NON.SEMINAL MNEMONICS

(MMIMO'MICI 1M (:~AnlfICATORY L AHGUAGI n(DI'TH CLAIII'ICATION 38)

DiltinSU1ehelPatw.en General Unamonioeand Rostrioted Mnemonioa used al aid to mem-ory. Examines four kinds of Soheduled Une-monies and a1ao Systematio unemonioa. Thelatter is a new kind of mnemonios. Makes aoomparative study of the inoiden~e of fivekinde of mnemonio8 in CO and DC.

(ACl)CC

(CD)(CI)DC

(ECI)(MCr)(PCl)(SO)(51)(T1)

ABBREVIATIONS USED

Anteriorising Common IsolateColon ClaesificationChronological DeviceCommon IsolateD~cimaJ Clu l,JificationEnergy Common holateMattlu' Common laola.tePeuona.llty Common laclateSubjoct DeviceSpace holateTime holate

1 INTRODUCTION

11 Communication with Others

El(periences and facts in the idea planecan serve little social purpose, unless com-municated to others. Normally communi-

V 9 N 1 Mar 7962

Pap'" A

ABDUL RA H MAN ANDLi.brlJ'iAnlinduit.n M&ohln. ~~ol. tt4.!ansalo:rlT RANGANATHANLibrarianNational Aaronautioal Laboratory!angalora

cation it in the vubal plana. Every conceptor percept hu, therefore, to b. denoted bya term in the vorbal plane. Obvioully eco-nor.:lYin communication would call for one.and only one term bein, UI ed to denote oneand the lamo idea irreapective of the con-text of its occurrence.

lZ Self. CommunicationApart from communication with othel'l,

there has to be communication with one-lelf. To give a particular enunciation ofthia. Rama of today has frequently to com-municate with RamI. of 1960. and 10 on with-out end. In thil context. RamI. of the paltcan in all hie ellence be replaced by Rama'.memory. RamI. of now ie Rama' 8 memoryplul RamI.' I other mental activiUe. such a.perceiving. concetvtng, informins. arguins.vnifying etc. Here again is need for corre-lation between past memory and present men-tal acti.vities. Thia caU. for aelf-communi-cation. Here lobo economy in self-communi-cation would call for one and only one termbeing used to denote one and the same ideairrespective of the context of it, occurrence.

13 Unique Term

Both in social communication and 8el£-communication then. every existent- per-ceptual or conceptual, concrete or abstract.with or without a ccr r el at e outside one'smind - should be denoted by one term, andideally by one term only. In a natural Lan -

7

A13 ABDUL RAHMAN AND RANGANATHAN

guage there is usually a considerable de-viation from this ideal of a unique term foreach existent or entity. This is becausea natural language grows virtually withoutcontrol. It grows, indeed, in the lipsof everybody. But scientific language-jargon as it is called-is meant only forcommunication within a relatively smallspecialist group of persons. Its growthcan, therefore, be controlled and regu-lated so as to conform to the ideal men-tioned above.

14 General Mnemonics

The proper noun used as the name of aperson is the best known example .of unique-nes s of term, though, alas, author s wi l fulLywrite books under different names callingfor an expensive International Conference ofCataloguers to face this problem Witness the1961 Conference in Paris'. Fortunatelyali-ases form only a very small percentage ofnames. We may look on proper nouns usedto denote persons as a case of primitivemnemonics- primitive aids to memory. Itis in general, use.

15 General Mnemonicsin Notational Plane

In the field of library classification werepresent each entity by an ordinal number.In fact an entity is first replaced by a com-plex of its essential differentiating attributes-or characteristics - essential to the subject-context under consideration, stated in a help-:ful sequence. Then each characteristic isrepresented by a digit or a set of digits deem-ed to have been frozen into a single one.These digits are written in succession. Eachdigit is unique as if it were a proper noun todenote the measure of the characteristic con-cerned, within the context of the sequence ofdigits containing it. T'h e digit is an array-isolate number. The idea represented by itis an array-isolate idea. The term equi-val ent to it is an array-isolate term in thegiven subject-context. This is general mne-monics in the notational plane. The entiresequence of digits - it may be an isolate num-ber or a class number as the case may be-amounts similarly to general mnemonics inthe notational plane. This is all primitivemnemonics.

2

16 Mnemonics in aRestricted Sense

Apart from the all-pervading primitivemnemonics inherent in a system of class num-bers, there are also mnemonics in a r es t r ict edsense. In this restricted sense a digit or a setof digits represents the same entity irrespec-tive of the sequence of digits among which itoccurs. Three varieties of restricted mnemo-nics of this kind have been recognised in classificatory language- Scheduled Mnemonics [R5] ,

_Systematic Mnemonics and Seminal Mnemonics[R7]. Alphabetical mnemonics is rather trivial

• and is us ed both in clas sification and in com-mon usage. Abbreviations and intionyms areexamples. It lacks uniqueness of r epr eserrt>ation. Indeed alphabetical device - the meansof alphabetical mnemonics - needs enumer-ation in each subject-context. It has, there-fore, been stated to yield only special iso-lates instead of (CI). On the other hand,scheduled menmonics and seminal mnemo-nics give (C I) and quasi (C I).

17 Mnemonics in CC

A profuse use of scheduled, systematic,and seminal mnemonics secures economy

\

both in thought and in length of the schedule.It bestows on the classifier a large amountof autonomy. Its value increases as and whenthe mnemonics leads to reflex action. Thisis visible in every good scheme of classifi-cation. But much attention was not given to itin enumerative schemes. In this case it wasa matter of casual occurrence rather than ofconscious efort. The device of mnemonicswas not therefore fully exploited. Its ex-ploitation began only with the emergence ofanal ytico - synthetic schemes of clas sification.CC is the first scheme to exploit it in greatmeasure.

17I Genesis of this Paper

During the last four months, Dr S RRanganathan has been engaging himself inpreparing ed 7 of CC. He asked us to checkthe index to the schedules, as it had beencarrying, as stated by him, some mistakesfrom edition to edition due to his not findingtime to check it thoroughly. When we didthe check up, it was a delight for us to ex-perience the all-pervasive play of mnemonicof various kinds in CC. It fascinated us somuch that we took up a systematic study of it

An lib s

NON -SEMINAL MNEMONICS A22

This paper is the first instalment of the re-sults of our study.

172 Deviation from Mnemonic s

In spite of the abundance of mnemonics,the checking of the index disclosed deviationfrom mnemonics in the case of about 50 iso-lates. It is the wish of Dr S R Ranganathanto set right these deviations, wherever theyare due to inadvertence. There are howeversome cases where the deviation has been in-evitable and therefore deliberate. We are nowengaged in examining these 50 cases. Theresults of our study will be given in anotherpaper.

18 Scheduled Mnemonics

It is possible to recognise four kinds ofscheduled mnemonics:-

1 Common isolates;2 Isolates or subdivisions of isolates got by

subject device;3 Isolates pertaining to two or a few basic

classes running parallel; and4 Isolates with casual mriernoni c s .

The third kind mentioned here does notamount to common isolates as they are notapplicable to any host class whatever and evento a fairly large number of host classes.

2 COMMON ISOLATE

'CC has ten schedules of common isolates. These are

22

In the Prolegomena a common isolate isdefined as "an isolate idea denoted by thesame isolate term and represented by thesame isolate number whatever be the hostclass to which it is attached" [R8]. CC usesthe working definition of a (C I), as "an iso-late attachable to many classes if not all".According to DC ed 16, "The form divisionsmay be used with any subject when appli-cable" [DI].

21 DCDC has one schedule of common isolates.

It is the schedule of form divisions given inpages 89-93 of ed 16. This schedule includes63 common isolates. Some of these vi z , , 093-099; 0263 to 0269; and 0613-0619, containwithin themselves as many common isolatesas the number of divisions comprehended by930-999 in the main tables.

CC

Nature of (CI) RemarksSe r N

o Anteriorising CommonIsolate (ACI) (Applicablebefo r space facet)

ACI (applicableafter space facet)

ACI (applicable aftertim e facet)

2

3 Posteriorising EnergyCommon Isolate (ECI)

4 Posteriorising MatterCommon Isolate (MCI)

5 PosteriorisingPersonalIty CommonIsolate (PCI)

6 Time Isolate (TI) Level

7 (TI)-Level 2

8 Space Isolate (SI) -Level 1

9 (SI) -Level 2

V 9 N 7 Mar 7962

Number of (CI)

18

2

10

12Estimated to be 1,000Under investigation

~7 1Estimated to be ~O, 000.Under investigation

14

31

12

1,440

10

Estimated to be 1000Under investigation

3

A3

3 ISOLATE BY SUBJECT DEVICE

CC defines subject device as follows:"The subject device consists in using the ap-propriate class characteristic for the forma-tion or the subdivision of an isolate which iscapable of such formation or subdivision orwhen the individualisation of the isolates, orsub-isolates, may be made to depend con-veniently on a class that may be definitelyassociated with the respective foci in anymaner or for any reason" [R2J.

According to DC ed 16 " If directed to'di-vide like main classification' as in 0 l6, num-ber for required subjects is added exactly asit stands in T (Tables); e g; Bibliography ofPolish poetry 016.891851" [D2].

31 DC

DC specifies the places where (SD) canbe applied, whether as fully as the main clas-sification or restricted to a particular range ofmain classification. Here is an exarnpl e ofrestriction to a particular range of main clas-sification. "338.4562 - 45698 Machinery inmajor industries. Divide like 620-698". DCpermits use of (SD) in cases not explicitlyspecified in the main tables, but it gives thefollowing warning." Combining number s in away not printed in tables must be dun withgreat care or confuzion results. Many uzers,fascinated with the posibilities of the sistem,make combinations more injenius than use-ful; e g., 'The horse's foot and how to shoeit' was once markt 636. 1682, i.e., black-smithing number, 682, added to horse num-ber 636, I, while 636.168 means Americanponies" [D3J.

32 CC

CC indicates either in the schedules or inthe rules the cases where (SD) may be applied.This is not however exhaustive. With the gain-ing of experienc'e a classifier will develop thesense to decide the other cases where (SD) maybe applied if the enumerated divisions fail him.The danger of the incidence of homonymousclass number as a result of (SD) in the mannerindicated in the quotation in section 31, when

4

applied in DC, is impossible in CC. In factthe incidence of such homonym had beenfelt all along as a grave pot ent ial danger indeveloping CC. This feeling had led duringthe earlier years to the prohibitory instruc-tion that (SD) should not be applied unlessauthorised in the rules or in the schedules.This prohibitory instruction reduced theautonomy of the clas sifier. This was un-desirable. The situation was ultimately metin ed 5 ( 1957) with the concept of "packet no-tation" . According to packet notation, thepart of an isolate number contributed by (SD)should be enclos ed within circular brackets.Thus (SD) can now be used in CC wheneverwarranted. Care should, however, be takento see that an equivalent number has not beenincluded in the enumerated part of the sched-ule. Otherwise synonyms will occur amongisolate numbers and class numbers. And syn-onyms are as great a danger in a classificatorylanguage as homonyms. In avoiding the Syllaof homonyms one should not dash against theChabrydis.

4 PARALLEL SCHEDULESOF ISOLATES

Certain characteristics recur as thebasis for the formation of any array of someorder or other of several classes. It willbe a help to memory if the isolates in eacharray of such a set occur in a sequenceparallel to those in every other array of thesame set and in addition the same isolatenumber of digits is used to represent thecorresponding isolates in all the arrays.Conformity to this is demanded by the Canonof Scheduled Mnemonics [R6].

41 DC

In DC there are no parallel schedulesof isolates. What appear to be parallelschedules by the device of' divided like' oc-curring throughout the schedule are due mere-ly either to (SD) or to facet device.

42 CC

CC has made sufficient use of the parallelschedules to fulfil the Canon of ScheduledMnemonics and the Law of Parsimony. Hereis a list of the parallel schedules appearing inCC ed 6.

An lib sc

NON -SEMINAL MNEMONICS A421

421 List of Parallel Schedules

Ser N 1 B__C ~ F_a_c_e_t I~-p--a-r-a_ll_e_l_S__ch__e_du_l_e _

a [p]

[M][E]

23

2Bl3

4567

B 15B16C9B3D

[E] [2P][p]

[P2]

[P2]

[p][E] [2P][p]

[E][p][E]

[E][p][E] [2P][p]

[P2]

8 D6

9 D66

101112

FFG

131415

GHIHI

16171819

H2H7H7I

20 I

212223242526

[E] [2P][2P]for 3 in[E][2P]for 4 in[E][2P]for 7 in[E][E] [2P][p]

IJJJKKX

27282930

[2P]for 4 in [E][2E]for 4 in [E][2E]Jor 35 in [p][E]

KXKXKXL

31 [E]L

V 9 N 1 Mar 7962

8 By social groups of readers (To be divideda s in Y Sociology)

Same as foci in [p] for Generalia Bibliography39 By the use of special functions (To be

divided as in B39)To be divided as B 13To be divided as B 13Similar to thos e in C5 Radiation with additions8553 Chemical treatment (To be divided bysubstance us ed as in E Chemistry)4 Traction (To be divided on the analogy ofdivision 5 [p]4 Transport (In accordance with 5 in [p] andadditions)Same as in E Chemistry and additionsAs in E [E] 8, of ChemistryAfter 12, other divisions same as in L Medicineand I Botany as the case may be4 Pathology (To be divided as in L Medicine)As in E Chemistry and additions1 Preliminades (Subdivisions as in G Biologyand additions)Same as those for HI except 8As in E ChemistryAs in E Chemistry95 Ecological groups (Same as in G Biologyand additions)197 Formative regions (For the functionalsystem of organ the foci 2 to 8 in [p] ofL Medicine are to be used as far asapplicable)As in G Biology and additionsAs in part array of [p]As in L MedicineAs in part array of [p]As in G Biology with additionsUtility array 0..- [p]Same as in J with additionsAs in L MedicineAs in L MedicineAs in J Agriculture3 PhysiologyTo be divided as in G Biology withmodifications521 HabitationTo be subdivided as in NA

5

A421

Ser N BC

32 L

33 L

34 L

35 L

36 L

3. L

38 L

3940

MJ7A

414'243444546

NNBNDNOoP

47 P

48 P

49 P

50 P

51 R4

52

53 S

54 S

55 T

56 v

575859

WWX

6

ABDUL RAHMAN AND RANGANATHAN

Facet Parallel Schedule

[EJ

[EJ

522 AnimalTo be subdivided as in KX Animal husbandry523 FoodTo be subdivided as P of E Chemistry andF Technology524 IntoxicantTo be subdivided as above526 MedicineTo be subdi vide d as in 52354 Prevention of diseases in generalTo be subdivided as 4 disease577 ClothingSame as [p] of M7 Textiles41 Snake PoisonTo be further divided as [p] of E ChemistrySame as M7 TextilesTo be subdivided as in [P3] ofND SculptureTo be divided as [p] of 2As for NA ArchitectureSubdivided as in B9 Astronomy with additionsAs for NDAs the Language Division16 Voiced consonantTo be subdivided as 1517 Unvoiced consonantTo be subdivided as 154 PhrasesTo be divided as 35 ClausesTo be divided as 37 Pieces of compositionTo be divided as [P2] of 03W State EthicsTo be subdivided as W6 Ethics of leisure and amusementTo be divided as MY8 SocialTo be divided as [P] of Y Sociology1 Nervous reactionTo be divided as [PJ, 7 of L Medicine8 ManagementAs in E of X Economics512 Liberty of familyTo be subdivided as [P2J, 12 of Z LawAs in V HistoryAs in V History54 TransportTo be divided as 4

[E]

[E]

[E]

[E]

[2P] for 4 of [E]

[E) [2P)[P2]

[P3] for 22[E][P3] for 28[P3][p][P3)

[P3]

[P3]

[P3J

[P3]

[P]

[P]

[pJ

[EJ [2P]

[2P2]

[E] [2P)

[P2][E] [2P][p]

An lib se

NON -SEMINAL MNEMONICS A422

Se r N Facet Parallel ScheduleBC

60 [p]y

61 [p]

[p] .

y

62 y

63 [E] [2P]y

64 [E] [2P]y

65 [E] 2P]y

66 [E] [2P]

[E] [2P]

[E) [2P]

y

67 y

68 y

69 [E] [2P]

[E] [2P]

[E] [2P]

[E] [2P]

[p][P2]

[P2]

y

70 y

71 y

72 y

7374

zz

75 z

76 z [P3] for 3 in [P2]

422 Parent Class-Context

CC follows a certain convention in res-pect of parallel schedules. The schedule isgiven only in one class-context. In all otherclass-contexts, only a reference to that oneclass-context is given. The choice of theclass-context for giving the full schedule is

V 9 N 1 Mar 1962

2 FamilyTo be divided as R4 Ethics6 Abnormal and DefectiveTo be divided as in S Psychology11 ChildTo be subdivided as in S Psychology3 ActivityTo be divided as [p] of R4 Ethics withadditions356 CustomEach division of 35 to be subdivided as [P2]of A and by (SD)38 SymbolismEach division of 38 to be subdivided as [P2]of A and by (SD)45 CrimeTo be subdivided as in Z Law7 PersonalityTo be subdivided as in S Psychology81 HabitatTo be subdivided as [P3] of NA84 Transport - TrackTo be divided as 4 of [P], D" Engineering85 Transport VehicleTo be divided as 5 of [p], D Engineering86 OrnamentTo be divided as 1 of [p] of L Medicine91 Nomenclature etcTo be divided as in G BiologyTo be got by (GD) and (SD)4 Tort41 to 47 on the analogy of 51 to 576 Conflict of LawsAll the divisions of Z bas ed on [P2] andadditions1 Capacity11 to 197 as in [P2]

not a random one. It is usually given in theparticular class -context where the schedulemay be said to have its origin or primaryscope. We would call that cl a s s - context theparent class -context. Just as the right ofnaming a child goe s to its par ents, the rightof scheduling a set of isolates recurring inseveral" class -contexts goes with what may be

7

A422 ABDUL RAHMAN AND RANGANATHAN

reasonably taken as the parent class-context.One should, however, avoid mechanicallytaking the first class-context having a parti-cular schedule to be its parent class-context.For example. the very first line of the tableillustrates this. The first class-context isas occurring in the very beginning of the sched-ule. But the parent class-context is taken tobe Y Sociology oc cur r mg near the end of

the schedule.

5 ISOLATES WITH CASUALMNEMONICS

Schedule with casual mnemonics differsfrom scheduled mnemonics in that only a fewisolates in the array correspond with one an-other instead of all the isolates. Here is alist of such casual mnemonics.

Ser N (Be) Facet Parallel Schedule

B 13 [E] Only 1,2,3 and 6 are parallel to the canonicaldivisions of B Mathematics

2 B6 [E] Only l, 2, 3 and 6 are parellel to the canonicaldivisions of B Mathematics

3 S [P] Only 1 to 7 correspond to 1 to 7 of [P] of T4 Y [P] Only 1 to 8 correspond to 1 to 8 of [P2] of

Z Law

6 SYSTEMATIC MNEMONICS

Another kind of mnemonics or aid to mem-ory is when the arrangment of the isolates in

an array is got by the enumeration of the spe-cial isolates in it in a systematical way. Thefollowing are the principles used by CC forsuch a systematical arrangement [R3].

Ser N Systematic Mnemonics See of Prolegomena, describing it

123456789

Increasing QuantityLater -in-TimeLater -in-EvolutionSpacial ContiguityBottom- UpwardsLeft -to -RightAway-from-PositionClock-wiseIncr easing Complexity

1431143214331434

1435

In each of the examples in the succeedingsections, the digit representing the isolate inDC is underlined. Wherever the DC does

8

not individualise the subject having the iso-late in column 1, the place in column 3,pertaining to DC is left blank.

An lib sc

NON -SEMINAL MNF.MONICS A616

61611

Increasing QuantityTheory of Equations

B23 512.82

CC DCFoci in [p]

SimpleQuadraticCubicBiquadraticSimultaneousn th degree

1234

57

612 Differential and IntegralEquation

B33517.37517.38

Foci in [P2] CC DC

LinearQuadraticCubicQuarticQuinticSextic2::th degree

1234567

Foci in [P3J CC DC

First order 1Second order 2Third order 3Fourth order 4Fifth order 5Sixth order 6nth order 7

613 Geometry

B6DCFoci in [pl CC

LinePlaneThree dimensionsFour dimensionsFive dimensionsnth dimensions

123457

513

V 9 N 1 Mar 1962

614 Inorganic Substance

El 546Foci in [p] CC DC

Group 0Group 1

546.12546.38546.65546.2546.39546.66546.4546.67546.51546.68546.52546.71546.53546. 72546.54546.73546.6

o1

Group 2 2

Group 3 3

Group 4 4

Group 5 5

Group 6 6

Group 7 7

Group 8 8

Note: The groups of the Periodic Table arearranged in the increasing sequence ofthe upper limit to the valency of theelements in each group.

615 Paraffin

E6l 547.411

Foci in [p] CC DC

MethaneEthanePropaneButanePentaneHexanenth homologue

1234568

616 Olefine

E63 547.412

Foci in [p] CC DC

EthylenePropyleneButylenenth homologue

2348

9

A6l6 ABDUL RAHMAN AND RANGANATHAN

Note: In the above two cases the isolates arearranged in the increasing sequence ofthe number of the carbon-hydrogenbonds.

617 Town Planning

NB 711

Foci in [P3] CC DC

Village 1 711. 43Town 3 711.4City 5 711. 4Metropolis 7 711. 45

Note: Here the isolates are arranged in the in-creasing sequence of the size of thepopulation elus ter.

618 Political Science

W 32

Foci in [P2] CC DC

Head 1 320.157Ex e c uci.ve 2 351..

Legislature 3 328.3Party 4 329.9Public 5

Note: - In this case the isolates are arrangedin increasing sequence of the numberof persons constituting the organs ofstate.

62 Later-in-Time621 Chronological Device

In CC the use of the chronological device(CD) automatically ar ranges th e isolatesaccording to the principle of Later-in-Time.The following is a list of the places where(CD) has been us edfn CC [Rl].

Ser N Host Class Facet Host Isolate Isolate Term

1 Bl3 [P2] 3 Special equations2 5 Special forms3 9 Special arithmetic functions4 B23 [p] 9 Special equations5 B24 Special determinants6 B25 [E] [2P] 8 Special transformation7 B2A Systems of Algebra8 B36 Special series9 B37 [E] [2P] Special theories10 B392 Integral of algebric functions

(Subdivisions)11 B393 Functions defined by contour

integral (Subdivisions)12 B394 Functions defined by differ-

ential and integral equations(Subdivisions)

13 B396 Functions defined by infiniteseries and product (Subdi-visions)

14 B6A Systems of Geometry

70 An lib sc

NON -SEMINAL MNEMONICS A6223

Ser N Host Class Facet Host Isolate Isolate Term

15 C5 [E] [2P] 38 Special effects16 8 Special theories17 CA Systems18 D66 [P2] 121 Special type of generator19 JA Systems20 LA Systems21 N [P2] Epoch of style22 a [P3] Author23 P [p] 99 Artificial language24 P [P2] Variant. Stage25 0 [p) 29 Other post vedic religion26 [p] 68 Other Christianity27 78 Other Muhammadanism28 0 [p] QA Universal religion

(Telescoped subdivisions)29 SA Systems

(Telescoped subdivisions)30 T5 [2P2] 1 Intelligence test31 V [P2] 4A Specific parties

(Telescoped subdivisions)32 V [p] 91A Systems

(Telescoped subdivisions)33 XA Systems

(Telescoped subdivisions)

622 Other Cases

In CC, the principle of Later-in-Timeis used even in cases other than where the(CD) is us ed, The following is a list ofsuch cases.

6222 Str atigr aph y

H5 551. 7

Foci in [p] CC DC

Archeozoic 1 551. 71Primary 2 5551. 72Secondary 3 551. 7£Tertiary 4 55l. 7.§.

Ouarternary 5 551. 73..

6223 Religion

0 2Foci in [p] CC DC

Hinduism, Vedic 294. 1Hinduism, Post

Vedic 2" 294.5

6221 Radiation

C5 535

Foci in [p] CC DC

Light 1Ultra violet 2X-Ray 3Gamma 4Infra red 6Hertzian 7

53.2.535.841-537.53.2,.537.5352535.84~

Note: Here the arrangement of isolates is notaccording to wavelength, but accordingto sequence in time of their study andexploitation.

V 9 N 1 Mar 1962 71

A6223 ABDUL RAHMAN AND RANGANATHAN

JainismBuddhismJudaismChristianityIslam

34567

294 ...1294.1.29.2

21/~29.1.

6224 Ceremonial Activity

Y:34 39Foci in [E]Curri:(2P]l~C_C__ -I-_D_C _

ChildhoodNamingAdolescenceAdulthoodOld ageFuneralAnniversary

11123456

392.1301.4313ill.431301. 43i391

Foci

63 Later-in-Evolution631 Biology (Specials)

G9 57=r CC Q>_C _

EmbryoChildAdolescentOld age

BCDE

632 Botany

I 58CC DC

2 58.13 58.§.

4 5876 58.2.

7 581.8 583

Foci in [p]

ThallophytaBryophytaPteridophytaGymnosperm •Monocotyl edonDicotyledon

Note: DC arranges in a sequence just the reverse of Later-in-Evolution.

633 Zoology

K 59Foci in [pJ CCC-, DC

Protozoa 2 59.1

Porifera 3 59~ ..1

12

Coelenterata 4 593.5Echinodermata 5 591.]"Vermes· 6 59.2...1Mollusca 7 594Arthropoda 8 59.2..l.Prochordata andVertebrata 9 596

634 Political Science

W 32

CC ~ __ D_C _Foci in [p]

AnarchyPrimitiveFeudalMonarchyOligarchyDemocracy

123456

321.l.321.~321.1321. 5321. .1.

635 Economics

X 33 and 38---=Cc-rnc-----------Foci in [pJ

CommunicationTransportCommerceCreditPublic financeInsurance

381/1382/.§.381/1332.733'§'36.§.

3456781

64 Spacial Contiguity641 Space Isolate (Continents)

Isolate- J cc DC

Asia 4 5Europe 5 4Africa 6 6America 7 7/8Australia 8 94

642 Space Isolate(Subdivision of an area)

In CC the following convention is ob-served: -

If any ultimate area mentioned in theschedule requires fur.ther subdivisions, thesubdivision may be effected in accordance

An lib sc

NON -SEMINAL MNEMONICS

with the principle that the area be dividedinto eight convenient sectors and the sec-tors be numbered as:-

1 East2 South-East3 South4 South- West

5 West6 North-West7 North8 North-West

If only one sub-area falls in a sector.the number of the sector may be given tothe sub-area. If more than one sub-areafalls in a sector. it may be further sub-divided in a similar manner. The digit'9' may be reserved for indicating the is-lands in the neighbourhood of the area.

A strict adherence to this principle is notdemanded; nor is it possible in all cases. Allthat is intended is that the rule may be used asa rough guiding principle [R4].

ILLUSTRATION

Isolate CC DC

China 41 51Japan 4£ 5.f.

Indo-China 431 596/iThailand 433 593Malay States 435 595Indonesia 436 9.!.Burma 438 52..1India 4.1 54Ceylon 4498 548·2Pakistan 41Q1 547Iran 45 52Arabian Peninsula 46 5.1Asia Minor 41 5~Siberia 4,li 5.1Afghanistan 4.2.l 581Manchuria 494 518Korea 495 519Mongolia 496 517Sinkiang 497 516Tibet 498 515

643 Specific Kinds ofSpacial Contiguity

Sections 65 to 68 deal with specific kindsof spacial contiguity. But we have exarnpl esonly for 65 Bottom- Upwards and 67 Away-from-Position. Examples for 66 Left-to-Right and 68 Clock-Wise will arise in depthcl a s sification.

V 9 N 1 Mar 1962

65 Bottom- Upwards651 Building Engineering

D3

A6.55

69Foci in [P2] CC DC

Earth workFoundationFloorSupportStairwayRoof

123456

693.1.624·12

D411

652 Highway Engineering

625.7'CC DCFoci in [P2]

Earth workFoundationSurface

123

625.73

653 Engineering (Vehicle)

D5

625629. 13629.2

CCFoci in [P2]

Wheel 1Axle 2Spring 5Body 6

DC

654 Agriculture

JFoci in Part Array of pi CC

RootStemLeafFlower

63DC

3456

655 Medicine (Basic and Regional)

Foci in [p]

Lower extremityToe

Ll 611. 9CC DC

331

13

A655 ABDUL RAHMAN AND RANGANATHAN

Foot 32 69 Increasing ComplexityAnkle 33 691 LinguisticsLeg 34 P 4Knee 35 Foci in [P3] 1=Thigh 36

CC DC

Pelvic region 37 611.9.2. Syllable 2Abdomen 4 611.92. Word 3Thorax 5 611. 91 Phrase 4Upper extremity 6 611. 9]. Clause 5Neck 7 Sentence 6Head 8 Piece of Composition 7

656 Architecture

NA 72_F_o_c_i_i_n~[P_4_]~~ ~C~c=-_==r--l5C-. ---

FloorSupportWallPillarStairwayRoofTileCeilingDomeSpireTower

34414556631633656667

721. 6721. 1721. 2721.1721. 8721.2.

721. 7721. 46

725.2:1

67 Away-from-Position671 Astronomy

B9 52_F_o_c_i_i~n~[~P~]~_=r=====C~C__ -2 D~C~ _Earth 1· 52~Moon 2. 523,2-Sun 3 523.~Planet 4 523. ±-Mercury 41 523.41Venus 42 523. 4~Mars 43 523.43Asteroid 44 523.44Jupiter 45 523.45Saturn 46 523.46Uranus 47 523.41.Neptune 48 523.48Meteor and Comet 5 523.2,. &.

523.6523.8Star 6

74

692 PsychologyS 13 and 15=,-~~....::...C_~!oci in [E]

PerceptionCons ciousne s sCognitionEmotionConationPersonalityMetapsychology

2345678

152153·2151151.15.a137131./2.

7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTWe are indebted to Dr S R Ranganathan

for suggesting the study of the subject and forguiding us in our work.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dl Sec 2 Dewey (Mel vil), Decimal clas si-fication; ed 16; 1959; P 10

D2 Sec 3 ibid; P 55D3 Sec 31 ibidRi Sec 621 Ranganathan (S R), Colon

clas sification; ed 6; 1960;Sec 0581

R2 Sec 3 ibid; Sec 0583R3 Sec 6 ibid; Sec 084R4 Sec 642 ibid; Sec 44R5 Sec 16 Ranganathan (S R), Prole-

gomeFla to library classifi-cation; ed 2; 1957; Chap 26

R6 Se~ 4 ibid; Sec 261R7 Sec 16 ibid; Chap 27R8 Sec 2 ibid; Se c 345

An lib sc