abap reports - classical

7/30/2019 ABAP Reports - Classical

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ABAP Training

Day 2 Reports


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Objectives

Program Types

Understand Report statement

Understand Write statement

Understand Conditional statements

Understand System Fields

Reports - Contents


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Any customer-developed program should begin with Y or Z asa first character.

A statement is a sequence of words that ends with a period.

Transaction Code : SE38

Menu Path: Tools > ABAP Workbench > ABAP Editor

Reports - Creating an ABAP / 4 Program


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4 Hexaware Technologies. All rights reserved.

Report

Initial screen of ABAP Editor

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Report

Type E run on its own

Can be started it in the R/3 system without a

transaction code

Can be executed in background

Type M ( Module pool)

Program cannot run on its own and can be called via

a transaction code

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Report

Type I( Include program )

Contains the program code that can be used by

different programs

It modularizes the source code which consists of

several different, logically related parts

Readability is improved and thus easy

maintenance

Type F( Function Group)

non-executable

container for function modules

can have its own screens

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Report

Type K(Class Definition )

non-executable

container for classes

Type J(Interface Definition )

non-executable

container for Interface

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Report

Type S(Interface Definition )

non-executable

container for subroutines

cannot have its own screens.

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Variants

A variant is an interface to the selection screen.

If you want to run the same report program with the same selections atregular intervals (for example, for monthly sales statistics), you wouldnot want to enter the same values each time. ABAP/4 offers you apossibility to combine the desired values for all these selections in oneselection set. Such a selection set is called a variant.

You can create as many different selection sets as you like for eachreport program and they remain assigned only to the report program inquestion.

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INITIALIZATION Point before the selection screen is

displayed

AT SELECTION-SCREEN Point after processing user input on theselection screen while the selection

screen

is still active

START-OF-SELECTION Point after processing the selectionscreen

GET Point at which the logical database offers aline of the database table .

END-OF-SELECTION Point after processing all lines offered bythe logical database.

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AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON .

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON END OF .

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON VALUE-REQUEST FOR

.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON HELP-REQUEST FOR .

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON RADIOBUTTON GROUP.

AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON BLOCK .

AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT.

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GET

The most important event for report programs with an attached logical

database is the moment at which the logical database program has reada line from a database table . To start a processing block at this event,use the GET statement as follows:

Syntax

GET .

After this statement, you can work with the current line of the databasetable . The data is provided in the table work area

Variants of GET event are :

GET FIELDS ...

GET LATE .

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End of Selection

To define a processing block after the system has read and processedall database tables of a logical database, use the keyword END-OF-SELECTION.

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Report Statements - REPORT

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REPORT StatementLINE-SIZE - Specifies, in columns, the width of the list to bedisplayed.

LINE-COUNT - Specifies the no. of lines per page

MESSAGE-ID - Allows the use of the Message statement without

explicitly specifying the message id.

NO STANDARD PAGE HEADING - suppresses the default headerfor the list displayed from your report by default.

Example :

REPORT ZTEST LINE-SIZE 250 LINE-COUNT 65(5).WRITE / Width of the Line Statement.


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Report Statements - WRITE

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WRITE Statement

Example :

DATA: WORD(16) TYPE C VALUE '0123456789ABCDEF.

WRITE AT / WORD. "new lineWRITE AT 5 WORD. "column 5WRITE AT (10) WORD. "output length 10WRITE AT /5(10) WORD. "new line, column 5, length 10

ATpl positionandlengthspecification, beforethefieldoption formattingoption

ASCHECKBOX output ascheckboxASSYMBOL output assymbol

ASICON output asicon

ASLINE output asline


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Report Statements - WRITE

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Other Options

NO-ZERONO-SIGNDECIMALS dROUND r

DD/MM/YYYYNO-GAP


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Report Statements

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NEW-PAGEUse the NEW-PAGE statement to create a page break inyour list. Page breaks allow you to make the page layout ofyour list more user-friendly.

This statement creates a page break if a preceding

statement wrote output to the screen or printer.

SKIPUse the SKIP statement to create a line feed. To create

several line feeds, specify the desired number behind SKIP.SKIP 5

This line creates five line feeds.


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Report Statements

ULINEUse the ULINE statement to create a line feed first and then draw a

horizontal line. This statement also helps to make lists easier to read.

SY-ULINEContains a horizontal line with length 255. Can be used when creating

the list.

SY-VLINE

Contains a vertical line (|). Can be used when creating the list

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Report Statements

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MOVE Statement

Use MOVE statement to assign values to variables.

MOVE f TO g.

Moves the contents of field f to field g. Field f remains

unchanged. This statement is equivalent to:g = f.

Multiple assignments likeNUMBER = FIVE = 5.are also possible. ABAP/4 executes them from right to left.


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Report Statements

MOVE Statement

MOVE TO .

This is same as an assignment statement.

S_AEDAT = I. Is equivalent to

MOVE I TO S_AEDAT.

MOVE +(length) TO +(length)

Data Variable

Beginning within the field. The first position is offset 0.

Size in Characters

Example :

DATA : FIELD1(10) TYPE C VALUE ABCDEFGHIJ,

FIELD2(10) TYPE C VALUE 1234567890.

MOVE FIELD1+ 3(4) TO FIELD2+1(4).

Result : FIELD2 is 1DEFG67890

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Report - Operands

Basic Arithmetic Operations

ABAP/4 supports the four basic arithmetic operations, as well as powercalculation. You can specify the following arithmetic operators in amathematical expression:

+ Addition

- Subtraction

* Multiplication

/ DivisionDIV Integer division

MOD Remainder of integer division

** Exponentiation

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Report - Operands

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= , EQ Equal to. , >< , NE Not Equal to.> , GT Greater than.< , LT Less than.>= , => , GE Greater than or equal to


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Report Statements - IF

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IF Statement

Used for case distinction.Depending on whether the logicalexpression logexp is true or not, this statement triggers the

execution of various sections of code enclosed by IF andENDIF. There are three different types:

1) IF logexp.processing1ENDIF.

2) IF logexp.processing1ELSE.processing2ENDIF.


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Report Statements - CASE

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CASE Statement

To execute different statement blocks depending on the contentsof particular data fields, you use the CASE statement as follows:

CASE .

WHEN .

WHEN .

......

WHEN OTHERS.

ENDCASE.


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Report Statements - CASE

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Example :

DATA: TXT1 VALUE 'X',

TXT2 VALUE 'Y',

TXT3 VALUE 'Z',

STRNG VALUE 'A'.

CASE STRNG.

WHEN TEXT1.

WRITE: / 'String is', TXT1.

WHEN TEXT2.

WRITE: / String is, TXT2.

WHEN OTHERS.WRITE: / String is not, TXT1, TXT2, TXT3.

ENDCASE.

Output :String is not X Y Z


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Report Statements - WHILE

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WHILE StatementRepeats the processing enclosed between the WHILE and

ENDWHILE statements as long as the logical expression logexp is true.Checks

the condition before each loop pass. If it is no longertrue, processing resumes after ENDWHILE.

You can use the CONTINUE statement to leave the current loop passprematurely and skip to the next loop pass.

Example :

WHILE NUMBER SEARCH_ME.ADD 1 TO TRIES.

NUMBER = ( MIN + MAX ) / 2.

IF NUMBER > SEARCH_ME.

MAX = NUMBER - 1.

ENDIF.

ENDWHILE.


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Report Statements - DO

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DO Statement Repeats the processing enclosed by the DO and ENDDO statements untilthe

loop is terminated by EXIT, STOP or REJECT. You can use the CONTINUE statement to end the current loop passprematurely

and continue with the next loop pass. The system field SY-INDEX counts the number of loop passes, starting from1.

You can nest DO loops. When the processing leaves a DO loop, the value ofSY-INDEX belonging to the outer DO loop is restored.

Example :DO.

WRITE: / 'SY-INDEX - Begin:', (3) SY-INDEX.

IF SY-INDEX = 10.

EXIT.

ENDIF.' ' -


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Report Statements

To terminate the processing of a loop, use one of the followingkeywords.

Keyword Purpose

CONTINUE Terminating a Loop Pass Unconditionally

CHECK Terminating a Loop Pass Conditionally

EXIT Terminating a Loop Entirely

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Report Statement - CONTINUE

Example for terminating a Loop Pass Unconditionally

To terminate a loop pass immediately without any condition, use theCONTINUE statement as follows:

DO 4 TIMES.

IF SY-INDEX = 2.CONTINUE.

ENDIF.

WRITE SY-INDEX.

ENDDO.

This produces the following output:

1 3 4

Here, the system terminates the second loop pass without processing theWRITE statement.

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Report Statement - CHECK

Example for terminating a Loop Pass Conditionally

To terminate a loop pass conditionally, use the CHECK statement asfollows:

SyntaxCHECK .

DO 4 TIMES.CHECK SY-INDEX BETWEEN 2 and 3.WRITE SY-INDEX.

ENDDO.

This produces the following output:

2 3Here, the system terminates the first and the fourth loop pass without

processing the WRITE statement because SY-INDEX does not fallbetween 2 and 3.

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Report Statement - EXIT

Example for terminating a Loop Entirely

To terminate a loop entirely without any condition, use the EXITstatement as follows:

SyntaxEXIT.

DO 4 TIMES.IF SY-INDEX = 3.

EXIT.ENDIF.

WRITE SY-INDEX.ENDDO.

This produces the following output:1 2

Here, the system terminates the entire loop processing in the third looppass without processing the WRITE statement or the fourth loop pass.

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Report - System Fields

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GeneralSY-UNAME - Logon name of the userSY-DATUM - Current dateSY-UZEIT - Current timeSY-TABIX - Current line of an internal tableSY-INDEX - Number of loop passes

ListsSY-TITLE - Report title from text elementsSY-LINCT - Number of lines from the REPORT statementSY-LINSZ - Line width from the REPORT statementSY-SROWS - Number of lines in the current window

SY-SCOLS - Number of columns in the current windowSY-PAGNO - Number of current pageSY-LINNO - Number of current lineSY-COLNO - Number of current column

During creation of the list, the system fills the last three system fields

continuously.


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Report - System Fields

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Interactive Reporting

SY-CUROW - Cursor position (line)SY-CUCOL - Cursor position (column)SY-CPAGE - Number of the current pageSY-STACO - First displayed column of the list on displaySY-STARO - First displayed line of the list on displaySY-LSIND - Index of the displayed list levelSY-LISTI - Index of the selected list levelSY-LILLI - Number of the selected lineSY-LISEL - Contents of the selected line


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String Processing

Concatenating Character Strings (CONCATENATE) Condensing Field Contents (CONDENSE) Converting to Upper/Lower Case and Substituting Characters (TRANSLATE) Overlaying Character Fields (OVERLAY) Replacing Field Contents (REPLACE)

Searching for Character Strings (SEARCH) Shifting (SHIFT) 1. Shifting a Field String by a Given Number of Positions

2. Shifting a Field String According to the First or Last Character3. Shifting a Field String up to a Given String

Splitting Character Strings (SPLIT)

Obtaining the Length of a Character String (STRLEN)


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Clear / Refresh / Free

CLEAR

This statement restores an internal table to the state it was inimmediately after you declared it. This means that the table containsno lines. However, the memory already occupied by the memory upuntil you cleared it remains allocated to the table. If you want toaddress the body of the table in a comparison, you must place twobrackets ([ ]) after the table name.

REFRESH This always applies to the body of the table. As with the CLEARstatement, the memory used by the table before you initialized itremains allocated. To release the memory space, use the statement.

FREE .

You can use FREE to initialize an internal table and release its memoryspace without first using the REFRESH or CLEAR statement. LikeREFRESH, FREE works on the table body, not on the table work area.After a FREE statement, you can address the internal table again. Itstill occupies the amount of memory required for its header (currently256 bytes). When you refill the table, the system has to allocate newmemory space to the lines.

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CLEAR/REFRESH

CLEAR ITAB.

If ITAB is an internal table without a header line, the entire table isdeleted together with all its entries.

If, however, ITAB is an internal table with a header line, only thesubfields in the table header entry are reset to their initial values.

To delete the entire internal table together with all its entries, youcan use CLEAR ITAB[ ] or REFRESH ITAB.

NOTE:

CLEAR f. Clears the field contents

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All these structures begin withAT and end with ENDAT. Thesequence of statements which lies between them is then executedif a control break occurs.

AT NEW f. / AT END OF f.

f is a sub-field of an internal table processed with LOOP.

The sequence of statements which follow it is executed if thesub-field f or a sub-field in the current LOOP line defined (onthe left) before f has a different value than in the preceding (ATNEW) or subsequent (AT END OF) table line.

AT FIRST. / AT LAST.

Executes the appropriate sequence of statements once duringthe first (AT FIRST) or last (AT LAST) loop pass.

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Report - Control Break With Internal Tables


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AT FIRSTStatements are executed before any records are processed while

looping at Internal table.

Example :LOOP AT itab.

AT FIRST.

WRITE : SY-ULINE.

ENDAT.

ENDLOOP.

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AT LASTStatements are executed after all records are processed while

looping at Internal table.

Example :

LOOP AT itab.

AT LAST.

WRITE : SY-ULINE.

ENDAT.

ENDLOOP.

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AT NEW Statements are executed at the beginning of a group of records

containing the same value for ..

Example :

LOOP AT itab.

AT NEW I_LIFNR.

WRITE : SY-ULINE

ENDAT.

ENDLOOP.

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AT END OF Statements are executed at the end of a group of records

containing the same value for .

Example :

LOOP AT itab.AT END OF I_LIFNR.

WRITE : SY-ULINE.

ENDAT.

ENDLOOP.

Note :AT NEW and AT END OF make sense only for a

sorted table.

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R S i


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SUM Statement

SUM.

SUM calculates the control totals of all fields of type I , F and P and

places them in the LOOP output area (header line of the internal table or

an explicitly specified work area).

You can use the SUM statement both at the end and the beginning of a

control group

Example:LOOP AT itab.

AT LAST.SUM.WRITE : itab-fld1.ENDAT.

ENDLOOP.Prints the sum of values of fld1 in all rows of itab.Fld1 should be a numeric type field

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Report - Summation

R S i


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COLLECT StatementCOLLECT [wa INTO] itab.

COLLECT is used to summate entries in an internal table.

COLLECT = APPEND, if no entries with the same key exists

= Adds the numeric values to their corresponding field

values, if an entry with same key exists

Used to create summarized tables.

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Report - Summation

Report - Summation


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COLLECT Statement Example

Timesheets per employee per dayINT_EMPTMSHT EMPNO(char), EDATE(date), HOURS(integer)

Total time per employee for the whole period under consideration

INT_TMSHTSUM EMPNO(char),HOURS(integer)

INT_EMPTMSHT

1000 20040102 5

1000 20040103 7

1001 20040103 8

1001 20040106 3

Report Summation

INT_TMSHTSUM

1000 12

1001 8

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