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ABA Autism Intervention Training

Chapter 1 - The Discrete Trial

3 Components of the Discrete Trial

1. SD: discriminative stimulus / the instruction given by the therapist to the child

- can be nonverbal such as a picture/ a toy

- ! good SD:

• clear " consistent

• free of e#traneous information $short " concise instruction%

• slightly louder than a normal tone

- ! poor SD:

•di&erently 'orded SDs can be confusing early in training

(. )esponse or *rompt: *auses and 'aits for a response/ provides a prompt if needed

- +hen ,rst beginning to teach a ne' tas the therapist should immediately promptafter giving the SD.

- ! prompt is some form of assistance to help ensure that the child respondscorrectly.

- The ne#t step is the gradual removing of the prompt. This occurs 'hen the therapistbelieves that the sill has been learned and once he or she is sure that the prompt is nolonger needed.

- +hen removing a prompt the therapist must be careful inadvertently giving adelayed prompt. This situation can occur 'hen the therapist thins the child no'sthe correct response.

- The therapist must decide before delivering an SD 'hether or not to prompt and if so to deliver the prompt immediately after the SD.

3. )einforcement or Correction: nce the child has responded he or she is givenreinforcement $a reward for a correct response or a correction for an incorrect response% if necessary.

- n order to ma#imi0e its e&ectiveness:

• )einforcement must immediately follo' a correct response independently or

'ith the help of a prompt.

• t should be enthusiastic and involved because the child 'ill enoy the

reinforcement more and that 'ould lead to better learning.

• )einforcement should be varied. f the same re'ards are used all the time

they 'ill lose its e&ectiveness.

- f the child delivers an incorrect response there are ( general approaches:

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•  The traditional approach is to use the informational 2no. This is spoen in a

neutral tone of voice. The 2no is not to be a versa for punishing it is simplymeant to provide the neutral information that the response 'as incorrect and'ill not be re'arded. The therapist gives the same SD but on the ne#t trialthe therapist prompts the child to ensure that the child gets the responsecorrect.

•

!nother approach is the errorless learning approach. f the child gives anincorrect response the therapist pauses a moment 'ithout givingreinforcements but does not say no. The therapist then begins anotherdiscrete trial and prompts immediately after the SDs delivered. This is toensure that the child gets the response correct.

Chapter ( 4 )einforcement