abnormal psychology - current trends

5/26/2018 Abnormal Psychology - Current Trends

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CurrentTrends

PSYCH 205 - Abnormal

Psychology

Fundamentals of Abnormal Psychology

Chapter 1: The Present


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Current Trends - Deinstitutionalization

VIDEO: Deinstitutionalization Movement of the 60s [and its effects] a

Mental Health Issues
http://youtube.com/v/vnPLpq-xfeY


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Researchers develop a host ofpsychotropic drugs.

o ex. Thorazine - antipsychotic

Mental health professions aroundthe world enact policies of

deinstitutionalization.

Releasing 100,000s of patientsinto the general population

o Oh No They Didnt !!!

Medicaid & Medicare

Current Trends - Deinstitutionaliz


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Antipsychotic drugs

corrects extremely confused and distorted thinking.

Antidepressant drugs

lifts the mood of depressed people.

Antianxiety drugs

reduces tension and worry.

Current Trends - Deinstitutionaliz


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Short-term hospitalization (ifinstitutionalization is needed)

Outpatient psychotherapy andmedication in community programs

and residences. (communitymental health approach)

o lack of programming +

o lack of follow-up care after

release

= minimal long-term recovery

Current Trends - How Are People with SDisturbances Cared Fo


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At least 100,000 indsevere mental distuhomeless on any g

135,000 or more arjails and prisons

( Kooyman & Walsh, 2011;

Current Trends - How Are People withSDisturbances Cared Fo

Short-term hospitalization (ifinstitutionalization is needed)

Outpatient psychotherapy andmedication in community programs

and residences. (communitymental health approach)

o lack of programming +

o lack of follow-up care after

release

= minimal long-term recovery


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Current Trends - How Are People withMDisturbances Cared Fo

Before the 1950s

Instituitonalized, or referred to ... Outpatient care = private psychotherapy,

An individual directly pays a psychotherapist for counseling serv

Since the 1950s

Health insurance coverage expanded (including psychotherapy)

Outpatient care = Dominant

Offered in a number of less expensive

settings

community mental health centers,

crisis intervention centers, and

other social service agencies.

Programs devoted ex

kind of psychologica

suicide preventio

substance abuse

eating disorder p

sexual dysfunctio


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Current Trends -

positive psychology

The study and enhancement of positive feelings, tra

abilities.

prevention

Methods aimed at deterring mental disorders before

develop. (via the opening of community mental heal

centers)

A Growing Emphasis on P

Disorders and Promoting M


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VIDEO: Community Mental Health Centers: Prevention and Intervent

Current Trends -

Community Mental Hea
http://youtube.com/v/F3jGuYFi7y8


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Current Trends - Community Mental Hea

Prevention Intervent Goal = keeping people fromdeveloping a mental illness.

Educational programs aimed at

preventing particular behaviors and

responses that could or are knownto lead to psychological disorder.

Addiction

Eating Disorders

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Goal = preventing or

symptoms or side-eff

existing psychologica

Increase a pers

function in socie

Suicide Hotlines

Schizophrenia

Autism

Post-traumatic Stress


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Current Trends - Multicultural Psy

Multicultural psychologists

Responding to an increasing rise in diversity

seek to understand how culture, race, ethngender affect behavior and thought and

how people of different cultures, races, and

may differ relative to one another psycholo


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Current Trends - The Growing InfluencInsurance Coverage.

Today the dominant form of coverage is the ma

care program

( Domino, 2012; Glasser, 2010).

a program in which the insur

company determines such key issues as

which therapists its clients may choose, the cost of sessions, and

the number of sessions for which a client may b

reimbursed


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What do Clinical

Researchers Do?




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3 Methods of Clinical Investigat

What Do Clinical Researchers

Correlational study researchers determine the degree in which two variab

one another.

Case Study researchers compile a detailed account of a persons l

psychological problems.

Experimental Study researchers manipulate suspected causes to see

whether expected effects will result.


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The Case Study:


Collects a persons ... history,

present circumstances, and

possible symptoms

Helps in determining ... how and why specific

problems have developed

possible treatments for

diagnosis

How are they helpful to

Develop newideas, the

discoveries in behavior,

Offer support for ... a current existing t

a new therapeutic

Challenge existing theor

Offer insight into unusua

are difficult to observe.


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The Case Study:


Limitations

Observer Bias Personal opinions of the therapist affecting proper dia

treatment

Subjective Evidence Are problems caused by what the patient or therapist

Little basis for generalization Circumstances in one case may NOT be useful in und

another (perhaps similar) case.


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The Correlational Study:


Positive Correlation variables change in the same directions.

Ex.As temperatures increase, the sales

of ice cream also increases.

Negative Correlation one variable increases; another variable

decreases.

Ex. The greaterthe depression, the

lowerthe number of activities a person

engages in.


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Magnitude (Strength) how closely do the two variables relate or

correspond to another.

Strong / High = variables relate to one

another very closely

Correlation Co-efficient- number term used

to express strength and direction.

+ 1.00 = perfect positive correlation

- 1.00 = perfect negative correlation

+/- = direction

number = magnitude/strength


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http://youtube.com/v/RZYmrSLWLBs


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The Experimental Study:


Independent Variable

Manipulated to determine whether it

has an effect on another variable.

Dependent variable

The variable in an experiment that is

expected to change as the

independent variable is manipulated.

Control Group

Participants who are

the independent var

Experimental Group

Participants who are

independent variable

investigation.


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The Experimental Study:


Researcher must guard against . . .

confounds a variable other than the independent variable that is also acting on

variable.

. . . by including 3 key features: control group

random assignment

participants are randomly placed in the control group OR the e

group.

blind (double-blind) design

participants do not know whether they are in the experimental =


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What are Todays Leadin

Theories and Professions




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Perspectives

What Are Todays Leading Theories and Pro


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Perspectives

Biological - Psychotropic drugs

Behavioral

Psychodynamic - Before 1950s

Cognitive

Humanistic-Existential

Sociocultural

Wh A T d L di Th i d P


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VIDEO: Evolution of Mental Health Professions: Counseling, Therapy


Wh t A T d L di Th i d P
http://youtube.com/v/Y3uirUUjqeM


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Psychiatrist (M.D.)

Clinical Social Workers (M.S.W./D.S.W)

Psychologists (Ph.D/Psy.D)

Professions

Counselors and therapists (M.A./M.S.)

Psychiatric nurses (RN)

- Mental health medical doctor; counsels

can prescribe medication.

- Practice in both cou

social work

- Engage in academic, research an

counsels patients without prescribi

- Specialize in a specific ar

- Extensive practice in treating patients w



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What Are Todays Leading Theories and P


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What Are Todays Leading Theories and P

The End

abnormal psychology - current trends

Documents

mental illness

psychotherapy outpatient

indsevere mental distuhomeless

mental disorders beforedevelop

s health insurance coverage

antipsychotic drugs

private psychotherapy

antidepressant drugs