BY Tushar Roy

Secondary Metabolites

Antibiotics

Actinomycins

Secondary Metabolites

Antibiotics

Preparatory phase (lag phase)

Growth phase

Transition phase

Production phase

Culture of Streptomyces

obtained from soil

Primary Metabolites

>they are are organic compounds >not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of an organism.

> microbial products > inhibit the growth of other microorganisms.> mainly produced by soil Streptomyces and moulds.

Secondary Metabolites

Antibiotics

Gram +ve Gram -ve Fungus

Source: CHEMISTRY OF THE ACTINOMYCINS H. BROCKMANN (www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2/3/0405/pdf/)Source: CHEMISTRY OF THE ACTINOMYCINS H. BROCKMANN (www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2/3/0405/pdf/)

Actinomycin

yellow-red crystalline

antibioticsEffct. Human

tumors

produced

by :

highly toxic

Effective

in

small

non-

toxic

dosa

ges

STREPTO

MYCES

Source: CHEMISTRY OF THE ACTINOMYCINS H. BROCKMANN (www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2/3/0405/pdf/)Source: CHEMISTRY OF THE ACTINOMYCINS H. BROCKMANN (www.iupac.org/publications/pac/2/3/0405/pdf/)

Streptomyces

Several Actinomycins

mixtures of actinomycins form => mixed crystals

Separated by counter-current distribution or partition chromatography

Homogeneous Actinomycins (larger quantities)

Mixtures of molecules of

A part responsible for the yellow-red color of the compounds

First Chemical Investigations

A Polypeptide moiety

New class of Natural Products

" chromopeptides "

Actinomycin

Benzene, Alcohol, Acetone

Water, Ether Petroleum ether

Actinomycin crystals

Soluble Partially Soluble Not Soluble

About the DrugActinomycin DIt is a well-known antibiotic of the actinomycin group exhibits high antibacterial and antitumor activity used in clinical practice since 1954 as an anticancer drug for treating many tumors and it is also a useful tool in biochemistry and molecular biology

Mechanism of Action:associated with DNA functionalityleading to RNA and, consequently, protein synthesis inhibition.

Basic mechanism:Actinomycin is a cyclic polypeptide-containing antibiotic that binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis.It does this by interfering with the elongation of growing RNA chains by the RNA polymerase enzyme. Nucleolar (ribosomal) RNA synthesis is particularly sensitive to the presence of actinomycin, and this probably accounts for itspharmacological activity as well as its extreme toxicity to mammalian cell.

Source: Actinomycin and DNA transcription, HENRY M. SOBELL, Biochemlstry, Vol. 82, pp. 5328-5331, August 1985

Source: PUBMED (Abstract)

Actinomycin is a cyclic polypeptide

DRUG TYPE:anti-cancer all called as : antineoplastic or cytotoxic chemotherapy drug

CLASSIFIED AS:alkylating agent

REASON OF ITS USAGE:Dactinomycin is used to treat Wilms' tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, germ cell tumors, gestational trophoblastic disease, Ewing's sarcoma, testicular cancer, melanoma, choriocarcinoma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, uterine sarcomas, Kaposi's sarcoma, sarcoma botryoides and soft tissue sarcoma

Source: www.chemocare.com

ACTINOMYCINTHANKYOU