Do Now:Do Now:

Take a piece of paper from the Take a piece of paper from the countercounter

Complete the following:Complete the following: Describe the role of Muslim leaders in Describe the role of Muslim leaders in

the expansion of the Muslim empire the expansion of the Muslim empire after Muhammad’s deathafter Muhammad’s death

(Think: Rightly Guided Caliphs and (Think: Rightly Guided Caliphs and Umayyads)Umayyads)

ObjectivesObjectives

Describe the role of Muslim Describe the role of Muslim leaders in the expansion of the leaders in the expansion of the Muslim empire after Muslim empire after Muhammad’s deathMuhammad’s death

What were the Islamic influences What were the Islamic influences and achievements developed and achievements developed during Muslim Empire’s “Golden during Muslim Empire’s “Golden Age”?Age”?

What happened after the Ambush?What happened after the Ambush?

After the collapse After the collapse of Umayyad of Umayyad control, the control, the Muslim Empire Muslim Empire was split into was split into easterneastern and and westernwestern territoriesterritories

Abbasid Caliphate

al-Andalus (Muslim Spain)

Who were the Abbasids?Who were the Abbasids? The Abbasids were Arabs who descended The Abbasids were Arabs who descended

from Muhammad’s familyfrom Muhammad’s family Settled in an area that was once part of Settled in an area that was once part of

the Persian Empire. the Persian Empire. As a result they adopted Persian customs As a result they adopted Persian customs

and hired Persian officials to run the and hired Persian officials to run the governmentgovernment

They lived lives of luxury- in the example They lived lives of luxury- in the example of old Persian kingsof old Persian kings

Valued learning and educational pursuitsValued learning and educational pursuits Began after the overthrow of the Umayyad Began after the overthrow of the Umayyad

caliphs in 750 CEcaliphs in 750 CE

AbbasidAbbasid Power Power

Capital moved to Baghdad, which Capital moved to Baghdad, which became an important cultural became an important cultural center of the Muslim Empirecenter of the Muslim Empire

Due to poor leadership the Abbasid Due to poor leadership the Abbasid Empire fell in the early 800’sEmpire fell in the early 800’s

The Abbasids held onto power in The Abbasids held onto power in two ways:two ways: By Using a Policy of InclusionBy Using a Policy of Inclusion

All Muslims whether Arab or All Muslims whether Arab or non-Arab were equalnon-Arab were equal

By Using Force:By Using Force: The Abbasids used a The Abbasids used a

standing army standing army stationed at stationed at points throughout the empire points throughout the empire during times of peace and during times of peace and warwar

A New Capital: BaghdadA New Capital: Baghdad

The Abbasids The Abbasids moved the capital moved the capital of the Muslim of the Muslim Empire from Empire from Damascus to Damascus to Baghdad in 762 C.E. Baghdad in 762 C.E.

The reason: to be The reason: to be closer to the people closer to the people who supported the who supported the Abbasids and gave Abbasids and gave them powerthem power

A New CapitalA New Capital In 762, the Abbasid caliphs declared Baghdad as In 762, the Abbasid caliphs declared Baghdad as

the new capital of the Muslim empirethe new capital of the Muslim empire Baghdad became the center of trade, culture, and Baghdad became the center of trade, culture, and

education in the Muslim worldeducation in the Muslim world Located on the banks of the Tigris River and connected Located on the banks of the Tigris River and connected

to the Euphrates River by a canalto the Euphrates River by a canal 1.5 million people lived there, measured 5 miles across, 1.5 million people lived there, measured 5 miles across,

had hundreds of mosques, and over 65,000 public bath had hundreds of mosques, and over 65,000 public bath houseshouses

Complex irrigation systems to support farming Complex irrigation systems to support farming throughout the citythroughout the city

Gardens, racetracks, and pavilionsGardens, racetracks, and pavilions Baghdad became the center of world tradeBaghdad became the center of world trade The Islamic world became a mixture of cultures: Arab, The Islamic world became a mixture of cultures: Arab,

Persian, and various others from around the worldPersian, and various others from around the world

Baghdad TodayBaghdad Today

Abbasid AdvancesAbbasid Advances

The Abbasid The Abbasid empire was empire was responsible for responsible for advances in:advances in: MedicineMedicine MathematicsMathematics Literature and Literature and

poetrypoetry ArtArt PublishingPublishing

House of WisdomHouse of Wisdom

IN the 830’s the IN the 830’s the Abbasids opened Abbasids opened “House of Wisdom” in “House of Wisdom” in Baghdad to meet the Baghdad to meet the demand for demand for knowledgeknowledge Housed books on Housed books on

subjects from all over subjects from all over the worldthe world

Translated works from Translated works from the Greek philosophers the Greek philosophers Plato and AristotlePlato and Aristotle

Served as a center for Served as a center for

LiteratureLiteratureLiterature by Literature by Muslim writers Muslim writers also began to also began to become more become more and more and more popular.popular.

Books such as Books such as ““The Arabian The Arabian NightsNights” were ” were written during written during this period.this period.

Mathematics and ScienceMathematics and Science

Muslim Scholars built Muslim Scholars built upon the ideas of upon the ideas of ancient Greeks, ancient Greeks, Egyptians, and Egyptians, and Indians(from India)Indians(from India)

Al-Khwarizmi (born780) Al-Khwarizmi (born780) borrowed the numerical borrowed the numerical system from Indian system from Indian Scholars= Arabic Scholars= Arabic numbering system numbering system which we still use todaywhich we still use today

He also published a set He also published a set of calculations which of calculations which resulted in Additionresulted in Addition

Mathematics and ScienceMathematics and Science

al-Razi wrote about al-Razi wrote about diseases such as diseases such as small pox and small pox and measles. He also measles. He also published a series published a series of medical of medical encyclopedias, encyclopedias, which included which included drawings of human drawings of human anatomyanatomy

HospitalsHospitals

Hospitals were set up Hospitals were set up throughout the empirethroughout the empire

Treated poor people Treated poor people who couldn’t pay who couldn’t pay

The Hospital in The Hospital in Baghdad was a Baghdad was a teaching hospitalteaching hospital

By 931 Doctors had to By 931 Doctors had to pass examinations in pass examinations in order to practiceorder to practice

The Decline of the The Decline of the AbbasidsAbbasids

750-1258750-1258

Essential QuestionEssential Question

What challenges led to the What challenges led to the decline of the Abbasid rule?decline of the Abbasid rule?

Poor LeadershipPoor Leadership The decline of the Abbasid empire was the The decline of the Abbasid empire was the

result of economic, social, and political result of economic, social, and political problems of their own makingproblems of their own making

As early as the 800’s the Abbasid rule was As early as the 800’s the Abbasid rule was challenged by challenged by factionsfactions

Some Abbasid caliphs were found of living Some Abbasid caliphs were found of living a life of luxury and neglecting their a life of luxury and neglecting their responsibilities (sounds familiar)responsibilities (sounds familiar)

They did little to protect merchants from They did little to protect merchants from attacks, which hurt trade (a major source attacks, which hurt trade (a major source of income for the caliphs), so they raised of income for the caliphs), so they raised taxes to make up for the loss of incometaxes to make up for the loss of income

The DownfallThe Downfall

Fatimid RevoltFatimid Revolt

A group which claimed to be related to A group which claimed to be related to Muhammad’s daughter FatimaMuhammad’s daughter Fatima

Challenged the Abbasid rule because they Challenged the Abbasid rule because they disliked the extravagant lifestyle of the disliked the extravagant lifestyle of the Abbasid caliphsAbbasid caliphs

They drove the Abbasids out of Egypt and They drove the Abbasids out of Egypt and Tunisia Tunisia

Set up their own caliphate in Northern AfricaSet up their own caliphate in Northern Africa By the 960’s they ruled most of Northern By the 960’s they ruled most of Northern

AfricaAfrica

The Seljuk TurksThe Seljuk Turks 1055 the Seljuk Turks from Central Asia 1055 the Seljuk Turks from Central Asia

captured Baghdadcaptured Baghdad The Seljuk leader became ruler of the The Seljuk leader became ruler of the

empire and allowed the Abbasid caliph to empire and allowed the Abbasid caliph to remain a religious leaderremain a religious leader

Over time the Seljuks converted to Islam, Over time the Seljuks converted to Islam, expanded the size of their empire, and by expanded the size of their empire, and by 1071 captured Jerusalem1071 captured Jerusalem

By the late 1090’s threatened the By the late 1090’s threatened the Byzantine capital Constantinople, which Byzantine capital Constantinople, which resulted in a military response by the resulted in a military response by the Christians (Crusades)Christians (Crusades)

Mongols Capture BaghdadMongols Capture Baghdad In 1258 the Mongols, lead In 1258 the Mongols, lead

by Ghangis Khan, overran by Ghangis Khan, overran Baghdad destroying the cityBaghdad destroying the city The Mongols murdered The Mongols murdered

over 200,000 people over 200,000 people The claimed that they The claimed that they

would end corruption in the would end corruption in the citycity

They allowed the remaining They allowed the remaining population of the empire to population of the empire to keep their religion and keep their religion and eventually the Mongols eventually the Mongols converted to Islamconverted to Islam

The Abbasid caliph was The Abbasid caliph was murdered and with his murdered and with his death came the end of the death came the end of the Abbasid EmpireAbbasid Empire

Review QuestionReview Question

Why did the Abbasid rule come to an end?Why did the Abbasid rule come to an end?