abnormal gravitational fields of rotating superconductors

8/8/2019 Abnormal Gravitational Fields of Rotating Superconductors

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Macroscopic Spacetime Shortcuts in the Manyfold Universe and the

Abnormal Gravitomagnetic Fields in Rotating Superconductors

Fernando Ernesto Gorjao Henriques de Carvalho e Rego Loup

Faculdades Integradas Anglo Americano - Botafogo - Rio de Janeiro - Brazil(851101667 - 1985)

November 15, 2004

Abstract

Recently the idea of a Manyfold Universe was proposed by some authors to explain Dark Matter .In this study we assume that the Standard Model(SM) of particles and fields with gravity propagating

in the Higher Dimensional Spacetime(Bulk) while other interactions are confined to 3+1 Einsteinianspacetime(Brane) is not due to open strings and closed loops but instead is due to the capability ofgravity as the weakest and smallest interaction to penetrate these small Bulk size (1031m to 1035m)while protons,neutrons and other interactions stronger and larger than gravity do not fits in thesize of the Bulk and remains trapped on the Brane and we present a equation to justify this pointof view. Our picture relies over the geometrical beauty of the Manyfold Universe proposal that DarkMatter is chemically identical to ordinary matter but lies on other Folds. We present the fact that theexotic particles such as Photinos,Axions,WIMPS,Neutralinos etc all created to explain the Mistery ofDark Matter dont have physical existance because these were not found by a precise instrument as theNASA Chandra Satellite and NASA agrees with the Manyfold Universe and we will shall see this in thetext. Also the geometrical point of view for the small size of the Bulk eliminates the need of trappingmechanisms to confine matter in the Brane based on exotic physics (eq Quintessence Fields or EinsteinCosmological Constant) providing a geometric trapping mechanism of natural beauty. Matter cannotenter the Bulk because its size is larger than the size of the Bulk itself. Also we enlarge the size ofthe Bulk from 1035m to 102m demonstrating that the Newtonian Gravity Constant in 3+1 DimensionsG4 remains constant and the Newtonian Gravity constant G5 is the affected by this Bulk Enlargementso in our model large dimensions are not tied up or constrained by the 1

d2to 1

d3that in large Newtonian

spaces could affect for example planets orbits and we compute the energy density of this process andalthough we still dont know a physical process to enlarge the size of the Bulk (and we have only atheoretical mathematical model as a fingerprint but perhaps rotating superconductors can providethe desired answer and we show how a rotating superconductor can enlarge the Extra Dimension fromPlanck Size to Macroscopical one) the energy density remains low and physically affordable. Perhapsif this process will be discovered someday using rotating superconductors it will be able to explorethe Bulk Superluminal properties and produce a Macroscopic Spacetime Shortcut in the ManyfoldUniverse that would allow the Hyperfast communication between distant regions of the Universe that

otherwise would be far away distant [email protected]

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1 The Manyfold Universe(ADDK)-Nimas Arkani Hamed,Savas DimopolouDvali,Nemanja Kaloper

Recently Nimas Arkani Hamed(A),Savas Dimopolous(D),Gia Dvali(D) and Nemanja Kaloper(K) pro-posed the Manyfold Universe to explain Dark Matter [1]. In this model our Universe is folded or bended

over itself and distant parts at billion light years of distance from each other in the Brane are really atmilimeters of distance in the Bulk (pp 988 figure of the Japanese Origami in [2]) and (pp 4 fig 1 in [1]). Weadopt the fact that these entrances to the Bulk are so small of the order of 10 35m(pp 3 in [5] and pp 7in [3]) that only gravity as the weakest and smallest interaction [2] can afford to enter in the Bulk. Thisframework is somewhat different than the usual one of open strings and closed loops (pp 987 in [2])( pp 4 fig2 in [5] and pp 25 fig 11 [5]) because it is the size of the Bulk too small enough to be penetrated by protonsneutrons and other SM interactions that acts like a geometric trapping mechanism of natural beauty thatunder the SM conditions allows gravity to slip into the Bulk retaining in the Brane all the rest of SM fieldsand matter(pp 3 in [5] and pp 7 in [3]) without the need of exotic physics(Quintessence Fields or EinsteinCosmological Constant (pp 2,3 and 5 in [3]).We also use a equation to give mathematical consistence forthis point of view(pp 12 eq 14 in [5]). According to ADDK model gravity can use the Bulk Shortcuts totravel billion light years in matter of seconds in the Bulk(pp 987,988 in [2]) and (pp 3,16 in [1]) while lightneeds large amounts of time to cover the same distance in the Brane. Then the gravity of a newly formedstar at billion light years would arrive to us in minutes but the object would appear to us as Dark Staruntil the arrival of the first photons of light(pp 4,5 in [1]). Consider for example a star formed in a Galaxyat 326 million light years away:the gravity of the formed star will reach us in 2 , 5 1010 seconds travellingin the Extra Dimension of Planck size while photons of light confined to our 3+1 space needs 326 millionlight years to cover the same distance (pp 8 in [3]). Now we have a clear picture of what Dark Matterreally is:our star newly formed at 326 million light years away will interact gravitationally with matter inour local neighbourhoods in 2, 5 1010 seconds after the star formation creating a ADDK Hybrid Objectbut during the first 326 million years of existance the star will remain to us a Dark star until the arrivalof the first photons of light to make the star shine and visible.( see pp 5,6 in [1] about the commentthat a observer can see the Dark Matter if the observer waits long enough). When we measure the

gravitational field of a body we measure the gravitational field of more than one component at perhapsbillion light years of distance from each other although connected by a submilimeter extra dimension andthis combination is called by the Manyfold Universe creators(ADDK) as a Hybrid Object (pp2 in [1]).Ifwe measure the gravitational part of the visible component of course we will find that this is less than thewhole field.The difference is the so-called Dark Matter. The attempts of Axions,WIMPS,Neutralinosand all the SUSY Particles are not able to solve this problem [11] and NASA agrees with the ManyfoldUniverse(ADDK) Model [11]

The Superluminal properties of the Extra Dimension were already noticed by ADDK authors (seepp,3,16 in [1] and pp 8 in [3]). This does not means to say that gravity propagates at Superluminalspeeds:it means to say that gravity can take the shortcuts thru the Extra Dimension that connects atPlanck size remote parts of the Universe at billion light years away arriving first than photons of light to

these remote parts since photons are confined to our ordinary spacetime and cannot take shortcuts. Ifwe assume that there exists a physical process to enlarge the size of the Bulk from 1035m to 102m andalthough this process remains unknown (and we have only a theoretical mathematical model but rotatingsuperconductors can provide the right answer and we will demonstrate this in the text body of this work)(pp 12 eq 14 in [5]) we compute the energy density and surprisingly we demonstrate that this enlargementneeds low and affordable energies.Dark Matter is the strongest proof that we live in a Hyper DimensionalUniverse[1, 4].Astronomers are detecting Dark Matter even in our galaxy not at billion light-years away

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[4] (pp 5 in [1])where our instruments can give measures with precision.It is difficult to spot a source atbillion light years away but a source at 100.000 light years away is well within our capability.This is a factnot a exotic theory and this matter do not have a physical component as a body. The gravity of distantobjects at billion light years away in the ordinary 3+1 spacetime are really at milimeters of distance in aHyper Dimensional Universe and gravity can take the shortcut to reach us in minutes while light needs to

travel billion light years(pp 2 in [1]). All we have to do is to enlarge these tiny spacetime shortcuts from1031 meters to 102 meters large enough to contain macroscopic bodies([6])and then we will be able toexplore distant parts of the Universe.( pp 12 eq 14 in [5]) We need to enlarge these tiny holes from 1031

meters(considering a Bulk of this size) to 102 meters keeping the G00 of the Einstein Field Equations theenergy density low and close to zero(assuming that we need some form of energy to enlarge the Bulkthen we must worry ourselves about the amount of energy needed) because we will increase a dimensionfrom 1035 meters to 102 meters.We will raise a volume by a magnitude of 1037 roughly speaking we willmultiply by 10.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 times and if G00 is between 0 and 1 butin the neighbourhoods of 1 this process will require a unphysical amount of energy.We must keep our G00

between 0 and 1 but close to zero to keep the energy at a physical reasonable level and we need also todiscover a real physical process to enlarge these tiny holes.Rotating Superconductors seems to be the rightpath .Then if we can figure out this process we can perhaps open a Macroscopic Spacetime Shortcut in

the Manyfold Universe connecting remote regions of the Universe([6]) that otherwise would be far awaydistant forever.

2 Bulk Topology - The Japanese Origami

In the Japanese Origami (pp 988 in [2]) and (pp 4 fig 1 in [1] and Manyfold Universe picture in[4]) we can see a folded 3+1 region of Einstein Universe with a lenght of billion light years and with twoBraneFolds(one left and another right) separated by a milimeter distance in the Bulk.In order to trap SMfields in each Brane allowing only gravity to slip from one Brane to another the throat can have milimetersin lenght but must have a restraint of about 1035m width and height acting as a bottleneck trappingprotons and neutrons larger than the throat in the Brane while gravity travels in the Bulk.This throatis the SM bottleneck and in the next section we will present the equation of this bottleneck.

Another idea for this throat can be figured out looking also to the picture in (pp 3 in [5]).The straightline can be the milimeter distance between two Branefolds in the ADDK model but the straight line isactually a cylinder of radius 1035 m.

The Bulk dimension R is composed by R2 = p2 + q2 + r2 where p is the milimeter distance and q andr are the 1035m throat bottleneck.

Initially R2 = 2 1035 and p = 0 (Left Brane) or p = 103m (Right Brane) and R corresponds to theBulk in [3]. Note that 1035m is so small that R is close to zero and the ansatz of [3] reduces to a SRansatz(Reductions to SR ansatz will be further mentioned in this work).

If we want a throat with 102m wide then q, r = 102 and R2 = p2 + 2 102.Negleting p for 0 and 103(or 106 for p2) then R2 = 2

102 and R = (2)

10. This resembles the R = 15 from (pp8 in [3]) .

But what if we could discover a way to enlarge this Planck size dimension from 1035 m to 200 metersThe Planck size of the Extra Dimension can be written in function of some well-known physical constantsand the expression was obtained by a research group in the University of Amsterdam Holland(pp 12 eq 14in [5]).

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3 Enlarging The Bulk Dimension from The Planck Length To A Macro-scopical Size - The Dutch Equation-Szczepan W. Kowalczyk,JornMossel

Recently some researchers in Holland (Kowalczyk,Mossel et al)([12, 13]) studied the behaviour of grav-itation in 5 dimensions considering all the well-known and proved experimental physics and they arrivedat a very interesting result. A equation giving the radius of the extra dimension as the Planck Lengthin function of some physical constants.( pp 12 eq 14 in [5]). This equation is fundamental in our studyto enlarge the Bulk to a Macroscopical size and will be further mentioned as the Dutch Equation.Bychanging the values of some physical constants we will enlarge the size of the Bulk.Also Marc Millis fromNASA conjectured the possibility to alter some physical constants to create space propulsion(altering thevalue of the gravitational constant G Bias Drive in [6]).We prefer to do not change the value of G andinstead we choose to manipulate the values of electric and magnetic permeability and permissivity in thevacuum to change the size of the Bulk to Macroscopical.

The Dutch Equation is:

R =

40G2

2c2(1)

This equation shows the relation between some physical constants and the geometry of a spacetime.Bychanging the constants we will change the geometrical properties of the Bulk and the behaviour of agiven spacetime can be engineered[6].This is why the Dutch Equation is so important:the beauty ofspacetime geometry related to physical constants.In the Dutch Equation R is the radius of the Bulk, isthe elementary charge of the electron, is the Planck Constant,G is the Newton Gravitational Constant and0 is the electric permeability of the vacuum.Inserting the known values of the constants we will get a resultR = 1.9 1034m near the Planck Length.Note also that the size of the Bulk dimension depends only onconstants of our physical dimension and this is very good for a spacetime manipulation[6],otherwise we

would never be able to control the Bulk geometry.This another important point of the Dutch Equation.We choose to work with the electric permeability of the vacuum because eletromagnetic interactionsare a well understood phenomema and more easily controllable[6].

Enlarging the electric permittivity in the vacuum by a still unknown physical process we will uncurlthe extra dimension allowing Macroscopic Shortcuts.We hope that Rotating Superconductors can providethe final answer.

By enlarging 0 to 1 a we will raise the size of the Bulk dimension to Macroscopical one but we want tokeep c = 1

(u01)constant to do not break the Lorentz invariance and retains the laws of electromagnetism

valid as many as possible.Then our physical process that will raise the 1 will proportionally low the u0 .Working with c = 1 implies that

(u01) = 1 and we can rewrite the Dutch Equation as:

R =

41G2

2 (2)

R is directly proportional to

1 then we can write R = P1

1 where P1 encompasses all the otherinvariant constants.

In the next section we will also work with variables 0 and u0 because c can also decrease(VSL Cosmologyand Rotating Superconductors).

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We must consider that changing the 1 we are changing the behaviour of electromagnetism and perhapsaffecting the molecular or atomic structure of a macroscopic body:Then if we want to enlarge the Bulk toallow the passage of the macroscopic body to the higher dimensional spacetime we must create a geometricmanipulation of spacetime[6] that will alter 1 in the neighbourhoods of the body but far away from itand in the spacetime region where the body resides 1 must remains unchanged.Our idea is to involve the

body inside a bubble distortion that will change 1 in the bubble walls enlarging the Bulk but insidethe bubble and far away from it the 1 remains unchanged to preserve compatibility with the knownphysical laws(1 = 0).Perhaps Rotating Superconductors can open the possibility to generate this process.

Enlarging 1 we will decrease the Coulomb Constant affecting the electric forces and the macroscopicbody must remain inside the bubble where 1 = 0 to retain intact its atomic structure.This must deservesfurther investigation in the future because we reckognize that the Bulk can be enlarged but inserting abubble containing a Macroscopic Body is somewhat still complicated.

4 The Variable Light Speed(VSL) Cosmology - Joao Magueijo

All our discussion of changing the electric permeability in vacuum to create a shortcut to higherdimensional space would be regarded as useless without a clue of realistic physical experimental evidencethat this is really possible. We choosed to change electric permeability instead of G(Millis Bias Drive[6])because electromagnetism is a more well understood physical interaction than gravity in agreement withMillis.[6]. If we change for example electric permeability in vacuum we may change the value of the speedof light in vacuum and this would not be a absolute constant.If light speed is or is not a constant in thevacuum is one of the most controversial paradigms of modern physics.This paradigm leads us to JoaoMagueijo.(pp 5 in [7]).

Magueijo supports the argument that light speed is now slower than it was billion of years ago.AlthoughMagueijo is not alone following this line of reason and he was not the first to propose this idea,he is one ofthe most stronger and active supporters of this idea.Experimental data obtained from supernova explosionsseems to confirm Magueijo point of view.(pp 38 in [7]).

A variable light speed cosmology is very important to our point of view of changing fundamental physicalconstants to enlarge Bulk Size allowing Macroscopical Shortcuts:It provides the proof that it really can bedone,otherwise for a absolute and constant speed of light our discussion would be completely useless.

If light speed varies with time then c = 1(u01)

depends on a variable

(u01) .Here we face the

following scenarios:

1) u0 varies and 1 is constant;

2) u0 is constant and 1 varies;

3) u0 varies and 1 varies.

In all the above cases the Dutch Equation will be affected and since light speed slows down then theradius R of the Bulk increases.The desirable situation for our case would be the second item:a variationof electric permeability will affect the Dutch Equation in upper and lower parts of the fraction while firstitem affects only the lower part.The radius of the Bulk increases because u0 or 1 increases.

Although this variation depending on time is pretty small and needs billion years to be verified it reallyhappens,opening the hope that if it can happen in time perhaps the spacetime can be engineered to

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produce a local variation on u0 or 1 depending on geometry and electromagnetism.(Millis in [6]).Perhapsa vacuum polarization as referred by Magueijo in (abstract of [7]) can be engineered.

The desirable situation would be the one of eq 3 of previous section.We considered in the previous section a changing 1 with the corresponding changing in u0 to make

c = 1.

If we consider a varying c due to a increasing 1 keeping u0 constant,but having a variable c then wemust rewrite the Dutch Equation as follows:

R =

421G

2u02

(3)

Note that now 21 have a more strong influence over the Bulk Radius.The relation between the size of the Bulk R and 1 would be given by :

1. u0 varies and 1 varies (fixed value c = 1 the case of previous section),R = P1

1 ,R2 = P21 1 ;

2. u0 is constant and 1 varies (variable c),R = P21,R2 = P22

21 .

Again as stated before for P1,P2 are the other constants in the Dutch Equation.The differentials of Bulk radius needed for the ansatz are given by:

1) dR = P2d1 ;

2) dR = 12P11

d1 .

1) dR2 = P22 d21 ;

2) dR2 = 14P21

1d21 .

This allows us to write the General Relativity ansatz in function of the variation of the electric perme-

ability in vacuum.Note that the values of P1 =

2

(G) and P2 = 2

(Gu0) are low of the order 0 < G < 1 and

0 < < 1 because of the values of G = 6, 67 1011N m2/Kg2 and = 6,6262 1034Js that divided by = 1, 6 1019C will still produce low values although P2 < P1 due to u0 = 4 107H/m.

Then 0 < P1 < 1 and 0 < P2 < 1 and

1) dRd1 = P2 ;

2) dRd1 =12P11

.

1) ( dRd1 )2 = P22 ;

2) ( dRd1 )2 = 14

P21

1.

Note that the derivatives ofR with respect to 1 are extremely low and considering the scenario ofc = 1then the derivative will be even lower in the walls of the bubble in the region where 1 have high-values.

Considering now a varying c due to a increasing u0 then the Dutch Equation can be written as R =P3

u0 with P3 being P3 =2 0

(G) and

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1) dR = 12P3u0

du0 ;

2) dR2 = 14P23

u0du20 .

The variation of u0 could be very similar to the variation of 1 in eq 3.This can also be applied for the

next case of a varying light speed.In the case that both 0 and u0 are varying then the Dutch Equation can be written as R = P40

(u0)with P4 =

2

(G).Note that in this case c = 1(u00)

varies accordingly.

1) dR = P4(2

(u0)0d0 +12

0(u0)

du0) ;

2) dR2 = P24 (2

(u0)0d0 +12

0(u0)

du0)2 ;

3) dR2 = P24 20(4u0d

20 + 2d0du0 +

14

1u0

du20) .

An interesting feature can be noted when we apply our concept of enlarging the Bulk radius R by

increasing 1 in the framework of the electric and gravitational forces:

1) gravitational force remains the same;

2) electric force looses intensity .

From (pp 12 between eq 13 and 14 in [5]) we can derive the relation between gravitational constants ina 4D and in a 5D spacetimes: G4 =

G58R G5 = G4 8R. Assuming that G4 the Newton Constant is really

a constant then when we enlarge the Bulk we enlarge G5 keeping the gravitational force Fg =G4M1M2

D212

constant .Remember that for two bodies M1 and M2 separated by a distance D12,R


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5 The Kalbermann-Halevi Solution of the Einstein Field Equations forDark Matter-German(Zvi) Kalbermann,Hai Halevi

Our point of view as stated before relies upon geometrical beauty of the Manyfold Universe between

chemical equivalence between Dark Matter and ordinary matter(abstract pp 2,4 and fig 1 in [1]) and inthe small size of the Bulk that acts as a geometrical trapping mechanism to keep matter and SM fields inthe Brane eliminating the need of exotic trapping mechanisms (pp 2,3 and 5 in [3]). We will now introducethe ansatz that suits well in the Manyfold Universe point of view and may explain the behaviour of DarkMatter:The Correct Einstein Field Equation of General Relativity that can describe mathematically thebeauty of the ADDK Manyfold Universe was developed by German (Zvi) Kalbermann and Hai Halevifrom Jerusalem University,Tel Aviv University and Rehovot University in Israel The Kalbermann-Haleviansatz [3]. Kalbermann shows(pp 8 eq 8 in [3]) that a signal in the Bulk travels in 2, 5 1010 secondsa distance equivalent to 326 million light years in the Brane. This ansatz explains exactly the behaviourof Dark Matter: Imagine a new star formed at 326 million light years away.Its gravity will reach us in2, 5 1010 seconds affecting our local neighbourhoods but in the first 326 million years of life the starwould appear to us as a Dark Star or a MACHO star until the arrival of the first photons to our localneighbourhoods to make the star shine(pp 4,5 in [1]).This does not means that gravity propagates atSuperluminal speeds:it does mean that gravity can take the Bulk shortcuts.Consider a gravity signalentering in the throat of the Origami ,it will travel across the throat reaching the other side of theManyfold at milimeters of distance while light and SM particles and fields travelling across the Brane musttake the 326 million years to cover the distance to the other side of the fold. Considering MacroscopicBodies we cannot accelerate to Superluminal speeds due to the limitations in energy requirements butalso due to the G-forces that would destroy the integrity of the body.

The Kalbermann-Halevi ansatz is given by the following equation (pp 4 eq 3 in [3])

ds2 = a(R)dt2 b(R)dR2 c(R)dl2 (4)where R is the Bulk dimension and dl2 is the line element of the Brane.A more specifical example can be written as (pp 7 eq 7 in [3]):

ds2 = (1 + kR2)dt2 b(R)dR2 ek(R2)/2dl2 (5)This ansatz have a generic b(R)Solving the Null-Like Geodesics for the equation above and considering that R have small derivatives

and dRdt is close to zero we easily see how Kalbermann arrived at the result of 326 million light years in2, 5 1010 seconds(pp 8 eq 8 in [3]).

Solving the Null-Like with respect to the dl2 we have:

(dl

dt)2 =

a(R)

c(R)[1 b(R)

a(R)(

dR

dt)2] (6)

(dl

dt)2 =

(1 + kR2)

c(R)[1 b(R)

(1 + kR2)(

dR

dt)2] (7)

The analysis of the equation above shows that (1+kR2)

c(R) = (1 + kR2)ek(R

2)/2 and since k = 1062 (see pp

7 in [3]) then(1+kR2)c(R) >> 1 (making c = 1 in the Ansatz of Kalbermann-Halevi).

b(R)(1+kR2)(

dRdt )

2 must also

have a small value to enhance the Superluminal properties of the shortcut.

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We will now study the behaviour of the energy density G00 Einstein Tensor in this ansatz when weenlarge the size of the Bulk from 1035m to 102 m allowing matter and SM fields to use the Bulk Shortcutsto travel light years in seconds and we will show that G00 remains low and affordable.

The energy density G00 in Kalbermann-Halevi ansatz is given by[4] Although we use the G00 forillustrative purposes the final considerations will use the G00

G00 =3a

4b2c[(

db

dR

dc

dR) 2( d

2c

dR2b)] (8)

Note that this G00 is different than the one presented in the original Kalbermann work (pp 5 eq 4 in[3]) and since our G00 is the correct one (see also the Acknowledgements note in this work) it must replacethe G00 depicted in the Kalbermann original work.Also all the others Gpq must be replaced too.

We are looking for an ansatz that retains the Superluminal behaviour (pp 8 eq 8 in [3]) and (pp 3,16in [1]) and provides a low and affordable energy density whether the Bulk have the size of 10 35m or 102m.

We must find the expression for b(R) that will provide a zero energy density G00 = 0 and from thisexpression we will deduce the one for low energy densities

Then

G00 = 3a4b2c

[( dbdR

dcdR

) 2( d2cdR2

b)] = 0 (9)

when

b(R) = (kR)2ekR2

(10)

rewriting the Kalbermann-Halevi ansatz we have:

ds2 = (1 + kR2)dt2 (kR)2ekR2dR2 ek(R2)/2dl2 (11)Note that in this ansatz b(R) is not equal to (kR)2ekR

2

otherwise G00 would be zero. b(R) (kR)2ekR

2

to make G00 0 but of course not null.Also note that a b(R) (kR)2ekR

2

will have a low value increasing the Superluminal features ofthe Null-Like Geodesics as we desire due to the nature of (kR)2ekR

2

(dl

dt)2 =

(1 + kR2)

ek(R2)/2[1 (kR)

2ekR2

(1 + kR2)(

dR

dt)2] (

dl

dt)2 = (1 + kR2)ek(R

2)/2[1 (kR)2

ekR2

(1 + kR2)(

dR

dt)2] (12)

(kR)2ekR2

(1 + kR2) 0 ( dl

dt)2 = (1 + kR2)ek(R

2)/2 (13)

The equation above outlines the Kalbermann point of view in pp 8 eq 8 in [3])note that this ansatz retains the Superluminal behaviour and have a null G00 energy density whether

the Bulk size(dimension e) is of 1035m or 102 meters. Also as in the original Kalbermann-Halevi (pp 7eq 7 in [3]) it reduces to ordinary special relativity ansatz when R = 0

Of course we imagine that our unknown physical process to enlarge the Bulk(uncurling the extra curledup dimensions) would require energy then our ansatz with G00 = 0 is a mathematical curiousity mentionedonly to demonstrate that GR allows a ansatz of null-energy when uncurling the extra dimensions from1035m to 102m We are expecting that this process to uncurl the extra dimensions to macroscopic sizeneeded for spacetime shortcuts requires a G00 different than zero but low and affordable. At least we know

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that we can manipulate the value of b to get a G00 equal to or close to zero independently of the size ofthe extra dimension. For the future energy density requirements we will use G00 instead of G00

A more realistic ansatz that would enlarge the Bulk from 1035m to 102m would be given by

G00 =3a

4b2c[(

db

dR

dc

dR) 2( d

2c

dR2b)] =

1

k(14)

The k in all these equations is given by k = 1062(pp 7 in [3]) and if we make G00 =1k we would have

a very low energy density(1062) ideal for our Superluminal ansatz. Note that integrating the energydensity over the Bulk volume(since the Brane dimensions do not enter in the expression for G00) in theseconditions the energy needed for this process would still be very low even considering that the Bulk volumewill raise by a factor of 1037 times.

We have a and c fixed and explicitly written (eq 6)being b a variable.In this case the value of b will fallnear eq 9 since G00 will fall near 0.

The contravariant energy density G00 for the G00 =1k would be given by:

G00 =3

4ab2c[(

db

dR

dc

dR) 2( d

2c

dR2b)] =

1

a2k(15)

Note that a large R for Bulk radius will maximize the value of a lowering the energy density as the Bulkradius increase(Fundamental to allow Macroscopic Bodies entering in the Bulk throat) keeping valid ourapproximation of b to eq 9..

Rewriting the Kalbermann-Halevi ansatz using the Bulk radius R from the Dutch Equation(case c = 1)we should expect for:

ds2 = (1 + k41G

2

2)dt2 (k241G

2

2)ek

41G2

21

4

4G2

2

1d21 ek(

41G2

2)/2dl2 (16)

and a variable c for a varying 0 :

ds2 = (1 + k 421G2u02

)dt2 (k2 421G2u02

)ek4

2

1G2

u02 4G2u0

2d21 ek(

4

2

1G2

u02 )/2dl2 (17)

for a varying u0

ds2 = (1 + k421G

2u02

)dt2 (k2421G

2u02

)ek42

1G2u0

21

4

4G220

2

u0du20 ek(

421G2u0

2)/2dl2 (18)

for both varying 1 and u0

ds2

= (1+k

421G2u0

2 )dt2

(k24

21G

2u02 )e

k42

1G2u0

2

4

G2

21(4u0d

21+2d1du0+

1

4

1

u0 du20)e

k(42

1G2u0

2

)/2

d(19)

The four equations above outline the physical beauty of our model:a General Relativity spacetimeansatz engineered in function of the physical constants in a inspiration from Millis in [6] and Magueijoin abstract of [7] using the Dutch Equation ( pp 12 eq 14 in [5]).

Note that when R = 0 this reduces to a SR ansatz.

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The equations above were written using the terms P1,P2,P3 and P4 explicitly written to better illustrateour point of view.A algebraic sample form using P1,P2,P3 and P4 to simplify the expressions for G

00 andG00 would be given by:

ds2 = (1 + kP21 1)dt2 (k2P21 1)ekP

2

11 1

4

P211

d21 ek(P2

11)/2dl2 (20)

for c = 1 and

ds2 = (1 + kP22 21)dt

2 (k2P22 21)ekP2

221P22 d

21 ek(P

2

221)/2dl2 (21)

for a variable c in a varying 1 and

ds2 = (1 + kP23 u0)dt2 (k2P23 u0)ekP

2

3u0 1

4

P23u0

du20 ek(P2

3u0)/2dl2 (22)

for a variable c in a varying u0 and

ds2

= (1 + kP24

21u0)dt

2

(k2

P24

21u0)e

kP2421u0

P24

21(4u0d

21 + 2d1du0 +

1

4

1

u0du20) e

k(P2421u0)/2

dl2

(23)

variable c from both varying 1 and u0 .The G00 and G

00 for the case c = 1 would be given by:

G00 =3a

4b2c[(

db12P11

d1

dc12P11

d1) 2( d

2c

14P21

1d21

b)] (24)

G00 =3

4ab2c[(

db12P11

d1

dc12P11

d1) 2( d

2c

14P21

1d21

b)] (25)

and for the case of a variable c due to a varying 1 by:

G00 =3a

4b2c[(

db

P2d1

dc

P2d1) 2( d

2c

P22 d21

b)] (26)

G00 =3

4ab2c[(

db

P2d1

dc

P2d1) 2( d

2c

P22 d21

b)] (27)

for a varying u0 by:

G00 =3a

4b2c[(

db12

P3u0

du0

dc12

P3u0

du0) 2( d

2c

14P23

u0du20

b)] (28)

G00 = 34ab2c

[( db12

P3u0

du0dc

12

P3u0

du0) 2( d

2

c14P23

u0du20

b)] (29)

and for a varying 1 and u0 by:

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G00 =3a

4b2c[(

db

P4(2

(u0)1d1 +12

1(u0)

du0)

dc

P4(2

(u0)1d1 +12

1(u0)

du0))2( d

2c

P24 21(4u0d

21 + 2d1du0 +

14

1u0

du

(30)

G00 =3

4ab2c[(

db

P4(2

(u0)1d1 +12

1(u0)

du0)

dc

P4(2

(u0)1d1 +12

1(u0)

du0))2( d

2c

P24 21(4u0d

21 + 2d1du0 +

14

1u0

d

(31)These G00 and G

00 are similar to the ones used in eq 11 and 12 giving the result of eq 8 since 1k or1a2k

have values very close to zero due to a large a in the bubble walls and due to k = 1062

This illustrates how a stress energy momentum tensor of the Einstein Field Equations of GeneralRelativity can be engineered from a vacuum polarization of a variable light speed or a variable electricpermeability of the vacuum.(Millis in [6] and Magueijo in abstract of [7])

By enlarging for the eletric permittivity in vacuum we will enlarge the size of the Extra Dimensions

allowing matter and SM fields to travel to the Spacetime Shortcuts of the Manyfold Universe.But can thisbe really done?

6 The Variation of 0 and u0 to enlarge the Extra Dimension-MartinTajmar and Clovis Jacinto de Matos

Martin Tajmar from Austria and Clovis Jacinto de Matos from Portugal are two scientists of ESA(EuropeanSpace Agency) working for ESTEC(European Space Technology and Engineering Center) that for yearsdedicated their lives to study anomalous phenomena in Supercondutors.[9, 10]

The studied why the gravitomagnetic field of a Superconductor in rotation is of the order of(eq 5 in[9])

Bg = 1, 85 105 w (32)while the gravitomagnetic field of Earth(a entire Planet much more massive than a Superconductor is

of the order of(eq 7 in [9])

Bg = 3, 19 1035 w (33)What could be the cause of such high gravitomagnetic fields of magnitude order of 1030 known a Tate

results??([9] before eq 6)Tajmar and Matos suggests a abnormal coupling between Electromagnetism and Gravitation for Quan-

tum Materials of Superconductors and theoretizes different values ofG or c(exactly what we need to enlarge

the Bulk:different constants . These constants would be drastically different in Superconductors. HoweverG different would imply in reduction weight which is not observed. But a different refraction index(avariable c) being slowed down as Matos and Tajmar mentions a speed of light of 3, 9 107 m/s would beneeded to explain the Tate abnormally([9] after eq 7). Matos and Tajmar mentions experiments carriedby other researchers in which the speed of light was reduced by seven orders of magnitude or even thespeed of light is completely stopped down(a paradox since by special relativity light cannot stop) in aBose-Einstein-Condensator made of Sodium atoms.According to Matos and Tajmar this exotic behaviour

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could explain why rotating Quantum Materials could produce Non-Classical Gravitomagnetic fields evenat classical angular velocities solving the Tate abnormally. But can Quantum Materials like Niobium Su-perconductors affects the Spacetime Geometry and enlarge the Planck Extra Dimensions according to theDutch Equation??

Tajmar and Matos mentions another Tate experiment with Niobium Superconductor Rings(pp 3 in

[10]) that affects the Spacetime Geometry in a way that may be useful to enlaege the Bulk according tothe Dutch Equation.Starting with the Classical Coupling between Gravity and Electromagnetism given by(pp 3 eq 2 in

[10]):

|k| = 0g0

m

e(34)

where 0g is the Gravitomagnetic Permeability of Vacuum and 0 is the Magnetic Permeability ofVacuum m is the electron mass and e is the electron charge.

This Coupling is very small and plays no role in laboratory experiments(pp 3 in [10])However the interesting point of view proposed by Tajmar and Matos is the fact that a Superconductor

in Rotation is no longer tied to 3D+1 Spacetime:As a matter of fact in (pp 5 in [10]) both authors asks if

Spacetime is really 4D for Quantum Systems.They propose a Fractal-Spacetime of D Dimensions for Quantum Rotating Superconductors(pp 6 in

[10]) with even non-integer dimensionality but we will assume that this Fractal Spacetime is really a ExtraDimensional Manyfold Universe physical measure.(It would be very had to conceal General Relativityformalism of Ricci Curvature Tensors and Einstein Field Equations using scripts for integer dimensionswith a dimension that is a non-integer script).But the idea of Matos and Tajmar is very important andvery interesting for the study of Spacetime Shortcuts to reach Remote Parts of the Universe:MacroscopicQuantum Systems(eg Niobium Rotating Superconductors) can open the key to the Extra DimensionalSpacetime.(pp 5,6,7,8,9,10 and 11 in [10]).At least we have a Macroscopical Object that can exntendsbeyond the 4D or 3 + 1 Spacetime.For the first time we have experimental work on Extra DimensionalPhysics beyond all the theoretical BraneWorld models.( Conclusion pp 11 in [10])

They propose a GD gravitational constant defined as( eq 14 pp 6 in [10])

GDG4

= lD4c (35)

lc is the Compactification Lenght of the Extra Spatial Dimension.(In our case is of the order of PlanckLenght)

Making the D Dimensional spacetime D = 5 which means to say 3 + 1 ordinary Spacetime of 3 SpaceDimensions 1 Time Dimension and 1 Extra Planck Dimension

G5G4

= l54c G5G4

= lc (36)

They propose a GD Gravitational constant of 2, 55 1028 N

m2

Kg2 (eq 17 pp 6 in [10]) to explain theabnormal Electromagnetic and Gravitation Coupling found in Niobium Rotating Superconductors of 36orders of magnitude higher than in Classical Systems.(pp 11 in [10])

We will concentrate ourselves in the fact that a Superconductor can open the way to the HigherDimensional Spacetime and enlarge the Bulk according to the Dutch Equation.

We know that G5G4 = lc is compatible with our definition for G5 according to the Dutch Equation.The G5 according to the Dutch Equation is

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G5 = G4 8 RG5G4

= 8 RG5G4

= lc (37)

R is the radius of the Extra Dimension..note the similarity between R and lc.Note also that their GDhave the dimensionality of a G4 but we know that a GD must have also the dimensionality of lc or R inour case. But what is more important:Their G

Dis larger than G

4and applying their l

cour case of the

Dutch Equation we would have the results of a larger R.Working with a D = 5 and a reasonable large Rwe would have a

G5 = G4 8 RG5 = G4 lc (38)They claims that the Spacetime around a Superconductor is not 4 D to explain the difference of 36 orders

of magnitude between Electromagnetic and Gravitational coupling around a Rotating Superconductor.(pp11 in [10])

The Electromagnetic and Gravitational coupling for Rotating Superconductors can be given by:(pp3 eq 2 and pp 6 eq 16 without fine structure constants in [10] because we prefer the Gravitomagneticpermeability of vacuum by reasons that we will explain)

|kD| = D0g

0

m

e(39)

in case of D = 5

|k5| = 50g

0

m

e(40)

Look that |k5| > |k| in agreement that Spacetime around a Rotating Superconductor have a Couplinglarger that Classical ordinary Spacetime due to a larger size of the Extra Dimension R or lc, and a largerGravitational Constant G5 > G4.(G5 = G4 8 RG5 = G4 lc).

Then we can see how the Dutch Equation can increase the Gravitational Constant in a N-Dimensional

Spacetime affecting the Coupling by enlarging R.But exactly what causes the enlargement of the Bulk??Whatcauses the enlargement of R ??

Working now with the Gravitomagnetic permeability of vacuum(pp 3 in [10])

0g =4 G

c2(41)

|k| = 0g0

m

e |k| =

4Gc2

0

m

e(42)

|k| = 0g0

m

e |k| = 4 G

0 c2m

e(43)

But since c2 = 1e00

|k| = 0g0

m

e |k| = 4Ge0 m

e(44)

Then we can say that the Coupling between Electromagnetism and Gravity can be given by:

|k| = 4Ge0 me

(45)

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|k5| = 4G5e50m

e |k5| = 4G48Re50

m

e(46)

Ife0 and u0 from e0 and u0 to e50 and u

50 varies in the Spacetime around a Rotating Superconductor then

R varies and G5 varies too.(If e0 varies then the Gravitational fine structure constant will vary too).(pp3,6 in [10]).

|k5| = 4G48Re50m

e |k5| = 4G48(

4G2

250

u50)e

50

m

e(47)

A large u5 can make |k5| > |k| .Then a Physical model of the Dutch Equation able to enlarge the Bulkfrom the Planck Size to Macroscopical one according to the Rotating Superconductor Model explain theabnormally large Coupling of 1036 orders of magnitude implies in a enlargement of e0 and u0 according to(pp 11 in [10]).Note also that a very large e0 and u0 can make light speed drop by large values or evenslow down.([9] after eq 7).

Tajmar and Matos demonstrated the validity and reality of the Dutch Equation.

7 The Tate Effect in Cooper pairs of Rotating Superconductors.In the previous section we pointed out the importance of the point of view advocated by Martin

Tajmar and Clovis Jacinto de Matos[9, 10] that a Superconductor is no longer tied to our 3 + 1 Spacetimeand extends over Higher Dimensional Space.This can be used to probe experimentally BraneWorldconsidering that the fractal Dimension of Matos-Tajmar is a real integer Extra Dimension for the reasonswe explain in the previous section. We present here the correct explanation for the Tate Anomally whenmeasuring the mass of the Cooper Pairs in function of a Extra Dimension enlarged by the Dutch Equation.

Tajmar and Matos defines the Coupling between Eletromagnetics and Gravity using the GravitationalFine Structure Constant as: (pp 3 eq 2 in [10]).

|k|

=ag

a

e

m(48)

ag is the Gravitational Fine Structure Constant defined as:

ag =Gm2

c ag =Gm2

1e00

(49)

and a is the Electromagnetic Fine Structure Constant defined as:

a =1

40

e2

c a =

1

40

e2

1e00

(50)

|k| = aga

em

Gm2

c1

40e2

c

em

(51)

|k| = aga

e

m |k| =

Gm2

c ag =Gm2

1

e00

140

e2

c a =1

40e2

1

e00

e

m(52)

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Solving the algebraic expressions we arrive at the following results:

aga

= 40Gm2

e2(53)

|k| =ag

a

e

m

|k| = 40Gm2

e2

e

m

|k| = 40Gm

e (54)

In our previous section we defined the 5D Coupling as |k5| = 4 50 G5 me where G5 was the5D Gravitational Constant and 50 was the enlarged eletric permittivity and we observed that |k5| > |k| toexplain the abnormal large Quantum Coupling. According to Matos and Tajmar a Superconductor is nottied to 3 + 1 Spacetime and can probe Extra Dimensional space(pp 5 and pp 6 between eqs 15 to 16 in[10]).

We consider here the Tajmar-Matos Fractal Dimension as a Physical Integer Dimension since thedimension mentioned of D = 3.94(pp 7 eq 21 in [10]) would mean a fraccionary Dimension(non-integerDimension) difficult to conceal with the formalism of Einstein General Relativity with integer Dimensionsin the Christoffel Symbols etc. But Matos and Tajmar had a excellent idea:the idea that a Superconductorcan open the door to Higher Dimensional Spacetime more efficiently that Hadron TeV Colliders.

We know from our previous works that the Eletromagnetic-Gravitational Coupling can be written as

|k5| = 450G5m

e(55)

with G5 = G4 8 R and eq 14 pg 6 of [10] with D = 5 and lc = 8 RThis Enlarged Coupling will affect the Tate Anomally is the result of the fact that the Superconductor

do not move in ordinary 3 + 1 Spacetime and can access Higher Dimensions(pp 5 and 6 in [10]).This is themost important feature in Matos and Tajmar studies.

Tajmar and Matos says the mass of the Cooper Pair in a Rotation Superconductor is higher thanexpected due to a Fractal Dimension.We consider here the Extra Dimension of the Manyfold Universeand we proof that this Dimension can enlarge the mass of the Cooper Pair.Again we want to say that the

idea of a Rotating Superconductor accessing Higher Dimensional Spacetime is remarkable and is perhapsthe only way to test BraneWorlds in Laboratory.Writing the Eletromagnetic and Gravitational Coupling in function of the Dutch Equation we should

expect for:

|k| = 40G me

|k| = aga

e

m(56)

The Dutch Equation is given by:

R =

420G

2u02

(57)

R =

4G2

20u0 (58)

aga

= 40Gm2

e2(59)

One can easily see that the Dutch Equation in function of the Coupling is given by:

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R2 =aga

02u0

m2(60)

Remember that the Coupling raises due to the Higher Dimensional Spacetime[10],then G,0 and u0raises(lowering the light speed in the vicinity of the Superconductor or even stopping it as in [9] after eq

7 ).Coupling raises due to Rotation then Dutch Equation raises the size of the Extra Dimension:this iswhy we see the Higher Dimensional Spacetime for the Rotating Superconductor.

Then:

aga

=m2R2

02u0(61)

Now we can write the Eletromagnetic and Gravitational Coupling in function of the Dutch Equationas follows:

|k| = aga

e

m |k| = m

2R2

02u0

e

m |k| = 40G m

e(62)

When the Superconductor Rotates its enlarges the size of the Extra Dimension and also enlarges theCoupling:then we can say the Dutch Equation and the Coupling are inter-related phenomena.

The Mass of the Cooper Pair is related to the Coupling and to the Dutch Equation by the followingequation(eq 16 pg 6 in [10] ).

|k| = aga

e

m |k| = m

mthe

e

m |k| = m

2R2

02u0

e

m(63)

m = mexp mthe (64)Above mexp is the experimental measure of the mass of the Cooper Pair and mthe is the theoretical

value predicted.We can clearly see that the Rotation of the Superconductor enlarges the Higher DimensionalSpacetime and raises the mass of the Cooper Pair. Then according to Martin Tajmar and Clovis Jacintode Matos a Superconductor in a Higher Dimensional Spacetime can explain the large Eletromagnetic andGravitational Coupling and also explain the difference measured by Tate for the mass of the CooperPair(pp4 eq 5 in [10]).

mmthe

=m2R2

02u0(65)

Above is the relation between the Tate Anomally and the Dutch Equation.

8 Martin Tajmar and Clovis Jacinto de Matos-Abnormal Gravitomag-

netic Fields.

This section is almost entirely adapted from (pp 2 and pp 11 in [10]). with the modification fromFractal Spacetime to a Real Spacetime of integer Extra Dimensions:

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Tate showed that the Cooper Pairs in Rotating Niobium Superconductor Rings is higher than theone predicted by theory even including the relativistic corrections. In our analysis we used Higher Di-mensional Spacetime(instead of Matos and Tajmar Fractal one). But the Gravitomagnetic Field is stillmuch higher than whats Classical General Relativity predicts for the currents of mass involved in the Tateexperiment.What is the cause of such Abnormal Gravitomagnetic Fields??

We will still use Higher Dimensional Spacetime to explain this large Gravitomagnetic Field.The Non-Classical Gravitomagnetic Field is given by(eq 6 pp4 in [10] combined to pp 6 eq 16 in [10]) :

By = 2wm

mthe By = 2w

aga

By = 2wm2R2

02u0(66)

This Non Classical Gravitomagnetic Field is related to the Abnormal Tate Cooper Pair Mass and theEnlarged Extra Dimension of the Dutch Equation.

9 The Challenge To Create The Space Drive - Marc Millis

This section outlines the most direct application of this spacetime metric engineering for MacroscopicShortcuts:Interstellar Travel.If we want to talk seriously about Interstellar Travel since a shortcut in spacetime means a way to

travel to distant parts of the Universe avoiding the speed of light limitations then we must concentrateourselves on the efforts of NASA scientist Marc Millis.[6]

Actually we know that rockets are not enough for interstellar space travel and Marc Millis proposes theuse of spacetime metric engineering using electromagnetism to achieve faster than light space travel.[6]

However we also know that Superluminal travel in the Brane is impossible thinking on a realis-tic way:We dont need to mention all the existing Superluminal theories because Marc Millis alreadysummarized all of them in [6] but considering for example a Brane Only motion (which means to saymotion in ordinary spacetime without shortcuts) that would allow us to cover 326 million light-years in2, 5

1010 seconds;such a motion would imply in a impossible(and incredible) speed.Even considering

the Superluminal physics that theoretically allow this speed (not to mention that this physics is oftenregarded as exotic with negative energies etc)we know that Outer Space is not empty and a impactwith a wandering asteroid or a Black Hole would destroy the ship(or destroy the Drive effect in someof these theories[6]).Even at a low speeds of 100.000 light-years in 7 weeks in Brane Only motion forexample the impacts with hazardous objects would still deny the trip.Also incoming photons from CosmicBackground Radiation that are scattered everywhere across Outer Space for example would be severelyDoppler blueshifted posing a threat to the ship and the crew members.

The Marc Millis purpose to study the so-called Space Drives for Interstellar Travel is a remarkabletarget to be achieved but without breaking the light speed barrier and considering classical motion onthe Brane Only this target is impossible to be reached due to the time expeditures needed to reach thestars at huge distances from Earth or the unphysical behaviours one can get at Superluminal speeds

on the Brane Only.Taking the ADDK Model of the Manyfold Universe with gravity using the Bulk Shortcuts of 1035m

size to travel billion light years in seconds as our inspiration we can think about enlarging these shortcutsthat traps matter and SM fields on the Brane to allow them to enter in a Bulk Shortcut of Macroscopicsize to do the same thing that gravity does.Basically we must enlarge the throat in order to avoid theSM bottleneck and allows trips of billion light years.

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Of course we dont need speeds of 326 million light-years in 2, 5 1010 seconds:at this speed aSpace Drive would cross the entire known Universe in less than an hour but if we can engineer a Bulksize of 102 m to travel some light-years in a couple of hours this would be more than enough for MarcMillis goal of Interstellar Travel.

The inspiration behind this work on Macroscopic Bulk Shortcuts is not a mathematical abstraction but

really is to study the possibility to use them as Hyper Dimensional Space Drives that would allow theMarc Millis desired goal of Interstellar SpaceFlight.

10 Conclusion - NASA Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Program(BPP)and the 2005 World Year Of Physics

In 1996 NASA created the Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Program(BPP)[8] to seriously study thescientific possibilities of Interstellar Space Travel.The program was lead by the Aerospace Engineer MarcMillis from John Glenn Space Center at Lewis Field Ohio USA. Marc Millis launched the correct sci-entific foundations for the so-called Space Drive:propulsion without propellant,Superluminal veloc-

ity,capability to engineer motion through spacetime itself,possibility to artificially engineer a spacetimeansatz using the vacuum eletromagnetics in a way that could resemble Joao Magueijo vacuum polar-ization for variable light speed cosmology according to our model of proposed Space Drive.Our modelhave two strong points:the confirmation by NASA Chandra Satellite that Dark Matter exists and thehypothetical Dark particles such as WIMPS Axions etc have never been detected opening the possibilitythat the ADDK Manyfold Universe correspond to the physical Dark Matter reality and the observed onsupernovas fact that light speed is loosing velocity as proposed by Magueijo and others.Our Space Driverelies on these two experimental proved facts. Unfortunately in January 2003 NASA closed BPP andthe explanation given was the lack of physical evidences or physical possibilities for Superluminal spacetravel.

Unfortunately there is at present moment no viable Superluminal physics without problems and

pathologies of negative energy exotic field large amounts of energy needed photons highly Dopplerblueshifted causally disconnected portions of spacetime (aka) Horizons WEC NEC SEC energy con-ditions violations and many other sad but true features published in the physics peer-review scientificliterature and influencing NASA politicians and the final termination of NASA BPP.Unfortunately wecannot condemn or censor NASA politicians.

But perhaps the point of view launched by Nimas-Arkani Hamed,Savas Dimopolous,Gia Dvali,NemajaKaloper,Szczepan W. Kowalczyk,Jorn Mossel,German(Zvi) Kalbermann,Hai Halevi,Joao Magueijo,MarcMillis,Martin Tajmar and Clovis Jacinto de Matos can still open a light in the end of the tunnel.Perhapsif a spacetime ansatz a solution of the Einstein Field Equations of General Relativity can be engineered byvacuum polarization electromagnetics or other still unknown ways we may still dream on the possibilityof Interstellar Space Travel in a far distant future,opening the feasibility for another research program withthe pioneer vision and wisdom Marc Millis created for the NASA BPP.

The point of view that Rotating Superconductors can probe the Higher Dimensional nature of spacetimemore effective than expensive TeV Colliders deserves further investigation. The point of view that RotatingSuperconductors can probe the Higher Dimensional nature of spacetime more effective than expensiveTeV Colliders deserves further investigation. The idea of Martin Tajmar and Clovis Jacinto de Matosof European Space Agency is revolutionary and new.It not only can reinforce and give physical meaningand relevance to Higher Dimensional Physics but also can bring the Physics of BraneWorlds from the

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theoretical and abstract point of view to the Laboratory where at last Brane Models can be tested.The Year 2005 will be the Year of the Centennary of Einstein Special Theory Of Relativity and un-

fortunately light speed barrier will remain invincible and unchallengeable:but how for long?.Perhaps aMacroscopic Spacetime Shortcut in the Manyfold Universe working as a Space Drive may change thewhole picture.

11 Acknowledgements

We would like to express the most profound and sincere gratitude towards Professor Doctor Ger-man(Zvi)Kalbermann from Rehovot University Israel for the comments given when checking the GrTensorIIfor Maple IX results for the G00 energy density tensor.Also we would like to mention Paulo Alexandre San-tos from University of Aveiro Portugal for his help in getting the GrTensorII for Maple IX solutions.Also wewould like to acknowledge Lusitania Companhia de Seguros Lisboa Portugal for the computer and Internetfacilities allowed for this work.

12 Remarks

The work arXiv.org@gr-qc/0408001 was withdrawn from arXiv.org when we contacted the authorsabout the conflicting nature between Fractal Spacetime with fraccionary dimensions and General Relativ-ity.The Fractal Approach of Spacetime will be replaced by the authors with a more suitable version.Butwe still keep the original version of arXiv.org@gr-qc/0408001 for References and Bibliographic Purposesbecause the Tajmar-Matos point of view is a landmark between Material Sciencies and Physics of ExtraDimensions.

References

[1] Nima Arkani-Hamed,Savas Dimopoulos, Gia Dvali Nemanja Kaloper; arXiv.org@hep-ph/9911386 TheManyfold Universe JHEP(12)-2000-010.

[2] Roland Pease ;28 June 2001 Nature 411, 986 - 988 (2001).

[3] German Kalbermann;Communication through an extra dimension arXiv.org@gr-qc/9910063Int.J.Mod.Phys. A15 (2000) 3197-3206.

[4] for the solutions of the Einstein Field Equations see the GrTensorII for Maple IX outputs for one Bulk dimensions and 3 Bulk dimensons depicted at http://www.geocities.com/loupwarphttp://www.geocities.com/loupdrive and http://www.geocities.com/loupspeed . Also see the mentions toDark Matter findings by NASA Chandra Satellite.

[5] Stefan Kowalczyk,Quinten Krijger,Maarten Van Der Ment,Jorn Mossel,Gerben Schooneveldt,Bart Ver-doen;Constraints on Large Extra Dimensions;Department of Physics;University of Amsterdam.

[6] Millis, M. Challenge to Create the Space Drive, In Journal of Propulsion and Power (AIAA), Vol.13, No. 5, pp. 577-682, (Sept.-Oct. 1997).

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[7] Joao Magueijo;New varying speed of light theories,arXiv.org@astro-ph/0305457,Rept.Prog.Phys. 66(2003) 2025 .

[8] NASA Breakthrough Propulsion Physics Program - BPP; http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/bpp/.

[9] Martin Tajmar,Clovis Jacinto de Matos.Extended Analysis of Gravitomagnetic Fields in Rotating Su-

perconductors and Superfluids.arXiv.org@gr-qc/0406006 .

[10] Martin Tajmar,Clovis Jacinto de Matos.Gravitomagnetic Fields in Rotating Superconductors due toFractal Space-Time. arXiv.org@gr-ac/0408001 .

[11] NASA Chandra Satellite Final Report. http://chandra.harvard.edu/resources/faq/dmatter/dmatter-9-html

[12] for the Dutch Equation see the Homepage of Jorn Mossel one of the Authors from University ofAmsterdam.Holland. http://student.science.uva.nl/ jmossel/ .

[13] for the Dutch Equation see the Homepage of Szczepan W. Kowalczyk one of the Authors from Univer-sity of Amsterdam.Holland. http://student.science.uva.nl/ skowalcz/ .

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abnormal gravitational fields of rotating superconductors

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