.00 24.97 5.007.94E-06 1.26E-09 1.00 1.00 24.98 5.106.31E-06 1.58E-09 1.00 1.00 24.98 5.205.01E-06 2.00E-09 1.00 1.00 24.98 5.303.98E-06 2.51E-09 1.00 1.00 24.99 5.403.16E-06 3.16E-09 1.00 1.00 24.99 5.502.51E-06 3.98E-09 1.00 1.00 24.99 5.602.00E-06 5.01E-09 1.00 1.00 24.99 5.701.58E-06 6.31E-09 1.00 1.00 25.00 5.801.26E-06 7.94E-09 1.00 1.00 25.00 5.901.00E-06 1.00E-08 1.00 1.00 25.00 6.007.94E-07 1.26E-08 1.00 1.00 25.00 6.10

6.31E-07 1.58E-08 1.00 1.00 25.00 6.205.01E-07 2.00E-08 1.00 1.00 25.00 6.303.98E-07 2.51E-08 1.00 1.00 25.00 6.403.16E-07 3.16E-08 1.00 1.00 25.00 6.502.51E-07 3.98E-08 1.00 1.00 25.00 6.602.00E-07 5.01E-08 1.00 1.00 25.00 6.701.58E-07 6.31E-08 1.00 1.00 25.00 6.801.26E-07 7.94E-08 1.00 1.00 25.00 6.901.00E-07 1.00E-07 1.00 1.00 25.00 7.007.94E-08 1.26E-07 1.00 1.00 25.00 7.106.31E-08 1.58E-07 1.00 1.00 25.00 7.205.01E-08 2.00E-07 1.00 1.00 25.00 7.303.98E-08 2.51E-07 1.00 1.00 25.00 7.403.16E-08 3.16E-07 1.00 1.00 25.00 7.502.51E-08 3.98E-07 1.00 1.00 25.00 7.602.00E-08 5.01E-07 1.00 1.00 25.00 7.701.58E-08 6.31E-07 1.00 1.00 25.00 7.801.26E-08 7.94E-07 1.00 1.00 25.00 7.901.00E-08 1.00E-06 1.00 1.00 25.00 8.007.94E-09 1.26E-06 1.00 1.00 25.00 8.106.31E-09 1.58E-06 1.00 1.00 25.00 8.205.01E-09 2.00E-06 1.00 1.00 25.00 8.303.98E-09 2.51E-06 1.00 1.00 25.00 8.403.16E-09 3.16E-06 1.00 1.00 25.00 8.502.51E-09 3.98E-06 1.00 1.00 25.00 8.602.00E-09 5.01E-06 1.00 1.00 25.00 8.701.58E-09 6.31E-06 1.00 1.00 25.00 8.801.26E-09 7.94E-06 1.00 1.00 25.00 8.901.00E-09 1.00E-05 1.00 1.00 25.00 9.007.94E-10 1.26E-05 1.00 1.00 25.01 9.106.31E-10 1.58E-05 1.00 1.00 25.01 9.205.01E-10 2.00E-05 1.00 1.00 25.01 9.303.98E-10 2.51E-05 1.00 1.00 25.01 9.403.16E-10 3.16E-05 1.00 1.00 25.02 9.502.51E-10 3.98E-05 1.00 1.00 25.02 9.602.00E-10 5.01E-05 1.00 1.00 25.03 9.701.58E-10 6.31E-05 1.00 1.00 25.03 9.801.26E-10 7.94E-05 1.00 1.00 25.04 9.901.00E-10 1.00E-04 1.00 1.00 25.05 10.007.94E-11 1.26E-04 1.00 1.00 25.06 10.106.31E-11 1.58E-04 1.00 1.00 25.08 10.205.01E-11 2.00E-04 1.00 1.00 25.10 10.303.98E-11 2.51E-04 1.00 1.01 25.13 10.403.16E-11 3.16E-04 1.00 1.01 25.16 10.502.51E-11 3.98E-04 1.00 1.01 25.20 10.602.00E-11 5.01E-04 1.00 1.01 25.25 10.701.58E-11 6.31E-04 1.00 1.01 25.32 10.801.26E-11 7.94E-04 1.00 1.02 25.40 10.901.00E-11 1.00E-03 1.00 1.02 25.51 11.007.94E-12 1.26E-03 1.00 1.03 25.64 11.106.31E-12 1.58E-03 1.00 1.03 25.81 11.205.01E-12 2.00E-03 1.00 1.04 26.02 11.303.98E-12 2.51E-03 1.00 1.05 26.29 11.403.16E-12 3.16E-03 1.00 1.07 26.63 11.50

2.51E-12 3.98E-03 1.00 1.08 27.07 11.602.00E-12 5.01E-03 1.00 1.11 27.64 11.701.58E-12 6.31E-03 1.00 1.13 28.37 11.801.26E-12 7.94E-03 1.00 1.17 29.31 11.901.00E-12 1.00E-02 1.00 1.22 30.56 12.007.94E-13 1.26E-02 1.00 1.29 32.20 12.106.31E-13 1.58E-02 1.00 1.38 34.42 12.205.01E-13 2.00E-02 1.00 1.50 37.46 12.303.98E-13 2.51E-02 1.00 1.67 41.77 12.403.16E-13 3.16E-02 1.00 1.92 48.12 12.50

strong acid pKa = 2.00 pKa = 4.00 pKa = 6.00 pKa = 8.00Vb pH Vb pH Vb pH Vb pH Vb

0.00 1.00 -11.36 1.00 -12.49 1.00 -12.50 1.00 -12.502.86 1.10 -9.51 1.10 -11.05 1.10 -11.07 1.10 -11.075.66 1.20 -7.57 1.20 -9.65 1.20 -9.67 1.20 -9.678.31 1.30 -5.58 1.30 -8.31 1.30 -8.35 1.30 -8.35

10.76 1.40 -3.53 1.40 -7.07 1.40 -7.12 1.40 -7.1212.99 1.50 -1.44 1.50 -5.95 1.50 -6.01 1.50 -6.0114.96 1.60 0.67 1.60 -4.94 1.60 -5.02 1.60 -5.0216.68 1.70 2.80 1.70 -4.05 1.70 -4.16 1.70 -4.1618.16 1.80 4.93 1.80 -3.28 1.80 -3.42 1.80 -3.4219.41 1.90 7.03 1.90 -2.62 1.90 -2.79 1.90 -2.8020.45 2.00 9.09 2.00 -2.05 2.00 -2.27 2.00 -2.2721.32 2.10 11.07 2.10 -1.55 2.10 -1.84 2.10 -1.8422.03 2.20 12.93 2.20 -1.12 2.20 -1.48 2.20 -1.4822.61 2.30 14.67 2.30 -0.73 2.30 -1.19 2.30 -1.1923.09 2.40 16.24 2.40 -0.37 2.40 -0.95 2.40 -0.9623.47 2.50 17.65 2.50 -0.02 2.50 -0.76 2.50 -0.7723.77 2.60 18.88 2.60 0.32 2.60 -0.60 2.60 -0.6124.02 2.70 19.94 2.70 0.68 2.70 -0.48 2.70 -0.4924.22 2.80 20.85 2.80 1.07 2.80 -0.37 2.80 -0.3924.38 2.90 21.62 2.90 1.51 2.90 -0.29 2.90 -0.3124.50 3.00 22.25 3.00 2.00 3.00 -0.22 3.00 -0.2524.61 3.10 22.78 3.10 2.58 3.10 -0.17 3.10 -0.2024.69 3.20 23.21 3.20 3.24 3.20 -0.12 3.20 -0.1624.75 3.30 23.56 3.30 4.01 3.30 -0.08 3.30 -0.1224.80 3.40 23.85 3.40 4.90 3.40 -0.04 3.40 -0.1024.84 3.50 24.08 3.50 5.91 3.50 0.00 3.50 -0.0824.87 3.60 24.26 3.60 7.04 3.60 0.04 3.60 -0.0624.90 3.70 24.41 3.70 8.28 3.70 0.07 3.70 -0.0524.92 3.80 24.53 3.80 9.62 3.80 0.12 3.80 -0.0424.94 3.90 24.63 3.90 11.02 3.90 0.17 3.90 -0.0324.95 4.00 24.70 4.00 12.46 4.00 0.22 4.00 -0.0224.96 4.10 24.76 4.10 13.90 4.10 0.29 4.10 -0.0224.97 4.20 24.81 4.20 15.30 4.20 0.37 4.20 -0.0124.97 4.30 24.85 4.30 16.63 4.30 0.48 4.30 -0.0124.98 4.40 24.88 4.40 17.86 4.40 0.60 4.40 0.0024.98 4.50 24.91 4.50 18.98 4.50 0.76 4.50 0.0024.99 4.60 24.92 4.60 19.97 4.60 0.95 4.60 0.0024.99 4.70 24.94 4.70 20.83 4.70 1.19 4.70 0.0124.99 4.80 24.95 4.80 21.57 4.80 1.48 4.80 0.0124.99 4.90 24.96 4.90 22.20 4.90 1.84 4.90 0.0225.00 5.00 24.97 5.00 22.72 5.00 2.27 5.00 0.0225.00 5.10 24.98 5.10 23.16 5.10 2.79 5.10 0.0325.00 5.20 24.98 5.20 23.51 5.20 3.42 5.20 0.0425.00 5.30 24.98 5.30 23.80 5.30 4.16 5.30 0.0525.00 5.40 24.99 5.40 24.04 5.40 5.02 5.40 0.0625.00 5.50 24.99 5.50 24.23 5.50 6.01 5.50 0.0825.00 5.60 24.99 5.60 24.39 5.60 7.12 5.60 0.1025.00 5.70 24.99 5.70 24.51 5.70 8.35 5.70 0.1225.00 5.80 25.00 5.80 24.61 5.80 9.67 5.80 0.1625.00 5.90 25.00 5.90 24.69 5.90 11.07 5.90 0.2025.00 6.00 25.00 6.00 24.75 6.00 12.50 6.00 0.2525.00 6.10 25.00 6.10 24.80 6.10 13.93 6.10 0.31

25.00 6.20 25.00 6.20 24.84 6.20 15.33 6.20 0.3925.00 6.30 25.00 6.30 24.88 6.30 16.65 6.30 0.4925.00 6.40 25.00 6.40 24.90 6.40 17.88 6.40 0.6125.00 6.50 25.00 6.50 24.92 6.50 18.99 6.50 0.7725.00 6.60 25.00 6.60 24.94 6.60 19.98 6.60 0.9625.00 6.70 25.00 6.70 24.95 6.70 20.84 6.70 1.1925.00 6.80 25.00 6.80 24.96 6.80 21.58 6.80 1.4825.00 6.90 25.00 6.90 24.97 6.90 22.20 6.90 1.8425.00 7.00 25.00 7.00 24.98 7.00 22.73 7.00 2.2725.00 7.10 25.00 7.10 24.98 7.10 23.16 7.10 2.8025.00 7.20 25.00 7.20 24.98 7.20 23.52 7.20 3.4225.00 7.30 25.00 7.30 24.99 7.30 23.81 7.30 4.1625.00 7.40 25.00 7.40 24.99 7.40 24.04 7.40 5.0225.00 7.50 25.00 7.50 24.99 7.50 24.23 7.50 6.0125.00 7.60 25.00 7.60 24.99 7.60 24.39 7.60 7.1225.00 7.70 25.00 7.70 25.00 7.70 24.51 7.70 8.3525.00 7.80 25.00 7.80 25.00 7.80 24.61 7.80 9.6725.00 7.90 25.00 7.90 25.00 7.90 24.69 7.90 11.0725.00 8.00 25.00 8.00 25.00 8.00 24.75 8.00 12.5025.00 8.10 25.00 8.10 25.00 8.10 24.80 8.10 13.9325.00 8.20 25.00 8.20 25.00 8.20 24.84 8.20 15.3325.00 8.30 25.00 8.30 25.00 8.30 24.88 8.30 16.6525.00 8.40 25.00 8.40 25.00 8.40 24.90 8.40 17.8825.00 8.50 25.00 8.50 25.00 8.50 24.92 8.50 19.0025.00 8.60 25.00 8.60 25.00 8.60 24.94 8.60 19.9825.00 8.70 25.00 8.70 25.00 8.70 24.95 8.70 20.8425.00 8.80 25.00 8.80 25.00 8.80 24.96 8.80 21.5825.00 8.90 25.00 8.90 25.00 8.90 24.97 8.90 22.2125.00 9.00 25.00 9.00 25.00 9.00 24.98 9.00 22.7325.01 9.10 25.01 9.10 25.01 9.10 24.99 9.10 23.1725.01 9.20 25.01 9.20 25.01 9.20 24.99 9.20 23.5225.01 9.30 25.01 9.30 25.01 9.30 25.00 9.30 23.8225.01 9.40 25.01 9.40 25.01 9.40 25.00 9.40 24.0625.02 9.50 25.02 9.50 25.02 9.50 25.01 9.50 24.2525.02 9.60 25.02 9.60 25.02 9.60 25.01 9.60 24.4125.03 9.70 25.03 9.70 25.03 9.70 25.02 9.70 24.5425.03 9.80 25.03 9.80 25.03 9.80 25.03 9.80 24.6425.04 9.90 25.04 9.90 25.04 9.90 25.04 9.90 24.7325.05 10.00 25.05 10.00 25.05 10.00 25.05 10.00 24.8025.06 10.10 25.06 10.10 25.06 10.10 25.06 10.10 24.8725.08 10.20 25.08 10.20 25.08 10.20 25.08 10.20 24.9225.10 10.30 25.10 10.30 25.10 10.30 25.10 10.30 24.9825.13 10.40 25.13 10.40 25.13 10.40 25.12 10.40 25.0325.16 10.50 25.16 10.50 25.16 10.50 25.16 10.50 25.0825.20 10.60 25.20 10.60 25.20 10.60 25.20 10.60 25.1425.25 10.70 25.25 10.70 25.25 10.70 25.25 10.70 25.2025.32 10.80 25.32 10.80 25.32 10.80 25.32 10.80 25.2825.40 10.90 25.40 10.90 25.40 10.90 25.40 10.90 25.3725.51 11.00 25.51 11.00 25.51 11.00 25.50 11.00 25.4825.64 11.10 25.64 11.10 25.64 11.10 25.64 11.10 25.6225.81 11.20 25.81 11.20 25.81 11.20 25.81 11.20 25.7926.02 11.30 26.02 11.30 26.02 11.30 26.02 11.30 26.0126.29 11.40 26.29 11.40 26.29 11.40 26.29 11.40 26.2826.63 11.50 26.63 11.50 26.63 11.50 26.63 11.50 26.62

27.07 11.60 27.07 11.60 27.07 11.60 27.07 11.60 27.0727.64 11.70 27.64 11.70 27.64 11.70 27.64 11.70 27.6328.37 11.80 28.37 11.80 28.37 11.80 28.37 11.80 28.3629.31 11.90 29.31 11.90 29.31 11.90 29.31 11.90 29.3130.56 12.00 30.56 12.00 30.56 12.00 30.56 12.00 30.5532.20 12.10 32.20 12.10 32.20 12.10 32.20 12.10 32.2034.42 12.20 34.42 12.20 34.42 12.20 34.42 12.20 34.4237.46 12.30 37.46 12.30 37.46 12.30 37.46 12.30 37.4641.77 12.40 41.77 12.40 41.77 12.40 41.77 12.40 41.7748.12 12.50 48.12 12.50 48.12 12.50 48.12 12.50 48.12

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.000.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

Titration Curves of Weak Acids

strong acidpKa = 2.00pKa = 4.00pKa = 6.00pKa = 8.00pKa = 10.00

volume NaOH added

pH

pKa = 8.00 pKa = 10.00pH Vb pH

1.00 -12.50 1.001.10 -11.07 1.101.20 -9.67 1.201.30 -8.35 1.301.40 -7.12 1.401.50 -6.01 1.501.60 -5.02 1.601.70 -4.16 1.701.80 -3.42 1.801.90 -2.80 1.902.00 -2.27 2.002.10 -1.84 2.102.20 -1.48 2.202.30 -1.19 2.302.40 -0.96 2.402.50 -0.77 2.502.60 -0.61 2.602.70 -0.49 2.702.80 -0.39 2.802.90 -0.31 2.903.00 -0.25 3.003.10 -0.20 3.103.20 -0.16 3.203.30 -0.12 3.303.40 -0.10 3.403.50 -0.08 3.503.60 -0.06 3.603.70 -0.05 3.703.80 -0.04 3.803.90 -0.03 3.904.00 -0.02 4.004.10 -0.02 4.104.20 -0.02 4.204.30 -0.01 4.304.40 -0.01 4.404.50 -0.01 4.504.60 -0.01 4.604.70 0.00 4.704.80 0.00 4.804.90 0.00 4.905.00 0.00 5.005.10 0.00 5.105.20 0.00 5.205.30 0.00 5.305.40 0.00 5.405.50 0.00 5.505.60 0.00 5.605.70 0.00 5.705.80 0.00 5.805.90 0.00 5.906.00 0.00 6.006.10 0.00 6.10

6.20 0.00 6.206.30 0.00 6.306.40 0.01 6.406.50 0.01 6.506.60 0.01 6.606.70 0.01 6.706.80 0.02 6.806.90 0.02 6.907.00 0.02 7.007.10 0.03 7.107.20 0.04 7.207.30 0.05 7.307.40 0.06 7.407.50 0.08 7.507.60 0.10 7.607.70 0.12 7.707.80 0.16 7.807.90 0.20 7.908.00 0.25 8.008.10 0.31 8.108.20 0.39 8.208.30 0.49 8.308.40 0.61 8.408.50 0.77 8.508.60 0.96 8.608.70 1.19 8.708.80 1.49 8.808.90 1.84 8.909.00 2.28 9.009.10 2.80 9.109.20 3.42 9.209.30 4.16 9.309.40 5.03 9.409.50 6.02 9.509.60 7.13 9.609.70 8.36 9.709.80 9.69 9.809.90 11.10 9.90

10.00 12.54 10.0010.10 13.98 10.1010.20 15.39 10.2010.30 16.74 10.3010.40 17.99 10.4010.50 19.13 10.5010.60 20.16 10.6010.70 21.07 10.7010.80 21.88 10.8010.90 22.58 10.9011.00 23.21 11.0011.10 23.77 11.1011.20 24.30 11.2011.30 24.80 11.3011.40 25.31 11.4011.50 25.84 11.50

11.60 26.44 11.6011.70 27.12 11.7011.80 27.95 11.8011.90 28.98 11.9012.00 30.28 12.0012.10 31.98 12.1012.20 34.23 12.2012.30 37.31 12.3012.40 41.64 12.4012.50 48.01 12.50

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.000.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

Titration Curves of Weak Acids

strong acidpKa = 2.00pKa = 4.00pKa = 6.00pKa = 8.00pKa = 10.00

volume NaOH added

pH

Vb pH Vb x 10^-pH0.32 2.60 8.07E-040.68 2.70 1.36E-031.07 2.80 1.70E-031.51 2.90 1.90E-032.00 3.00 2.00E-032.58 3.10 2.05E-033.24 3.20 2.05E-034.01 3.30 2.01E-034.90 3.40 1.95E-035.91 3.50 1.87E-037.04 3.60 1.77E-038.28 3.70 1.65E-039.62 3.80 1.52E-03

11.02 3.90 1.39E-0312.46 4.00 1.25E-0313.90 4.10 1.10E-0315.30 4.20 9.66E-0416.63 4.30 8.34E-0417.86 4.40 7.11E-0418.98 4.50 6.00E-0419.97 4.60 5.02E-0420.83 4.70 4.16E-0421.57 4.80 3.42E-0422.20 4.90 2.79E-0422.72 5.00 2.27E-0423.16 5.10 1.84E-0423.51 5.20 1.48E-0423.80 5.30 1.19E-0424.04 5.40 9.57E-0524.23 5.50 7.66E-0524.39 5.60 6.13E-0524.51 5.70 4.89E-0524.61 5.80 3.90E-0524.69 5.90 3.11E-0524.75 6.00 2.48E-0524.80 6.10 1.97E-0524.84 6.20 1.57E-0524.88 6.30 1.25E-0524.90 6.40 9.91E-0624.92 6.50 7.88E-0624.94 6.60 6.26E-0624.95 6.70 4.98E-0624.96 6.80 3.96E-0624.97 6.90 3.14E-0624.98 7.00 2.50E-0624.98 7.10 1.98E-0624.98 7.20 1.58E-0624.99 7.30 1.25E-0624.99 7.40 9.95E-0724.99 7.50 7.90E-0724.99 7.60 6.28E-0725.00 7.70 4.99E-07

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.000.00E+00

5.00E-04

1.00E-03

1.50E-03

2.00E-03

2.50E-03

Gran Plot (pKa = 4.00)

Vb (mL)

Vb

x 1

0-p

H

5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.000.00E+00

5.00E-04

1.00E-03

1.50E-03

2.00E-03

f(x) = − 9.89729239468314E-05 x + 0.00247580659985832R² = 0.999971138968245

Gran Plot (pKa = 4.00)(only linear portion)

Vb (mL)

Vb

x 1

0-p

H

25.00 7.80 3.96E-0725.00 7.90 3.15E-0725.00 8.00 2.50E-0725.00 8.10 1.99E-0725.00 8.20 1.58E-0725.00 8.30 1.25E-0725.00 8.40 9.95E-0825.00 8.50 7.91E-0825.00 8.60 6.28E-0825.00 8.70 4.99E-0825.00 8.80 3.96E-0825.00 8.90 3.15E-0825.00 9.00 2.50E-0825.01 9.10 1.99E-0825.01 9.20 1.58E-0825.01 9.30 1.25E-0825.01 9.40 9.96E-0925.02 9.50 7.91E-0925.02 9.60 6.28E-0925.03 9.70 4.99E-0925.03 9.80 3.97E-0925.04 9.90 3.15E-0925.05 10.00 2.51E-0925.06 10.10 1.99E-0925.08 10.20 1.58E-0925.10 10.30 1.26E-0925.13 10.40 1.00E-0925.16 10.50 7.96E-1025.20 10.60 6.33E-1025.25 10.70 5.04E-1025.32 10.80 4.01E-1025.40 10.90 3.20E-1025.51 11.00 2.55E-1025.64 11.10 2.04E-1025.81 11.20 1.63E-1026.02 11.30 1.30E-1026.29 11.40 1.05E-1026.63 11.50 8.42E-1127.07 11.60 6.80E-1127.64 11.70 5.51E-1128.37 11.80 4.50E-1129.31 11.90 3.69E-1130.56 12.00 3.06E-1132.20 12.10 2.56E-1134.42 12.20 2.17E-1137.46 12.30 1.88E-1141.77 12.40 1.66E-1148.12 12.50 1.52E-11

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.000.00E+00

5.00E-04

1.00E-03

1.50E-03

2.00E-03

2.50E-03

Gran Plot (pKa = 4.00)

Vb (mL)

Vb

x 1

0-p

H

5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.000.00E+00

5.00E-04

1.00E-03

1.50E-03

2.00E-03

f(x) = − 9.89729239468314E-05 x + 0.00247580659985832R² = 0.999971138968245

Gran Plot (pKa = 4.00)(only linear portion)

Vb (mL)

Vb

x 1

0-p

H