aboriginal rights: the dispossession of the metis

7/27/2019 Aboriginal Rights: The Dispossession of the Metis

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ho yhur CàbHbeab` eag`bs`% peìs` us`:

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2/27

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W`gtahb 79 ho tc` DibathmiIgt 93;6 prhvan`n ohr i eibn s`tte`d`btsgc`d` ohr tc` m`bòat ho tc` oidaea`s ho tc` D?tas r`san`bts% thwirns tc``xtabkuascd`bt ho tc` Abnaib tate`" ^c`r` ir` bhw bh Dntas r`s`rv`s abDibathmi< s`gtahb 79 wis adpe`d`bt`n ab i wiy wcagc p`rdatt`n tc`quagl nasphss`ssahb ho tc` Dntas ab tc` bab`t``btc g`btury" ^c` wrat`rirku`s tcit tc` dhn` ho adpe`d`btabk s`gtahb 79 wis i mrìgc hoghbstatutahbie hmeakitahb" ]ò`r`bg` as din` th tc` sums`qu`bt casthryho tc` w`st`rb Dntas ibn ghdd`bts ir` hoo`r`n r`kirnabk tc` gurr`btsakbaoagibg` ho tc` Dntas nasphss`ssahb"

^c`r` as i rasabk tan` ho bitahbieasd idhbk tc` Imhrakabie+p`hpe`s ho Gibini" Nurabk tc` 9136s% tc`s` bitahbieastag isparitahbsw`r` `xpr`ss`n ab n`dibns ohr tc` rakct ho sèo$khv`rbd`bt ibn ieibn mis`% mhtc th m` `btr`bgc`n ibn prht`gt`n is imhrakabie ibntrìty rakcts ab tc` GhbstatutahbIgt% 913="= ^c` eibn$mis` assu` as

i Ghpyrakct% 9119% Viue EI"C" Gcirtribn" ^cas irtage` as i r`vas`n v`rsahb ho i pip`rhrakabieey pr`s`bt`n is tc` Oaotc Ibbuie Kamshb$Irdstrhbk E`gtur` ab Eiw ibn Casthry hb=9 Bhv`dm`r 9116 it tc` Hskhhn` Ciee Eiw Wgchhe"N`pirtd`bt ho Bitav` Wtuna`s% Pbav`rsaty ho Dibathmi"^c ` t`rd -Imhrakabie- as i k`b`rag `xpr`ssahb wcagc rò`rs th tc` krhup ho pirtagueir%virahus -p`hpe`s- ab Gibini% ohr `xidpe`% tc` Dagdig% Abuat% Dntas% êabkat% ibn Ciani"Ohrd`rey% tc` k`b`rag `xpr`ssahb ab phpueir usik` wis tc` dasbhd`r -Abnaib"- At as abt`r`stabktcit diby wrat`rs bhw oiae th us` ib upp`r gis` e`tt`r ohr Imhrakabie% ietchukc bh hb` whuenciv` sukk`st`n i ehw`r gis` -a-wis ipprhprait` ohr -Abnaib"- ^c ` ghbv`btahb r`quarabk ibupp`r gis` e`tt`r ohr i whrn wcagc n`bht`s i krhup ho cudibs as m`tt`r hms`rv`n ab tc` gis`ho tc` Iustrieaib Imhrakab`s% tc` `xpr`ssahb us`n ohr tc` virahus p`hpe`s ab tcit ghubtry" Hbprhp`r gipatieazitahb% s`` _" Wcioo`r / C" Wciw% Cibnmhhl ho @bkeasc% =n `n" #B`w Qhrl:DgKriw$Caee% 91?6! g" =9% `sp`gaieey it 90>"

= W`gtahb 70 ho tc` Ghbstatutahb Igt< 913=% màbk Wgc`nue` M ho tc` GibiniIgt 913=#P"L"!% 913=% g" 99% r`ghkbaz`s ibn iooards tc` Imhrakabie ibn trìty rakcts ho tc` Imhrakabie


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HWKHHN@ CIEE EI[ JHP]BIE

ho pirtagueir sakbaoagibg` ohr tc` Dtas p`hpe` ho w`st`rb Gibini"K`b`rieey% bh eibns civ` m``b s`t ipirt ohr D?tas p`hpe`% ubeal` tc`gis` ho tc` -Abnaib r`s`rv`s"-7 Nurabk tc` oiae`n Oarst Dabast`rs+Ghbo`r`bg`s ho tc` 9136s tcit w`r` cèn th nòab` tc` rakcts hoImhrakabie p`hpe`s ab tc` Ghbstatutahb ho Gibini% tc` Vrad`Dabast`r prhdas`n th nasguss watc tc` D?tas tcàr b``n ohr i eibnmis`"> ]òhrdabk tc` Ghbstatutahb th oat tc` gargudstibg`s hoImhrakabie p`hpe`s as staee i ditt`r ho hutstibnabk musab`ss ab tcasghubtry" Ab eakct ho iee tc`s` oigts% at as abt`r`stabk th bht` tcit abs`gtahb 79 ho tc` Dibathmi Igt% 93;6% wcagc wis tc` prhvabgaieghbstatutahb b`khtait`n my tc` D?tas ho Gibini% tc`r` as prhvasahbohr i D?tas eibn s`tte`d`bt sgc`d` 0

p`hpe`s ho Gibini" W`gtahb 7; ho tc` sid` Igt r`quar`n i d``tabk ho Gibini+s OarstDabast`rs th an`btaoy ibn nòab` tc` rakcts ho tchs` p`hpe`s th m` abgeun`n ab tc` Ghbstatutahb"I 9137 id`bnd`bt inn`n twh dhr` d``tabks mut bh ikr``d`bt hb tc` `btr`bgcd`bt ho tc`rakcts prhphs`n my tc` Imhrakabie p`hpe`s r`suet`n orhd tc` prhg`ss% wcagc `bn`n ab 913;"Hb tc` ik`bni at`ds ibn prhg`ss k`b`rieey% s`` M" Wgcwirtz% OarstVrabgape`sW`ghbn ^chukcts:ImhrakabieV`hpe`s%Ghbstatutahbie]òhrd ibn GibinaibWtit`griot #Dhbtrìe: ^c` Abstatut` ohr]`sìrgc hb Vumeag Vheagy% 913?! ibn iesh tc` s`ra`s ho pumeagitahbs my tc` Abstatut` hoAbt`rkhv`rbd`btie ]èitahbs it Yu``b+s Pbav`rsaty ab Labksthb% Hbtirah"7 Ohr ib `xidabitahb ho chw tc` Grhwb purphrt`n th `xtabkuasc tc` Abnaib tate` ho tc`Dntas ab tc` [`st ibn ho tc` D?tas s`tte`d`bts `stimeasc`n my Iem`rti is i wèoir` sgc`dàb tc` 9176s% s`` J" iwgcul `t iE% D`tas Eibn ]akcts ab Iem`rti: I Vheatagie Casthty#@ndhbthb: D?tas Isshgaitahb ho Iem`rti% 9139!" -Abnaib- as us`n c`r` th rò`r th tc` OarstBitahbs wch ir` bht D?tas hr Abuat% ibn wch ir` nòab`n is -Abnaibs- my tc` o`n`rie Abnaib

Igt% ]"W"G" 9130% g" A$0"> ^c` Vrad` Dabast`r+s prhdas` ippìrs hb pik`s =?>$?3 ho tc` v`rmitad tribsgrapt hotc` d``tabk ho = Iprae 9130" Gibinaib Abt`rkhv`rbd`btie Ghbo`r`bg` W`gr`tirait% O`n`rie"VrhvabgaieGhbo`r`bg`ho OarstDabast`rshb ImhrakabieGhbstatutahbieDitt`rs% Nhgud`bt Bh " 366$=6(66> #Httiwi% =$7 Iprae 9130!"

^c` DibathmiIg 93;6% W"G" 93;6% g" 7% s" 79% r`prabt`n ab ]"W"G" 9130% Ipp" AA% bh "3" ^c` wrat`r ibieyz`s tc` dìbabk ho s`gtahb 79 ab V"EI"C" Gcirtribn% Dibathmi+sDntasW`tte`d`bt Wgc`d` ho 93;6 #Wislithhb: Pbav`rsaty ho Wislitgc`wib Bitav` Eiw G`btr`% 9119!"W`gtahb 79 rìns is oheehws:Ib n wc`rìs% at as `xp`na`bt% thwirns tc` `xtabkuascd`bt ho tc` Abnaib tate` th tcèibns ab tc` Vrhvabg`% th ipprhprait` i phrtahb ho sugc ubkribt`n eibns% th tc`

`xt`bt ho hb` daeeahb ohur cubnr`n tchusibn igr`s tc`r`ho% ohr tc` m`bòat ho tcòidaea`s ho tc` cieo$mr``n r`san`bts% at as c`r`my `bigt`n% tcit% ubn`r r`kueitahbs thm` orhd tad` th tad` din` my tc` Khv`rbhr K`b`rie ab Ghubgae% tc` Eaùt`bibt$Khv`rbhr sciee sè`gt sugc ehts hr trigts ab sugc pirts ho tc` Vrhvabg` is c` diyn``d `xp`na`bt% th tc` `xt`bt iohr`sian% ibn navan` tc` sid` idhbk tc` gcaenr`bho tc` cieo$mr``n cìns ho oidaea`s r`sanabk ab tc` Vrhvabg` it tc` tad` ho tc` siantribso`r th Gibini% ibn tc` sid` sciee m` kribt`n th tc` sian gcaenr`b r`sp`gtavèy

_HE" 1 Bh"


4/27

Imhrakabie ]akctsAt as bhthrahus tcit tc`r` ir` bhw bh D?tas eibns abDibathmi" Ao tc`r` ir` th m` ourtc`r `bnìvhurs th `btr`bgc eibnrakcts ab tc` Ghbstatutahb ohr Imhrakabie p`hpe`s% ibn ohr tc` D?tasab pirtagueir% at as sakbaoagibt th ghbsan`r wc`tc`r s`gtahb 79 ho tcÌgt ho 93;6 ghbtiabs hmeakitahbs r`sp`gtabk tc` prhvasahb ho eibns ohr

tc` D?tas% hr wc`tc`r th pr`das` ghbt`dphriry n`dibns ohr i eibnmis` hb ghbsan`ritahbs wcheey `xt`rbie th tc` `xastabk ghbstatutahb"^cas pip`r irku`s tcit s`gtahb 79 adphs`n hmeakitahbs hb tcò`n`rie khv`rbd`bt th s` t isan` 9"> daeeahb igr`s ho pumeag eibns ohrtc` m`bòat ho tc` D?tas oidaea`s% ibn tcit tc` dhn` ho adpe`d`b$titahb% E`" tc` nastramutahb ho abnavanuie% iea`bime` kribts ho eibn thhbey tc` gcaenr`b ho cìns ho oidaea`s ab 93;6% wis i mrìgc hoghbstatutahbie hmeakitahb" Civabk din` tc`s` phabts% tc` pip`rrò`r+ th isp`gts ho tc` sums`qu`bt casthry ho tc` w`st`rb D?tasoheehwabk tc` nasphss`ssahb ab Dibathmi% ibn hoo`rs shd` ghdd`btsr`kirnabk tc` sakbaoagibg` ho tc` krìt D?tas nasphss`ssahb ohrgurr`bt n`vèhpd`bts ab Imhrakabie assu`s k`b`rieey% ibn D?tas abpirtagueir"]`n ]av`r W`tte`d`bt wis tc` diab ghddubaty ab wcitm`gid` tc` Vrhvabg` ho Dibathmi ab 93;6" At wis ehgit`n irhubnOhrt Kirry it tc` ghboeu`bg` ho tc` ]`n ibn Issabamhab` ]av`rs hbtc` pr`s`bt sat` ho tc` Gaty ho [abbap`k" Ietchukc ]`n ]av`rW`tte`d`bt cin m``b khv`rb`n my tc` ghdd`rgaie Mratasc dhbhpheast%tc` Cunshb+s Miy Ghdpiby% at wis b`v`rtcè`ss% ab 93;6% v`ry dugci D?tas ghddubaty" D`dm`rs ho tcit p`hpe` ghdpras`n imhut t`btchusibn ho tc` thtie phpueitahb ho imhut twèv` tchusibn"?W`gtahb 79 gib hbey m` ubn`rsthhn is i ubaqu` r`sphbs` thtc` ritc`r ubaqu` gargudstibg`s ho tc` D?tas ho ]`n ]av`r ab 93;6"Pbn`rstibnabk tc` D?tas% ritc`r tcib tryabk th n`sgram` hr nòab`tc`d% as oubnid`btie th ippr`gaitabk tc` irkud`bts hoo`r`n ab tcaspip`r" I mraò `xpeibitahb as hoo`r`n c`r`"

ab sugc dhn` ibn hb sugc ghbnatahbs is th s`tte`d`bt ibn htc`rwas`% is tc`Khv`rbhr K`b`rie ab Ghubgae diy orhd tad` th tad` n`t`rdab`"

? ^c ` phpueitahb stitastags ho 93;6 schw 99%1?6 p`rshbs% abgeunabk 0%;=6 -Or`bgc Cieo$Mr``ns%- ibn >%636 +@bkeasc Cieo$Mr``ns- ab Gibini% C"G"% W`ssahbie Vip`rs #93;9!#Bh" =6%naspitgc bh" ?7!" Ohr i casthry ho tc` ]` n ]av`r W`tte`d`bt% s`` K"O"K" Wtibe`y% ^c` Martcho [`st`rb Gibini #^hrhbth: Pbav`rsaty ho ^hrhbth Vr`ss% 91?6!" I r`g`bt whrl tcitghdd`bts hb tc` pist ibn tc` outur` as N" Vuragc% ^c` D`tas #^hrhbth: Ehrad`r% 9133!"

9119T


5/27

>?6 HWKHHN@ CIEE EI [ JHP]BIE _HE" =1 BH" 7D?tas as ib hen Or`bgc whrn wcagc dìbs -dax`n- ibn cisehbk m``b us`n ab rò`r`bg` th p`hpe` ho dax`n Imhrakabie ibn@urhpìb pir`btik`" At cis m``b us`n casthragieey ab Gibini abrò`r`bg` th tc` phpueitahb n`sg`bn`n orhd Oribghpchb`s ibnImhrakabie whd`b" ^c` trinatahbie prhbubgaitahb ho tc` whrn my

D?tas spìl`rs as Dagcas hr Dagcao% ab ghbtrist watc tc` ibkeagaz`nDiyt`` wcagc as bhw ab gurr`bt usik` th n`bht` hb` ho tcÌmhrakabie p`hpe`s r`ghkbaz`n ab tc` Ghbstatutahb"3 Wadaeirey% tc`@bkeasc bab`t``btc g`btury rigaie t`rd -Cieo$Mr``n- n`bht`n tc`hoosprabk ho Ibkehpchb` ibn Imhrakabie pir`btik`" At as r`ghkbaz`n%chw`v`r% tcit k`b`tag daxabk as -bht atsèo suooaga`bt th kav` ras` th+`tcbhk`b`sas+ $ tc` ras` th r`ghkbatahb ibn sèo$ghbsgahusb`ss ho ib`w rigaie$pheatagie$gueturie krhup"-1 ^c` phabt as tcit my 93;6 tc`D~tas ho tc` ]`n ]av`r r`kahb cin igquar`n i nastabgt bitahbiean`btaty is i b`w -p`hpe`%- nastabgt orhd mhtc tcàr @urhpìb ibn-Abnaib- ohr`mìrs" ^cit nastabgt an`btaty cin m``b ohrk`n% at as sianmy casthraibs% orhd ghddhb `xp`ra`bg`s tcit `dpcisaz`n tc`bitahbie ghbsgahusb`ss ho tc` -b`w bitahb"- ^chs` ghddhb`xp`ra`bg`s abgeun`n mitte`s ikiabst tc` ìrey @urhpìb ghehbasts ibnImhrakabie p`hpe`s watc wchd tc` D?tas scir`n tc` biturier`shurg`s ho tc` hp`b spig`s ab tc` w`st`rb peiabs" 96 V`rcips dhst;Ohr tc` hrakabs ibn dìbabks ho tc` -Dtas%- s`` J"W"C" Mrhwb+s `xgèe`bt nasgussahb ab

^c` Gibinaib@bgygehp`nai vhe" = #@ndhbthb: Curtak Vumeasc`rs% 9130! it 99=?"3 ^c` `xpeibitahb ohr tc` Dntas gieeabk tc`dsèv`s ibn tcàr eibkuik` Dagcao as tcit

ohrd`rey tc` Or`bgc t`rd ohr -dax`n$mehhn- wis d?tao #d?tav` ab tc` o`dabab`!" Ab Dagcaosp``gc% iee Or`bgc dan$vhwès #` ibn h! ir` -rias`n- th a ibn u #ealèy i Gr`` aboeu`bg`! ibnt% n% m`ghd` gc #is ab gcap! hr j #is ab jid! mòhr` orhbt vhwès #a% u $ is ab Or`bgc nur!"^c`s` twh rue`s k`b`rit` tc` ohrd dagcao" ^cas `xpeibitahb as ghbtiab`n ab i e`tt`r orhdVrho`sshr ]"I" Vip`b th tc` wrat`r #=7 Bhv`dm`r 9133! N`pirtd`bt ho Eabkuastags% Pbav`rsatnnu Yunm`g IDhbtrnie" W``% iesh% ]"I" Vip`b% -Yuèqu`s r`dirqu`s sur ub pire`r oribkias`d?ghbbu n` e+hu`st Gibina`b: E` Dntas- #913>! 9> ]`vu` Yunmnghas` n` eabkuastaqu`% Bh "9 it 997$71"

1 Mrhwb% supri% bht` ;"96 W``% k`b`rieey% I"W" Dhrthb% I Casthry ho tc` Gibinaib [`st th 93;6$;9% =n `n" my

E"C"^chdis #^hrhbth: Pbav`rsaty ho ^hrhbth Vr`ss% 91;7! ibn ["E" Dhrthb% -+^c` Mitteìt tc` Kribn Ghtìu%- ab I"W" Eussa`r / N"M" Wìe`y% `ns% ^c` Htc`rBitav`s: ^c` Dntas% vhe"9 #[abbap`k: Dibathmi D`tas O`n`ritahb Vr`ss% 91;3! it >;< 9"Wpry% -^c` ^rik`ny ho tcÈhss ho tc` Ghddhbs ab [`st`rb Gibini- ab I$E K`tty /I"W" Eussa`r% `ns% Is Ehbk is tc`Wub Wcab`s ibn [it`rOehws: I ]ìn`r ab GibinaibBitav` Wtuna`s #_ibghuv`r" Pbav`rsatyho Mratasc Gheudmai Vr`ss% 9137! it =67< D" Kariun% ^c` Dans ab tc` Gibinaib [`st% vhe" 9


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Imhrakabie]akctsadphrtibt% tc` s`bs` ho i ghddubaty ipirt wis diabtiab`n my tc`krìt ibbuie muooieh cubts ho tc` D?tas"a Hb` ho tc` ghbg`rbs hocasthraibs cis m``b th `xidab` tc` n`kr`` ho sheaniraty tcit `xast`nm`tw``b tc` D?tao ibn tc` -Cieo$Mr``n- p`hpe` a = At s``dsubn`baime`% tcit p`hpe` ohrd ieeaibg`s% mhtc p`rshbie ibn ghee`gtav`%ab r`sphbs` th tcàr pirtagueir% t`dphrie b``ns" At schuen gius` bhsurpras` th oabn striabs ibn str`ss`s idhbk tc` ohr`mìrs ho thniy+sDtas% wcagc ghdpras` n`sg`bnibts ho mhtc krhups%9 7 hr it eìst bhdhr` surpras` tcib as hggisahb`n my tc` ghbt`dphriry striabs ibnstr`ss`s ab Gibinaib shga`ty"

Nurabk tc` `v`bts eìnabk th tc` ohrditahb ho tc` prhvasahbiekhv`rbd`bt ab ]`n ]av`r ibn tc` b`khtaitahbs watc Gibinir`kirnabk ubahb watc tc` b`w Nhdabahb% Ehuas ]aè% tc` D?taseìn`r% `xpr`ss`n cadsèo ab i dibb`r wcagc aeeustrit`s tc` e`ss tcibp`ro`gt igghrn m`tw``b tc` Ibkehpchb`% Vrht`stibt -Cieo$Mr``n-p`hpe`% ibn tc` oribghpchb` D?tao" Innr`ssabk cadsèo th tc`@bkeasc san`% c` sphl` cìt`ney%

Kh hb% r`turb pìgìmey th yhur oirds" Wtiy ab tc` irds ho yhur whd`b" Kav` tcas`xidpe` th yhur gcaenr`b" Mut witgc us igt" [` waee whrl ibn hmtiab hur rakctsibn yhurs" Qhu waee ghd` ab tc` `bn th scir` tc`d" >

Wugc `van`bg` ho nasubaty as bht% ho ghurs`% th m` `dpcisaz`n thniyab tc` D?tas surk` thwirns bitahbieasd m`gius` bitahbie dhv`d`bts$ tc` ras` ho p`hpe`s $ ir` bht pr`nagit`n uphb i sga`btaoag

/ =% tribs" K" [hhnghgl #@ndhbthb: Pbav`rsaty ho Iem`rti Vr`ss% 913?!< ibn K"I" Ora`s`b%^c` GibinaibVriara`s: I Casthry #^hrhbth: Pbav`rsaty ho ^hrhbth Vr`ss% 913>!"99 W`` ["E Dhrthb+s -Abtrhnugtahb- ab ["E" Dhrthb% `n"% Ie`xibn`r M`kk+s ]` n ]av`r

Jhurbie #^hrhbth: ^c` Gcidpeiab Whga`ty% 910?! it 90$9?"9= W`` ]" Wwib% @tcbagaty ibn tc` Gibinaibazitahb ho ]` n ]av`r Vheatags #N`pirtd`bt

ho Casthry% Pbav`rsaty ho Dibathmi% 9133! \ubpumeasc`nT ibn Wtibe`y% supri% bht` ?% `sp`gaieeyg" >"

97 ^c` nòabatèy p`jhritav` t`rd -Cieo$Mr``n- as bhw rirèy us`n ab tc` Gibinaibeat`ritur` ietchukc tc` usik` ho tc` t`rd p`rsasts% `v`b idhbk d`dm`rs ho tc` n`sakbit`nkrhup" Ohr i nasgussahb ho tc` us` ho zhhehkagie t`rds th n`sgram` ghehbaz`n p`hpe`s s`` O"Oibhb% ^c` [r`tgc`n ho tc` @irtc% tribs" G" Oirrabkthb #B`w Qhrl" Krhv` Vr`ss% 91?7! it>9oo"

9> ]iydhbn Cuè% `n"% ^c` Ghee`gt`n [ratabkshoEhuas]aè% vhe" 9 #@ndhbthb: Pbav`rsatyho Iem`rti Vr`ss% 9130! it 79" [rat`r+s tribseitahb orhd tc` hrakabie Or`bgc t`xt"

9119T


7/27


`xidabitahb ho casthragie dabutai`% mut uphb tc` kehraoagitahb ho ibanìeaz`n ibtaquaty"+ s^c` t`rd -Cieo$Mr``n- wis us`n ab tc` t`xt ho s`gtahb 79 thn`bht` tc` m`bòagaira`s ho tc` eibn s`tte`d`bt sgc`d` at `bigt`n"9?^c` t`rd dust m` rìn is i k`b`rag eimè abt`bn`n th abgeun` mhtctc` D?tao ibn tc` -Cieo$Mr``n- phpueitahbs" ^cas ghbstrugtahbigghrns watc tc` bab`t``btc g`btury rigaie ghbbhtitahb ho tc` t`rd"9;At iesh igghrns watc i purphsav` abt`rpr`titahb% wcagc tc` ghurtsciv` `stimeasc`n as r`quar`n ab ghbstruabk ghbstatutahbie prhvasahbs"+ 3^c` iee abgeusav` -rigaie- git`khry as ghbsast`bt watc tc` purphs`s hos`gtahb 79 is i stituthry d`gcibasd ohr r`dhvabk nhumt wcagc dakct`xast imhut tc` survavie ho Abnaib hr Imhrakabie tate` ab abnavanuies hrkrhups wch w`r` bht nìet watc ab tc` trìta`s sakb`n watc tc`-Abnaib- ghddubata`s"9 1 Ab tcas wiy% s`gtahb 79 hp`rit`n is i shrtho quat$geiad prhvasahb ibn prhdht`n tc` purphs`s ho tc` Nhdabahbab geìrabk tc` grhwb tate` th tc` pumeag eibns th adpe`d`bt tc`w`st`rb ikragueturie s`tte`d`bt pheagy"=6My 93;6 tc` ibga`b r`kad` ab ]`n ]av`r wis grudmeabk ibnat wis tc` D?tao wch w`r` dhst vueb`rime` th gcibk` is tc`r`trìtabk mashb c`rns w`r` th kav` wiy th tc` krìt `bgehsur`dhv`d`bt tcit wis th sw``p tc` [`st" At wis dhstey tc` D~tao%`dpcisaz`n ["E" Dhrthb% wch pirtagapit`n ab tc` krìt muooiehcubts wcagc% twag` i yìr% eòt ]`n ]av`r ohr tc` w`st`rb peiabs"^c` Wght$Irginaib -Cieo$Mr``ns- w`r` dhstey ikragueturieasts" @igc

90 ]`sp`gtabk tc` rakcts ho tc` Dntas is i p`hpe`% s`` -[` Ir` D`tas%- E` D`ns%#[abbap`k: Dibathmi Dntas O`n`ritahb% 9133! it >% 0"

9 ? Wupri% bht` 0"9; ^c ` ghbstatutahbie dìbabk as th m` n`rav`n orhd ats usik` it tc` tad` ho `bigtd`bt:

]` @sladhs% \9171T W"G"]" 96>" @xidpe`s ho tcit usik` ippìr ab @"C" Heav`r% `n"% ^c`Gibinaib Bhrtc$[`st" Ats @irey N`vèhpd`bt ibn E`kaseitav` ]`ghrns% vhe" = #Httiwi% 330% 1=9% ibn 1=;" W``% iesh% tc` khv`rbd`btg`bsus r`phrt ab tc` W`ssahbie Vip`rs% supri% bht` ?"

93 Ohr `xidpe`% s`` Cubt`r v" Whutcid% \913>T = W"G"]" 9>0 ibn ]ò`r`bg`]` Eibkuik`]akcts Pbn`r tc`DibathmiIgt 93;6% abori% bht` 3?"

91 W`` supri% bht` 7"=6 ^cas stituthry d`gcibasd whuen civ` m``b òo`gtav` th ivhan pht`btaie eatakitahb

gciee`bkabk tc` Grhwb+s tate` th tc` eibns" Ohr ib ibieysas ho tc` o`n`rie `xpibsahb pheagy s``G" Dirtab% NhdabahbEibnsVheagy #^hrhbth: DgGeèeibn / Wt`wirt% 91;7!"

>?= _HE" =1 BH" 7


8/27

Imhrakabie]akctswabt`r% diby ho tc` Dtas oiae`n th r`turb th ]`n ]av`r% prò`rrabkth wabt`r hut hb tc` priara`% ibn tcàr ims`bg`s str`tgc`n shd`tad`sohr yìrs"=9 Ab cas stuny ho tc` ]`n ]av`r `ghbhdy% Dhrthbsuddiraz`n tc` us` ho tc` eibn tcit wis din` my tc` s`v`rie krhupsab tc` ehgie phpueitahb" ^c` -Abnaib- p`hpe` ho tc` irì Dhrthbn`sgram`n is -s`tte`rs hr ghehbasts wch cin r`bhubg`n i bhdinag ohri s`n`btiry `xast`bg`" == ^c`s` w`r` tc` p`hpe` watc wchd tc`Gibinaib khv`rbd`bt `bt`r`n abth ^rìty Bh" Hb` ab 93;9"V

-Is c` Abnaibs `r`gt`n tcàr wabt`r wakwids ab whhn`nrivab`s%- `xpeiab`n Dhrthb%tc` bans muaet tcàr gimabs ab tc` whhn`n orabk` ho tc` rav`r orhbt ohr tc` sil` hoscèt`r ibn ouè" Orhd tc` rav`r atsèo tc`y nr`w wit`r ibn oasc" Hb tc` saet`n rav`rmibls ibn -nry phabts- ibn ab hp`babks ab tc` whhns% tc`y shw`n tcàr pitgc`s hophtith`s ibn mire`y" Hb tc` peiab m`cabn tc` whd`b ibn hen d`b gut tc` riblpriara` ciy """al` tcàr Abnaib ibg`sthrs% wcit tc`y n`sar`n wis ib `xt`bsav` ibnsìshbie us` ho tc` eibn% i us` bht ghboab`n th ikraguetur`% ibn watc at tc` rakct thdhv` or`èy wc`r` tc`y whuen" ^c` rav`r$orhbt s`tte`d`bts ho tc` dbtas% tc`b% dugceal` tchs` ho tc` Wghts ibn tc` cieo$mr``ns% w`r` ib hrkibag pirt ho i ghdpe`x wiyho eao` wcagc vira`n watc tc` sìshbs ibn r`st`n it hbg` hb tc` ikraguetur` ho tc`rav`rsan` ibn tc` us` ho tc` peiabs ohr ciyabk% krizabk ibn cubtab=>At as ghbgeun`n tcit s`gtahb 79 wis abt`bn`n th prhvan` ip`rdib`bt eibn mis` ohr `ghbhdag injustd`bt ibn th igghddhnit`tc` b`w ikragueturie `ghbhdy tcit wis th oheehw tc` w`stwirn`xpibsahb ho Gibinaib pheagy" Mut% mòhr` dhvabk hb th tc` pheagyabt`bts ho s`gtahb 79% i prèadabiry qu`stahb dust m` innr`ss`n"^cas prèadabiry qu`stahb ghbg`rbs tc` rìshbs ohr tc` p`rgàv`nb``n ohr `btr`bgcabk i ehgie eibn s`tte`d`bt sgc`d` ab i bitahbieghbstatutahbie pigt" ^c` ibsw`r dust ea` ab wcit dust m` hb` ho tc`tc`d`s ho Gibinaib ghbo`n`ritahb% tcit as% tc` b``n th r`ghbgaeèhgie abt`r`sts watc tc` bitahbie abt`r`st prhdht`n my tc` o`n`riekhv`rbd`bt ibn tc` ghbs`qu`bt n`sarimaeaty ho kuiribt`àbk shdòhrd ho prht`gtahb ohr tc` ehgie abt`r`sts ikiabst tc` phw`r ho`bgrhigcd`bt my o`n`rie e`kaseitahb ibn indabastritahb" At as wèe

=9 Dhrthb% supri% bht` 99 it xvaa ibn Wpry% supri% bht` 96"== Dhrthb% supri% bht` 99 it xav"=7 W`` I" Dhrras% ^c` ^rìta`s ho Gibiniwatc tc` Abnaibs hoDibathmi ibn tc` Bhrtc$

[`st ^`bathra`s #^hrhbth: Mèohrns% Geirl / Gh"% 9336! r`prabt`n #^hrhbth: Ghe`s% 91;9!"=> Dhrthb% supri% bht` 99 it xxv"

9119T


9/27

HWKHHN@ CIEE EI [ JHP]BIElbhwb tcit% mut ohr tc` abt`rv`btahb ho ]aè ibn tc` D?tas ab 93?1$;6% tc` irì tcit m`gid` tc` Vrhvabg` ho Dibathmi whuen civ` m``bkhv`rb`n `ss`btaieey orhd Httiwi% my dìbs ho i o`n`rieey ipphabt`nkhv`rbhr ibn ghubgae"=0 ^cas ohrd ho r`dht` khv`rbibg` wisprhvan`n ohr ab tc` o`n`rie e`kaseitahb ho 93?1 wcagc cin m``bpiss`n th pr`pir` tc` wiy ohr tc` Gibinaib til`hv`r ho tc` w`storhd tc` Cunshb+s Miy Ghdpiby"=? ^c` ehbk tate` ho tc` DibathmiIg> 93;6% tc` b`khtait`n prhvabgaie ghbstatutahb% abnagit`n tc`Vireaid`btiry abt`btahb th id`bn tchs` ìrea`r n`sakbs% my r`gatabkats `bigtd`bt -th Id`bn ibn Ghbtabu` tc` Igt 7= ibn 77 _agthrai%Gcipt`r 7< ibn th @stimeasc ibn Vrhvan` ohr tc` Khv`rbd`bt ho tc`Vrhvabg` ho Dibathmi"-=; W`gtahb 79 wis hb` ho i piglik` hokuiribt``s ohr ehgie abt`r`sts tcit w`r` abgeun`n ab tc` Igt ho 93;6"^chs` kuiribt``s abgeun`n prhvasahbs r`sp`gtabk tc` us` ho @bkeascibn Or`bgc ab tc` E`kaseitur` =3 ibn n`bhdabitahbie sgchhes ab tc`prhvabg`"=1

=0 ^c ` rè`vibt e`kaseitahb as tc` ^`dphriry Khv`rbd`btho]up`rt+s EibnIgt% W"G" 93?1%g" 7% ss 7 ibn > #7= / 77 _agthrai!" Ohr tc` casthragie miglkrhubn% s`` Wtibe`y% supri% bht`?"

=? Jman=; ^c` DibathmiIgt 93;6% supri bht` 0" ^c` id`bn`n igt rò`rr`n th as tc` 93?1

stitut` gat`n ab supri% bht` =0"=3 W`gtahb =7% aman"% prhvan`s:@atc`r tc` @bkeasc hr tc` Or`bgc eibkuik` diy m` us`n my iby p`rshb ab tc`n`mit`s ho tc` Chus` ho tc` E`kaseitur`% ibn mhtc tchs` eibkuik`s sciee m` us`n abtc` r`sp`gtav` ]`ghrns ibn Jhurbies ho tchs` Chus`s< ibn àtc`r ho tchs` eibkuik`sdiy m` us`n my iby p`rshb% hr ab iby Veìnabk hr Vrhg`ss% ab hr assuabk orhd ibyGhurt ho Gibini `stimeasc`n ubn`r tc` GhbstatutahbIgt 93?;% \abori bht` 76T hr ab

hr orhd iee hr iby ho tc` Ghurts ho tc` Vrhvabg`" ^c` Igts ho tc` E`kaseitur` scieem` prabt`n ibn pumeasc`n ab mhtc tchs` eibkuik`s"=1 W`gtahb ==% amn"% prhvan`s:

Ab ibn ohr tc` Vrhvabg`% tc` sian E`kaseitur` diy `xgeusavèy dil` Eiws ab rèitahbth @nugitahb% sumj`gt ibn igghrnabk th tc` oheehwabk prhvasahbs:$#9"! Bhtcabk ab iby sugc Eiw sciee pr`junagaieey ioo`gt iby rakct hr pravae`k`watc r`sp`gt th N`bhdabitahbie Wgchhes wcagc iby geiss ho p`rshbs civ` my Eiw hrprigtag` ab tc` Vrhvabg` it tc` Pbahb:$#="! Ib ippìe sciee ea` th tc` Khv`rbhr K`b`rie ab Ghubgae orhd iby Igt hrn`gasahb ho tc` E`kaseitur` ho tc` Vrhvabg`% hr ho iby Vrhvabgaie Iutchraty% ioo`gtabkiby rakct hr pravae`k` ho tc` Vrht`stibt hr ]hdib Gitcheag dabhraty ho tc` Yu``b+ssumj`gts ab rèitahb th @nugitahb:

_HE" =1 BH% 7


10/27

Imhrakabie ]akcts[c`b tc` Gibinaib r`pr`s`btitav`s `v`btuieey si t nhwb watc

tc` ]`n ]av`r nè`kit`s th b`khtait` tc` t`rds ho Dibathmi+s `btryabth tc` b`w Nhdabahb% prhvasahb wis din` ohr tc` virahus ehgieabt`r`sts ab eibn wcagc `xast`n ab 93;6" At wis adphrtibt th prhvan`sp`gaie prht`gtahb ohr tc`s` ehgie abt`r`sts ab eibn m`gius`% my tc`t`rds ho s`gtahb 76% tc` pumeag eibns ho tc` b`w prhvabg` w`r` thmèhbk th Gibini% i n`vaitahb orhd tc` pitt`rb s`t ohr tc` hrakabieohur prhvabg`s my s`gtahb 961 ho tc` GhbstatutahbIgt% 93?;"76^c` Gibinaib dabast`rs rìnaey ikr``n% ab t`rds tcit m`gid`s`gtahb 7= ho tc` Igt ho 93;6% th prht`gt tc` ehgie s`tte`rs+ abt`r`sts%ibn iee tate`s th eibns n`rav`n orhd tc` chenabks ho tc` Cunshb+s MiyGhdpiby w`r` th m` ghboard`n" At waee m` r`giee`n my stun`bts hocasthry tcit Wèlarl cin purphrt`ney `xtabkuasc`n tc` Abnaib tate` thtc` eibns ghdprasabk i twh$dae` strap hb ìgc san` ho tc` twh rav`rsirhubn tc` s`tte`d`bt ab i trìty ho 939;"79^c` Cunshb+s Miy Ghdpiby cin igquar`n tc` Wèlarl eibns%ibn tc` abnavanuie rav`r ehts rubbabk shutc hb tc` ]`n ibn w`st hbtc` Issabamhab` w`r` tc` sumj`gt ho tc` prht`gtahb ioohrn`n mys`gtahb 7=" At nan bht ditt`r tcit dhst ho tc` rav`r eht s`tte`rs w`r`D?tas hr -Cieo$Mr``ns-< s`gtahb 7= ghboard`n tc` abt`r`sts ab eibncèn my abnavanuie s`tte`rs% ibn tc`s` abt`r`sts w`r` n`rav`n orhdiea`bitahbs orhd tc` @bkeasc Cunshb+s Miy Ghdpiby"7 =^c` Gibinaib dabast`rs w`r` dhr` rèugtibt th ghbg`n` tc`geiads ho Imm? ]atgcht% tc` sp`gaie b`khtaithr ohr tc` D?tas% th

#7"! Ab gis` iby sugc Vrhvabgaie Eiw% is orhd tad` th tad` s``ds th tc`Khv`rbhr K`b`rie ab Ghubgae r`quasat` ohr tc` nu` `x`gutahb ho tc` prhvasahbs hotcas s`gtahb% as bh t din`% hr ab gis` iby n`gasahb ho tc` Khv`rbhr K`b`rie abGhubgae hb iby ippìe ubn`r tcas s`gtahb as bht nuey `x`gut`n my tc` prhp`rVrhvabgaie Iutchraty ab tcit m`cieo% tc`b% ibn ab `v`ry sugc gis`% ibn is oir hbey istc` gargudstibg`s ho ìgc gis` r`quar`% tc` Vireaid`bt ho Gibini diy dil`r`d`naie Eiws ohr tc` nu` `x`gutahb ho tc` prhvasahbs ho tcas s`gtahb% ibn ho ibyn`gasahb ho tc` Khv`rbhr K`b`rie ab Ghubgae ubn`r tcas s`gtahb"

76 #P"L"!% 76 / 79 _agt"% g" 7" #ohrd`rey Mratasc Bhrtc Id`ragi Ig> 93?;!"79 I" Dirtab% ^c` Cunshb+s Miy Ghdpiby+s Eibn ^`bur`s ibn tc` Hggupitahb ho

Issabamhai my Ehrn Wèlarl+s W`tte`rs #Ehbnhb: [aeeaid Gehw`s ibn Whbs% 9313! it 9=$9>"7= ^c` `xg`ptahbs ir` s`gtahbs 7=#>! ibn 7=#0! wcagc kav` i rakct ho pr`$`dptahb mis`n

hb phss`ssahb ho eibns ibn i rakct ho ghdp`bsitahb ohr rakcts ho ghddhb ibn guttabk ciy%r`sp`gtavèy" Imhrakabie tate` as% ab ats bitur`% i phss`sshry abt`r`st: Gien`r v" I"K" MratascGheudmai% \91;7T W"G"]" 797< Ku`rab v" ]% \913>T = W"G"]" 770 it 7;?$;;"

9119T


11/27


eibns th m` kav`b ab ghdp`bsitahb ohr tc` ghddubie abt`r`sts ho tc`D?tas wcagc tc`y cèn my vartu` ho tcàr scirabk tc` phss`ssahb hotc` hp`b spig`s watc htc`r Imhrakabie p`hpe`" Ab tad`% chw`v`r% imirkiab wis strugl ohr i kribt ho 9"> daeeahb igr`s wcagc wis`xpr`ss`n ab s`gtahb 79 th m` -thwirns tc` `xtabkuascd`bt ho tcÀbnaib tate` th tc` eibns ab tc` prhvabg`"-77 Ird`n watc tc`s`kuiribt``s ikiabst tc` Nhdabahb phw`r th iss`rt ats pheagy hv`r tc`pumeag eibns% ibn ird`n iesh watc i prhdas` ho ib idb`sty ohr ieewch r`sast`n tc` abataie 93?1 itt`dpt my Gibini th iss`rt atsjurasnagtahb% ]atgcht wis ime` th r`turb th ]`n ]av`r ab Jub` ho93;6 ibn th s`gur` tc` ikr``d`bt ho tc` prhvasahbie khv`rbd`bt thtc` t`rds ho tc` DibathmiIgt% 93;6"7>^c` t`dphriry daeatiry iutchraty ho tc` D?tas wcagc cinohrg`n tc` t`rds ho ikr``d`bt w`r` bhw `xgcibk`n ohr tc`ghbstatutahbie sio`kuirns tcit w`r` th ghbstriab tc` outur` `x`rgas`ho o`n`rie khv`rbd`btie iutchraty hv`r tc` pumeag eibns ab tc`prhvabg`" ^c` sthry ho chw tc`s` ghbstatutahbie sio`kuirns w`r`nìet watc my sums`qu`bt% sugg`ssav` khv`rbd`bts is tc` D?tas ehstiee òo`gtav` pheatagie phw`r ab tc` prhvabg` as i sthry tcit r`vìesdugc imhut tc` vieu` ho ghbstatutahbie iutchraty ab tc` oig` houbwaeeabk ibn ub`v`b pheatagie phw`r"70 At as i sthry tcit r`peagit`stc` k`b`rie sumjukitahb ho tc` Imhrakabie p`hpe`s my eiw ibn pheagytcit hggurr`n `v`rywc`r` ab Gibini"7 ? Winey% at as i sthry tcit cis

77 Wupri% bht` 0" ^c` b`khtaitahbs ir` r`ghrn`n ab ]atgcht+s jhurbie: -E` jhurbie nè+immn BJ" ]atgcht% 93;6- #91?>! 9; ]`vu` n+casthar` n` e+Idraqu` Oribgias`07;" @xtrigtsho tc` jhurbie ippìr ab ["E" Dhrthb% `n"% Dibathmi: ^c` Martc ho i Vrhvabg` #[abbap`k:Dibathmi ]`ghrn Whga`ty% 913>!"7> W``% Gibini% C"G"% -]`phrt ho tc` Wè`gt Ghddatt`` hb tc` Gius`s ho tc` Naooagueta`sab tc` Bhrtc$[`st ^`rrathry ab 93?1$;6- ab Jhurbies #93;>! #it Ipp" ?! \c`ràbiot`r Bhrtc$[`st ^`rrathra`s]`phrtT ibn V" Diaecht% -]atgcht+s ]`sastibg`: Wt" Bhrm`rt ibn tc` Grìtahbibn ^ribsohrditahb hoDibathmi- #Vc"N" ^c`sas% Pbav`rsaty ho Dibathmi% 913?! \ubpumeasc`nT"70 Ohr ib `xidabitahb ho tc` pheatagie gargudstibg`s ho tc` Dntas ehss ho phw`r% s`` K"Ora`s`b% -Chdèibn th Cabt`reibn: Vheatagie ^ribsatahb ab Dibathmi% 93;6 th 93;1- \91;1T

Ca/E Vip`rs77"7? ]`g`bt sgcheirscap as m`kabbabk th ibieyz` tcas sumjukitahb" Ohr `xidpe`% s`` N" Ghe`/ A" Gcialab% Ib Arhb Cibn uphb tc` V`hpe`: ^c` Ei w Ikiabst tc` Vhteigc hb tc` Bhrtcw`stGhist #_ibghuv`r Nhukeis / DgAbtyr`% 9116!< L"I" V`ttapis% W`v`rabk tc` â`s tcit Mabn:^c ` Gibinaib Abnaib Igt ibn tc` ]`pr`ssahb ho Abnak`bhus ]èakahus Wyst`ds ab tc` Vriara`]`kahb% 931?$9109 #Vc"N" ^c`sas% Pbav`rsaty ho Dibathmi% 9133!< J"E ^hmais% -Gibini+sWumjukitahb ho tc` Veiabs Gr``% 93;1$9330- #9137! ?> Gib" Cast" ]`v" 091< ibn ]"C" Mirte`tt%

QHe$ =1 BH" 7


12/27

9119T Imhrakabie]akctsm``b akbhr`n hr hbey abgan`btieey sbagl`r`n it my tcas ghubtry+strinatahbie sthrytèe`rs% tc` casthraibs ho hur ubav`rsata`s"7; At as ieshi sthry tcit bht hbey n`pagts tc` rhe` ho tc` eiw ab tc` nasphss`ssahbho i p`hpe` mut iesh gciee`bk`s at th peiy i rhe` ab rakctabk i krìtcasthragie wrhbk"73

^c` prhvasahbs ho s`gtahb 79 ir` ubtany ibn idmakuhuse`kie`s`" ^c`r` as i prìdme`% stirtabk watc tc` ubabsparabk`xpr`ssahb -Ibn wc`rìs- wcagc n`geir`s tc` abt`btahb thipprhprait` 9"> daeeahb igr`s ho pumeag eibns ohr tc` m`bòat ho tc`r`san`bt -cieo$mr``n- #sag< -Cieo$Mr``n-! oidaea`s" ^c` `bigtabkgeius` tc`b prhvan`s tc` orid`whrl ho i s`tte`d`bt sgc`d` wcagcippìrs th m` ghdpras`n ho twh pcis`s"7 1

Ab tc` oarst pcis`% tc` Eaùt`bibt$Khv`rbhr ho tc` prhvabgàs gcirk`n watc tc` nuty ho sè`gtabk tc` eibns% ab ehgitahbs igghrnabkth cas nasgr`tahb% ibn ho navanabk tc` eibns idhbk tc` gcaenr`b ho tc`cìns ho oidaea`s" Ab tc` s`ghbn pcis` tc` eibns ir` th m` kribt`nth tc` gcaenr`b% mut igghrnabk th s`tte`d`bt ibn htc`r ghbnatahbs is

Wumjukitahb% Wèo$Dibik`d`bt Ibn Wèo$Khv`rbd`bt ho Imhrakabie Eibns ibn ]`shurg`s#Labksthb: Yu``b+s Pbav`rsaty% 913?!"7; ["E Dhrthb abnagit`s tcit c` nasg`rbs tc` huteab` ho i ghddubie% abiea`bime`

s`tte`d`bt sgc`d` ab ghdd`bts tcit c` dil`s ab ohhtbht` rò`r`bg`s th virahus nhgud`btsisshgait`n watc tc` pissik` ho tc` DibathmiIgt maee ab 93;6% ab Dibathmi: ^c` Martc ho iVrhvabg`% supri% bht` 77" Ohr `xidpe`% ab r`sphbs` th ]atgcht+s n`sgraptahb ho ieehtd`bts homehgls ho eibn th m` cèn ab ghddhb% Dhrthb ghdd`bts: -]atgcht as itt`dptabk th n`vas` ieibn syst`d suat`n th tc` ghdmab`n abt`bs` us` ho eibns ab tc` chd`stìns ibn tc` `xt`bsavùs` ho tc` peiabs wcagc cin m``b whrl`n hut ab tc` oaoty yìrs ho tc` ]`n ]av`r W`tte`d`bt"Hbey tc` n`vèhpd`bt ho schrt sìshb% nrhukct r`sastibt wcìt% ibn shae prigtag`s l`pt cadorhd màbk `btarèy rakct- it 901% b" 36" Wabg` tc` abt`btahb ho tc` stitut` as th m` nasg`rb`nab 93;6 ibn bht eit`r wc`b tchs` prigtag`s n`vèhp`n% tc` ]atgcht sgc`d` as ib ipprhpraitàbnagithr ho tc` hmj`gts ho s`gtahb 79" ]atgcht iesh n`sgram`n tc` ]` n ]av`r nè`kit`s+n`dibns ohr stituthry r`stragtahbs hb iea`bitahb -th `bsur` tc` ghbtabuibg` ho tc`s` eibns abtc` bstas oidaea`s- it 9>7" ^h tcas Dhrthb kav`s tc` ghbn`sg`bnabk r`dirl" +^cas ho ghurs`wis b`v`r nhb` ibn tc` khhn pra`st+s chp` ho ibgchrabk tc` bttas hb eibn p`rp`tuieey tcàrswis bh t rìeaz`n- it 9>7% b" 7?" ^cit as imhut tc` thtie ho trinatahbie casthraibs+iglbhwe`nk`d`bt ho tc` tru` abt`btahb m`cabn s`gtahb 79"

I budm`r ho r`g`bt casthragie whrls civ` `xidab`n tc` Dntas nasphss`ssahb" ^c `diab whrl as N"B" Wpriku`% Gibini ibn tc` D?t>% 93?1$9330 #[it`rehh: [aeor`n Eiura`rPbav`rsaty Vr`ss% 9133!" W`` iesh tc` irtage`s gat`n ab abori% bht`s 07 ibn 00 ibn Diaecht+stc`sas% supri% bht` 7>"73 W`` abori% bht` 39 ibn igghdpibyabk t`xt"71 Ohr tc` t`xt ho s`gtahb 79 ho ^c` DibathmiIgt 93;6% s`` supri% bht` 0"


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14/27

Imhrakabie]akctstc` misas ho tcàr p`rgàv`n imaeaty th prht`gt tcàr abnavanuie eibnabt`r`st ab tc` pumeag dirl`t" Pbtae tcit tad`% ìgc oidaey r`tiab`nhbey tc` rakct th r`san` uphb% ibn us` tc` ghddubie eibns ho tc`krhup" [c`b tcas pheagy as ippea`n th ghbstru` s`gtahb 79% tc`m`bòat th tc` oidaea`s ghbsasts ho i eag`bg` ho hggupitahb th p`rdatigghddhnitahb th tc` b`w `ghbhdag hrn`r% ibn th s`gur` tc` eibnswatcab tc` oidaea`s" ^c` hmj`gts ho trinatahbie ghehbaie pheagy irìesh ippir`bt ab tc` dibnit` th `stimeasc s`tte`d`bt ghbnatahbs isghbnatahbs pr`g`n`bt th kribts ho `stit`s th tc` gcaenr`b" At wis tc`va`w ho Irgcmaschp îgc? ab tc` 93;6s ibn ho khv`rbd`bt hooagaieseit`r ab tc` [`st tcit eibns ohr D?tas oidaea`s ghuen hbey m` s`gur`nmy ittigcabk r`stragtahbs hb iea`bitahb is ghbnatahbs% ab hrn`r thprht`gt tc`d orhd tc` sp`gueitahb tcit hmtiab`n ab tc` pumeagdirl`t">> Bhw tc` add`nait` dhnè ohr tc` nriukctsdib ho s`gtahb79% tc` pirtagueir Abnaib `boribgcas`d`bt sgc`d` tcit cin m``b`bigt`n my Gibini ab 93?1% wis bht `bigt`n ohr tc` Abnaib bitahbsho tc` [`st% mut ohr% ab tc` whrns ho i ghdd`btithr%

tc` Wax Bitahbs ibn htc`r Abnaib p`hpe` watc ehbk ghbtigt watc @urhpìbs ibn wchw`r` supphs`n th civ` r`gàv`n i runad`btiry triababk ab -gavaeazitahb- ubn`r ìrea`re`kaseitahb ibn dassahbira`s% \ibn wisT abt`bn`n th prhvan` ourtc`r triababk ab @urh$Gibinaib vieu`s"> 0

Ab tcas wiy% s`gtahb 79 wis ubaquèy n`sakb`n th igghddhnit` tc`gargudstibg`s ho tc` D?tas ho ]`n ]av`r" Ab tc` rigaieey ghbsgahustad`s ho tc` niy% pirtaie @urhpìb ibg`stry `quiee`n pirtaie-gavaeazitahb- ibn r`quar`n ib igghddhnitahb naoo`r`bt orhd tc`ghddubie trìty eibns kav`b tc` -Abnaib- bitahbs ho tc` [`st"

>> Ohr `xidpe`% s`` tc` r`ghdd`bnitahbs ab Vumeag Irgcav`s ho Gibini #c`ràbiot`rVIG!% Dignhbien Vip`rs% DK =?I% vhe" 76>% pp" 97313>$3;% -]`dirls hb tc` Ghbnatahb hotc` Cieo$Mr``ns ho tc` Bhrtc$[`st ^`rrathra`s- #Httiwi% =6 N`g`dm`r 93;3!< VIG%Dignhbien Vip`rs% DK =?I% vhe" =61% pp" >=773$>3% -D`dhribnud orhd I"D" Murk`ss thN"E Digpc`rshb #93 Iprae 9330!-< ibn tc` nhgud`bts ibb`x`n th V"G" Bh" 7;=7 #=3N`g`dm`r 9310! ab Gibini% N`pt" ho tc` Abt`rahr% -Hrn`rs ab Ghubgae ]`sp`gtabk Geiads hotc` Cieo$Mr``ns% 93;9$91=0- my B"H" G?tn #91=1! it 99="

>0 J"E" ^hmais% -Vrht`gtahb% Gavaeazitahb% Issadaeitahb: Ib Huteab` Casthry ho Gibini+sAbnaib Vheagy- #91;?! ?:= [" Gib" J" Ibtcrhphehky 97 it 9;"

9119T >?1


15/27

HWKHHN@ CIEE EI [ JHP]BIE_a`w`n ab tcas eakct% s`gtahb 79 wis i -oist$trigl+ v`rsahb ho tcÀbnaib `boribgcas`d`bt e`kaseitahb ippea`n ab ìst`rb Gibini">?^c`r` as idpe` `van`bg` ho `xpr`ssahbs tcit tc` Dtas ho93;6 w`r` ab b``n ho i sp`gaie eibn prht`gtahb r`kad`" Ehuas ]aècadsèo cin sian th tc` ghubgae ho Issabamhai ab 93?1 tcit tc` D?tasb``n`n th prht`gt tc`dsèv`s orhd tc` `xp`gt`n addakritahb orhdtc` @ist"> ;Dibao`stey% ao tc` eibns w`r` kav`b ohr tc` prht`gtahb ho tcèhgie D?tas abt`r`sts% s`gtahb 79 r`quar`n tcit tc` eibns m` l`ptwatcab tc` oidaea`s ohr is ehbk is b``n`n th prhvan` i misas ohr`ghbhdag injustd`bt th tc` b`w ikragueturie `ghbhdy">3 Ab schrt%tc` eibn s`tte`d`bt sgc`d` wis abt`bn`n th `bsur` tc` survavie hotc` D?tas is i p`hpe`" At wis is Nurìet Gh"Gt J" stit`n ab ]" v"Ohr`st ab 91;;:

^c` Or`bgc \spìl`rsT pirtagueirey w`r` ippr`c`bsav` imhut tc` tribso`r ho tcàrchdèibn th Gibini ibn va`w`n tc` prhsp`gts ho addakritahb orhd Hbtirah is itcrìt th tcàr guetur` ibn wiy ho eao`% abn``n th tcàr v`ry survavie is i p`hpe`"> 1^c` sgc`d` ho s`gtahb 79 wis adpe`d`bt`n bàtc`r abigghrnibg` watc tc` ehbk `stimeasc`n pheagy ho `xt`bnabkkhv`rbd`btie prht`gtahb hv`r tc` eibns kav`b ab `xgcibk` ohr tcÀbnaib tate`% bhr ab igghrnibg` watc tc` pheagy ho l``pabk sugc eibnshut ho tc` pumeag dirl`t" Iea`bime`% or`` kribts ho eibn w`r` kav`bth -tc` gcaenr`b ho tc` Cieo$Mr``n cìns ho oidaea`s- wcagc wisabt`rpr`t`n is iee tchs` wch w`r` bht dirra`n ab 93;606 ibn tc`

>? Hb` ho tc` r`quar`d`bts ho tc` e`kaseitav` pheagy wis tcit i ghbsan`r`n junkd`bt m`din` ab tc` gis` ho ìgc abnavanuie wc`tc`r hr bht ib iea`bime` `stit` hukct th m` kribt`n%mis`n hb ib iss`ssd`bt ho tc` abnavanuie+s imaeaty th prht`gt cas abt`r`st ab tc` pumeag dirl`t"

>; Bhrtc$[`st ^`rrathra`s ]`phrt supri% bht` 7>" W`` iesh ^c` Jid`s [gl`s îyehrGhrr`sphbn`bg` 930;$93;6% C" Mhwsoaèn% `n" #[abbap`k: Dibathmi ]`ghrn Whga`tyVumeagitahbs% 91?3! `sp" it 96=$967"^cas whuen civ` r`quar`n% ab innatahb th prhcamatahbs hb iea`bitahb th bhb$Dntas% tcittc` eibns m` sè`gt`n wc`r` tc`y ghuen m` usìme` ohr tc` tribsatahb th i ouee$tad` s`n`btiry%

ikragueturie `ghbhdy" ^cas dìbt tc` eibns whuen civ` th m` bìr tc` rav`rs m`gius`% ab oigt%bh hb` oird`n iwiy orhd tc` rav`rs mòhr` 9336" ["E" Dhrthb% -Ikraguetur` ab tc` ]`n]av`r Ghehby- #91>1! 76 Gib" Cast" ]`v" 760 it 7=6">1 ] v" Ohr`st% \91;;T 9["["]" 7?7 it 7;>$;0 #Dib" Gh" Gt!"06 Ib Igt th ]`dhv` Nhumts is th tc` Ghbstrugtahb ho W`gtahb 79 ho tc` Igt 77 _agthrai%

Gcipt`r7% ibn th Id`bn W`gtahb 963 ho tc` Nhdabahb Eibns Igt% W"G" 93;7% g" 73% s" 9" Ib

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9119T Imhrakabie]akcts >;9krìt D?tas eibn krim wis hb" ^c` nastramutahb sgc`d`% wcagc wisbht `v`b m`kub ubtae 93;?%09 hp`rit`n th ouè i mhhdabk rìe `stit``ghbhdy tcit prhdht`n quagl prhoats ohr sp`gueithrs ibn i ripan`xpibsahb ho tc` o`n`rie pheagy ho ikragueturie s`tte`d`bt ho tc`[`st" Jhcb I" Dignhbien% wch wis tc` irgcat`gt ho s`gtahb 79%thhl tc` hpphrtubaty ab 9330 th gcan` tc` Eam`rie indabastritahb ohrats rhe` ab oivhurabk tc` eibn sp`gueithrs it tc` `xp`bs` ho tc` D?tasnurabk tc` Eam`rie indabastritahb ab 93;7$93;3:

Wh% watc i eirk`b`ss ho cìrt ubpirieeè`n ab tcàr nìeabks watc tc` Cieo Mr``ns hoDibathmi hr iby htc`r s`gtahb ho tc` p`hpe` ho Gibini% tc` Khv`rbd`bt n`gan`ntcit tc`y whuen kav` th ìgc cieomr``n gcaen `btate`n th scir` ab tc` r`s`rv` i or``pit`bt ohr =>6 igr`s" ^cas dakct ehhl eal` eam`rieaty th tc` cieomr``ns% mut ao w`til` i p``p m`cabn tc` sgr``b w` oabn tcit mòhr` tcit nit` \93;?T% ippir`bteyn`spiarabk ho `v`r r`gàvabk pit`bts ohr tcàr eibns% tc` dijhraty ho tc` geiadibtscin nasphs`n ho tcàr rakcts ohr i d`r` shbk% th sp`gueitav` ora`bns ho tc`Khv`rbd`bt< ibn at wis bh nhumt ohr tc` m`bòat ho ghrdhribts ho tcas geiss tcittc` cìrts ho Dr" Eiarn ibn cas gheeìku`s sh sunn`bey `xpibn`n" 0 =

Igghrnabk th r`g`bt r`sìrgc% my 933? vartuieey iee geiads thtc` 9"> daeeahb igr`s cin m``b nasphs`n ho" Bìrey sax tchusibnabnavanuie pit`bts cin m``b assu`n mut e`ss tcib tw`bty p`rg`bt hotc` pit`bt``s `d`rk`n is hwb`rs ho tcàr eibn hbg` at wis kribt`nmy tc` Grhwb"07 Khv`rbd`bt hooagaies w`r` adpeagit`n ab hb` ho tc`dhst cakcey$peig`n `xthrtahb rigl`ts ab Gibinaib casthry"0 > Eiwy`rsjhab`n tc` or`` trin` ab D?tas aboibt eibns ibn ab 9339 tc` prhvabg``stimeasc`n i junagaie abquary abth tc` prigtag`s ho tc` prhvabgaie

issudptahb tcit s`gtahb 7= wi s n`sakb`n th prhvan` tate`s th tc` rav`r ehts cèn my tc` cìnsho oidaea`s wcae` s`gtahb 79 wis dìbt ohr tc` gcaenr`b ho tc`s` cìns whuen bht civ` tc`ghbs`qu`bg` ho prhvanabk eibns ohr iee tc` d`dm`rs ho tc` Dntas ghddubaty% ibn whuen bhtm` supphrt`n my tc` casthragie `van`bg`" ^c` rìshb as tcit i sakbaoagibt budm`r ho -cìns hooidaea`s- w`r` tc` gcaenr`b ho rav`r eht r`san`bts wch scir`n tc` rav`r eht watc tcàr pir`bts"^c` `van`bg` `d`rk`s orhd i ghdpirashb ho tc` virahus r`san`bts+ easts huteab`n ab N"B"Wpriku` / ]"V" Ory`% ^c` K`bìehkyho tc` OarstDntasBitahb #[abbap`k: V`ddagib% 9137!"

09 ^c` oiaeur` th adpe`d`bt s`gtahb 79 igghrnabk th ats abt`bt is shhb is phssame`% hrwatcab i rìshbime` tad`% as i mrìgc ho tc` hmeakitahb th adpe`d`bt tc` s`gtahb: ] v"D`rgur`% \9133T 9 W"G"]" =7> it =39"

0= Gibini% C"G"% N`mit`s%it 799> #? Juey 9330!"07 N"B" Wpriku`% -Khv`rbd`bt eiwe`ssb`ss Ab ^c` Indabastritahb ho Dibathmi Eibn

Geiads% 93;6$933;- #9136! 96 Dib" E"a" >90 it >=9 ibn >7;"0> ^Mlt% it >79$77"


17/27

HWKHHN@ CIEE EI[ JHP]BIE _HE =1 BH" 7ghurts ab nìeabk watc tc` triooag ab aboibt eibns tcit wis gcibbèe`ntcrhukc tc` junagaie syst`d" ^c` Gcaò Justag` ibn cas oidaey w`ràdpeagit`n"00 Ab kavabk cas t`stadhby% hb` ghurt hooagaie stit`n cashpabahb tcas wiy: -A b`v`r susp`gt`n ohr i dhd`bt tcit i syst`dwcagc turb`n hut th m` sh vagahus ghuen phssamey `xast ab iby gavaeas`nghubtry"-0 ? _irahus r`ghdd`bnitahbs w`r` din` my tc` Abquary%sugc is tc` `stimeascd`bt ho ib hooagaie kuirnaib ohr tc` aboibteibns" 0; Abstìn% tc` prhvabgaie khv`rbd`bt piss`n r`trhigtavè`kaseitahb th e`kieaz` tc` arr`kueirata`s wcagc cin kav`b ras` th tcÀbquary"03 Ab cas hwb abadatime` stye`% tc` ibtcrhphehkast Kariunsuddiraz`n tc` eibn krim `ri ab i dibb`r tcit cis typaoa`nGibinaib casthragie wratabk imhut tc` Drtas p`hpe`:

\ATb tcàr ghbtigt watc tc` Hbtiraibs% tc`y suoo`r`n tc` òo`gts ho tcàr wìlb`ss howaee ibn ho tcàr trinatahbs ho eavabk% wcagc% my ittigcabk tc`d th bhdinasd% cinpr`v`bt`n tc`d orhd ippr`gaitabk tc` tru` vieu` ho tc` eibn ibn orhd iniptabkkrinuieey th tc` `ghbhdy tcit wis n`stab`n c`bg` ohrwirn th adphs` atsèo hb tc`peiabs ho tc` w`st"01

My 9330% hv`r àkcty p`r g`bt ho tc` D?tas phpueitahb ab tc` Bhrtc$[`st ^`rrathra`s cin ghd` orhd Dibathmi% watc tc` krìt`stghbg`btritahb irhubn Mithgc` hb tc` Wislitgc`wib ]av`r% wc`r`Kimraè Nudhbt ibn cas d`b ohukct tc` Gibinaib irdy% tc` eistImhrakabie krhup th oig` tc` irdy ubtae Hli ab tc` sudd`r ho9116"?6

00 K" @bs% -Dntas Eibns ab Dibathmi- #9137! 0 Dib" Cast" ="0? Wupri% bht` >6 it 79% -Wtit`d`bt my [aeeaid E`kkh- #= N`g`dm`r 9339!"0; Tman"% -]`phrt ho Ghubsè Ipphabt`n my tc` Chb" tc` Itthrb`y$K`b`rie th Issast tc`

Ghddassahb`rs- #96 N`g`dm`r 9339!"03 Wupri% bht` 00 it 96 " ^c` Igts wcagc igghdpeasc`n tc` purphs` w`r`: W"D" 9337%

g" =1 ibn W"D" 933> g" 3 ibn => "01 Kariun% supri% bht` 96% vhe" = it 736" Ohr ib abt`r`stabk% r`g`bt r`va`w ho Kariun+s

whrl% s`` O" ^hukc% -]ig`% V`rshbieaty ibn Casthry" I ]`va`w ho Dirgè Kariun+s +^c`Dntas ab tc` Gibinaib [`st+- #9131! 0:= Bitav` Wtun" ]`v" 00 "?6 V"]" Diaecht / N"B" Wpriku`% -V`rsast`bt W`tte`rs: ^c` Nasp`rsie ibn ]`s`tte`d`bt

ho tc` ]`n ]av`r Dntas% 93;6$9330- #9130! 9;:= Gib" @tcbag Wtun" 9 it ;" ^c ` `v`bts it tc`Hli mehglin` w`r` wanèy r`phrt`n ab Gibinaib b`wspip`rs ab tc` sudd`r ho 9116" Ohr`xidpe`% s`` ^c` Httiwi Gataz`b #=0 W`pt`dm`r 9116! Iee"

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18/27

Imhrakabie]akcts[cy wis tc` D?tas eibn sgc`d` nìet watc ab tcas wiy8 Atwis oueey rìeaz`n my iee ghbg`rb`n tcit iea`bime` abnavanuie kribtswhuen bht m`bòat tc` D?tas" Irgcmaschp îgc? cin urk`n tc`khv`rbd`bt th r`stragt iea`bitahb ohr s`v`rie k`b`ritahbs" [c`b tc`sid` pheagy ho purphrtabk th `xtabkuasc tc` Abnaib tate` ho tc` D?tas

ab tc` htc`r w`st`rb r`kahbs my kavabk kribts ho iea`bime` eibns ibnsgrap wis abtrhnug`n% Jhcb I" Dignhbien ghdd`bt`n tcit\tTc` khv`rbd`bt lb`w """ c` Dabast`r ho tc` Abt`rahr lb`w tcit w` w`r` bht igtabkab tc` abt`r`sts ho tc` cieo$mr``ns ab kribtabk tc`d sgrap% ab kribtabk cad tcèibn" ?9

Ibn ikiab îgc? urk`n tc` `stimeascd`bt ho D?tas eibn mis`s s`guròrhd pumeag dirl`t igtavaty:]ias` tc` Cieo$Mr``n th tc` ghbnatahb ho eibnehrns< yhu waee tc`r`my ghbo`r i rìem`bòat hb tc`d% ibn w` waee bht s`` i r`p`tatahb ho tc` r`kr`ttime` hggurr`bg`wcagc thhl peig` ab Dibathmi" ?=Ao at wis lbhwb tcit iea`bime` kribts whuen bht prht`gt D?tasabt`r`sts% tc`b tc` ibsw`r th tc` qu`stahb phs`n imhv` dust ea` abtc` pr`ssur`s th prhdht` i or`` eibn dirl`t ohr tc` purphs`s ho tc`Nhdabahb pheagy ho w`stwirn bitahbie `xpibsahb" ^c` ibsw`r ea`sab tc` va`ws ho sugc d`b is Gcaò Justag` [hhn wch n`geir`n tcit-is th tc` Cieo$Mr``n r`s`rv`% eal` iee htc`r r`s`rv`s ho `v`ry labn%tc`y ir` i gurs` th tc` ghubtry% ibn schuen m` nastramut`n watchutnèiy"-?7 Igghrnabkey% c` urk`n tc` or`àbk ho tc` eibns sh tcit tc`prhvabg` -whuen oaee up quagley watc ib Hbtirah phpueitahb ibn

whuen yaèn i prhoatime` r`turb ohr tc` dhb`y `xp`bn`n hb at"+ ?>Inid Irgcamien% tc` oarst Eaùt`bibt$Khv`rbhr ho tc` prhvabg`%invas`n tc` o`n`rie khv`rbd`bt:Wh oir is tc` invibg` ibn s`tte`d`bt ho tc` Ghubtry as ghbg`rb`n% at whuen màboabatèy m`tt`r th kav` i Cieo$Mr``n i tate` ab O`` th cas eht" C` dakct dil` mi n

?9 Gibini% C"G"% N`mit`s% it 799; #? Juey 9330!"?= E`tt`r orhd îgc? th J"W" N`bbas% N`puty Dabast`r ho tc` Abt`rahr #=1 Jibuiry 93;1!%

ab i e`tt`r quht`n ab Wislitgc`wib Irgcav`s Mhirn% Vr`da`r+s Hooag`% ]$919% Mhx 9% V" $ D=%-Wislitgc`wib D?tas: Mraò hb Abv`stakitahb Abth tc` E`kie% @quatime` ibn Dhrie Geiad`s\sagT ho tc` Dntas V`hpe` ho Wislitgc`wib ab ]èitahb th tc` @xtabkuascd`bt ho tc` Abnaibâte`- #]`kabi% =3 Juey 91>7! #V"G" Chnk`s / @"N" Bhhbib% Ghubsè! it 3="

?7 VIG% Digl`bza` Vip`rs% D"K" =?M it 367"?> Aman" it ?6="

9119T


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us` ho at """` dakct sèe at ohr i traoe` """taee tc` eibn whuen r`diab% ibn Abpissabk orhd tc` cibns ho i dib wch nan bht lbhw chw th l``p at """whuenT tc`dhst ealèy """ turb tc` eibns th vieuime` igghubt"?0

^c` `xp`ra`bg`s ab tc` w`st m`yhbn Dibathmi ghboard`n tc`va`w tcit kavabk iea`bime` eibns nan bht m`bòat tc` D?tas" Ab 93;3ibn 9330% khv`rbd`bt hooagaies r`ghdd`bn`n kavabk abiea`bimeèibns"?? Mut tc` khv`rbd`bt ghbtabu`n tc` krìt eibn krim myassuabk iea`bime` sgrap g`rtaoagit`s r`n``dime` ohr pumeag eibns th`xtabkuasc tc` Drtas tate` th tc` eibn" Orhd 9330% i s`pirit` sgrapghddassahb`r igghdpiba`n tc` w`st`rb trìty ghddassahbs"Wp`gueithrs igghdpiba`n tc`s` trivèeabk oriuns% muyabk tc` sgrapsohr gisc -ohr i d`r` shbk- is Dignhbien cin pu t at" Hb` ho tc`s`sp`gueithrs r`ghubt`n usabk cas gisc$oaee`n sinne` miks is i paeehwnurabk cas sgrap$muyabk gidpiakbs" ?;Iby Imhrakabie dib wch ghuen schw shd` bhb$Imhrakabieibg`stry wis kav`b tc` hptahb ho tilabk Drtas sgrap abstìn ho -trìtystitus"- Diby abnavanuies w`r` t`dpt`n my tc` prhsp`gt ho i quaglgisc s`tte`d`bt th eìv` tc` ribls ho -trìty Abnaibs- hb tc` r`s`rv`sibn th jhab tc` krhwabk ribls ho tc` eibne`ss D?tas"?3 ^caspc`bhd`bhb kiv` ras` th tc` krhwabk budm`rs ho eibne`ss -bhb$stitus- Abnaibs wch jhab`n tc` ribls ho tc` nasphss`ss`n Drtas"Wums`qu`bt k`b`ritahbs ho tc`s` p`hpe` civ` m``b nhhd`n th eavàb ^carn [hren ghbnatahbs ab s`tte`d`bts hot`b hb tc` `nk` ho-Abnaib- r`s`rv`s% ubime` my khv`rbd`bt pheagy th pirtagapit` ab tc`ghddubaty eao` hr tc` r`kad` ho o`n`rie indabastritahb ho r`s`rv`phpueitahbs ubn`r tc` AbnaibIgt e`kaseitahb"?1 ^c` `bigtd`bt hos`gtahb 90 ho tc` GibinaibGcirt`rho]akcts ibnOr``nhds;- ab 913=cis rias`n tc` qu`stahb wc`tc`r tc` o`n`rie khv`rbd`bt cis ibhmeakitahb th prhvan` `quie m`bòats ohr tc` virahus krhups ho

?0 Wpriku`% supri% bht` 07% it Ipp" N >"0"?? Wupri% bht` >="?; Wiwgcul% supri% bht` 7 it 979"?3 man"% it 976oo"?1 AbnaibIgt% supri% bht` 7";6 Virt A ho tc` GhbstatutahbIgt 913=% màbk Wgc`nue` M ho tc` GibiniIgt 913= #P"L"!%

913=% g" 99"

>;> _HE =1 Bh" 7


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9119T Imhrakabie]akcts >;0Imhrakabie p`hpe`s r`ghkbaz`n ab tc` Ghbstatutahb" ;9 Ourtc`r% r`g`btgis` eiw sukk`sts tc` `xast`bg` ho i k`b`rie oanugairy nuty thwirnsImhrakabie p`hpe` tcit diy civ` m``b mrìgc`n my tc` casthragie`xgeusahbiry pheaga`s% it eìst tchs` wcagc staee civ` i ghbt`dphriryadpigt";=

^c` krìt n`statutahb ho tc` D~tas ghbtabu`n th m` tc` hmj`gtho virahus sh$giee`n -r`cimaeatitahb- sgc`d`s" M`tw``b 931? ibn9196% i o`n`rie sgc`d` ab Iem`rti `stimeasc`n n`statut` D?tas uphbabiea`bime` s`tte`d`bt eibns indabast`r`n my tc` Gitcheag Gcurgc";7Ohr diby rìshbs tc` peib oiae`n mut tc` anì wis r`surr`gt`n ab inaoo`r`bt ohrd ab tc` tw`bta`tc g`btury" Ab tc` 9176s% pursuibt thtc` r`ghdd`bnitahbs ho i ghddassahb ho abquary% tc` Iem`rtikhv`rbd`bt piss`n e`kaseitahb th `stimeasc i budm`r ho s`tte`d`btghehba`s ohr n`statut` Dtas" @akct ho tc`s` civ` survav`n ibn ir`bhw tc` sum `gt ho igtahb th `btr`bgc tcàr stitus ab tc` prhvabgaieghbstatutahb" > Ab Wislitgc`wib% i budm`r ho -r`cimaeatitahb-sgc`d`s w`r` iesh `stimeasc`n nurabk tc` 91>6s ibn 9106s" Ab 9109%tc` ]`kabi Eìn`r Vhst n`sgram`n wcit at giee`n tc` -ippieeabk- eavabkghbnatahbs ho tc` D?tas ab tc` prhvabg`:

^c` Dntas w`r` watchut `dpehyd`bt hr r`kueir abghd` ibn n`p`bn`n `btarèy hbdubagapie ibn khv`rbd`bt rèaò" Ibn tc`y eigl`n tc` abg`btav` th nh ibytcabk mut`xast ab tcàr das`rime` eatte` chd`s% diby ho wcagc w`r` watchut oehhrs hr prhp`rwabnhws" ;0

^c` sgc`d`s ab Wislitgc`wib w`r` `stimeasc`n pursuibt thtc` iutchraty ho i k`b`rieey ippeagime` stitut`% ^c` ]`cimaeatitahbIgt%;? ibn abvhev`n bh r`ghkbatahb ho pirtagueir rakcts"

;9 man"% Virt AA% s" 70";= 8"v" Wpirrhw%\9116T 9 W"G"]" 96;0% \9116T 7 G"B"E"]" 9?6" Ohr ib ìrea`r nasgussahb

ho tc` oanugairy hmeakitahb% s`` ["]" DgDurtry / I" Vritt% -Abnaibs ibn tc` OanugairyGhbg`pt% Wèo$Khv`rbd`bt ibn tc` Ghbstatutahb: Ku`rab ab V`rsp`gtav`- \913?T 7 G"B"E"]" 91";7 Wiwgcul% supri% bht` 7 it 901oo";> Tman" W`v`rie maees w`r` abtrhnug`n ab tc` Iem`rti e`kaseitur` hb Bhv`dm`r 9% 9131ohr tcas purphs`";0 ]`kabi Eìn`rVhst #7 Hgthm`r 9109!" I ghpy ho tcas pip`r as ab tc` irgcavie r`ghrns

ho tc` KimraèNudhbt Abstatut` ab ]`kabi mu t at r`diabs ubgitiehku`n";? ]"W"W" 9107% g" =>0"


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At as abt`r`stabk th bht` tcit ab 91??% Digeìb+s dikizab`r`phrt`n tc` vasat ho i Pbav`rsaty ho ^hrhbth stun`bt prhj`gt%B``sthw% wcagc vasat`n tc` Kr``b Eil` ghddubaty r`cimaeatitahbprhj`gt ab Wislitgc`wib" ^c` r`phrt stit`n tcit -tc` s`tte`d`bt wiss` t up =0 yìrs ikh is i dhnè ghddubaty $ thniy% at as i rurieseud"-

; ;

Iot`r civabk m``b us`n is ib abstrud`bt ho nasphss`ssahb abtc` bab`t``btc g`btury% tc` eiw peiy`n i rèitavèy dabhr rhe` ab tc`nridi ho tc` gargudstibg`s ho tc` D?tas ab tc` priara` prhvabg`s"Iot`r [hren [ir A% D?tas v`t`ribs thhl invibtik` ho tcàrcàkct`b`n shgaie stitus th pr`ss ohr tc` ippeagitahb ho e`kiep`bieta`s th tchs` wch cin nòriun`n tc`d ho tcàr eibns" Ab 91=6i p`tatahb wis sumdatt`n th tc` Vrad` Dabast`r islabk ohr tc``stimeascd`bt ho i ]hyie Ghddassahb th abv`stakit` iee`k`n gis`s hosgrap oriun" ^c` r`pey wis tc` sid` hb` kav`b ab Dibathmi ik`b`ritahb ìrea`r" ^c` iee`k`n oriuns ir` i ditt`r ho pravitèatakitahb m`tw``b tc` pirta`s ibn bht tc` ghbg`rb ho tc`khv`rbd`bt" Hb` D?tas v`t`rib ab Iem`rti my tc` bid` ho Kricidnan abatait` prhg``nabks% gcirkabk ib @ndhbthb daeeahbiar` bid`nW`ghrn watc ohrk`ry ho nhgud`bts rèit`n th D?tas eibns" ^c``van`bg` sumdatt`n th tc` dikastrit` wis suooaga`bt th civ` W`ghrnr`dibn`n ohr traie ab i cakc`r ghurt mut abt`rv`babk gargudstibg`s`bsur`n c` whuen b`v`r oig` traie" Ab eakct ho tc` r`sphbs` abDibathmi th tc` oabnabks ho tc` 9339 Ghddassahb ho Abquary% at asbht surprasabk th eìrb tcit tc` Gradabie Ghn` wis id`bn`n thprhcamat prhs`gutahbs rèit`n th iby hoo`bg` rèitabk th hr irasabkhut ho D?tas eibn tribsigtahbs";3Ab Dibathmi% ohrdie prht`sts cin m``b din` ìrey ab tcasg`btury r`kirnabk tc` naoo`r`btaie ippeagitahb ho o`n`rie pheagy

;; L`b Datgcèe% +^c` ^rhume` watc Cèpabk tc` Dntas- Digeìb+s#93 Jub` 91??! 9=";3 Wiwgcul% supri% bht` 7 it 9>?oo" W`gtahb =6 ho Ib Igt th Id`bn tc` GradabieGhn`%

W"G" 91=9% g" =0 id`bn`n tc` Gradabie Ghn`% ]"W"G" 916?% g" 9>?% s" 99>6#9! my prhcamatabkprhs`gutahb ohr ib hoo`bg` iot`r tc` `xparitahb ho tcr`` yìrs orhd tc` tad` ho ats ghddassahbao sugc hoo`bg` m` -#av! Iby hoo`bg` rèitabk th hr irasabk hut ho tc` ehgitahb ho eibn wcagcwis pian ohr ab wche` hr ab pirt my sgrap hr wis kribt`n uphb g`rtaoagit`s assu`n th cieo$mr``ns ab ghbb`gtahb watc tc` `xtabkuascd`bt ho Abnaib tate`"-

_HE" =1 BH" 7


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9119T Imhrakabie]akcts >;;thwirns D?tas p`hpe` ab naoo`r`bt r`kahbs";1 Ab 917;% Kariun+s stunyho Dibathmi Drtas ghddubata`s ehgit`n iwiy orhd tc` [abbap`kvagabaty e`n cad th ghbgeun` tcit p`rdib`bt eibn mis`s hukct thciv` m``b prhvan`n% is cin m``b nhb` ab tc` gis` ho tc` -Abnaib-r`s`rv`s3

^c` dijhr gciee`bk` th tc` krìt D~tas eibn krim cis m``btc` r`g`bt gis` hoNudhbt v"I"K" Gibini b Dibathmi% ab wcagc istit`d`bt ho geiad wis abataieey oae`n ab tc` Ghurt ho Yu``b+s M`bgcab Iprae% 9139"39 ^c` peiabtaoos% wch ir` bhw din` up ho Drtasabnavanuies% tc` Dibathmi D`tas O`n`ritahb%3 = ibn tc` Bitav` Ghubgaeho Gibini% ir` s``labk i n`geiritahb tcit tc` o`n`rie ibn prhvabgaiestitut`s% wcagc w`r` piss`n ab purphrt`n adpe`d`btitahb ho tc`Dibathmi eibn s`tte`d`bt sgc`d`% w`r` ghbstatutahbieey abviean" ^c`diab misas ohr tc` gciee`bk` as tcit tc` stitut`s w`r` id`bnd`bts ths`gtahb 79 ibn tc`ròhr` w`r` m`yhbn tc` ghdp`t`bg` ho Vireaid`btibn tc` e`kaseitur` th `bigt"37^c` D~tas gis` #tc` bid` as tcit ho tc` gurr`bt Vr`san`bt hotc` O!% iot`r màbk oae`n ab 9139% eiy nhrdibt ab tc` syst`d ubtae9130 m`gius` ho ib `xp`gtitahb hb tc` pirt ho tc` peiabtaoos tcit tc`prhg`ss ho ghbstatutahbie ròhrd b`khtaitahbs r`quar`n my s`gtahb 7;ho tc` Ghbstatutahb Ig> 913= dakct r`suet ab tc` `btr`bgcd`bt ho

;1 W`` -@xg`rpt orhd tc` Nairy ho Jìb$Miptast` Gcirtribn%- ab Eussa`r / Wìe`y% `ns"%vhe" =% supri%bht` 96 it >1" ^c` -nairy- as ab oigt i jhurbie ho Biphe`hb Gcirtribn% mrhtc`rho Jìb$Miptast`% ibn as ab tc` iutchr+s phss`ssahb"

36 Dirgè Kariun% -I Bht` hb tc` Cieo$Mr``n Vrhme`d ab Dibathmi- #917;! 7 Gib" J"@ghb" / Vhe" Wga" 0>9"

39 N`gasahbs th nit`% ab tc` Ghurt ho Ippìe ibn ab tc` Wupr`d` Ghurt hb prèadabirydhtahbs% ir` r`phrt`n ab Nudhbt v" I"K" Gibini #913;!% >3 Dib" ]" #=n! > #sum bhd"DibathmiD`tas O`n`ritahbAbg" v" I"K" Gibini! \9133T 7 G"B"E"]" 71 \c`ràbiot`r DDO v"I"K" GibiniT%ibn ab Nudhbt v" I"K" Gibini% \9116T 9 W"G"]" =;1% \9116T = G"B"E"]" 91\c`ràbiot`r NudhbtT"

3= C`ràbiot`r DDO"37 W`gtahb 79 as pirt ho tc` Ghbstatutahb ho Gibini pursuibt th tc` GhbstatutahbIg cis% ho ghurs`%m``b ritc`r abstrugtav` ab tcit r`kirn% is wèe"^c` htc`r prhvasahb ohr kuiribt`àbk ehgie abt`r`sts ab tcÌgt ho 93;6% tc` n`bhdabitahbie sgchhes prhvasahb% wis junagaieeyabt`rpr`t`n eit` ab tc` eist g`btury"30 Ab tc` ]ò`r`bg` ]` Eibkuik`]akcts Pbn`r tc` DibathmiIgt% 93;6%3? tc` Wupr`d` Ghurt n`gan`ntcit s`gtahb =7 ghbtiabs phsatav` khv`rbd`btie hmeakitahbs tcit ir`junagaieey `bohrgìme`" N`sgramabk s`gtahb =7 is -tc` guedabitahb hodiby yìrs ho gh$`xast`bg` ibn strukke` m`tw``b tc` @bkeasc% tcÒr`bgc% ibn tc` D?tas ab ]`n ]av`r W`tte`d`bt%-3 ; tc` Ghurtghdd`bt`n hb ats rhe` ab tc` prht`gtahb ho rakcts tcit oehw orhd tc`DibathmiIgt ho 93;6:

3> ^c` 913; GhbstatutahbieIgghrn s `xidab`n ibn tc` t`xt ho tc` -D``gc Eil`- Igghrnnhgud`bts ir` r`prhnug`n ab V"[" Chkk% D``gc Eil` Ghbstatutahbie Igghrn Ibbhtit`n#^hrhbth: Girswèe% 9133!" ^c` Igghrn cis ierìny k`b`rit`n i vheudabhus eat`ritur`" Ohr`xidpe`% s`` L"@" Wwabthb / G"J" ]hk`rshb% `ns% Ghdp`tabk Ghbstatutahbie _asahbs: ^c`D``gc Eil` Igghrn% #^hrhbth: Girswèe% 9133!< M" Wgcwirtz% Oitchdabk D``gc Eil`%#[abbap`k: E`kie ]`sìrgc Abstatut` ho tc` Pbav`rsaty ho Dibathmi% 913;!< ibn ]" Dignhbien%-"""D``gc Eil` th tc` Ghbtriry Bhtwatcstibnabk- =1 Hskhhn` Ciee E"J" =07 ibn >37" ^cÌgghrn oiae`n th k`t tc` r`quar`n ubibadhus supphrt orhd tc` prhvabg`s ibn nan bh t piss abtheiw"

30 Hb tc` abt`rpr`titahb ho s`gtahb ==% s`` Mirr`ttv" [abbap`k #Gaty ho! #9319!% 91 W"G"]"7;>% r`v+n hb htc`r krhubns \931=T I"G" >>0 #V"G"!< ]` G`rtiab Wtitut`s ho tc` Vrhvabg` hoDibathmi ]èitabk th @nugitahb #9317!% == W"G"]" 0;;% r`vn #sum bhd" Mrhpcy v" I"K"Dibathmi! \9310T I"G" =6= #P"G"!"

3? \9130T 9 W"G"]" ;=9 \c`ràbiot`r ]` Dibathmi Eibkuik` ]akcts ]ò`r`bg`T" W`` ieshI"K"Dibathmiv" Ohr`st% \91;1T = W"G"]" 967="

3 ; Aman"% ]` Dibathmi Eibkuik` ]akcts ]ò`r`bg` it ;79"

vhe$ =1 Bh" 7


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9119T Imhrakabie]akcts >;1^c ` junagairy as tc` abstatutahb gcirk`n watc tc` nuty ho `bsurabk tcit tc`khv`rbd`bt ghdpea`s watc tc` Ghbstatutahb" [` dust prht`gt tchs` wchs`ghbstatutahbie rakcts civ` m``b vaheit`n% wchd `v`r tc`y diy m`% ibn wcit`v`r tc`rìshbs ohr tc` vaheitahb """ ^c` ghbstatutahb ho i ghubtry as i stit`d`bt ho tc` waeeho tc` p`hpe` th m` khv`rb`n ab igghrnibg` watc g`rtiab prabgape`s cèn isoubnid`btie ibn g`rtiab pr`sgraptahbs r`stragtav` ho tc` phw`rs ho tc` e`kaseitur` ibnkhv`rbd`bt """ ibn at as """ hur nuty th `bsur` tcit tc` ghbstatutahbie eiw pr`viaAs 3 3^c`r` whuen m` ghbsan`rime` arhby% ibn tc` whrns ho tc`Ghurt whuen rabk cheehw% ao ab tc` `bn tc` hrakabie kuiribt``s abs`gtahbs == ibn =7% wcagc bhw eirkèy `bur` th tc` m`bòat ho i bhb$D?tas phpueitahb% w`r` th m` upcèn my tc` ghurts wcae` r`j`gtabk

tc` ghbt`dphriry sakbaoagibg`% ab tc` gis` ho s`gtahb 79% ho rakctswcagc dust b`g`ssiraey m`bòat hbey tc` D?tas wchs` ibg`sthrsb`khtait`n iee tc` kuiribt``s"^c` D?tas ab Dibathmi civ` til`b ghurt igtahb is i eistr`shrt ab tryabk th nìe watc tc` `xastabk syst`d" ]`qu`sts ohr i]hyie Ghddassahb th abv`stakit` tc` geiads m`cabn tc` oiaeur`s thprhp`rey adpe`d`bt s`gtahb 79 w`r` bht igg`pt`n ab 91?1% ibn ikiabab 913>"31 Ao ghurt igtahb nh`s bht r`suet ab junagaie supphrt ho tc`shrt kav`b ab tc` gis` ho s`gtahb =7% tc` D?tas ho tc` prhvabg` ir`phas`n th iss`rt tc` aee`katadigy ho i ghbstatutahb wcagc oiaes th d``ttc` Wupr`d` Ghurt+s hwb t`st ho màbk -i stit`d`bt ho tc` waee hotc` p`hpe`"- D?tas ikr``d`bt th tc` Dibathmi Igt% 93;6 wiss`gur`n ab eakct ho i prhdas` ho ib idb`sty tcit wis mrhl`b" ^citmrhl`b prhdas` `stimeasc`s ib aee`katadigy tcit whuen ubivhanimey m`rias`n schuen tc` mrìgc`s ho tc` hmeakitahbs ab s`gtahb 79 bht m`r`shev`n" c`s` ditt`rs waee m` adphrtibt ab tc` ghurs` ho outur`n`mit`s hb ghbstatutahbie ròhrd r`sp`gtabk Imhrakabie p`hpe`s"W`gtahb 79 gib til` hb i ghbt`dphriry sakbaoagibg` is i pirt ho tc`

33 Aman" it ;>0"31 Nass`btabk ab tc` Dibathmi Ghurt ho Ippìe ab DDO v"I"K" Gibini% supri% bht` 39

it 0=% H+Wueeavib A" eid`bt`n tc` abin`quigy ho tc` junagaie prhg`ss ohr r`shevabk nasput`smis`n hb ghbstatutahbie oigts wcagc n`p`bn uphb casthragie abt`rpr`titahb is wèe is shgaie ibnpheatagie ibieysas" Ab cas va`w% sabg` -ghbstatutahbie oigts gib hbey m` isg`rtiab`n my i prhg`ssquat` ohràkb th tc` hrnabiry traie prhg`nur`s% at diy m` tcit justag` watc r`kirn th dabhrata`sgib hbey m` ittiab`n my tc` grìtahb ho ghbstatutahbie ghurts hr my n`vèhpabk watcab tc``xastabk ghurt syst`d i sp`gaie prhg`ss ohr nìeabk watc ghbstatutahbie oigts" I tad`$chbhur`nd`tchn ho nìeabk watc tc` labn ho geiad bhw mòhr` us as tc` ]hyie Ghddassahb ibn tcitdiy m` it tc` pr`s`bt tad` tc` m`st wiy th nìe watc tc` geiads ho tc` Dntas+


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bitahbie eibn geiads ikr``d`bt prhg`ss abvhevabk Imhrakabie p`hpe`sibn tc` Grhwb" Imm? ]atgcht% tc` sp`gaie b`khtaithr ohr tc` D?tas%mirkiab`n watc tc` o`n`rie dabast`rs ab 93;6 th hmtiab eibns absitasoigtahb ho tc` D?tas geiad ibn s`gtahb 79 `xpr`ssey r`ghkbaz`nats hmj`gt ho `xtabkuascabk D?tas Abnaib tate` th tc` eibns ab tc`prhvabg`" Ab t`rds% tc`b% s`gtahb 79 as i eibn geiads ikr``d`bt ibnas tc`ròhr` irkuimey `btr`bgc`n is hb` ho tc` -trìta`s- wcagc ir`bhw ioohrn`n prht`gtahb ab s`gtahb 70 ho tc` Ghbstatutahb Igt%913="16 Hut ho tc` oiae`n Oarst Dabast`rs+ Ghbo`r`bg`s% cènpursuibt th s`gtahb 7; civ` ghd` n`vèhpd`bts tcit sakbaoy tcàdphrtibg` ho tc` eibn mis` assu` ohr tc` D`tas ho ghbt`dphriryGibini" It tc` 9130 d``tabk% tc` Vrad` Dabast`r kiv` i ohrdieghddatd`bt th itt`dpt th r`ghkbaz` tc` sp`gaie b``ns ho tc` D?tas%abgeunabk tc` b``n ohr i eibn mis`"19 Wabg` 9133% tc` DDO abDibathmi cis m``b nasgussabk watc mhtc o`n`rie ibn prhvabgaiehooagaies tc` `stimeascd`bt ho -D?tas sèo$khv`rbd`bt abstatutahbs- ibnik`bga`s n`sakb`n th prhvan`% ab tc` ims`bg` ho ghbstatutahbiegcibk`% abgrìs`n n`gasahb$dilabk phw`r ohr tc` D?tas p`hpe` abr`sp`gt th tc` nèav`ry ho pumeag s`rvag`s tcit nar`gtey ioo`gt tc`d"[cit as tc` gcirigt`r ho tc`s` `bnìvhurs8 ^c`y irìtt`dpts it pheatagie ghdprhdas` th n`t`rdab` tc` peig` ho tc` Dtaswatcab Gibini+s abstatutahbie orid`whrl" I eìrb`n ghdd`btithrcis stit`n tcit

\tTc` bitav` p`hpe`s sadpey nh bht oat" Itt`dpts th dil` tc`d oat civ` oiae`nghbstibtey mut staee tc`y ghbtabu`" Ib abnasputime` oigt ho Gibinaib eao` as tcitimhut hb` gataz`b ab tw`bty cis iedhst bh peig` ab tcit eao`" [cit as `v`b dhr`trikag as tcit tc` bitav` p`hpe`s ir` tc` nar`gt n`sg`bnibts ho tchs` wch s`tte`n tcèibn ik`s mòhr` tc` -`tcbag- krhups ibn `v`b tc` twh -gcirt`r- krhups irrav`n"^c`y ir` it tc` sid` tad` Gibini+s hrakabie p`hpe` ibn c`r bitahbie scid`% hb`tcit cis bh t khb` ubbhtag`n ab tc` ghurt ho whren hpabahb"1=Ohr tc` D?tas% tc` oigt tc`y civ` iedhst bh peig` ab Gibinaib eaoàs r`vìe`n my tc` shgaie% pheatagie% ibn `ghbhdag ghbnatahbs wcagc

16 Tman it >3$09" H+Wueeavib J"hhl tc` va`w tcit s`gtahb 79 `dmhna`n i trìty"19 Wupri% bht` >"1= ]" [irnciukc% Eibkuik` ibn Bitahbchhn: ^c` Gibinaib@ip`ra`bg` #_ibghuv`r"

B`w Wtir Mhhls% 9137! it =91"

_HE" =1 Bh" 7


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27/27

HWKHHN@ CIEE EI[ JHP]BIEghabgan`btieey% wc`b tc` irdy dhv`n ab it tc` D`rga`r Mrank`mehglin` tcit sudd`r% at wis i daeatiry dhv`d`bt thwirn tc` mrank`bid`n iot`r Chbhr? D`rga`r% i ehgie pheatagaib wch ittigl`n tcò`n`rie khv`rbd`bt+s trìtd`bt ho tc` D?tas iot`r tc` irdy cinm``b s`bt th Wislitgc`wib ab 9330"1?

^c` tru` abt`rpr`titahb ho s`gtahb 79 prhvan`s i gciee`bk` thtc` trinatahbie casthry ho tc` Gibinaib w`st" ^c` prhg`ss hoabt`rpr`titahb schuen m` sakbaoagibt ab tc` gurr`bt naiehku` thn`t`rdab` ao i m`tt`r peig` gib m` prhvan`n ohr tc` D?tas ab Gibini"W`v`bty$ohur yìr hen Inèirn Mècudùr `xpr`ss`n tc` o`èabk hodiby D?tas wc`b c` sian th i Digeìb+s abt`rva`w`r ab 9130: -ID?tas as bhtcabk" C` cisb+t kht i ghubtry"-1; ^c` n`dibn as tc`sid` is tcit din` my Ehuas ]aè ab i d`dhribnud wratt`b ab 93;7:At as hur musab`ss th n`dibn% ibn th oabn ab Gibinaib Ghbo`n`ritahb% tcit p`rshbies`guraty ibn tcit pumeag eam`rty wcagc w` r`quar` ibn as hur ubnhumt`n rakct"

13

1? W`` Wtibe`y% supri% bht` ? it 713$>6;" ^c` supphrt ohr ]aè ab Yunm`g sw`pt iwiyats trinatahbie pheatagie iee`kaibg` ibn kuiribt``n Eam`rie supphrt ohr i g`btury ubtae tc` vagthryho Mraib Duerhb`y+s Ghbs`rvitav`s ab 913>" J" Eidirgc`% E+t? n`s Dhciwls: Maeib n`s ;3jhurs% Dhbtrnie% E`s nnatahbs abt`rbitahbie`s Ieiab Wtibln% 9116"

1; Dr" Mècudùr as quht`n my Ibnr`w Bacaohrul% -I V`hpe` ab Wìrgc ho Wievitahb-Digeìb+s #=6 Diy 9130! 90"

13 K"O"K" Wtibe`y% `n"% ^c` Ghee`gt`n [ratabks ho Ehuas]an% vhe" A #@ndhbthb: Pbav`rsatyho Iem`rti Vr`ss% 9130! it =0>"

>3= _HE$ =1 BH" 7

aboriginal rights: the dispossession of the metis

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