Abraham Abraham LincolnLincoln

1616thth president president

1861-18651861-1865

Republican (1Republican (1stst GOP)GOP)

"When it comes to this I should prefer emigrating to some "When it comes to this I should prefer emigrating to some country where they make no pretence of loving liberty -- country where they make no pretence of loving liberty -- to Russia, for instance, where despotism can be taken to Russia, for instance, where despotism can be taken

pure, and without the base alloy of hypocrisy." pure, and without the base alloy of hypocrisy."

1860 election…immediate 1860 election…immediate problemsproblems

• DEEP SOUTH DEEP SOUTH SECEDESSECEDES

• Why…what did Why…what did

Lincoln do?Lincoln do?

Republican stanceRepublican stance

• NO EXPANSION NO EXPANSION OF SLAVERY…OF SLAVERY…The The Constitution Constitution protects protects slavery where slavery where it is.it is.

Lincoln stanceLincoln stance

• In In youryour hands, my dissatisfied fellow- hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in countrymen, and not in mine,mine, is the is the momentous issue of civil war. The Government momentous issue of civil war. The Government will not assail will not assail you.you. You can have no conflict You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. without being yourselves the aggressors. YouYou have no oath registered in heaven to destroy have no oath registered in heaven to destroy the Government, while I shall have the most the Government, while I shall have the most solemn one to "preserve, protect, and defend solemn one to "preserve, protect, and defend it." it."

-First Inaugural Address-First Inaugural Address

The Southern Stance-The Southern Stance-

• WE DON’T BELIEVE YOU!WE DON’T BELIEVE YOU!– Tariff issuesTariff issues– Fugitive Slave LawsFugitive Slave Laws– Abolitionists- JOHN BROWN!!!Abolitionists- JOHN BROWN!!!– Lincoln’s own quote:"A house divided against itself Lincoln’s own quote:"A house divided against itself

cannot stand. I believe this government cannot cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half-free. I do endure permanently half-slave and half-free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved - I do not not expect the Union to be dissolved - I do not expect the house to fall - but I do expect it will expect the house to fall - but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other." all the other."

Fort SumterFort Sumter

Who was the aggressor???Who was the aggressor???

Middle South joins the Middle South joins the ConfederacyConfederacy

• AR, TN, NC, and VAAR, TN, NC, and VA

The Border states stay outThe Border states stay out• MO, KY, MD, WV, DE- all have slavesMO, KY, MD, WV, DE- all have slaves

The War begins…The War begins…

NORTH ADVANTAGESNORTH ADVANTAGES

SOUTH ADVANTAGESSOUTH ADVANTAGES

Bull Run-July 21, 1861 Bull Run-July 21, 1861

McClellan- “Tardy George”McClellan- “Tardy George”

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

• Defensive fightDefensive fight

• Skilled leaderSkilled leader

• High MoraleHigh Morale

Peninsula CampaignPeninsula Campaign

• 7 days battle…begins in Yorktown!7 days battle…begins in Yorktown!

• June 25 to July 1, 1862 June 25 to July 1, 1862

• What took you so long???What took you so long???

• Union loss!!!Union loss!!!

McClellan…McClellan…

NEW STRATEGY…TOTAL NEW STRATEGY…TOTAL WAR!WAR!

• 1)1)

• 2)2)

• 3)3)

• 4)4)

• 5)5)

• 6)6)

Winfield Scott- Anaconda Winfield Scott- Anaconda PlanPlan

IS LINCOLN A SAINT OR A IS LINCOLN A SAINT OR A TYRANT?TYRANT?

What does the Constitution What does the Constitution say?say?

• ““preserve, protect, and defend” the Constitutionpreserve, protect, and defend” the Constitution

• Ensure domestic tranquility, provide for common defenseEnsure domestic tranquility, provide for common defense

• To declare War and make Rules concerning Captures on Land + To declare War and make Rules concerning Captures on Land + WaterWater

• To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions

• to exercise Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of to exercise Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings needful Buildings

• The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, The privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it. may require it.

• New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new States shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of no new States shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the Consent of the more States, or parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress. Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.

John PopeJohn Pope

• 22ndnd Bull Run Bull Run

• August 29August 29thth-30-30thth 1862 1862

• THEY TRICKED ME- THEY TRICKED ME- – Fault of my officers and men!Fault of my officers and men!

LEE AND JACKSONLEE AND JACKSON

• Split into two units, Split into two units, Pope didn’t know Pope didn’t know who to fight.who to fight.

So…So…

BRING BACK…

LEE on the move…daring or LEE on the move…daring or dumb?dumb?

• MarylandMaryland

• 22,000 killed22,000 killed

• Sept 17Sept 17thth, 1862, 1862

Close, but no cigar???Close, but no cigar???

• What was What was McClellan McClellan thinking???thinking???

Close enough to a victory.Close enough to a victory.

What does it say?What does it say?

• "That on the first day of January, in the year of "That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authority States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom. efforts they may make for their actual freedom.

As for McClellan…As for McClellan…

Let’s try some othersLet’s try some others

• Aaron BurnsideAaron Burnside

• Fredericksburg disasterFredericksburg disaster

• 10,000 men die in 10,000 men die in

““Burnside Slaughter Pen”Burnside Slaughter Pen”

““Fighting” Joe HookerFighting” Joe Hooker

• His troops love him!His troops love him!

• Loses at ChancellorsvilleLoses at Chancellorsville

• But, Stonewall dies-But, Stonewall dies-– May 4May 4thth, 1863, 1863

General MeadeGeneral Meade

• July 1-3, 1863July 1-3, 1863

• GettysburgGettysburg

• ““The High WaterThe High Water

Mark of the Mark of the

Confederacy”Confederacy”

The fishhook The fishhook defensedefense

Day 1- Seminary HillDay 1- Seminary Hill

• North retreats North retreats through townthrough town

• Takes the high Takes the high defense pointsdefense points

• South- moral South- moral victoryvictory

Day 2-Devil’s Day 2-Devil’s Den, Little Den, Little Round TopRound Top

North holds North holds them offthem off

Devil’s denDevil’s den

Day 3- Should we stay or Day 3- Should we stay or should we go???should we go???

FIGHT- Pickett’s ChargeFIGHT- Pickett’s Charge

The High Water MarkThe High Water Mark

The fence!The fence!

Matthew BradyMatthew Brady

National Cemetery National Cemetery dedicationdedication

• November 19November 19thth, 1863, 1863

• Main speaker- Edward Everett- Main speaker- Edward Everett- Congressman, Senator, Governor of Congressman, Senator, Governor of Mass, Secretary of State, Harvard Mass, Secretary of State, Harvard ProfessorProfessor

• 2 hour speech!2 hour speech!

• ““It is the desire that, It is the desire that, after the Oration, after the Oration, you, as Chief you, as Chief Executive of the Executive of the nation, formally set nation, formally set apart these grounds apart these grounds to their sacred use by to their sacred use by a few appropriate a few appropriate remarks.”remarks.”

• Lincoln invited 17 Lincoln invited 17 days before- 2 minute days before- 2 minute speech- Was he speech- Was he done?done?

Gettysburg AddressGettysburg Address• Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a

new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. are created equal.

• Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

• But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate -- we can not consecrate -- we can not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, not hallow -- this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us -- that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these gave the last full measure of devotion -- that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new dead shall not have died in vain -- that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the birth of freedom -- and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. people, shall not perish from the earth.

There he is!There he is!

2007 find2007 find

Criticism?Criticism?

• Lincoln argued that secession would "destroy" the Lincoln argued that secession would "destroy" the government, but such an argument was simply government, but such an argument was simply foolish. ... It was equally absurd for Lincoln to argue foolish. ... It was equally absurd for Lincoln to argue that representative government would "perish from that representative government would "perish from the earth" if the Southern states were allowed to the earth" if the Southern states were allowed to secede peacefully. In the Gettysburg Address, secede peacefully. In the Gettysburg Address, Lincoln claimed that the war was being fought in Lincoln claimed that the war was being fought in defense of government by consent, but in fact defense of government by consent, but in fact exactly the opposite was true: the Federal exactly the opposite was true: the Federal government under Lincoln sought to deny government under Lincoln sought to deny Southerners the right of government by consent, Southerners the right of government by consent, for they certainly did not consent to remaining in for they certainly did not consent to remaining in the Union the Union

More Good News More Good News • GRANT at GRANT at

VicksburgVicksburg

GRANT IS THE MAN!GRANT IS THE MAN!

• TOTAL WAR!TOTAL WAR!

• ““Tell me what Tell me what brand of whiskey brand of whiskey that Grant drinks. that Grant drinks. I would like to I would like to send a barrel of it send a barrel of it to my other to my other generals.”- generals.”- Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

SHERMAN SHERMAN takes over in takes over in SouthSouth

1864 election-Mc Clellan is 1864 election-Mc Clellan is back!back!

““Don’t Change Horses in Don’t Change Horses in Midstream”Midstream”

The ResultsThe Results

Finishing the job…Finishing the job…• The Wilderness The Wilderness

CampaignCampaign

Lincoln strolls through Lincoln strolls through RichmondRichmondApril 4, 1865April 4, 1865

Appomattox Court HouseAppomattox Court House

• April 9April 9thth, 1865, 1865

Ford’s TheaterFord’s Theater

"Now he "Now he belongs to the belongs to the ages" ages"

• Edwin Edwin Stanton- Stanton- Sec of Sec of WarWar

John Wilkes BoothJohn Wilkes Booth

““With every man's hand against me, I am here in With every man's hand against me, I am here in despair. And why; For doing what Brutus was despair. And why; For doing what Brutus was honored for ... And yet I for striking down a greater honored for ... And yet I for striking down a greater tyrant than they ever knew am looked upon as a tyrant than they ever knew am looked upon as a common cutthroat”common cutthroat”

Jefferson Davis captured-May 10, Jefferson Davis captured-May 10, 1865 1865

Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis

• Two years in prisonTwo years in prison

• Died 1889Died 1889

• Citizenship-1977 Citizenship-1977

Jimmy CarterJimmy Carter

• First Monday in June- Southern HolidayFirst Monday in June- Southern Holiday

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

• President of Washington President of Washington (and Lee) College(and Lee) College

• Died in 1870Died in 1870

• Pardoned in 1975-Pardoned in 1975-restored citizenship-restored citizenship-Gerald FordGerald Ford

1414thth Amendment Amendment

• Section 3.Section 3. No one shall be a Senator or No one shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.each House, remove such disability.

MEANWHILE…the north was MEANWHILE…the north was busy!busy!

• Morrill Tariff-35%Morrill Tariff-35%

• Homestead Act-Homestead Act-"Go West, young man, and "Go West, young man, and grow up with the country."grow up with the country." (Horace Greeley) (Horace Greeley)

• Morrill ActMorrill Act

• War bonds and other war initiativesWar bonds and other war initiatives

Would Lincoln be a republican Would Lincoln be a republican or democrat today?or democrat today?

Lastly…Civil War?Lastly…Civil War?