abraham lincoln & the press

16

Upload: illinois-press-association

Post on 11-Mar-2016

218 views

Category:

Documents


1 download

DESCRIPTION

Lincoln tab for newspapers

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

� �� �����

���������������

������������������������ �������������� ������� �����

����� �������������������

Page 2: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

We are pleased to bring you this special publication, which recognizes the close relationship that our 16thpresident, Abraham Lincoln, had with newspapers. Lincoln’s interest in newspapers went much further thanunderstanding of how these publications could help him with his political aspirations. Lincoln loved reading,and he used newspapers to quench his thirst for learning.

Newspapers in Lincoln’s day published news from abroad, poetry, fiction, jokes and information about nation-al, state and local politics. As you will find in this publication, Lincoln also wrote for newspapers, sold sub-scriptions and even owned his own press at one time. Incredibly, he was challenged to a duel to the death overan article he had written anonymously. As president, Lincoln accommodated and courted the press. Helikened journalists to soldiers who had to go where they were sent to do their jobs. “The press has no betterfriend than I am,” he said.

Many of the newspapers in the mid-1800s were biased toward one political party or another, which is whyso many newspaper names today include words like “Democrat,” “Republican” and “Whig.” Inside this publica-tion, you’ll see how some of the newspapers portrayed Lincoln through their editorial cartoons; you might besurprised to see how some skewered him while others praised him. And, you’ll find a few stories directly fromIllinois newspapers. You can find more online at www.illinoispress.org/Lincoln.

Sincerely,

Your local publisher

� � � � � �

������ ��������

��������

������� �������� ��������� ��������

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � ��

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� �

� � � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � �� � � �

� � �� � � �

� � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� �

� � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � �

� � �� � �

� � � � �� � � � ��2>65��9:428@�&C6DD���*C:3F?6��5:E@C� @D6A9

#65:==�:D�E9@F89E�E@�36�369:?5�E96�2=E6C:?8�@7�E9:DA9@E@��*92ERD��3C292>�":?4@=?�C625:?8�2�?6HDA2�A6C��3FE�E96�?6HDA2A6C�:D�?@E�C62==J�E96�&C6DD��*C:3F?6��":?4@=?�H2D�2�DF3D4C:36C�2?5�@H6D�9:D?@>:?2E:@?�7@C�AC6D:56?E�2E�=62DE�:?�A2CE�E@�#65:==�3FE�E96�?2>6�@7�E96�?6HDA2A6C�H2D�DFA6C:>A@D65@G6C�E92E�@7�2?@E96C�?6HDA2A6C��E96��6C>2?�=2?�8F286�)E22ED�/6:EF?8�:?��9:428@��

":?4@=?�@H?65�9:D�@H?��6C>2?�=2?8F286�A2A6C7@C�2H9:=6�N�E96��==:?@:D�)E22ED��?K6:86C���6�96=5�2���>@CE8286�7@C�E96�?6HDA2A6C��*96�4@?EC24E�C625E92E�E96�AF3=:42E:@?�925�E@�DFAA@CE�(6AF3=:42?�42FD�6D�@C�":?4@=?�4@F=5�4=2:>�:ED�AC6DD��

.@F�42?�C625�>@C6�23@FE�#65:==�2?5�E96�)E22ED��?K6:86C�@?�E96�7@==@H:?8�A286D�

��!%!�+���!*���$%� �!#���!����%�! ���$���(�%��"�#��$$�! �� ������*� !%����#�"#!�&����(�%�!&%��)"#�$$�(#�%%� �"�#��$$�! �

‘The press has no better friend than I am’

���&731"1&23��/��%5$"4*0/�120+&$4#205()4�40�905�#9�4)*3�/&731"1&2

"/%�4)&

*/�1"24/&23)*1�7*4)

'5/%&%�#9�4)*3�/&731"1&2�"/%�4)&

����!����;�����������������"����������������;��������������#

� ���������� %!�����$��!# ���&$����#������� �!� �!����%�! ��&#�%!#����#������� �!� ��#�$��� %����

���#�#*����&$�&�

�������������+�!"*#���%���!*���$%� �!#���!����%�! ���$��(�%��"�#��$$�! �� �������*� !%����#�"#!�&����(�%�!&%

�)"#�$$�(#�%%� �"�#��$$�! �

��������������)��#"%����#!����#������� �!� �����#�$$��!#%#��%��*���#��#%���%�� ���+������!#������ �'�#$�%*

�#�$$���$���(�%��"�#��$$�! �

�������� �������#�$��� %�� ��� !�$��#�$$��$$!���%�! ���� �����������#�$��� %�� ��� !�$��#�$$��!& ��%�!

������������������)��&%�'���#��%!#���� ���������#��%!#�!���!& ��%�! ��������#���#'���$

������ ���������%!#��������� ��� ��������������������� ������

" � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � �

�C@F89E�E@�J@F�3J�J@FC�=@42=

$�-)&�&�(

Page 3: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

��

� � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � �

� � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � � �� � � �� � � � �

��$ � � � � �

� � �� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � �� � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � �� � � � �

�� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �� � � � �� � � � �

�������� ��������� �������� ������� � � � � �

�3C292>� ":?4@=?� H2D� H92EE@52J� >:89E� 36� C676CC65� E@� 2D� 2O?6HDA2A6C�;F?<:6�P��6�H2D�2�G@C2�4:@FD�C6256C�2?5�2�DE2F?49�DFAA@CE�6C�@7�E96�7C66�6IAC6DD:@?�@7�@A:?:@?�2?5� 9:D� A@=:E:42=� 42C66C� H2D� :?E6C�EH:?65�H:E9�?6HDA2A6CD��#@C6� E92?� 2� C6256C�� ":?4@=?�� 2E

E:>6D��H2D�2�?6HDA2A6C�HC:E6C��DF3�D4C:AE:@?�D2=6D>2?��65:E@C�2?5�6G6?2?�@H?6C�@7�2�?6HDA2A6C���6�C6=:65@?�C6A@CE6CD��65:E@CD�2?5�AF3=:D96CDE9C@F89@FE� 9:D� A@=:E:42=� ;@FC?6J� E@96=A�9:>�4@??64E�E@�E96�G@E6CD��:D�?6HDA2A6C�>:DD:G6D�6G6?�=65

E@� 2� O5F6=� E@� E96� 562E9P� 492==6?86�H9:49��2D�56D4C:365�=2E6C��H2D�2G6CE�65�:?�A2CE�5F6�E@�E96�A=625:?8�@7�2?65:E@C�":?4@=?RD�=@G6�@7�?6HDA2A6CD�H2D

6G:56?E� E9C@F89@FE� 9:D� 42C66C�� �DA@DE>2DE6C�:?�$6H�)2=6>��96�H@F=5C625� ?6HDA2A6CD� 7C@>� 5:776C6?EA2CED�@7�E96�4@F?ECJ�E92E�42>6�E@�9:DDFCAC:D:?8=J� H6==�65F42E65�� 6G6?D@A9:DE:42E65�� �==:?@:D� G:==286�� �DAC6D:56?E�� ":?4@=?� D@>6E:>6DH@F=5� DE6A� @FED:56� E96� -9:E6�@FD6�2?5�2D<�2�DE2CE=65�A2DD6C3J�E@D6?5� E96� 4@C?6C� ?6HD3@JD� FA� E96

DEC66E�E@�9:D�7C@?E�5@@C���$6HDA2A6CDD6CG65� 2D� ":?4@=?RD�H:?5@H� E@� E96H@C=5��?� 2� =64EFC6� E@� 9:D� ?6:893@CD� :?

)AC:?87:6=5� =@?8� 367@C6� 96� 3642>6?2E:@?2==J�<?@H?��":?4@=?�D2:5��O�E=6?8E9� AC:?E:?8� 42>6�� �E� 82G6� E6?E9@FD2?5�4@A:6D�@7�2?J�HC:EE6?�>2E�E6C� BF:E6� 2D� 4962A=J� 2D� E6?� H6C68:G6?� 367@C6�� 2?5� 4@?D6BF6?E=J� 2E9@FD2?5�>:?5D�H6C6� 3C@F89E� :?E@E96�7:6=5�H96C6�H2D�3FE�@?6�367@C6�*9:D�H2D�2�8C62E�82:?�M�2?5�9:DE@CJD9@HD�2�8C62E�492?86�4@CC6DA@?5:?8E@�:E�M�:?�A@:?E�@7�E:>6����H:==�G6?EFC6

E@�4@?D:56C�:E�E96�ECF6�E6C>:?2E:@?�@7E92E�A6C:@5�42==65�E96�Q52C<�286D�RP

�����������������$6HDA2A6CD� :?� ":?4@=?RD� 52J

H6C6�277:=:2E65�H:E9�A@=:E:42=�A2CE:6D�$6HDA2A6C�?2>6D�H:E9�H@C5D�DF492D� O(6AF3=:42?�P� O�6>@4C2E�P� 2?5O-9:8P� 2==� A@:?E65� E@H2C5� E9@D6277:=:2E:@?D���642FD6�@7�E92E�A2CE:D2?�D9:A�� 6G6?� D>2==� E@H?D� 7C6BF6?E=J925� EH@� @C� >@C6� ?6HDA2A6CD�*@52J�� >2?J� @7� E9@D6� ?6HDA2A6CD

�##����������*)�+ $#��� � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � �

�+,4� &$35110� %:� �+1/$4� �$45� ,..6453$5(4� +18� 5+(� �135+� $0'� 5+(� �165+� ',))(3('� ,0� 5+(,3� 7,(84� 1)�,0&1.0>4�(.(&5,10�,0��������5�$22($3('�,0�5+(��(8�#13-��..6453$5('��(84��$3&+����������+(��165+�7,(8('5+(�(.(&5,10�$4�$�'(&.$3$5,10�1)�8$3�8+,.(�5+(��135+�$05,&,2$5('�2($&(����$35110�&1635(4:�1)�5+(��%3$+$/�,0&1.0��3(4,'(05,$.��,%3$3:����64(6/��

�����

What is an issue that

divides Americans today?

Can you draw cartoons

showing both

perspectives?

�������������� ���������������������������"����������������

Page 4: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

������ �������� ��������� �������� � � � � � �

������������� �����������!�� �����

2 � � � � ��

� � � � � �� � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �� � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � � �

� � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � � �

� � �� �

� � �� � � � � �

� � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � �� � � � �

� � � �� �

� � � � �� � �

� �� � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � �� � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

� �� � � � �

� �� � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � �� � � �

� � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� �� � ��� � �

� � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � ��

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � �

Page 5: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

�������������������������������������"��������

*96� �92>A2:8?� $6HD��2K6EE6RD�C@@ED�CF?�DEC2:89E�E@�E96-9:8� &2CEJ� @7� ":?4@=?�D� 6C2�� �J������ E96� A2A6C� H2D� 42==65� *96�6?EC2=� �==:?@:D� �2K6EE6�� 2?5":?4@=?�H2D�:ED�>2?����E�4=2:>D�E965:DE:?4E:@?�@7�36:?8�E96�7:CDE�A2A6C2?JH96C6� E@� 6?5@CD6� ":?4@=?� 7@CAC6D:56?E��62C?:?8�:ED�65:E@C�2�9:D�E@C:4�A@D:E:@?�:?�E96�":?4@=?�-9:E6�@FD6�

�3C292>�":?4@=?�925�2=H2JD366?�2�72G@C:E6�@7�E96�(6AF3=:42?D@7��92>A2:8?��@F?EJ��2D�H6==�2D2� G:==2:?� E@� E96� �6>@4C2ED� H9@DFAA@CE65� )E6A96?��@F8=2D�� *96AC@�D=2G6CJ� �6>@4C2E:4� A2A6C� :?E96� 4@F?EJ�� 42==65� %FC�@?DE:EFE:@?��FD65�G:CEF2==J�6G6CJ@AA@CEF?:EJ�E@�36=:EE=6�2?5�6>32C�C2DD� E96� 7FEFC6� AC6D:56?E�� �?�F8FDE� ������ 367@C6� ":?4@=?RD)6?2E6�4@?E6DE�282:?DE��@F8=2D��:EHC@E6�2�=6?8E9J�5:2EC:36�4=2:>:?8E92E�":?4@=?�925�5@?6�?@E9:?8�7@CE96�A6@A=6�@7��==:?@:D��

O�7�9:D�AF3=:4� 42C66C�92D�366?C6>2C<23=6� 7@C� 2?J� @?6� E9:?8>@C6�E92?�2?@E96C��:E�92D�366?�7@CE96�4@>A=6E6�32CC6??6DD�@7�C6DF=EDH9:49�92D�2EE6?565�:E��%7�?@�@E96C>2?� :?� E96� )E2E6� @7� �==:?@:D� H9@92D� 366?� 277@C565� 2D� 6?=2C865@AA@CEF?:E:6D�2D�#C��":?4@=?��42?:E�36� ECF=J�D2:5� E92E�96�92D� C62==J5@?6�2D�=:EE=6�8@@5�7@C�E96�)E2E6�2D#C��":?4@=?�P

�FE� ":?4@=?� H2D� H2C>=J6>3C2465�3J�*96��6?EC2=� �==:?@:D�2K6EE6�� �?� H92E� :D� AC@323=J� E96>@DE� 72>@FD� 65:E@C:2=� 6G6C� HC:E�E6?� :?� 2� �92>A2:8?�+C32?2

� � � � � � � �������� ��������� ��������� ������

� � � ��

92G6� 366?� 4@>3:?65� 2?5� >2J� ?@=@?86C�2DD@4:2E6�H:E9�2�A@=:E:42=�3:2D�3FE� E9@D6� @=5� 277:=:2E:@?D� 2C6� @7E6?DE:==�7@F?5�:?�E96�?2>6D�@7�E96�?6HD�A2A6CD�� �@C� 6I2>A=6�� *96� 'F:?4J�6C2=5�-9:8��E96�#24@FA:?��@F?EJ�6>@4C2E��?BF:C6C� :?� �2C=:?G:==6�*96��2K6EE6��6>@4C2E�:?��??2�2?5E96� �FC62F� �@F?EJ� (6AF3=:42?� :?&C:?46E@?�

":?4@=?�C62=:K65�E92E�G@E6CD�4@F=5

36� 4@?G:?465� 2E� E92E� E:>6� :?� @?=JEH@�H2JD�M�3J�G@:46�� 2D� :?�5632E6D@C�=64EFC6D��2?5�3J�E96�AC6DD��O&F3=:4@A:?:@?� :?� E9:D� 4@F?ECJ� :D� 6G6CJ�E9:?8�P�":?4@=?�C6>2C<65�

�642FD6� E96� ?6HDA2A6CD� H6C6277:=:2E65�H:E9�A@=:E:42=�A2CE:6D��D@>6H6C6�AC@�":?4@=?�H9:=6�@E96CD�H6C6282:?DE�":?4@=?��*96��9:428@��2:=J&C6DD� �� *C:3F?6� 2?5� E96� )2?82>@ @FC?2=�� 7@C� :?DE2?46�� H6C6� AC@�":?4@=?��*96��9:428@�*:>6D�2?5�E96�==:?@:D�)E2E6�(68:DE6C�:?�)AC:?87:6=5

H6C6� 2?E:�":?4@=?�� *@� E9:D� 52J�� E96>@56C?��9:428@� *C:3F?6� DE:==� 4@>�A6E6D� H:E9� H92E� :D� ?@H� 42==65� E96�9:428@� )F?�*:>6D�� �?� )AC:?87:6=5�E96� �==:?@:D� )E2E6� @FC?2=� 2?5� E96�==:?@:D� )E2E6� (68:DE6C� 92G6� =@?8366?� ;@:?65� 2D� *96� )E2E6� @FC?2=�(68:DE6C��

�642FD6�?6HDA2A6CD�:?�":?4@=?RD52J�H6C6�A@=:E:42=�@C82?D��E96:C�65:�E@C:2=D� 2?5� A@=:E:42=� 42CE@@?D� H6C6@7E6?� 92CD9� @?� 42?5:52E6D� E96J@AA@D65��*96� �==:?@:D�)E2E6�(68:DE6C

42==65�":?4@=?�OE96�:?67723=6�56DA@E�H9@��3J�D@>6�:?D4CFE23=6�5:DA6?D2�E:@?�@7�AC@G:56?46��AC6D:56D�@G6C�E9656DE:?:6D�@7�E9:D�G2DE�C6AF3=:4�P�*96 @FC?2=� C6DA@?565� 3J� 42==:?8� E96(68:DE6CRD� 65:E@C� OE96� 286?E� @7� 677�2G:D� H9@� AC6D:56D� @G6C� E96�@AA6C9625� D966E� :?� E9:D� 4:EJ�P� ��OD966EP�:D�2?@E96C�?2>6�7@C�2�?6HD�A2A6C�� 6776CD@?��2G:D�H2D�)64C6E2CJ@7� -2C� 7@C� E96� +?:E65� )E2E6D� 2?5

�##� ���������*)�+ $#��

��������

�##� ���������*)�+ $#��

�5�),345�*.$0&(��5+,4�&$35110�/$:�$22($3�60).$55(3,0*�51�5+(�/1'(30�(:(��2(3+$24�(7(0�3(/,0,4&(05�1)�$0&,(055,/(4�8+(0�5+(�+($'4�1)�(0(/,(4�8(3(�/1605('�10�2,-(4���,5.('�;��=�$,.>��.'�"(45(30��(05.(/$0�<�5+,4�,/$*('3$80�%:� �3$0-��(..(8� $0'�26%.,4+('� ,0� �6.:� ������ +(.2('��,0&1.0� ,0� +,4� &$/2$,*0� )13� 5+(�23(4,'(0&:���,4:165+)6.�813-� $4� $� ;3$,.� 42.,55(3<� $22($.('� 51� 5+(� 715(34�� ��1635(4:��%3$+$/��,0&1.0� �3(4,'(05,$.� �,%3$3:���64(6/��

�����

Who were ‘Jeff Davis’

and the Copperheads?

Who was Charles Blondin

and what was he known for?

Page 6: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

=2E6C� 6=64E65� AC6D:56?E� @7� E96�@?7656C2E6� )E2E6D� @7� �>6C:42��@AA6C9625�H2D�2�?:4<?2>6�8:G6?E@� $@CE96C?� �6>@4C2ED� H9@@AA@D65�E96��:G:=�-2C�

�642FD6� @7� 4@?EC2DE:?8� A@=:E:42=277:=:2E:@?D�� ?6HDA2A6CD� 4@G6C65":?4@=?�2?5�9:D�72>65�5632E6D�H:E9)E6A96?��@F8=2D�:?�G2DE=J�5:776C6?EH2JD���?�2?�677@CE�E@�>2<6�DFC6�9:DG:6HD�H6C6�C6AC6D6?E65�244FC2E6=J�

":?4@=?� D6?E� >2?J� O4@?7:56?E:2=P4@>>F?:42E:@?D�E@�?6HDA2A6C�65:�E@CD�� *96��9:428@� *:>6D� 5676?565:ED6=7� 3J� D2J:?8� O":?4@=?� 42??@EDA62<� 7:G6� 8C2>>2E:42=� D6?E6?46D:?�DF446DD:@?�P

��������������������":?4@=?� E@=6C2E65� 5:776C6?46D� @7

@A:?:@?� 3FE� 5C6H� E96� =:?6� 2E�H92E96�4@?D:56C65�E@�36�EC62D@?@FD�24ED��6� 6IA=2:?65� 9:D� 2EE:EF56� E@H2C5

DF49�2EE24<D�:?�2�4@>>F?:42E:@?�:?E96�>:55=6�@7� E96��:G:=�-2C��H96?G:4E@CJ� H2D� ?@E� 2E� 2==� 46CE2:?�� E@�6?�� @9?�#��)49@7:6=5�

O.@F� H:==� @?=J� 2CC6DE� :?5:G:5F�2=D�� 2?5� DFAAC6DD� 2DD6>3=:6D�� @C?6HDA2A6CD�� H96?� E96J� >2J� 36H@C<:?8� A2=A23=6� :?;FCJ� E@� E96#:=:E2CJ� :?�J@FC� 492C86�� 2?5� :?�?@@E96C� 42D6� H:==� J@F� :?E6C76C6� H:E9E96� 6IAC6DD:@?� @7� @A:?:@?� :?� 2?J

������� �������� ��������� �������� �������� ��������� ��������� �������

C � � � �

�� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � �

� � � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �

� ��

� � � � �� � � �

� � �� � �

� � �� � �

� � � � � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � �� � � � �

� � � � �� �� � � �

� � � �� � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �� � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � �� � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � �� � �� � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � ��

� � � � � �� � � � � �

� � �� � �

� � �� � � � �

� �� � �

� � � �� � � � �

��������

�##�������������*)�+ $#�

� � � �

� � � �� � � � ��

?6HDA2A6C��E96��2K6EE6�@?�#2J��������� 3642>6� E96� 7:CDE� A2A6C� E@6?5@CD6�":?4@=?�7@C�E96�AC6D:56?�4J��*96�A2A6C�925�2�4:C4F=2E:@?�@723@FE� ��� 2E� E92E� E:>6�� -C:EE6?3J� ���J62C�@=5� �2K6EE6� 65:E@C-:==:2>� %D3@C?� )E@552C5� �H9@=2E6C� H2D� 9:C65� 3J� &C6D:56?E":?4@=?�E@�364@>6�@?6�@7�9:D�E9C66AC:G2E6�D64C6E2C:6D���E96�EH@�A2C2�8C2A9�65:E@C:2=�D2:5�

O-6�925�E96�A=62DFC6�@7�:?EC@�5F4:?8� E@� E96�9@DA:E2=:E:6D�@7�@FCD2?4EF>� 2� 76H� 52JD� D:?46� E96�@?���3C292>�":?4@=?���6H�>6?42?� >2<6� 2?� 9@FC� A2DD� 2H2J>@C6� 28C6623=J�� -6� 5@� ?@E� AC6�E6?5� E@� <?@H� H96E96C� #C�":?4@=?� H:==� 6G6C� 4@?56D46?5� E@@44FAJ� E96� -9:E6� �@FD6� @C� ?@E�3FE�:7�96�D9@F=5��:E�:D�2�4@>7@CE�E@<?@H� E92E�96�92D� 6DE23=:D965� 7@C9:>D6=7� 2� 492C24E6C� 2?5� C6AFE2�E:@?�@7�DF77:4:6?E�DEC6?8E9�2?5�A2C�:EJ� E@�H:E9DE2?5� E96�5:DC6AFE23=62?5�4@CCFAE:?8�:?7=F6?46D�@7�6G6?E92E�=@42=:EJ�

O$@� >2?� :?� E96� -6DE� 2E� E96AC6D6?E� E:>6� @44FA:6D� 2� >@C66?G:23=6�A@D:E:@?�367@C6� E96�A6@�A=6��@C� DE2?5D�2�36EE6C�492?46� 7@C@3E2:?:?8� 2� 9:89�A@D:E:@?� 2>@?8E9@D6�E@�H9@D6�8F:52?46�@FC�D9:A@7�DE2E6�:D�E@�36�6?ECFDE65�P

)E@552C5� D6?E� 4@A:6D� @7� E92E65:E:@?� E@� �� @E96C� ?6HDA2A6CD�O*96?���H2:E65�E@�D66�E96�C6DF=E�@7>J� 6IA6C:>6?E� 2?5� :E� 2=E@86E96CDFCAC:D65� >6�P� 96� C642==65� >@C6E92?���J62CD�=2E6C�7@C�E96��E=2?E:4#@?E9=J��O#2?J�@7� E96>�C6AC:?E�65� :E� :?� 7F==�� @C� ?62C=J� D@�� 2?5DHF?8�@FE�E96�?2>6�@7�":?4@=?�2EE96:C�4@=F>?�9625D�P

�6� D2:5� 96� 925� 7:CDE� >6E":?4@=?�2E�E96�?6HDA2A6C�@77:46�:?E96� 72==� @7� ������ O#C�� ":?4@=?8C66E65�>6�4@C5:2==J�2?5�A=F?8652E�@?46�:?E@�E96�42FD6D�@7�9:D�4@>�:?8�P� )E@552C5� C642==65�� O�?� 2>:?FE6� 96� 925� >6� ?@E� @?=J566A=J� :?E6C6DE65� 3FE� D@>6H92E2DE@?:D965�� �� DFAA@D65� E92E� �<?6H� E96�A6@A=6�2?5� E96�A@=:E:4D@7� E92E� 4@F?EJ�� 96� 925� 366?� E@=5E92E���5:5��3FE�D@�5:5�96���6�4@F=52D<� 23@FE� E96� 5:776C6?E� AC64:?4ED2?5�E96:C�=625:?8�>6?�2=>@DE�2D�:796�925�=:G65�2>@?8�E96>�P

�*%)�����*,#( )���/!'&-%#,�%#��#0-�� 1#..#

��������

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � �

�����

Who was

Charles Blondin

and what

was he known for?

Page 7: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

������������������������������������

*96� �2G:5D@?� 3C@E96CD� H9@C2?� *96� �F=E@?� �6>@4C2E� :?"6H:DE@H?� <?6H� 3@E9� �3C292>":?4@=?� 2?5� )E6A96?� �@F8=2DH6==�� 2>6D� �2G:5D@?� E2F89E>FD:4�E@�E96�":?4@=?�49:=5C6?

�FE� E96� �2G:5D@?D� H6C6DE2F?49��6>@4C2ED� 2?5� DFAA@CE�65��@F8=2D��*96�7:CDE�EH@�6I46CAED36=@H� 56>@?DEC2E6� E92E�� 3FE� 2=2E6C� A:646�� HC:EE6?� 3J� -�*��2G:5D@?� :?� ���� D9@HD� E92EE:>6�AFED�E9:?8D�:?�2�5:776C6?E�A6C�DA64E:G6�

�*/$&��#&��*/$0-/�)"3�4",&/�40�4)&$0/4&.14*#-&�#53*/&33�0'� -9*/(�"#054�05(-"3��$)"2(*/(�)*.�7*4)�$0/31*2�"$9� 40� 06&24)207� '2&&� (06&2/.&/4"/%�4)&�$0/34*454*0/��)&�)"3�2&/%&2&%)*.3&-'� 30� 1&2'&$4-9� 0%*053� 40� 4)&."33&3�� 4)"4� #54� -*44-&� "44&/4*0/� *31"*%�40�)*3�$0.*/(�02�(0*/(��02�"/9�4)*/(� "#054� )*.�� �52� '5--� 34"''!� 0'2&1024&23�7&2&�0/�4)&�(205/%�&"2-9�0/�5&3%"9�40�.",&�"�'5--�&34*."4&�0'�"--4)&�4&".3�0'�1&01-&�7)0�$".&�*/�120�$&33*0/� 40� <"44&/%� >�)&� (2"/%�*/$0-/� 1001?� '*::-&�=� �)&� '0--07*/(*3� "� 425&� 2&1024�� 0/-9� 0/&�%&-&("4*0/40� 7&-$0.&� �*/$0-/�� �#&� �*/$0-/��"+�� �"-,&2�� ����� �20$402�� "/04)&2."/�� � � )023&.&/�� ��� 7"(0/3� "/%#5((*&3�� ����.&/�� 70.&/� "/%� $)*-�%2&/��%0(3�/04�$05/4&%��

�F8FDE���������

�"*%�0/&�0'�4)&�7*3&34�"/%�#&34�0'052� 34"4&� 0''*$*"-3� "4� �12*/('*&-%� 4)&04)&2� %"9�� <�)&��5-40/��&.0$2"4� *34)&� 0/-9� 1"1&2� */� 4)&� 34"4&� 4)"4� )"3'20.� 4)&� $0..&/$&.&/4� 0'� 4)*3�7"2/04�'"*-&%�"4�"/9�4*.&�40�"%60$"4&�*431203&$54*0/=� "/%� 7&� "3,� /0� )*()&2

7@C>�� @C� 2==@H� :E� E@� 36� :?E6C76C65H:E9�G:@=6?E=J�3J�@E96CD�

O�?�E9:D��J@F�92G6�2�5:D4C6E:@?�E@6I6C4:D6� H:E9� 8C62E� 42FE:@?�� 42=>�?6DD��2?5�7@C362C2?46�P

)6G6C2=�9F?5C65D�@7�?6HDA2A6CDH6C6�E6>A@C2C:=J�DFAAC6DD65�3J�E9625>:?:DEC2E:@?�� :?4=F5:?8� E96 @?6D3@C@89� �?@H� @?6D3@C@��2K6EE6� :?� )@FE96C?� �==:?@:D�� �=D@DFDA6?565�3C:67=J�H2D� E96��9:428@

*:>6D�� ":?4@=?� 9:>D6=7� C6D4:?565E96� @C56C� 2?5� E92E� 6?565� E96�AC24�E:46�@7�DFDA6?5:?8�E96�AC6DD��

*96� >@DE� 4@>>@?� C62D@?� E9625>:?:DEC2E:@?� 4=@D65� ?6HDA2A6CDH2D� 7@C� :?E6C76C:?8� H:E9� E96� 5C27E�6:E96C� 3J� 5:D4@FC28:?8� >6?� 7C@>D:8?:?8� FA�� 6?4@FC28:?8� C6D:DE2?46@C� 6G6?� A9JD:42==J� :?E6C76C:?8� 2E5C27E�C68:DEC2E:@?�D:E6D�

*96� $6H� .@C<� -@C=5� 2?5� E96 @FC?2=� @7� �@>>6C46� H6C6� D9FE5@H?�3642FD6�E96J�AF3=:D965�2�72<6

AC@4=2>2E:@?� :?� ":?4@=?RD� ?2>6�*96�AC@4=2>2E:@?� 42==65� 7@C� 2�5C27E@7� ��� >6?� :?E@� E96��C>J� 2?5>2J� 92G6� 366?� A2CE� @7� 2� A=@E� E@:?5F46�C:@E:?8��":?4@=?�@C56C65�E92EE96� ?6HDA2A6C� @77:46D� 36� E2<6?� 3J>:=:E2CJ�7@C46�

�������"���������������":?4@=?� 24EF2==J� @H?65� 2� ?6HD�

A2A6C�3C:67=J�M�2�=:EE=6�<?@H?�492A�E6C� :?� 9:D� 42C66C� 2?5� @?6� E92E� 96

56=:36C2E6=J� <6AE� D64C6E� 7C@>� E96AF3=:4���E�H2D�E96��6C>2?�=2?8F286�==:?@:D� )E22ED��?K6:86C� :?��9:428@�

�������� ��������� ��������� ������ � � � � � �

� �� � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � ��� � � � � � �

� � � � �� � �2C3FEE� 96=A65� C2:D6

� � � �� � � �

� � �� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � �� � � � �� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � �

� �� �

� � �2=D@�D6CG65�2D2� � � � �

� �� � � � �

� � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� �� �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

�� �

�����������

�##���� ���2��������*)�+ $#����$.,-8� �(731$1(23� 0-5.(� �

:�0182,*+4� ����� %8� 4+(� �--,/0,3� �2(33�05/'$4,0/�

��(/4(//,$-� �,34028� 0)� �--,/0,3�� 0-�� �����+(��2$�0)�4+(��,6,-�!$2�

�$.(3� �02/(-,53�� �%2$+$.� �,/&0-/�0--(&4,0/� �52$402�� �%2$+$.� �,/&0-/�2(3,'(/4,$-��,%2$28����53(5.

7 � � � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� �

� � � �� � � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � �� � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � �

�� � �

� � � � �� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � �

� � � �� � �

� � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � �

�##�����������*)�+ $#�

�+,4�&$35110�$0'�5+(�10(�10�5+(�12214,5(�2$*(�4+18��,0&1.0�,0�$�2126.$3�5+(/(�1)�%$.$0&,0*�10�$�%($/�13312(���0�5+(�46//(3�1)��������+$3.(4��.10',0�+$'�&3144('��,$*3$��$..4�10�$�������)115�.10*�5,*+5312(��41�5+(�&$3�51104�8(3(�$�21353$:$.�51�8+,&+�3($'(34�&16.'�3(.$5(���+(�,/$*(�10�5+(�.()5�$22($3('��6*�����������,0��$32(3>4"((-.:���+(�10(�$%17(�8$4�26%.,4+('��60(���������,0�!$0,5:��$,3���0�%15+�'3$8,0*4���,0&1.0�,4�4+180�&$33:,0*�$%.$&-�2(3410�8+,.(�8$.-,0*�$�),0(�.,0(����/$*(4�&1635(4:��%3$+$/��,0&1.0��3(4,'(05,$.��,%3$3:����64(6/��

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � �

Page 8: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

� � � � � ������� �������� ��������� ��������

������������� �����������!�� �����

+ � � � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �

� � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � �

� ��� � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � � � �

� � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � �� � �

� � � � �� � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � �� � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � �� � � � �� � � �

� � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � �� � � �� � �

� � �� � � � � �

� � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �

� �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � �

Page 9: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

�������� ��������� ��������� ������� � � � � � �

� � ��

+?56C�E96�D64C6E�4@?EC24E�HC:EE6?�3J":?4@=?�9:>D6=7��E96�?6HDA2A6C�H2DC6BF:C65�E@�6DA@FD6�E96�(6AF3=:42?=:?6�� �7� :E� 72:=65� E@� 5@� D@�� ":?4@=?4@F=5� C64=2:>� :ED� EJA6� 2?5� AC6DD�":?4@=?� A2:5� ��� 7@C� E96� ?6HDA2�A6C�

�67@C6� 96� H2D� :?2F8FC2E65&C6D:56?E��":?4@=?�D@=5�E96�?6HDA2�A6C� 324<� E@� &F3=:D96C� *96@5@C6�2?:D:FD� 2?5� =2E6C� ?2>65��2?:D:FD

E96��>6C:42?�4@?DF=�:?�,:6??2�

�����������������������������

�6� 2=D@� 4@==64E65� DF3D4C:AE:@?A2J>6?ED� 7@C� E96� )2?82>@� @FC?2=:?� )AC:?87:6=5� 2D� C676C6?465� @?� E967C@?E�A286�@7�E96�?6HDA2A6C�@?�%4E� ����� ���

-9:=6�D6CG:?8�2D�2�C6AC6D6?E2E:G6:?� E96� �==:?@:D� �6?6C2=� �DD6>3=J�":?4@=?� C6A@CE65� E96� 5@:?8D� @7� E96

DE2E6� =68:D=2EFC6� 7@C� E96� )2?82>@ @FC?2=�� �*@52J�� 96� H@F=5� 36C676CC65� E@� 2D� 2� ODEC:?86CP�@C� O7C66�=2?46CP�7@C�E96�?6HDA2A6C��

�?� ������ ":?4@=?� 2AA@:?E65� E96 @FC?2=RD�65:E@C��):>6@?��C2?4:D��2?�C>J� A2J>2DE6C�� �C@>� E96� -9:E6�@FD6��":?4@=?�HC@E6��O*96� @FC?2=A2A6C�H2D�2=H2JD�>J�7C:6?5��2?5��@74@FCD6� :ED� 65:E@CD� E96� D2>6�P� *96?6HDA2A6C�� ?@H�*96� )E2E6� @FC?2=�(68:DE6C�� DE:==� 42CC:6D� A2CE� @7� E92EBF@E6�@?�:ED�65:E@C:2=�A286�

�6�7C6BF6?E=J�H@F=5�HC:E6�=6EE6CDE@� E96� 65:E@C�� D@>6E:>6D� F?56C� 2?2DDF>65�?2>6��%?6�DF49� =6EE6C� =65E@�2�562E9�E9C62E�3J�5F6=��H9:49�H2D2G6CE65�A2CE=J�3J� E96�A=625:?8�@7�276H� 7C:6?5D� :?4=F5:?8� ?6HDA2A6C65:E@CD�

":?4@=?� >2J� ?@E� 92G6� E2<6?� E965F6=� D6C:@FD=J�� �7E6C� DF886DE:?83C@25� DH@C5D� 2D�H62A@?D�� 96� DF8�86DE65�� O�@H� 23@FE� 4@H� 5F?8� 2E

��� ���2�������

�##����������*)�+ $#���

$0.1-*.&/4� 3"*%� 0'� 052� 1"1&2�� 4)"/4)"4� *4� 01103&%� �*/$0-/?3� �#0-*4*0/�"2� F=J� �����

�*/$0-/��"9�;��#2")".��*/$0-/$".&�40��&7*3407/��"-30�'20.��"6"/"0/��5&3%"9�.02/*/(���5(��������$0.�.*44&&� )&"%&%� #9� �"+02� ��� �"-,&2"/%��0)/�����20$402�7&/4�1"24�0'�4)&7"9� 40� �"6"/"� 40� .&&4� )*.�� �)&2&7"3� 0/-9� 0/&� %&-&("4*0/� 0'� � � )023&�.&/� "/%� ��� 7"(0/3� "/%� #5((*&3��*2$5*4�$0524�7"3�*/�3&33*0/�"/%�4)&2&7&2&� "� (2&"4� ."/9� 1&01-&� 0/� 4)&342&&43�� �2�� �*/$0-/� 310,&� "4� � 1�.�34"/%*/(�#&47&&/�4)&�$&/42"-�1*--"23�0'4)&�0-%�$0524)053&�"/%�1033*#-9�40����02� ���"44&/4*6&�-*34&/&23��4�7"3�)&2&�4)"4��*/$0-/�%&-*6&2&%

4)&� (-07*/(� &5-0(9� 0/� 4)&�&$-"2"4*0/� 0'� �/%&1&/%&/$&� 7)*$)#9� 4)&� 35((&34*0/� 0'� �)&� �0/%0/�*.&3�)"3�#&$0.&�"/��/(-*3)�$-"33*$��4�"--�'&--�0/�%&"'��5/2&310/3*6&��5/"1�12&$*"4*6&� 305-3�� ;� �&7*3407/� ;�5-40/�$05/49�;%*%�/04�$0.12&)&/%4)"4��5/"7"2&3�� 4)&9�7&2&�&/4&24"*/�*/(� 4)&� .034� "/(&-*$� $)"2"$4&2�.&2*$"�� *'� /04� 4)&� 702-%�� )"3� &6&2120%5$&%�� �'� $0523&� �)&� �5-40/�&.0$2"4� %*%� /04� $0.12&)&/%� 4)*3-0/(�-&((&%�� 5/$054)�� %*''*%&/4�� 3&-'�%&1-02*/(� $2&"452&�� �)&� �&.0$2"43"*%�.&"/� 4)*/(3� 0'� �*/$0-/��7&� "2&"3)".&%� 40� $0/'&33�� �#2")".�*/$0-/� 35''&2&%� .02&� "#53&� "4� 4)&)"/%3� 0'� �&15#-*$"/3� 7)0� %*%� /04$0.12&)&/%� )*.� 4)"/� '20.� "--� 4)&�&.0$2"43�/024)�"/%� 3054)���&�)"%40�%*&�40�(&4�)*3�$207/���*3�'".&�7*--7*%&/�"/%�%&&1&/�7*4)�4)&�$&/452*&3*/�4)&�305-3�0'�.&/�7)0�31*4�0/�$0.�.&2$*"-�&81"/3*0/�"/%�2044&/�*.1&2*�"-*3.� "4� 4)&� &81&/3&� 0'� )5."/� '2&&�%0.�

2?F2CJ������

���������

�+,4�&$35110�,4�$��3,5,4+�(9$/2.(�5+$5�$22($3('��6.:���������,0�5+(��10'10��60&+���5�4+184��,0&1.0�$4�$�%$3�5(0'(3�/,9,0*�$�'3,0-�)31/�$�&62�.$%(.('�;7,&513:<�51�10(�.$%(.('�;'()($5<�8,5+�;�(8�#13-��3(44<�83,55(0�,0�5+('3,0-���+(�%155.(4�$3(�.$%(.('��1)5��$8'(3���60-6/���3$*�$0'��14+�8+,.(�$��(8�#13-��(3$.'�,4�10�5+(�%$3���+,4&:0,&$.� &$35110� ','� 015� $&&63$5(.:� 21353$:� 5+(� ,0).6(0&(� 1)� 5+(� �(8� #13-� 23(44� 10� 5+(� �,7,.�"$3�� ��1635(4:�%3$+$/��,0&1.0��3(4,'(05,$.��,%3$3:����64(6/��

�����

What do you suppose

“soft sawder,” “bunkum,”

“brag” and “bosh” mean?

Is this cartoon

favorable or unfavorable

toward Lincoln?

Page 10: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

� �� � �� � �

� � � �� � �

� � �� � �� � � �� � �� � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � �

� �

� � � � � � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � �� � � � � �

� � � �� �

� � �� � � �

� �� �

� � �� � � �

� � �� � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� �

� � � � �� � � �

� � �� � � �

� �� � � � �� � � �

� � � � �

� � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � �� � � �� � �

� � � � � ��������� �������� ��������� ��������

����������������������������������������

*96� &:<6� &C6DD�� &:EED7:6=5��H2D6DE23=:D965� :?������2D� E96�)F4<6C2?5� �2C>6CRD� (64@C5�� 65:E65� 3J#:4926=� ��$@J6D���

�E�H2D�DF4466565�:?������3J�E96�C66�&C6DD��65:E65�3J�/2492C:29�$��2C3FEE�� � �2C3FEE� 96=A65� C2:D6 @9?� ��� $:4@=2J�� H9@� DF44665659:>� 2D� 65:E@C�� $:4@=2J� >6E�3C292>� ":?4@=?� :?� &:EED7:6=5�2?5� H96?� ":?4@=?� C2?� 7@C� AC6D:�56?E� :?� ����� @9?� $:4@=2J3642>6�9:D�7:CDE�A2:5�6>A=@J66�

�E�H2D�$:4@=2JRD� C64@>>6?52�E:@?� E92E� ":?4@=?� 9:C6� @9?� �2J�H9@�2=D@�925�364@>6�24BF2:?E65H:E9� E96� 7FEFC6���E9�AC6D:56?E� :?&:EED7:6=5�� �@E9�$:4@=2J� 2?5��2J>@G65� E@� )AC:?87:6=5� AC:@C� E@�����2?5�3@E9�D6CG65�2D�":?4@=?RDAC:G2E6�D64C6E2C:6D�E9C@F89@FE�9:DAC6D:56?4J�� �?@E96C� &:<6�@F?E:2?�� �C:88DG:==6� C6D:56?E�92C=6D�&9:=3C:4<�� �2=D@�D6CG65�2D2� D64C6E2CJ� E@� ":?4@=?� 7C@>� ����F?E:=�9:D�2DD2DD:?2E:@?�

@9?� ��� $:4@=2J� HC@E6� @?6� @7E96�7:CDE�65:E@C:2=D�C64@>>6?5:?8�3C292>� ":?4@=?� 7@C� E96� AC6D:�56?4J�� *96C6� :D� 6G:56?46� E92E@E96C�F?D:8?65� 4@=F>?D� :?� 72G@C@7� ":?4@=?� :?� E96� &:<6� �@F?EJ @FC?2=� 2=D@� H6C6� HC:EE6?� 3J$:4@=2J�

*9C@F89@FE� ":?4@=?RD� AC6D:�56?4J�� $:4@=2J� 4@CC6DA@?565H:E9� *96C6?2� �2E6D� @7� &:EED7:6=5�*96� EH@� H6C6� >2CC:65� :?&:EED7:6=5� :?� ������ @9?� �2J� H2D@?6� @7� E96� H655:?8� 8F6DED�$:4@=2J�2?5��2J�=2E6C�4@==23@C2E�65� @?� E96� 7:CDE� >F=E:�G@=F>6":?4@=?�3:@8C2A9J�

�&"% #'��*,#)�� (+!#''��/!'&" .&*)-

� � � � � �

� � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � �� � �� � �

7:G6�A246D�P��FE�9:D� 7@6��DE2E6�2F5:�E@C� 2>6D� )9:6=5D�� 2� �6>@4C2E� 2?57C:6?5� @7� )E6A96?� �@F8=2D�� >2J92G6� 366?� >@C6� D6C:@FD� 2D� A=2?DH6C6�>256�E@�>66E�:?�#:DD@FC:�D:?465F6=:?8�H2D�:==682=�:?��==:?@:D�

":?4@=?� D@>6E:>6D� AC@@7C6252CE:4=6D�23@FE�9:>D6=7���@==@H:?8�9:D�@@A6C� +?:@?� 255C6DD� :?� ����":?4@=?� H6?E� E@� E96� $6H� .@C<*C:3F?6� E@�96=A�AC6A2C6� E96� DA6649

7@C� AC:?E:?8�� -96?6G6C� A@DD:3=6�":?4@=?� 4@CC64E65� E96� ?6HDA2A6CEJA6��42==65�82==6JD��@7�9:D�DA66496D367@C6� E96J� H6C6� AFE� :?E@� A6C>2�?6?E�AC:?E�:?�E96�A2A6CD�

������������������O�3C2>P� ":?4@=?� �2� >:DDA6==:?8

E92E� AFCDF65� 9:>� :?E@� E96� -9:E6�@FD6�� H2D� 7:CDE� >6?E:@?65� 2D� 2A@DD:3=6� 42?5:52E6� 7@C��@G6C?@C� @7�==:?@:D�H96?�96�H2D� @?=J� �� J62CD

@=5�� E9@F89� 2=C625J� 2� 7@FCE9�E6C>=68:D=2E@C��*96�:562�H2D�3C@24965�3JE96��F=E@?�*6=68C2A9�2?5�C6AC:?E65:?� E96� )2?82>@� @FC?2=�� %4E�� ��������

�?� ������ *96� �6?EC2=� �==:?@:D�2K6EE6� �?@H� *96� $6HD��2K6EE6��92>A2:8?�� H2D� E96� 7:CDE� E@6?5@CD6� ":?4@=?� 7@C� AC6D:56?E��5:E@C� -:==:2>� %D3@C?� )E@552C5�����HC@E6��O-6�925�E96�A=62DFC6�@7:?EC@5F4:?8� E@� E96�9@DA:E2=:E:6D�@7@FC�D2?4EF>�2�76H�52JD�D:?46�E96

�@?���3C292>�":?4@=?���6H�>6?42?�>2<6�2?�9@FC�A2DD�2H2J�>@C628C6623=J�� -6� 5@� ?@E� AC6E6?5� E@<?@H� H96E96C� #C�� ":?4@=?� H:==6G6C� 4@?56D46?5� E@� @44FAJ� E96-9:E6� �@FD6� @C� ?@E�� 3FE� :7� 96D9@F=5��:E�:D�2�4@>7@CE�E@�<?@H�E92E96� 92D� 6DE23=:D965� 7@C� 9:>D6=7� 2492C24E6C� 2?5� C6AFE2E:@?� @7� DF77:�4:6?E� DEC6?8E9�2?5�A2C:EJ� E@�H:E9�DE2?5� E96� 5:DC6AFE23=6� 2?5� 4@C�

��������

�##��������������*)�+ $#���

� � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � �

�0�&$351104�12214,0*��,0&1.0��%.$&-4�8(3(�1)5(0�21353$:('�$4�4$7$*(4��+(.2.(44�13�60,05(..,*(05���0�5+,4�2145(326%.,4+('�%:��633,(3����7(4��5+(�%.$&-�/$0�,0�5+(�/,''.(�,4�/1'(.('�$)5(3�$�&63,14,5:�,0�������$306/>4�&,3&64/64(6/�� �+(� /$0� 10� 5+(� .()5� ,4� �(8� #13-� �3,%60(� �6%.,4+(3� �13$&(� �3((.(:�� ��1635(4:� �%3$+$/� �,0&1.0�3(4,'(05,$.��,%3$3:����64(6/��

Page 11: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

� � � �� � �� � � �

� � �� � �

� � �� �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �� � �

� � �� � �

� � � �� � � �� � �

� �� � �

� � � � � �� � � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � � �

� � � � � �� � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � �������� ��������� ��������� �������

CFAE:?8� :?7=F6?46D� @7� 6G6?� E92E=@42=:EJ�P�

�������#2CJ� *@55� �H9@� H@F=5� =2E6C

364@>6� ":?4@=?RD� H:76�� 2?5� 96C7C:6?5�� F=:2� 2J?6��925�HC:EE6?�D6G�6C2=� D2E:C:42=� =6EE6CD� E@� E96� 65:E@CF?56C� E96� ?2>6� O(636442�P� *96JA@<65� 7F?� 2E� 2>6D� )9:6=5D��6>@4C2E� DE2E6� 2F5:E@C�� ":?4@=?

25565�7F6=� E@� E96� 7:C6�3J�HC:E:?8�2=6EE6C�E@�E96�65:E@C�7C@>�E96�>JE9:�42=� O"@DE� *@H?D9:A�P� 52E65� �F8����� ������ H9:49� H2D� 2� >:IEFC6� @7?@?D6?D6� 2?5� 244FD2E:@?� 282:?DE)9:6=5D�

�� 7C:6?5� @7� )9:6=5RD� 56>2?565E@� <?@H� H9@� 925� HC:EE6?� E96� =6E�E6CD��2?5�":?4@=?�E@@<�C6DA@?D:3:=:�EJ� 7@C� E96>�� )9:6=5D� E9C6H� @FE� 2492==6?86�E@�":?4@=?��H9@�DA64:7:6542G2=CJ�3C@25DH@C5D�@7�E96�=2C86DED:K6��*96�A=246�7@C�E96�5F6=�H2D�E@

36� H:E9:?� E9C66� >:=6D� @7��=E@?� @?E96�#:DD@FC:�D:56��36J@?5�E96�C6249@7��==:?@:D�=2H��

*96�AF3=:4� 7:CDE�962C5�23@FE� E965F6=�7C@>�2?�65:E@C:2=�:?�E96��=E@?*6=68C2A9�2?5��6>@4C2E:4�(6G:6H@7� %4E�� ��� ������ *96� ?6HDA2A6CHC@E6�� O-6� C64FC� E@� E9:D� >2EE6CH:E9� A2:?� 2?5� E96� 566A6DE� C68C6EP

�� ����������������������������������

�?� 2?� 65:E@C:2=� :?� #2J� ��>2C<:?8�E96���E9�2??:G6CD2CJ�@7E96� ���� (6AF3=:42?� $2E:@?2=�@?G6?E:@?�� E96��9:428@�*C:3F?6HC@E6� E92E� O�3C292>� ":?4@=?RD:>AC@323=6�?@>:?2E:@?�>:89E�36D2:5� E@� @H6� =6DD� E@� E96� 92?5� @7AC@G:56?46�E92?�2��9:428@�7:I�P

�9:428@� 925� @?=J� 23@FE� ���9@>6D�2E�E92E�E:>6��3FE�:E�H2D�9@>6E@�2�92?57F=�@7�92?5D6E�52:=J�?6HD�A2A6CD� :?4=F5:?8� E96� &C6DD� �*C:3F?6�65:E65�3J� @D6A9�#65:==��

#65:==� H6?E� E@� $6H� .@C<� E@=@33J� 7@C� E96� ���� (6AF3=:42?$2E:@?2=��@?G6?E:@?�E@�36�96=5�:?�9:428@��&C:@C� E@� E96�4@?G6?E:@?�E9@FD2?5D� @7� 4@F?E6C76:E� E:4<6EDH6C6� AC:?E65� 2?5� 92?565� @FE� E@A6@A=6� H9@� 4@F=5� D9@FE� @FE� 7@C":?4@=?�� #62?H9:=6�� 8C@FAD@AA@D:?8�":?4@=?�H6C6�A=2465� 2E@AA@D:E6� 6?5D� @7� E96� ���D62E2C6?2�� ?:4<?2>65� E96� -:8H2>�D@�E96:C�G@:46D�4@F=5�?@E�36�;@:?65E@86E96C�� *96� 92==� H2D� 92DE:=J3F:=E�2E�H92E�:D�?@H�E96�4@C?6C�@7-24<6C��C:G6�2?5�"2<6�)EC66E�

�ERD� F?4=62C� 9@H�>F49�@7� 2� C@==#65:==�A=2J65�:?�E96�A@=:E:42=�EC:4<�6CJ�2E� E96�-:8H2>��3FE�9:D�?6HD�A2A6C� AC:?E65� 2� DA64:2=� 7C@?E�A28632??6C� 2??@F?4:?8� O*96�-:??:?8#2?�N��3C292>�":?4@=?�P�2?5�96:D� 4C65:E65�H:E9� D64FC:?8� E96�%9:@G@E6�� H9:49� C6DF=E65� :?� ":?4@=?H:??:?8�E96�?@>:?2E:@?��%9:@�925366?� DFAA@CE:?8� )2=>@?�&���92D6�#65:==�� H:E9@FE� 2FE9@C:EJ� 7C@>":?4@=?��H9:DA6C65�E@�E96�%9:@�C6A�C6D6?E2E:G6�E92E�O$@H�:D�E96�E:>6���7J@F� E9C@H� E96� G@E6� E@� ":?4@=?��92D6� 42?� 92G6� 2?JE9:?8� 96H2?ED�P� �92D6� =2E6C� H2D� ?2>65)64C6E2CJ�@7�E96�*C62DFCJ�

#65:==� C6A@CE65=J� H2D� 369:?572<:?8� 2� A9@E@� E@� D9@H� ":?4@=?9@=5:?8�2�4@AJ�@7�9:D�?6HDA2A6C�*96� 24EF2=� ?6HDA2A6C� H2D� E96�6C>2?�=2?8F286� )E22ED�/6:EF?83FE� H2D� 2=E6C65� @?� E96� AC:?E� E@=@@<�=:<6�E96�&C6DD���*C:3F?6��

"2E6C� 244@F?ED� D9@H� E92E#65:==�H2D�D@>6E:>6D� :>A2E:6?E�6G6?� 7FC:@FD�� 23@FE� ":?4@=?RDD=@H� AC@8C6DD� 2?5� D@>6� @7� 9:D423:?6E� 2AA@:?E>6?ED���44@C5:?8E@� E96� ":?4@=?� �?DE:EFE6�O(6AF3=:42?� 65:E@CD�H6C6� 2�5:77:�4F=E�8C@FA�@7�A@=:E:42=�2?:>2=D� E@

� � � �

������������

�##������*)�+ $#���

�##��������*)�+ $#����0+/�����02(.$/��15%-,3+(2���+(��(73�

�$9(44(���+$.1$,*/�

? � � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �� � �

� � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � �

� �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � ��

� � � � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � �� �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � � � �� � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � �

�+,4��3,5,4+�&$35110�3().(&54��,0&1.0>4�$55(/25�51�)3((�4.$7(4�%:�%6:,0*�5+(/�)31/�5+(��165+���+(�&$25,10�+$'�,0&1.0��'3(44('�$4��%(310��8$05,0*�51�%6:�5+(�&+,.'�51�%(�+,4�;+(0&+/$0�<��+(��165+��3(23(4(05('�%:��,5$0,$�3(4210'4��;�(5�:163�+($35�$5�3(45���+(�0135+(30�.$0'�%6:4�015�5+,4�0(*31�&+,.'�)31/�/(�<��+(�&$35110�$22($3('�23,.���������,0�5+(��10'10��60&+���1635(4:��%3$+$/��,0&1.0��3(4,'(05,$.��,%3$3:����64(6/�

Page 12: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

���

� �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � �� � � ���E�4=2:>D�E96

5 � � � � �� � � �� � � � �

� � � � �

� � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � �� � �

� � �� � �

� � � �� � � �

� � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � � � �

�� � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � �

�������� �������� ��������� �������� �������� ��������� ��������� ������

������������� �����������!�� �����

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � �� � �

� �� � � �� � � �

� � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� �� � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � ��

� � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �

� � � �

� � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

Page 13: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

� � � � � �������� ��������� �������� �������

� � � ��

2D� 3@E9� >6?� 925� 366?� =@?8�E:>67C:6?5D��

�D� E96� A=2?D� 7@C� E96� 5F6=� AC@�8C6DD65�� ?F>6C@FD� ?@E6D� H6C6A2DD65� 36EH66?� A2CE:6D� 3J� 7C:6?5D2596C:?8�E@�2�DEC:4E�4@56�@7�4@?5F4E7@C�DF49�>2EE6CD���>@?8�E96�?@E6D�":?4@=?�7:CDE�H2D�4@J�23@FE�E96�=6E�E6CD�E@�E96�65:E@C���6�=2E6C�25>:EE65E@� HC:E:?8� E96� =6EE6C� >2C<65� E96O"@DE�*@H?D9:AP�2?5�D2:5�96�5:5�D@

OH9@==J� 7@C� A@=:E:42=� 67764EP� 2?5O925� ?@� :?E6?E:@?� @7� :?;FC:?80)9:6=5DR1�A6CD@?2=�@C�AC:G2E6�492C�24E6C� LP� �6� 6IAC6DD65� DFCAC:D6E92E�)9:6=5D�925�C624E65�E96�H2J�965:5�

�FE� E96�?@E6D� 2=D@� C6G62=65� E92E":?4@=?�H@F=5�?@E�324<�5@H?�7C@>E96�7:89E���6�6IAC6DD65�E92E�96�H2D@AA@D65� E@� E96� 5F6=� 2?5� H@F=52G@:5�:E�:7�96�4@F=5�5@�D@�H:E9�5:8�?:EJ���FE�:7�E96C6�H2D�?@�2=E6C?2E:G6�96�H@F=5�7:89E��

�D�H@C5�@7�E96�A6?5:?8�5F6=�4:C�4F=2E65��E96�>6?�3642>6�762C7F=�@736:?8�2CC6DE65��D@�E96J�=67E�E@H?�:?AC6A2C2E:@?� 7@C� E96� 7:89E�� ":?4@=?28C665� E@� @H?�FA� E@� E96� =6EE6CD� E@E96� 65:E@C� :7� )9:6=5D� H@F=5� H:E9�5C2H�9:D� 492==6?86���6� E96?�5C6HFA� CF=6D� E@� 36� 7@==@H65� :?� 42D6)9:6=5D�A6CD:DE65�H:E9�E96�5F6=�

-62A@?D� H6C6� E@� 36� DH@C5D6BF2=�:?�D:K6�2?5�H6:89E�2?5�4@>�

����������������������������"������

*96� (6AF3=:42?� &2CEJ� :?�==:?@:D� @H6D� 2E� =62DE� A2CE� @7� :ED7@F?5:?8�E@�?6HDA2A6CD��

�44@C5:?8�E@�2��� �9:DE@CJ�@7E96��==:?@:D�&C6DD��DD@4:2E:@?��65:�E@CD� >6E� E@� 5:D4FDD� E96:C� @H?2DD@4:2E:@?�2D�62C=J�2D��������2C=J>66E:?8D� H6C6� 96=5� :?)AC:?87:6=5�� 2?5� 2E� =62DE� D@>6� @7E96>�H6C6�2EE6?565�3J��3C292>":?4@=?RD� 7C:6?5D��):>6@?��C2?4:D@7� E96� �==:?@:D� )E2E6� @FC?2=� 2?5�6@C86�)49?6:56C�@7�E96��6C>2?�=2?8F286� )E22ED�/6:EF?8� :?�9:428@��$@�5@F3E�E92E�@E96CD� :?2EE6?52?46�H6C6�24BF2:?E65�H:E9":?4@=?�2D�H6==�

�?� ����� >66E:?8� H2D� 96=5� :?�642EFC� 2?5� H2D� 4@>AC:D65� @765:E@CD� @AA@D65� E@� E96� !2?D2D�$63C2D<2�3:==��H9:49�":?4@=?�2=D@@AA@D65�� *92E� >66E:?8� O:?7=F�6?465� :?� 2� 4@?DA:4F@FD� H2J� E96A@=:E:42=�>66E:?8�:?�E96�7@==@H:?8#2J� 2E� �=@@>:?8E@?� H96?� E96)E2E6�(6AF3=:42?�&2CEJ�H2D�@C82�?:K65�P

)6G6C2=� ?6HDA2A6CD� 2=C625J925�A@=:E:42=�A2CE:6D�:?�E96:C�?2>6:?4=F5:?8� O�6>@4C2EP� 2?5O-9:8�P� $@H�� D6G6C2=� 6:E96C25565� E96�H@C5�O(6AF3=:42?P� E@E96:C� ?2>6D� @C� H6C6� DE2CE65� E@DFAA@CE� E96� (6AF3=:42?� &2CEJ�%?6� DF49� ?6HDA2A6C� H2D� E96�FC62F� �@F?EJ� (6AF3=:42?� :?&C:?46E@?��H9:49�H2D�7@F?565�:?�������E�H2D�2�DEC@?8�DFAA@CE6C�@7":?4@=?� 7C@>� :ED� 368:??:?8� 2?57C6BF6?E=J� :?4=F565� 4@>A=6E6E6IED� 7C@>� DA66496D� ":?4@=?>256��

*96�?6HDA2A6C�H2D�AFC492D653J� @9?� -:E9?2=� �2:=6J� :?� ������2:=6J��2�?2E:G6�@7�%9:@��:D�4C65:E�65� H:E9� 4@�7@F?5:?8� E96� �==:?@:D&C6DD� �DD@4:2E:@?� :?� ������ �EC6>2:?D�2�DEC@?8�G@:46�7@C��==:?@:D?6HDA2A6CD� E@52J�� *96� �&�� H2D>@56=65�D@>6H92E�27E6C�E96�%9:@$6HDA2A6C��DD@4:2E:@?�

-96?� E96� �&�� H2D� 7@F?565�E96C6�H6C6�23@FE���?6HDA2A6CD:?� E96� DE2E6�� H9:49� H2D� ?62C=J5@F3=6� D:?46� ����� *@52J�� E96C62C6� 23@FE� �� ?6HDA2A6CD� :?�==:?@:D�

����

�##���������*)�+ $#���

�,5.('� ;�� �3(4,'(05�(.(&5>4� 0&1/)135$%.(� �($5�<� 5+,4� &$35110� $22($3('� �$3&+� �� ������ ,0� �3$0-� �(4.,(>4�..6453$5('��(842$2(3����1635(4:��%3$+$/��,0&1.0��3(4,'(05,$.��,%3$3:����64(6/��

�����

What was the

Kansas-Nebraska

Act, and how did it

influence the presi-

dential election in

1860?

Page 14: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

�������������!��������������������������������)&� '0--07*/(� *3� "/� &%*402*"-� 4)"4

"11&"2&%�*/�4)&��12*-����� ���*335&0'� 4)&� �&/&3&0� �&15#-*$� '0--07*/(�*/$0-/�3� "33"33*/"4*0/�� �4� *3� 2&12&�3&/4"4*6&� 0'� 3&/4*.&/43� 3)"2&%� #9."/9�/&731"1&23�"$2033�4)&�$05/429�

"@?8� 6C6� E96D6� =:?6D� >66E� E966J6D�@7�@FC�C6256CD�E96J�H:==�92G6=62C?65� E96� E6CC:3=6� ECFE9� E92E�3C292>� ":?4@=?� 92D� 72==6?� 3JE96�3=@@5J�92?5D�@7�E96�AC@H=:?82DD2DD:?�� ?6CG65� 3J� E96� 56>@?92E6�@7�2�EC2:E@CRD�962CE�*96J�H:==�92G6�=62C?65�E92E�E96

?@3=6DE�2?5�36DE�@7��>6C:42?�4:E:�K6?D�� E96� AFC6DE� 2?5� =62DE� D6=7:D9@7� �>6C:42?� DE2E6>6?E�� E96H2C>6DE� 2?5� ECF6DE� @7��>6C:42RD7C:6?5D�� 92D� 366?� DEC:4<6?� 5@H?3J� E96� 3=24<�D@F=65� CF77:2?�� 2?5?@H� D=66AD� E96� D=66A� E92E� <?@HD?@�H2<:?8��E9:D�D:56�@7�6E6C?:EJ�*96J�H:==�92G6�=62C?65�E92E�@FC

?@3=6�&C6D:56?E��E@�H9@>�2==�6J6DH6C6� EFC?65�� :?�H9@>� 2==� 9@A6DH6C6�46?E6C65��E@H2C5�H9@>�E9627764E:@?D� @7� 2� ?2E:@?� 8FD9657@CE9�� 2?5� 7@C� H9@>� 2� ?2E:@?RDAC2J6CD�H6C6� @776C65� 52:=J�N�96H9@�42CC:65�E9:D�4@F?ECJ�E9C@F892�DECF88=6�DF49�2D�?@�@E96C�?2E:@?6G6C� 6IA6C:6?465�� 2?5� 3C@F89E� :E7@CE9� E@� 8=@C:@FD� E6C>:?2E:@?� N96� N� �3C292>� ":?4@=?� N� 92D72==6?� G:4E:>� E@� 2� 92E6�� E96� >@DE4FCD65� 2?5� 56G:=:D9� E92E� 6G6C3FC?65� :?� E96� 362DE� @7� >@CE2=>2?���$@?6� 3FE� 2� 7:6?5� 4@F=5� 92G6

A6CA6EF2E65� E96� 9@CC:3=6� 4C:>6�2?5� ?@?6� 3FE� 2� EC2:E@C@FD� 92?54@F=5� 92G6� 562=E� E96� >FC56C@FD3=@H��6��H9@�42?�5@�>@C6�E92?�D:>�

A=J�2??@F?46�E96�>6=2?49@=J�724EE92E��3C292>�":?4@=?�:D�?@�>@C6N� E92E� @FC� &C6D:56?E� :D� 5625�ND=2:?�3J�2?�2DD2DD:?��8@?6��96�H9@42?�5@�>@C6�E92?�E9:D�2E�AC6D6?E�42?� ?@E� 766=� ?@C� 2AAC64:2E6� E96A2?8D� E92E� HC:?8� E96� 962CED� @7�>6C:42?�&6@A=6��6��H9@�42?�HC:E6�=@?8�6DD2JD�

@C�56=:G6C�=6?8E9J�9@>:=:6D�H9:=6J6E� E96� 82A:?8� H@F?5� :D� 7C6D9�2?5�3=665:?8��H9:=6�J6E� E96�E6CC:�3=6� H6:89E� @7� @FC� D@CC@HD� 4CFD9

� � � � � �������� �������� ��������� ��������

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �� � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � �� � � � � � �

� �� � �

� �� � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �

� � � � ��$6HDA2A6CDD � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � � �� � � � � � �� � � �

� � � � � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

�� � �

� � � �� � � �

� � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � ��##��������*)�+ $#����E�E96�E:>6�@7�":?4@=?RD�562E9�:?�������:E�H2D�4FDE@>2CJ�7@C�E96�>@DE�:>A@CE2?E�?6HD�E@�2AA62C�@?�A286����2D�D9@H?

23@G6�:?�E96�!6?52==��@F?EJ�(64@C5��.@C<G:==6��*96�A286�H2D�@FE=:?65�:?�3=24<�2?5�25@C?65�H:E9�3=24<�4@=F>?�=:?6DE@�D:8?:7J�E96�562E9�@7�D@>6@?6�@7�DE2EFC6��

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � �

�����Find a news story and

an editorial onthe same topic.Can you explain

the differences?

� � � � � � �

Page 15: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

As you will find in this publication, Lincoln also wrote for newspapers, sold sub-

s

�������� ��������� �������� �������

��

� �

� � � � � �

A2C23=6�E@�E9@D6�FD65�3J�E96�42G2=�CJ�4@>A2?J�2E� 24<D@?G:==6������7@@E�=@?8�3@2C5�H2D�E@�36�7:I65�@?6586� :?� E96�8C@F?5�2D� 2� =:?6� E92EE96�EH@�>6?�4@F=5�?@E�4C@DD��":?6DH6C6� E@� 36�5C2H?�@?� E96� 8C@F?5E@�4C62E6�2�3@I�@?�6:E96C�D:56�@7�E963@2C5�H96C6�E96�>6?�H@F=5�92G6E@�C6>2:?�@C�7@C76:E��":?4@=?�D6=64E�65� 2� *9FCD52J� 2E� �� A�>�� 7@C� E965F6=�3FE�=67E�E96�6I24E�=@42E:@?�FAE@�)9:6=5D�

*96�5F6=�H2D�2G6CE65�7@==@H:?82� A=62�>256� 3J��C�� (�-�� �?8=:D92?5��@=�� @9?� ���2C5:?�0H9@�H2D2?�65:E@C@H?6C�@7�E96��==:?@:D2?�2�?6HDA2A6C�:?� 24<D@?G:==61��

0":?4@=?� AC676CC65� ?@E� E@� E2=<23@FE�E96�5F6=�2?5�=2E6C�AC@>@E65)9:6=5D�E@�3C:825:6C�86?6C2=�:?�E96+?:@?��C>J�1��

��,34028�(4��0.�� +441 ��777�+,340�28/(4�&0.�$%2$+$.�-,/&0-/�12(1$2(3�40�),*+4�$�3$%(2�'5(-�+4.��

FD�5@H?�:?E@�E96�5FDE�@7�E96�62CE9�H9:=6� J6E� E96� 6J6� :D� C65� H:E9H66A:?8�� 2?5� E96� 4966<� :D� H6EH:E9�H2E6C� 7C@>� E96� D@F=RD� 7@F?�E2:?� N� 96�� H9@� 42?� 5@� E96D6�� :D56G@:5�@7�E96�7:?6C�766=:?8D��E9@D656=:42E6� D6?D:3:=:E:6D� N� @7� E92EECF6� 962CE�3@C?� DJ>A2E9J� NH9:49� E9@D6� H9@� D@CC@H� E96566A6DE� A@DD6DD� :?� E96� =2C86DE>62DFC6�

*CF6�D@CC@H�?6G6C�>2<6D�2�5:D�A=2J�@7�:ED6=7��86?F:?6�8C:67�?6G6C4@FCED� E96� 82K6� @7� E96� H@C=5� N3FE�D9F?D�E96�H@?56C:?8�DE2C6�@7>6?�� 2?5� C6E:C6D� E@� D64C6E� A=246DH96C6� :E� >2J� G6?E� :ED6=7� F?D66?2?5�F?962C5�3J�>@CE2=�6J6�@C�62C�

*9FD�H6� 766=� 2D�H6� A6?� E96D6=:?6D�� E9FD� H@F=5� H6� >@FC?� E96562E9� @7� E96� 8C62E� 2?5� 8@@5&C6D:56?E��3C292>�":?4@=?�� E9FD5@� E96�A6@A=6� 766=�@G6C� E96�8C62E42=2>:EJ�H9:49�92D�3672==6?�E96>�

�3C292>�":?4@=?�:D�?@�>@C6���?2E:@?� >@FC?D� E96� =@DD� @7� E96?@3=6DE� >2?�� �==:?@:D� H66AD� @G6CE96�3:6C�@7�96C�>@DE�496C:D965�D@?�"6E�FD�3@H�E96�<?66� :?�9F>3=6DEDF3>:DD:@?� E@� �:>� OH9@� 5@6E92==�E9:?8D�H6==�P

4@CC2=�� -:E9� D@>6� C62D@?�� E96JE9@F89E� E96J� 925� 6=64E65� #C�":?4@=?�� �?5� H:E9� D@>6� C62D@?�E96J�E9@F89E�E96J�925�E96�C:89E�E@5:4E2E6�A@=:4J�2?5�A2EC@?286�P

#65:==� @AA@D65� D=2G6CJ� 2?5D@>6E:>6D� E9@F89E� E92E� ":?4@=?5:5� ?@E� >@G6� DH:7E=J� 6?@F89� @CDEC@?8=J�6?@F89�E@�23@=:D9�:E��

�������

������

������

� � � � � � �� � � � � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � � � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � � � � �

� � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� �

� � � � �

� � � � � �� � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� �

� � � � � �� � � � � � �

� �

� � � � � � � �� � � � � �

� � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � �� � � � � � �

� �

������������������ ������

"+,.(�5+(�$%17(�$35�)31/���� �,4�$0�,..6453$5,10�$0'�015�$�21.,5,&$.�&$35110��,5�4+184�+18��,0&1.0>4�,/$*(�+$4%((0�41)5(0('�17(3�5,/(���(�$22($34�%(55(3�*311/('�5+$0�+(�','�,0�($3.,(3�&$351104����:($34�($3.,(3���1'(30813-4�+$7(�416*+5�51�21353$:��,0&1.0�$4�-,0'��*(05.(�$0'�8,4(���1/(�5163,4/�$35�(7(0�21353$:('�+,/�8,5+�42,-('+$,3�51�/$-(�+,/�.11-�+,2�$0'�&11.����+,4�'3$8,0*�,4�)31/�5+(��.1:'��45(0'13)��1..(&5,10�� 4('�8,5+�2(3/,4�4,10���/$*(�/$:�015�%(�3(231'6&('�8,5+165�(923(44�83,55(0�2(3/,44,10��

$6HDA2A6CD� :?� �3C292>� ":?4@=?RD� 52J� FD65� C6G6CD6� 42CG:?8D� E@:>AC:?E� :>286D� :?� E96�?6HDA2A6C���E� 72C� C:89E� :D�2�>6E2=�6?8C2G:?8�@7":?4@=?���E� =67E� :D� E96� :>286� E92E�H2D� AC@5F465� FD:?8� E96� 6?8C2G:?8�H9:49�:D�>@F?E65�@?�2�3=@4<�@7�H@@5�

� � � � �

Page 16: Abraham Lincoln & the Press

� �� �����

���������������

������������������������ �������������� ������� �����

����� �������������������

�������������������������������������"��������

*96� �92>A2:8?� $6HD��2K6EE6RD�C@@ED�CF?�DEC2:89E�E@�E96-9:8� &2CEJ� @7� ":?4@=?�D� 6C2�� �J������ E96� A2A6C� H2D� 42==65� *96�6?EC2=� �==:?@:D� �2K6EE6�� 2?5":?4@=?�H2D�:ED�>2?����E�4=2:>D�E965:DE:?4E:@?�@7�36:?8�E96�7:CDE�A2A6C2?JH96C6� E@� 6?5@CD6� ":?4@=?� 7@CAC6D:56?E��62C?:?8�:ED�65:E@C�2�9:D�E@C:4�A@D:E:@?�:?�E96�":?4@=?�-9:E6�@FD6�

�3C292>�":?4@=?�925�2=H2JD366?�2�72G@C:E6�@7�E96�(6AF3=:42?D@7��92>A2:8?��@F?EJ��2D�H6==�2D2� G:==2:?� E@� E96� �6>@4C2ED� H9@DFAA@CE65� )E6A96?��@F8=2D�� *96AC@�D=2G6CJ� �6>@4C2E:4� A2A6C� :?E96� 4@F?EJ�� 42==65� %FC�@?DE:EFE:@?��FD65�G:CEF2==J�6G6CJ@AA@CEF?:EJ�E@�36=:EE=6�2?5�6>32C�C2DD� E96� 7FEFC6� AC6D:56?E�� �?�F8FDE� ������ 367@C6� ":?4@=?RD)6?2E6�4@?E6DE�282:?DE��@F8=2D��:EHC@E6�2�=6?8E9J�5:2EC:36�4=2:>:?8E92E�":?4@=?�925�5@?6�?@E9:?8�7@CE96�A6@A=6�@7��==:?@:D��

O�7�9:D�AF3=:4� 42C66C�92D�366?C6>2C<23=6� 7@C� 2?J� @?6� E9:?8>@C6�E92?�2?@E96C��:E�92D�366?�7@CE96�4@>A=6E6�32CC6??6DD�@7�C6DF=EDH9:49�92D�2EE6?565�:E��%7�?@�@E96C>2?� :?� E96� )E2E6� @7� �==:?@:D� H9@92D� 366?� 277@C565� 2D� 6?=2C865@AA@CEF?:E:6D�2D�#C��":?4@=?��42?:E�36� ECF=J�D2:5� E92E�96�92D� C62==J5@?6�2D�=:EE=6�8@@5�7@C�E96�)E2E6�2D#C��":?4@=?�P

�FE� ":?4@=?� H2D� H2C>=J6>3C2465�3J�*96��6?EC2=� �==:?@:D�2K6EE6�� �?� H92E� :D� AC@323=J� E96>@DE� 72>@FD� 65:E@C:2=� 6G6C� HC:E�E6?� :?� 2� �92>A2:8?�+C32?2

� � � � � � �������� ��������� ��������� ������

� � ��

92G6� 366?� 4@>3:?65� 2?5� >2J� ?@=@?86C�2DD@4:2E6�H:E9�2�A@=:E:42=�3:2D�3FE� E9@D6� @=5� 277:=:2E:@?D� 2C6� @7E6?DE:==�7@F?5�:?�E96�?2>6D�@7�E96�?6HD�A2A6CD�� �@C� 6I2>A=6�� *96� 'F:?4J�6C2=5�-9:8��E96�#24@FA:?��@F?EJ�6>@4C2E��?BF:C6C� :?� �2C=:?G:==6�*96��2K6EE6��6>@4C2E�:?��??2�2?5E96� �FC62F� �@F?EJ� (6AF3=:42?� :?&C:?46E@?�

":?4@=?�C62=:K65�E92E�G@E6CD�4@F=5

36� 4@?G:?465� 2E� E92E� E:>6� :?� @?=JEH@�H2JD�M�3J�G@:46�� 2D� :?�5632E6D@C�=64EFC6D��2?5�3J�E96�AC6DD��O&F3=:4@A:?:@?� :?� E9:D� 4@F?ECJ� :D� 6G6CJ�E9:?8�P�":?4@=?�C6>2C<65�

�642FD6� E96� ?6HDA2A6CD� H6C6277:=:2E65�H:E9�A@=:E:42=�A2CE:6D��D@>6H6C6�AC@�":?4@=?�H9:=6�@E96CD�H6C6282:?DE�":?4@=?��*96��9:428@��2:=J&C6DD� �� *C:3F?6� 2?5� E96� )2?82>@ @FC?2=�� 7@C� :?DE2?46�� H6C6� AC@�":?4@=?��*96��9:428@�*:>6D�2?5�E96�==:?@:D�)E2E6�(68:DE6C�:?�)AC:?87:6=5

H6C6� 2?E:�":?4@=?�� *@� E9:D� 52J�� E96>@56C?��9:428@� *C:3F?6� DE:==� 4@>�A6E6D� H:E9� H92E� :D� ?@H� 42==65� E96�9:428@� )F?�*:>6D�� �?� )AC:?87:6=5�E96� �==:?@:D� )E2E6� @FC?2=� 2?5� E96�==:?@:D� )E2E6� (68:DE6C� 92G6� =@?8366?� ;@:?65� 2D� *96� )E2E6� @FC?2=�(68:DE6C��

�642FD6�?6HDA2A6CD�:?�":?4@=?RD52J�H6C6�A@=:E:42=�@C82?D��E96:C�65:�E@C:2=D� 2?5� A@=:E:42=� 42CE@@?D� H6C6@7E6?� 92CD9� @?� 42?5:52E6D� E96J@AA@D65��*96� �==:?@:D�)E2E6�(68:DE6C

42==65�":?4@=?�OE96�:?67723=6�56DA@E�H9@��3J�D@>6�:?D4CFE23=6�5:DA6?D2�E:@?�@7�AC@G:56?46��AC6D:56D�@G6C�E9656DE:?:6D�@7�E9:D�G2DE�C6AF3=:4�P�*96 @FC?2=� C6DA@?565� 3J� 42==:?8� E96(68:DE6CRD� 65:E@C� OE96� 286?E� @7� 677�2G:D� H9@� AC6D:56D� @G6C� E96�@AA6C9625� D966E� :?� E9:D� 4:EJ�P� ��OD966EP�:D�2?@E96C�?2>6�7@C�2�?6HD�A2A6C�� 6776CD@?��2G:D�H2D�)64C6E2CJ@7� -2C� 7@C� E96� +?:E65� )E2E6D� 2?5

�##� ���������*)�+ $#��

��������

�##� ���������*)�+ $#��

�5�),345�*.$0&(��5+,4�&$35110�/$:�$22($3�60).$55(3,0*�51�5+(�/1'(30�(:(��2(3+$24�(7(0�3(/,0,4&(05�1)�$0&,(055,/(4�8+(0�5+(�+($'4�1)�(0(/,(4�8(3(�/1605('�10�2,-(4���,5.('�;��=�$,.>��.'�"(45(30��(05.(/$0�<�5+,4�,/$*('3$80�%:� �3$0-��(..(8� $0'�26%.,4+('� ,0� �6.:� ������ +(.2('��,0&1.0� ,0� +,4� &$/2$,*0� )13� 5+(�23(4,'(0&:���,4:165+)6.�813-� $4� $� ;3$,.� 42.,55(3<� $22($.('� 51� 5+(� 715(34�� ��1635(4:��%3$+$/��,0&1.0� �3(4,'(05,$.� �,%3$3:���64(6/��

�����

Who were ‘Jeff Davis’

and the Copperheads?

Who was Charles Blondin

and what was he known for?

������ �������� ��������� �������� � � � � �

������������� �����������!�� �����

� � � � ��

� � � � � �� � �� � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �� � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � � �

� � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � �� �

� � �� � � � � �� � �

� � � � �� � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � �� � � � �

� � � �� � �

� � � � �� � � �� �� � � � �� � �

� �� � � � �� � � �� � � �� � � �� � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

� �� � � � �

� �� � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � �� � � �� � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � �� �

� � ��� � �

� � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � ��

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � �

��

� � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � �

� � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � � �� � � �� � � � �

��� � � � �

� � �� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � �� � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � �� � � � �

�� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �� � � � �� � � � �

�������� ��������� �������� ������� � � � �

�3C292>� ":?4@=?� H2D� H92EE@52J� >:89E� 36� C676CC65� E@� 2D� 2O?6HDA2A6C�;F?<:6�P��6�H2D�2�G@C2�4:@FD�C6256C�2?5�2�DE2F?49�DFAA@CE�6C�@7�E96�7C66�6IAC6DD:@?�@7�@A:?:@?�2?5� 9:D� A@=:E:42=� 42C66C� H2D� :?E6C�EH:?65�H:E9�?6HDA2A6CD��#@C6� E92?� 2� C6256C�� ":?4@=?�� 2E

E:>6D��H2D�2�?6HDA2A6C�HC:E6C��DF3�D4C:AE:@?�D2=6D>2?��65:E@C�2?5�6G6?2?�@H?6C�@7�2�?6HDA2A6C���6�C6=:65@?�C6A@CE6CD��65:E@CD�2?5�AF3=:D96CDE9C@F89@FE� 9:D� A@=:E:42=� ;@FC?6J� E@96=A�9:>�4@??64E�E@�E96�G@E6CD��:D�?6HDA2A6C�>:DD:G6D�6G6?�=65

E@� 2� O5F6=� E@� E96� 562E9P� 492==6?86�H9:49��2D�56D4C:365�=2E6C��H2D�2G6CE�65�:?�A2CE�5F6�E@�E96�A=625:?8�@7�2?65:E@C�":?4@=?RD�=@G6�@7�?6HDA2A6CD�H2D

6G:56?E� E9C@F89@FE� 9:D� 42C66C�� �DA@DE>2DE6C�:?�$6H�)2=6>��96�H@F=5C625� ?6HDA2A6CD� 7C@>� 5:776C6?EA2CED�@7�E96�4@F?ECJ�E92E�42>6�E@�9:DDFCAC:D:?8=J� H6==�65F42E65�� 6G6?D@A9:DE:42E65�� �==:?@:D� G:==286�� �DAC6D:56?E�� ":?4@=?� D@>6E:>6DH@F=5� DE6A� @FED:56� E96� -9:E6�@FD6�2?5�2D<�2�DE2CE=65�A2DD6C3J�E@D6?5� E96� 4@C?6C� ?6HD3@JD� FA� E96

DEC66E�E@�9:D�7C@?E�5@@C���$6HDA2A6CDD6CG65� 2D� ":?4@=?RD�H:?5@H� E@� E96H@C=5��?� 2� =64EFC6� E@� 9:D� ?6:893@CD� :?

)AC:?87:6=5� =@?8� 367@C6� 96� 3642>6?2E:@?2==J�<?@H?��":?4@=?�D2:5��O�E=6?8E9� AC:?E:?8� 42>6�� �E� 82G6� E6?E9@FD2?5�4@A:6D�@7�2?J�HC:EE6?�>2E�E6C� BF:E6� 2D� 4962A=J� 2D� E6?� H6C68:G6?� 367@C6�� 2?5� 4@?D6BF6?E=J� 2E9@FD2?5�>:?5D�H6C6� 3C@F89E� :?E@E96�7:6=5�H96C6�H2D�3FE�@?6�367@C6�*9:D�H2D�2�8C62E�82:?�M�2?5�9:DE@CJD9@HD�2�8C62E�492?86�4@CC6DA@?5:?8E@�:E�M�:?�A@:?E�@7�E:>6����H:==�G6?EFC6

E@�4@?D:56C�:E�E96�ECF6�E6C>:?2E:@?�@7E92E�A6C:@5�42==65�E96�Q52C<�286D�RP

�����������������$6HDA2A6CD� :?� ":?4@=?RD� 52J

H6C6�277:=:2E65�H:E9�A@=:E:42=�A2CE:6D�$6HDA2A6C�?2>6D�H:E9�H@C5D�DF492D� O(6AF3=:42?�P� O�6>@4C2E�P� 2?5O-9:8P� 2==� A@:?E65� E@H2C5� E9@D6277:=:2E:@?D���642FD6�@7�E92E�A2CE:D2?�D9:A�� 6G6?� D>2==� E@H?D� 7C6BF6?E=J925� EH@� @C� >@C6� ?6HDA2A6CD�*@52J�� >2?J� @7� E9@D6� ?6HDA2A6CD

�##����������*)�+ $#��� � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � �

�+,4� &$35110� %:� �+1/$4� �$45� ,..6453$5(4� +18� 5+(� �135+� $0'� 5+(� �165+� ',))(3('� ,0� 5+(,3� 7,(84� 1)�,0&1.0>4�(.(&5,10�,0��������5�$22($3('�,0�5+(��(8�#13-��..6453$5('��(84��$3&+����������+(��165+�7,(8('5+(�(.(&5,10�$4�$�'(&.$3$5,10�1)�8$3�8+,.(�5+(��135+�$05,&,2$5('�2($&(����$35110�&1635(4:�1)�5+(��%3$+$/�,0&1.0��3(4,'(05,$.��,%3$3:����64(6/��

�����

What is an issue that

divides Americans today?

Can you draw cartoons

showing both

perspectives?

�������������� ���������������������������"����������������

We are pleased to bring you this special publication, which recognizes the close relationship that our 16thpresident, Abraham Lincoln, had with newspapers. Lincoln’s interest in newspapers went much further thanunderstanding of how these publications could help him with his political aspirations. Lincoln loved reading,and he used newspapers to quench his thirst for learning.

Newspapers in Lincoln’s day published news from abroad, poetry, fiction, jokes and information about nation-al, state and local politics. As you will find in this publication, Lincoln also wrote for newspapers, sold sub-scriptions and even owned his own press at one time. Incredibly, he was challenged to a duel to the death overan article he had written anonymously. As president, Lincoln accommodated and courted the press. Helikened journalists to soldiers who had to go where they were sent to do their jobs. “The press has no betterfriend than I am,” he said.

Many of the newspapers in the mid-1800s were biased toward one political party or another, which is whyso many newspaper names today include words like “Democrat,” “Republican” and “Whig.” Inside this publica-tion, you’ll see how some of the newspapers portrayed Lincoln through their editorial cartoons; you might besurprised to see how some skewered him while others praised him. And, you’ll find a few stories directly fromIllinois newspapers. You can find more online at www.illinoispress.org/Lincoln.

Sincerely,

Your local publisher

� � � � �

������ ��������

��������

������� �������� ��������� ��������

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � ��

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� �

� � � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � �� � � �

� � �� � � �

� � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� �

� � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � �

� � �� � �

� � � � �� � � � ��2>65��9:428@�&C6DD���*C:3F?6��5:E@C� @D6A9

#65:==�:D�E9@F89E�E@�36�369:?5�E96�2=E6C:?8�@7�E9:DA9@E@��*92ERD��3C292>�":?4@=?�C625:?8�2�?6HDA2�A6C��3FE�E96�?6HDA2A6C�:D�?@E�C62==J�E96�&C6DD��*C:3F?6��":?4@=?�H2D�2�DF3D4C:36C�2?5�@H6D�9:D?@>:?2E:@?�7@C�AC6D:56?E�2E�=62DE�:?�A2CE�E@�#65:==�3FE�E96�?2>6�@7�E96�?6HDA2A6C�H2D�DFA6C:>A@D65@G6C�E92E�@7�2?@E96C�?6HDA2A6C��E96��6C>2?�=2?�8F286�)E22ED�/6:EF?8�:?��9:428@��

":?4@=?�@H?65�9:D�@H?��6C>2?�=2?8F286�A2A6C7@C�2H9:=6�N�E96��==:?@:D�)E22ED��?K6:86C���6�96=5�2���>@CE8286�7@C�E96�?6HDA2A6C��*96�4@?EC24E�C625E92E�E96�AF3=:42E:@?�925�E@�DFAA@CE�(6AF3=:42?�42FD�6D�@C�":?4@=?�4@F=5�4=2:>�:ED�AC6DD��

.@F�42?�C625�>@C6�23@FE�#65:==�2?5�E96�)E22ED��?K6:86C�@?�E96�7@==@H:?8�A286D�

��!%!�+���!*���$%� �!#���!����%�! ���$���(�%��"�#��$$�! �� ������*� !%����#�"#!�&����(�%�!&%��)"#�$$�(#�%%� �"�#��$$�! �

‘The press has no better friend than I am’

���&731"1&23��/��%5$"4*0/�120+&$4#205()4�40�905�#9�4)*3�/&731"1&2

"/%�4)&

*/�1"24/&23)*1�7*4)

'5/%&%�#9�4)*3�/&731"1&2�"/%�4)&

����!����;�����������������"����������������;��������������#

� ���������� %!�����$��!# ���&$����#������� �!� �!����%�! ��&#�%!#����#������� �!� ��#�$��� %����

���#�#*����&$�&�

�������������+�!"*#���%���!*���$%� �!#���!����%�! ���$��(�%��"�#��$$�! �� �������*� !%����#�"#!�&����(�%�!&%

�)"#�$$�(#�%%� �"�#��$$�! �

��������������)��#"%����#!����#������� �!� �����#�$$��!#%#��%��*���#��#%���%�� ���+������!#������ �'�#$�%*

�#�$$���$���(�%��"�#��$$�! �

�������� �������#�$��� %�� ��� !�$��#�$$��$$!���%�! ���� �����������#�$��� %�� ��� !�$��#�$$��!& ��%�!

������������������)��&%�'���#��%!#���� ���������#��%!#�!���!& ��%�! ��������#���#'���$

������ ���������%!#��������� ��� ��������������������� ������

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � �

�C@F89E�E@�J@F�3J�J@FC�=@42=

$�-)&�&�(

�������� ��������� ��������� ������� � � � � �

� � ��

+?56C�E96�D64C6E�4@?EC24E�HC:EE6?�3J":?4@=?�9:>D6=7��E96�?6HDA2A6C�H2DC6BF:C65�E@�6DA@FD6�E96�(6AF3=:42?=:?6�� �7� :E� 72:=65� E@� 5@� D@�� ":?4@=?4@F=5� C64=2:>� :ED� EJA6� 2?5� AC6DD�":?4@=?� A2:5� ��� 7@C� E96� ?6HDA2�A6C�

�67@C6� 96� H2D� :?2F8FC2E65&C6D:56?E��":?4@=?�D@=5�E96�?6HDA2�A6C� 324<� E@� &F3=:D96C� *96@5@C6�2?:D:FD� 2?5� =2E6C� ?2>65��2?:D:FD

E96��>6C:42?�4@?DF=�:?�,:6??2�

�����������������������������

�6� 2=D@� 4@==64E65� DF3D4C:AE:@?A2J>6?ED� 7@C� E96� )2?82>@� @FC?2=:?� )AC:?87:6=5� 2D� C676C6?465� @?� E967C@?E�A286�@7�E96�?6HDA2A6C�@?�%4E� ����� ���

-9:=6�D6CG:?8�2D�2�C6AC6D6?E2E:G6:?� E96� �==:?@:D� �6?6C2=� �DD6>3=J�":?4@=?� C6A@CE65� E96� 5@:?8D� @7� E96

DE2E6� =68:D=2EFC6� 7@C� E96� )2?82>@ @FC?2=�� �*@52J�� 96� H@F=5� 36C676CC65� E@� 2D� 2� ODEC:?86CP�@C� O7C66�=2?46CP�7@C�E96�?6HDA2A6C��

�?� ������ ":?4@=?� 2AA@:?E65� E96 @FC?2=RD�65:E@C��):>6@?��C2?4:D��2?�C>J� A2J>2DE6C�� �C@>� E96� -9:E6�@FD6��":?4@=?�HC@E6��O*96� @FC?2=A2A6C�H2D�2=H2JD�>J�7C:6?5��2?5��@74@FCD6� :ED� 65:E@CD� E96� D2>6�P� *96?6HDA2A6C�� ?@H�*96� )E2E6� @FC?2=�(68:DE6C�� DE:==� 42CC:6D� A2CE� @7� E92EBF@E6�@?�:ED�65:E@C:2=�A286�

�6�7C6BF6?E=J�H@F=5�HC:E6�=6EE6CDE@� E96� 65:E@C�� D@>6E:>6D� F?56C� 2?2DDF>65�?2>6��%?6�DF49� =6EE6C� =65E@�2�562E9�E9C62E�3J�5F6=��H9:49�H2D2G6CE65�A2CE=J�3J� E96�A=625:?8�@7�276H� 7C:6?5D� :?4=F5:?8� ?6HDA2A6C65:E@CD�

":?4@=?� >2J� ?@E� 92G6� E2<6?� E965F6=� D6C:@FD=J�� �7E6C� DF886DE:?83C@25� DH@C5D� 2D�H62A@?D�� 96� DF8�86DE65�� O�@H� 23@FE� 4@H� 5F?8� 2E

��� ���2�������

�##����������*)�+ $#���

$0.1-*.&/4� 3"*%� 0'� 052� 1"1&2�� 4)"/4)"4� *4� 01103&%� �*/$0-/?3� �#0-*4*0/�"2� F=J� �����

�*/$0-/��"9�;��#2")".��*/$0-/$".&�40��&7*3407/��"-30�'20.��"6"/"0/��5&3%"9�.02/*/(���5(��������$0.�.*44&&� )&"%&%� #9� �"+02� ��� �"-,&2"/%��0)/�����20$402�7&/4�1"24�0'�4)&7"9� 40� �"6"/"� 40� .&&4� )*.�� �)&2&7"3� 0/-9� 0/&� %&-&("4*0/� 0'� � � )023&�.&/� "/%� ��� 7"(0/3� "/%� #5((*&3��*2$5*4�$0524�7"3�*/�3&33*0/�"/%�4)&2&7&2&� "� (2&"4� ."/9� 1&01-&� 0/� 4)&342&&43�� �2�� �*/$0-/� 310,&� "4� � 1�.�34"/%*/(�#&47&&/�4)&�$&/42"-�1*--"23�0'4)&�0-%�$0524)053&�"/%�1033*#-9�40����02� ���"44&/4*6&�-*34&/&23��4�7"3�)&2&�4)"4��*/$0-/�%&-*6&2&%

4)&� (-07*/(� &5-0(9� 0/� 4)&�&$-"2"4*0/� 0'� �/%&1&/%&/$&� 7)*$)#9� 4)&� 35((&34*0/� 0'� �)&� �0/%0/�*.&3�)"3�#&$0.&�"/��/(-*3)�$-"33*$��4�"--�'&--�0/�%&"'��5/2&310/3*6&��5/"1�12&$*"4*6&� 305-3�� ;� �&7*3407/� ;�5-40/�$05/49�;%*%�/04�$0.12&)&/%4)"4��5/"7"2&3�� 4)&9�7&2&�&/4&24"*/�*/(� 4)&� .034� "/(&-*$� $)"2"$4&2�.&2*$"�� *'� /04� 4)&� 702-%�� )"3� &6&2120%5$&%�� �'� $0523&� �)&� �5-40/�&.0$2"4� %*%� /04� $0.12&)&/%� 4)*3-0/(�-&((&%�� 5/$054)�� %*''*%&/4�� 3&-'�%&1-02*/(� $2&"452&�� �)&� �&.0$2"43"*%�.&"/� 4)*/(3� 0'� �*/$0-/��7&� "2&"3)".&%� 40� $0/'&33�� �#2")".�*/$0-/� 35''&2&%� .02&� "#53&� "4� 4)&)"/%3� 0'� �&15#-*$"/3� 7)0� %*%� /04$0.12&)&/%� )*.� 4)"/� '20.� "--� 4)&�&.0$2"43�/024)�"/%� 3054)���&�)"%40�%*&�40�(&4�)*3�$207/���*3�'".&�7*--7*%&/�"/%�%&&1&/�7*4)�4)&�$&/452*&3*/�4)&�305-3�0'�.&/�7)0�31*4�0/�$0.�.&2$*"-�&81"/3*0/�"/%�2044&/�*.1&2*�"-*3.� "4� 4)&� &81&/3&� 0'� )5."/� '2&&�%0.�

2?F2CJ������

���������

�+,4�&$35110�,4�$��3,5,4+�(9$/2.(�5+$5�$22($3('��6.:���������,0�5+(��10'10��60&+���5�4+184��,0&1.0�$4�$�%$3�5(0'(3�/,9,0*�$�'3,0-�)31/�$�&62�.$%(.('�;7,&513:<�51�10(�.$%(.('�;'()($5<�8,5+�;�(8�#13-��3(44<�83,55(0�,0�5+('3,0-���+(�%155.(4�$3(�.$%(.('��1)5��$8'(3���60-6/���3$*�$0'��14+�8+,.(�$��(8�#13-��(3$.'�,4�10�5+(�%$3���+,4&:0,&$.� &$35110� ','� 015� $&&63$5(.:� 21353$:� 5+(� ,0).6(0&(� 1)� 5+(��(8� #13-� 23(44� 10� 5+(� �,7,.�"$3�� ��1635(4:�%3$+$/��,0&1.0��3(4,'(05,$.��,%3$3:����64(6/��

�����

What do you suppose

“soft sawder,” “bunkum,”

“brag” and “bosh” mean?

Is this cartoon

favorable or unfavorable

toward Lincoln?

� � � � � ������� �������� ��������� ��������

������������� �����������!�� �����

� � � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � �

� ��� � �

� � � �� � � � �� � � � � �

� �� � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � � � �� � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � �� � �

� � � � �� � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � �� � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � �� � � � �� � � �

� � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � �� � � �� � �

� � �� � � � � �

� � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �

� �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � �

������������������������������������

*96� �2G:5D@?� 3C@E96CD� H9@C2?� *96� �F=E@?� �6>@4C2E� :?"6H:DE@H?� <?6H� 3@E9� �3C292>":?4@=?� 2?5� )E6A96?� �@F8=2DH6==�� 2>6D� �2G:5D@?� E2F89E>FD:4�E@�E96�":?4@=?�49:=5C6?

�FE� E96� �2G:5D@?D� H6C6DE2F?49��6>@4C2ED� 2?5� DFAA@CE�65��@F8=2D��*96�7:CDE�EH@�6I46CAED36=@H� 56>@?DEC2E6� E92E�� 3FE� 2=2E6C� A:646�� HC:EE6?� 3J� -�*��2G:5D@?� :?� ���� D9@HD� E92EE:>6�AFED�E9:?8D�:?�2�5:776C6?E�A6C�DA64E:G6�

�*/$&��#&��*/$0-/�)"3�4",&/�40�4)&$0/4&.14*#-&�#53*/&33�0'� -9*/(�"#054�05(-"3��$)"2(*/(�)*.�7*4)�$0/31*2�"$9� 40� 06&24)207� '2&&� (06&2/.&/4"/%�4)&�$0/34*454*0/��)&�)"3�2&/%&2&%)*.3&-'� 30� 1&2'&$4-9� 0%*053� 40� 4)&."33&3�� 4)"4� #54� -*44-&� "44&/4*0/� *31"*%�40�)*3�$0.*/(�02�(0*/(��02�"/9�4)*/(� "#054� )*.�� �52� '5--� 34"''!� 0'2&1024&23�7&2&�0/�4)&�(205/%�&"2-9�0/�5&3%"9�40�.",&�"�'5--�&34*."4&�0'�"--4)&�4&".3�0'�1&01-&�7)0�$".&�*/�120�$&33*0/� 40� <"44&/%� >�)&� (2"/%�*/$0-/� 1001?� '*::-&�=� �)&� '0--07*/(*3� "� 425&� 2&1024�� 0/-9� 0/&�%&-&("4*0/40� 7&-$0.&� �*/$0-/�� �#&� �*/$0-/��"+�� �"-,&2�� ����� �20$402�� "/04)&2."/�� � � )023&.&/�� ��� 7"(0/3� "/%#5((*&3�� ����.&/�� 70.&/� "/%� $)*-�%2&/��%0(3�/04�$05/4&%��

�F8FDE���������

�"*%�0/&�0'�4)&�7*3&34�"/%�#&34�0'052� 34"4&� 0''*$*"-3� "4� �12*/('*&-%� 4)&04)&2� %"9�� <�)&��5-40/��&.0$2"4� *34)&� 0/-9� 1"1&2� */� 4)&� 34"4&� 4)"4� )"3'20.� 4)&� $0..&/$&.&/4� 0'� 4)*3�7"2/04�'"*-&%�"4�"/9�4*.&�40�"%60$"4&�*431203&$54*0/=� "/%� 7&� "3,� /0� )*()&2

7@C>�� @C� 2==@H� :E� E@� 36� :?E6C76C65H:E9�G:@=6?E=J�3J�@E96CD�

O�?�E9:D��J@F�92G6�2�5:D4C6E:@?�E@6I6C4:D6� H:E9� 8C62E� 42FE:@?�� 42=>�?6DD��2?5�7@C362C2?46�P

)6G6C2=�9F?5C65D�@7�?6HDA2A6CDH6C6�E6>A@C2C:=J�DFAAC6DD65�3J�E9625>:?:DEC2E:@?�� :?4=F5:?8� E96 @?6D3@C@89� �?@H� @?6D3@C@��2K6EE6� :?� )@FE96C?� �==:?@:D�� �=D@DFDA6?565�3C:67=J�H2D� E96��9:428@

*:>6D�� ":?4@=?� 9:>D6=7� C6D4:?565E96� @C56C� 2?5� E92E� 6?565� E96�AC24�E:46�@7�DFDA6?5:?8�E96�AC6DD��

*96� >@DE� 4@>>@?� C62D@?� E9625>:?:DEC2E:@?� 4=@D65� ?6HDA2A6CDH2D� 7@C� :?E6C76C:?8� H:E9� E96� 5C27E�6:E96C� 3J� 5:D4@FC28:?8� >6?� 7C@>D:8?:?8� FA�� 6?4@FC28:?8� C6D:DE2?46@C� 6G6?� A9JD:42==J� :?E6C76C:?8� 2E5C27E�C68:DEC2E:@?�D:E6D�

*96� $6H� .@C<� -@C=5� 2?5� E96 @FC?2=� @7� �@>>6C46� H6C6� D9FE5@H?�3642FD6�E96J�AF3=:D965�2�72<6

AC@4=2>2E:@?� :?� ":?4@=?RD� ?2>6�*96�AC@4=2>2E:@?� 42==65� 7@C� 2�5C27E@7� ��� >6?� :?E@� E96��C>J� 2?5>2J� 92G6� 366?� A2CE� @7� 2� A=@E� E@:?5F46�C:@E:?8��":?4@=?�@C56C65�E92EE96� ?6HDA2A6C� @77:46D� 36� E2<6?� 3J>:=:E2CJ�7@C46�

�������"���������������":?4@=?� 24EF2==J� @H?65� 2� ?6HD�

A2A6C�3C:67=J�M�2�=:EE=6�<?@H?�492A�E6C� :?� 9:D� 42C66C� 2?5� @?6� E92E� 96

56=:36C2E6=J� <6AE� D64C6E� 7C@>� E96AF3=:4���E�H2D�E96��6C>2?�=2?8F286�==:?@:D� )E22ED��?K6:86C� :?��9:428@�

�������� ��������� ��������� ������ � � � � �

� �� � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � ��� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � �� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � �� � � � �� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � �

� �� �

�� � � � �

� �� � � � �

� � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� �� �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

�� �

�����������

�##���� ���2��������*)�+ $#����$.,-8� �(731$1(23� 0-5.(� �

:�0182,*+4� ����� %8� 4+(� �--,/0,3� �2(33�05/'$4,0/�

��(/4(//,$-� �,34028� 0)� �--,/0,3�� 0-�� �����+(��2$�0)�4+(��,6,-�!$2�

�$.(3� �02/(-,53�� �%2$+$.� �,/&0-/�0--(&4,0/� �52$402�� �%2$+$.� �,/&0-/�2(3,'(/4,$-��,%2$28����53(5.

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� �

� � � �� � � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � �� � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � �

�� � �

� � � � �� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � �

� � � �� � �

� � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � �

�##�����������*)�+ $#�

�+,4�&$35110�$0'�5+(�10(�10�5+(�12214,5(�2$*(�4+18��,0&1.0�,0�$�2126.$3�5+(/(�1)�%$.$0&,0*�10�$�%($/�13312(���0�5+(�46//(3�1)��������+$3.(4��.10',0�+$'�&3144('��,$*3$��$..4�10�$�������)115�.10*�5,*+5312(��41�5+(�&$3�51104�8(3(�$�21353$:$.�51�8+,&+�3($'(34�&16.'�3(.$5(���+(�,/$*(�10�5+(�.()5�$22($3('��6*�����������,0��$32(3>4"((-.:���+(�10(�$%17(�8$4�26%.,4+('��60(���������,0�!$0,5:��$,3���0�%15+�'3$8,0*4���,0&1.0�,4�4+180�&$33:,0*�$%.$&-�2(3410�8+,.(�8$.-,0*�$�),0(�.,0(����/$*(4�&1635(4:��%3$+$/��,0&1.0��3(4,'(05,$.��,%3$3:����64(6/��

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � �

=2E6C� 6=64E65� AC6D:56?E� @7� E96�@?7656C2E6� )E2E6D� @7� �>6C:42��@AA6C9625�H2D�2�?:4<?2>6�8:G6?E@� $@CE96C?� �6>@4C2ED� H9@@AA@D65�E96��:G:=�-2C�

�642FD6� @7� 4@?EC2DE:?8� A@=:E:42=277:=:2E:@?D�� ?6HDA2A6CD� 4@G6C65":?4@=?�2?5�9:D�72>65�5632E6D�H:E9)E6A96?��@F8=2D�:?�G2DE=J�5:776C6?EH2JD���?�2?�677@CE�E@�>2<6�DFC6�9:DG:6HD�H6C6�C6AC6D6?E65�244FC2E6=J�

":?4@=?� D6?E� >2?J� O4@?7:56?E:2=P4@>>F?:42E:@?D�E@�?6HDA2A6C�65:�E@CD�� *96��9:428@� *:>6D� 5676?565:ED6=7� 3J� D2J:?8� O":?4@=?� 42??@EDA62<� 7:G6� 8C2>>2E:42=� D6?E6?46D:?�DF446DD:@?�P

��������������������":?4@=?� E@=6C2E65� 5:776C6?46D� @7

@A:?:@?� 3FE� 5C6H� E96� =:?6� 2E�H92E96�4@?D:56C65�E@�36�EC62D@?@FD�24ED��6� 6IA=2:?65� 9:D� 2EE:EF56� E@H2C5

DF49�2EE24<D�:?�2�4@>>F?:42E:@?�:?E96�>:55=6�@7� E96��:G:=�-2C��H96?G:4E@CJ� H2D� ?@E� 2E� 2==� 46CE2:?�� E@�6?�� @9?�#��)49@7:6=5�

O.@F� H:==� @?=J� 2CC6DE� :?5:G:5F�2=D�� 2?5� DFAAC6DD� 2DD6>3=:6D�� @C?6HDA2A6CD�� H96?� E96J� >2J� 36H@C<:?8� A2=A23=6� :?;FCJ� E@� E96#:=:E2CJ� :?�J@FC� 492C86�� 2?5� :?�?@@E96C� 42D6� H:==� J@F� :?E6C76C6� H:E9E96� 6IAC6DD:@?� @7� @A:?:@?� :?� 2?J

������� �������� ��������� �������� � � � � �

� � � �

�� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � �

� � � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �

� ��

� � � � �� � � �

� � �� � �

� � �� � �

� � � � � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � �� � � � �

� � � � �� �� � � �� � � �

� � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � � � �

� � � �� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �� � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � �� � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � �� � �� � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � ��

� � � � � �� � � � � �

� � �� � �

� � �� � � � �

� �� � �

� � � �� � � � �

��������

�##�������������*)�+ $#�

� � � �

� � � �� � � � ��

?6HDA2A6C��E96��2K6EE6�@?�#2J��������� 3642>6� E96� 7:CDE� A2A6C� E@6?5@CD6�":?4@=?�7@C�E96�AC6D:56?�4J��*96�A2A6C�925�2�4:C4F=2E:@?�@723@FE� ��� 2E� E92E� E:>6�� -C:EE6?3J� ���J62C�@=5� �2K6EE6� 65:E@C-:==:2>� %D3@C?� )E@552C5� �H9@=2E6C� H2D� 9:C65� 3J� &C6D:56?E":?4@=?�E@�364@>6�@?6�@7�9:D�E9C66AC:G2E6�D64C6E2C:6D���E96�EH@�A2C2�8C2A9�65:E@C:2=�D2:5�

O-6�925�E96�A=62DFC6�@7�:?EC@�5F4:?8� E@� E96�9@DA:E2=:E:6D�@7�@FCD2?4EF>� 2� 76H� 52JD� D:?46� E96�@?���3C292>�":?4@=?���6H�>6?42?� >2<6� 2?� 9@FC� A2DD� 2H2J>@C6� 28C6623=J�� -6� 5@� ?@E� AC6�E6?5� E@� <?@H� H96E96C� #C�":?4@=?� H:==� 6G6C� 4@?56D46?5� E@@44FAJ� E96� -9:E6� �@FD6� @C� ?@E�3FE�:7�96�D9@F=5��:E�:D�2�4@>7@CE�E@<?@H� E92E�96�92D� 6DE23=:D965� 7@C9:>D6=7� 2� 492C24E6C� 2?5� C6AFE2�E:@?�@7�DF77:4:6?E�DEC6?8E9�2?5�A2C�:EJ� E@�H:E9DE2?5� E96�5:DC6AFE23=62?5�4@CCFAE:?8�:?7=F6?46D�@7�6G6?E92E�=@42=:EJ�

O$@� >2?� :?� E96� -6DE� 2E� E96AC6D6?E� E:>6� @44FA:6D� 2� >@C66?G:23=6�A@D:E:@?�367@C6� E96�A6@�A=6��@C� DE2?5D�2�36EE6C�492?46� 7@C@3E2:?:?8� 2� 9:89�A@D:E:@?� 2>@?8E9@D6�E@�H9@D6�8F:52?46�@FC�D9:A@7�DE2E6�:D�E@�36�6?ECFDE65�P

)E@552C5� D6?E� 4@A:6D� @7� E92E65:E:@?� E@� �� @E96C� ?6HDA2A6CD�O*96?���H2:E65�E@�D66�E96�C6DF=E�@7>J� 6IA6C:>6?E� 2?5� :E� 2=E@86E96CDFCAC:D65� >6�P� 96� C642==65� >@C6E92?���J62CD�=2E6C�7@C�E96��E=2?E:4#@?E9=J��O#2?J�@7� E96>�C6AC:?E�65� :E� :?� 7F==�� @C� ?62C=J� D@�� 2?5DHF?8�@FE�E96�?2>6�@7�":?4@=?�2EE96:C�4@=F>?�9625D�P

�6� D2:5� 96� 925� 7:CDE� >6E":?4@=?�2E�E96�?6HDA2A6C�@77:46�:?E96� 72==� @7� ������ O#C�� ":?4@=?8C66E65�>6�4@C5:2==J�2?5�A=F?8652E�@?46�:?E@�E96�42FD6D�@7�9:D�4@>�:?8�P� )E@552C5� C642==65�� O�?� 2>:?FE6� 96� 925� >6� ?@E� @?=J566A=J� :?E6C6DE65� 3FE� D@>6H92E2DE@?:D965�� �� DFAA@D65� E92E� �<?6H� E96�A6@A=6�2?5� E96�A@=:E:4D@7� E92E� 4@F?EJ�� 96� 925� 366?� E@=5E92E���5:5��3FE�D@�5:5�96���6�4@F=52D<� 23@FE� E96� 5:776C6?E� AC64:?4ED2?5�E96:C�=625:?8�>6?�2=>@DE�2D�:796�925�=:G65�2>@?8�E96>�P

�*%)�����*,#( )���/!'&-%#,�%#��#0-�� 1#..#

��������

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � �

�����

Who was

Charles Blondin

and what

was he known for?

� � � � � �������� ��������� �������� �������

� � ��

2D� 3@E9� >6?� 925� 366?� =@?8�E:>67C:6?5D��

�D� E96� A=2?D� 7@C� E96� 5F6=� AC@�8C6DD65�� ?F>6C@FD� ?@E6D� H6C6A2DD65� 36EH66?� A2CE:6D� 3J� 7C:6?5D2596C:?8�E@�2�DEC:4E�4@56�@7�4@?5F4E7@C�DF49�>2EE6CD���>@?8�E96�?@E6D�":?4@=?�7:CDE�H2D�4@J�23@FE�E96�=6E�E6CD�E@�E96�65:E@C���6�=2E6C�25>:EE65E@� HC:E:?8� E96� =6EE6C� >2C<65� E96O"@DE�*@H?D9:AP�2?5�D2:5�96�5:5�D@

OH9@==J� 7@C� A@=:E:42=� 67764EP� 2?5O925� ?@� :?E6?E:@?� @7� :?;FC:?80)9:6=5DR1�A6CD@?2=�@C�AC:G2E6�492C�24E6C� LP� �6� 6IAC6DD65� DFCAC:D6E92E�)9:6=5D�925�C624E65�E96�H2J�965:5�

�FE� E96�?@E6D�2=D@� C6G62=65� E92E":?4@=?�H@F=5�?@E�324<�5@H?�7C@>E96�7:89E���6�6IAC6DD65�E92E�96�H2D@AA@D65� E@� E96� 5F6=� 2?5� H@F=52G@:5�:E�:7�96�4@F=5�5@�D@�H:E9�5:8�?:EJ���FE�:7�E96C6�H2D�?@�2=E6C?2E:G6�96�H@F=5�7:89E��

�D�H@C5�@7�E96�A6?5:?8�5F6=�4:C�4F=2E65��E96�>6?�3642>6�762C7F=�@736:?8�2CC6DE65��D@�E96J�=67E�E@H?�:?AC6A2C2E:@?� 7@C� E96� 7:89E�� ":?4@=?28C665� E@� @H?�FA� E@� E96� =6EE6CD� E@E96� 65:E@C� :7� )9:6=5D� H@F=5� H:E9�5C2H�9:D� 492==6?86���6� E96?�5C6HFA� CF=6D� E@� 36� 7@==@H65� :?� 42D6)9:6=5D�A6CD:DE65�H:E9�E96�5F6=�

-62A@?D� H6C6� E@� 36� DH@C5D6BF2=�:?�D:K6�2?5�H6:89E�2?5�4@>�

����������������������������"������

*96� (6AF3=:42?� &2CEJ� :?�==:?@:D� @H6D� 2E� =62DE� A2CE� @7� :ED7@F?5:?8�E@�?6HDA2A6CD��

�44@C5:?8�E@�2��� �9:DE@CJ�@7E96��==:?@:D�&C6DD��DD@4:2E:@?��65:�E@CD� >6E� E@� 5:D4FDD� E96:C� @H?2DD@4:2E:@?�2D�62C=J�2D��������2C=J>66E:?8D� H6C6� 96=5� :?)AC:?87:6=5�� 2?5� 2E� =62DE� D@>6� @7E96>�H6C6�2EE6?565�3J��3C292>":?4@=?RD� 7C:6?5D��):>6@?��C2?4:D@7� E96� �==:?@:D� )E2E6� @FC?2=� 2?5�6@C86�)49?6:56C�@7�E96��6C>2?�=2?8F286� )E22ED�/6:EF?8� :?�9:428@��$@�5@F3E�E92E�@E96CD� :?2EE6?52?46�H6C6�24BF2:?E65�H:E9":?4@=?�2D�H6==�

�?� ����� >66E:?8� H2D� 96=5� :?�642EFC� 2?5� H2D� 4@>AC:D65� @765:E@CD� @AA@D65� E@� E96� !2?D2D�$63C2D<2�3:==��H9:49�":?4@=?�2=D@@AA@D65�� *92E� >66E:?8� O:?7=F�6?465� :?� 2� 4@?DA:4F@FD� H2J� E96A@=:E:42=�>66E:?8�:?�E96�7@==@H:?8#2J� 2E� �=@@>:?8E@?� H96?� E96)E2E6�(6AF3=:42?�&2CEJ�H2D�@C82�?:K65�P

)6G6C2=� ?6HDA2A6CD� 2=C625J925�A@=:E:42=�A2CE:6D�:?�E96:C�?2>6:?4=F5:?8� O�6>@4C2EP� 2?5O-9:8�P� $@H�� D6G6C2=� 6:E96C25565� E96�H@C5�O(6AF3=:42?P� E@E96:C� ?2>6D� @C� H6C6� DE2CE65� E@DFAA@CE� E96� (6AF3=:42?� &2CEJ�%?6� DF49� ?6HDA2A6C� H2D� E96�FC62F� �@F?EJ� (6AF3=:42?� :?&C:?46E@?��H9:49�H2D�7@F?565�:?�������E�H2D�2�DEC@?8�DFAA@CE6C�@7":?4@=?� 7C@>� :ED� 368:??:?8� 2?57C6BF6?E=J� :?4=F565� 4@>A=6E6E6IED� 7C@>� DA66496D� ":?4@=?>256��

*96�?6HDA2A6C�H2D�AFC492D653J� @9?� -:E9?2=� �2:=6J� :?� ������2:=6J��2�?2E:G6�@7�%9:@��:D�4C65:E�65� H:E9� 4@�7@F?5:?8� E96� �==:?@:D&C6DD� �DD@4:2E:@?� :?� ������ �EC6>2:?D�2�DEC@?8�G@:46�7@C��==:?@:D?6HDA2A6CD� E@52J�� *96� �&�� H2D>@56=65�D@>6H92E�27E6C�E96�%9:@$6HDA2A6C��DD@4:2E:@?�

-96?� E96� �&�� H2D� 7@F?565�E96C6�H6C6�23@FE���?6HDA2A6CD:?� E96� DE2E6�� H9:49� H2D� ?62C=J5@F3=6� D:?46� ����� *@52J�� E96C62C6� 23@FE� �� ?6HDA2A6CD� :?�==:?@:D�

����

�##���������*)�+ $#���

�,5.('� ;�� �3(4,'(05�(.(&5>4� 0&1/)135$%.(� �($5�<� 5+,4� &$35110� $22($3('� �$3&+� �� ������ ,0� �3$0-� �(4.,(>4�..6453$5('��(842$2(3����1635(4:��%3$+$/��,0&1.0��3(4,'(05,$.��,%3$3:����64(6/��

�����

What was the

Kansas-Nebraska

Act, and how did it

influence the presi-

dential election in

1860?

���

� �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �� � �� � � ��� � � � �� � � �� � � � �

� � � � �

� � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � �� � �

� � �� � �� � � �

� � � �� � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � � ��

� � �� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � �

�������� �������� ��������� �������� � � � � �

������������� �����������!�� �����

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � �� � �

� �� � � �� � � �

� � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �� �

� � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �� � � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � ��� � �

� � � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �

� � � �

� � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � �� � �� � � �

� � �� � �

� � �� �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �� � �

� � �� � �

� � � �� � � �� � �

� �� � �

� � � � � �� � � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � � �

� � � � � �� � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � �������� ��������� ��������� �������

CFAE:?8� :?7=F6?46D� @7� 6G6?� E92E=@42=:EJ�P�

�������#2CJ� *@55� �H9@� H@F=5� =2E6C

364@>6� ":?4@=?RD� H:76�� 2?5� 96C7C:6?5�� F=:2� 2J?6��925�HC:EE6?�D6G�6C2=� D2E:C:42=� =6EE6CD� E@� E96� 65:E@CF?56C� E96� ?2>6� O(636442�P� *96JA@<65� 7F?� 2E� 2>6D� )9:6=5D��6>@4C2E� DE2E6� 2F5:E@C�� ":?4@=?

25565�7F6=� E@� E96� 7:C6�3J�HC:E:?8�2=6EE6C�E@�E96�65:E@C�7C@>�E96�>JE9:�42=� O"@DE� *@H?D9:A�P� 52E65� �F8����� ������ H9:49� H2D� 2� >:IEFC6� @7?@?D6?D6� 2?5� 244FD2E:@?� 282:?DE)9:6=5D�

�� 7C:6?5� @7� )9:6=5RD� 56>2?565E@� <?@H� H9@� 925� HC:EE6?� E96� =6E�E6CD��2?5�":?4@=?�E@@<�C6DA@?D:3:=:�EJ� 7@C� E96>�� )9:6=5D� E9C6H� @FE� 2492==6?86�E@�":?4@=?��H9@�DA64:7:6542G2=CJ�3C@25DH@C5D�@7�E96�=2C86DED:K6��*96�A=246�7@C�E96�5F6=�H2D�E@

36� H:E9:?� E9C66� >:=6D� @7��=E@?� @?E96�#:DD@FC:�D:56��36J@?5�E96�C6249@7��==:?@:D�=2H��

*96�AF3=:4� 7:CDE�962C5�23@FE� E965F6=�7C@>�2?�65:E@C:2=�:?�E96��=E@?*6=68C2A9�2?5��6>@4C2E:4�(6G:6H@7� %4E�� ��� ������ *96� ?6HDA2A6CHC@E6�� O-6� C64FC� E@� E9:D� >2EE6CH:E9� A2:?� 2?5� E96� 566A6DE� C68C6EP

�� ����������������������������������

�?� 2?� 65:E@C:2=� :?� #2J� ��>2C<:?8�E96���E9�2??:G6CD2CJ�@7E96� ���� (6AF3=:42?� $2E:@?2=�@?G6?E:@?�� E96��9:428@�*C:3F?6HC@E6� E92E� O�3C292>� ":?4@=?RD:>AC@323=6�?@>:?2E:@?�>:89E�36D2:5� E@� @H6� =6DD� E@� E96� 92?5� @7AC@G:56?46�E92?�2��9:428@�7:I�P

�9:428@� 925� @?=J� 23@FE� ���9@>6D�2E�E92E�E:>6��3FE�:E�H2D�9@>6E@�2�92?57F=�@7�92?5D6E�52:=J�?6HD�A2A6CD� :?4=F5:?8� E96� &C6DD� �*C:3F?6�65:E65�3J� @D6A9�#65:==��

#65:==� H6?E� E@� $6H� .@C<� E@=@33J� 7@C� E96� ���� (6AF3=:42?$2E:@?2=��@?G6?E:@?�E@�36�96=5�:?�9:428@��&C:@C� E@� E96�4@?G6?E:@?�E9@FD2?5D� @7� 4@F?E6C76:E� E:4<6EDH6C6� AC:?E65� 2?5� 92?565� @FE� E@A6@A=6� H9@� 4@F=5� D9@FE� @FE� 7@C":?4@=?�� #62?H9:=6�� 8C@FAD@AA@D:?8�":?4@=?�H6C6�A=2465� 2E@AA@D:E6� 6?5D� @7� E96� ���D62E2C6?2�� ?:4<?2>65� E96� -:8H2>�D@�E96:C�G@:46D�4@F=5�?@E�36�;@:?65E@86E96C�� *96� 92==� H2D� 92DE:=J3F:=E�2E�H92E�:D�?@H�E96�4@C?6C�@7-24<6C��C:G6�2?5�"2<6�)EC66E�

�ERD� F?4=62C� 9@H�>F49�@7� 2� C@==#65:==�A=2J65�:?�E96�A@=:E:42=�EC:4<�6CJ�2E� E96�-:8H2>��3FE�9:D�?6HD�A2A6C� AC:?E65� 2� DA64:2=� 7C@?E�A28632??6C� 2??@F?4:?8� O*96�-:??:?8#2?�N��3C292>�":?4@=?�P�2?5�96:D� 4C65:E65�H:E9� D64FC:?8� E96�%9:@G@E6�� H9:49� C6DF=E65� :?� ":?4@=?H:??:?8�E96�?@>:?2E:@?��%9:@�925366?� DFAA@CE:?8� )2=>@?�&���92D6�#65:==�� H:E9@FE� 2FE9@C:EJ� 7C@>":?4@=?��H9:DA6C65�E@�E96�%9:@�C6A�C6D6?E2E:G6�E92E�O$@H�:D�E96�E:>6���7J@F� E9C@H� E96� G@E6� E@� ":?4@=?��92D6� 42?� 92G6� 2?JE9:?8� 96H2?ED�P� �92D6� =2E6C� H2D� ?2>65)64C6E2CJ�@7�E96�*C62DFCJ�

#65:==� C6A@CE65=J� H2D� 369:?572<:?8� 2� A9@E@� E@� D9@H� ":?4@=?9@=5:?8�2�4@AJ�@7�9:D�?6HDA2A6C�*96� 24EF2=� ?6HDA2A6C� H2D� E96�6C>2?�=2?8F286� )E22ED�/6:EF?83FE� H2D� 2=E6C65� @?� E96� AC:?E� E@=@@<�=:<6�E96�&C6DD���*C:3F?6��

"2E6C� 244@F?ED� D9@H� E92E#65:==�H2D�D@>6E:>6D� :>A2E:6?E�6G6?� 7FC:@FD�� 23@FE� ":?4@=?RDD=@H� AC@8C6DD� 2?5� D@>6� @7� 9:D423:?6E� 2AA@:?E>6?ED���44@C5:?8E@� E96� ":?4@=?� �?DE:EFE6�O(6AF3=:42?� 65:E@CD�H6C6� 2�5:77:�4F=E�8C@FA�@7�A@=:E:42=�2?:>2=D� E@

� � � �

������������

�##������*)�+ $#���

�##��������*)�+ $#����0+/�����02(.$/��15%-,3+(2���+(��(73�

�$9(44(���+$.1$,*/�

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �� � �

� � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � �

� �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � ��

� � � � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � �� �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � � � �� � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � �

�+,4��3,5,4+�&$35110�3().(&54��,0&1.0>4�$55(/25�51�)3((�4.$7(4�%:�%6:,0*�5+(/�)31/�5+(��165+���+(�&$25,10�+$'�,0&1.0��'3(44('�$4��%(310��8$05,0*�51�%6:�5+(�&+,.'�51�%(�+,4�;+(0&+/$0�<��+(��165+��3(23(4(05('�%:��,5$0,$�3(4210'4��;�(5�:163�+($35�$5�3(45���+(�0135+(30�.$0'�%6:4�015�5+,4�0(*31�&+,.'�)31/�/(�<��+(�&$35110�$22($3('�23,.���������,0�5+(��10'10��60&+���1635(4:��%3$+$/��,0&1.0��3(4,'(05,$.��,%3$3:����64(6/�

� �� � �� � �

� � � �� � �

� � �� � �� � � �� � �� � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � �� � � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � �� �

� � � � � � �� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � �

� � � � � �� � �� � � � � �

� � � �� �

� � �� � � �

� �� �

� � �� � � �

� � �� � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� �

� � � � �� � � �

� � �� � � �

� �� � � � �� � � �

� � � � �

� � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � �� � � �� � �

� � � � � ��������� �������� ��������� ��������

����������������������������������������

*96� &:<6� &C6DD�� &:EED7:6=5��H2D6DE23=:D965� :?������2D� E96�)F4<6C2?5� �2C>6CRD� (64@C5�� 65:E65� 3J#:4926=� ��$@J6D���

�E�H2D�DF4466565�:?������3J�E96�C66�&C6DD��65:E65�3J�/2492C:29�$��2C3FEE�� � �2C3FEE� 96=A65� C2:D6 @9?� ��� $:4@=2J�� H9@� DF44665659:>� 2D� 65:E@C�� $:4@=2J� >6E�3C292>� ":?4@=?� :?� &:EED7:6=5�2?5� H96?� ":?4@=?� C2?� 7@C� AC6D:�56?E� :?� ����� @9?� $:4@=2J3642>6�9:D�7:CDE�A2:5�6>A=@J66�

�E�H2D�$:4@=2JRD� C64@>>6?52�E:@?� E92E� ":?4@=?� 9:C6� @9?� �2J�H9@�2=D@�925�364@>6�24BF2:?E65H:E9� E96� 7FEFC6���E9�AC6D:56?E� :?&:EED7:6=5�� �@E9�$:4@=2J� 2?5��2J>@G65� E@� )AC:?87:6=5� AC:@C� E@�����2?5�3@E9�D6CG65�2D�":?4@=?RDAC:G2E6�D64C6E2C:6D�E9C@F89@FE�9:DAC6D:56?4J�� �?@E96C� &:<6�@F?E:2?�� �C:88DG:==6� C6D:56?E�92C=6D�&9:=3C:4<�� �2=D@�D6CG65�2D2� D64C6E2CJ� E@� ":?4@=?� 7C@>� ����F?E:=�9:D�2DD2DD:?2E:@?�

@9?� ��� $:4@=2J� HC@E6� @?6� @7E96�7:CDE�65:E@C:2=D�C64@>>6?5:?8�3C292>� ":?4@=?� 7@C� E96� AC6D:�56?4J�� *96C6� :D� 6G:56?46� E92E@E96C�F?D:8?65� 4@=F>?D� :?� 72G@C@7� ":?4@=?� :?� E96� &:<6� �@F?EJ @FC?2=� 2=D@� H6C6� HC:EE6?� 3J$:4@=2J�

*9C@F89@FE� ":?4@=?RD� AC6D:�56?4J�� $:4@=2J� 4@CC6DA@?565H:E9� *96C6?2� �2E6D� @7� &:EED7:6=5�*96� EH@� H6C6� >2CC:65� :?&:EED7:6=5� :?� ������ @9?� �2J� H2D@?6� @7� E96� H655:?8� 8F6DED�$:4@=2J�2?5��2J�=2E6C�4@==23@C2E�65� @?� E96� 7:CDE� >F=E:�G@=F>6":?4@=?�3:@8C2A9J�

�&"% #'��*,#)�� (+!#''��/!'&" .&*)-

� � � � � �

� � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � �� � �

� � �

7:G6�A246D�P��FE�9:D� 7@6��DE2E6�2F5:�E@C� 2>6D� )9:6=5D�� 2� �6>@4C2E� 2?57C:6?5� @7� )E6A96?� �@F8=2D�� >2J92G6� 366?� >@C6� D6C:@FD� 2D� A=2?DH6C6�>256�E@�>66E�:?�#:DD@FC:�D:?465F6=:?8�H2D�:==682=�:?��==:?@:D�

":?4@=?� D@>6E:>6D� AC@@7C6252CE:4=6D�23@FE�9:>D6=7���@==@H:?8�9:D�@@A6C� +?:@?� 255C6DD� :?� ����":?4@=?� H6?E� E@� E96� $6H� .@C<*C:3F?6� E@�96=A�AC6A2C6� E96� DA6649

7@C� AC:?E:?8�� -96?6G6C� A@DD:3=6�":?4@=?� 4@CC64E65� E96� ?6HDA2A6CEJA6��42==65�82==6JD��@7�9:D�DA66496D367@C6� E96J� H6C6� AFE� :?E@� A6C>2�?6?E�AC:?E�:?�E96�A2A6CD�

������������������O�3C2>P� ":?4@=?� �2� >:DDA6==:?8

E92E� AFCDF65� 9:>� :?E@� E96� -9:E6�@FD6�� H2D� 7:CDE� >6?E:@?65� 2D� 2A@DD:3=6� 42?5:52E6� 7@C��@G6C?@C� @7�==:?@:D�H96?�96�H2D� @?=J� ��J62CD

@=5�� E9@F89� 2=C625J� 2� 7@FCE9�E6C>=68:D=2E@C��*96�:562�H2D�3C@24965�3JE96��F=E@?�*6=68C2A9�2?5�C6AC:?E65:?� E96� )2?82>@� @FC?2=�� %4E�� ��������

�?� ������ *96� �6?EC2=� �==:?@:D�2K6EE6� �?@H� *96� $6HD��2K6EE6��92>A2:8?�� H2D� E96� 7:CDE� E@6?5@CD6� ":?4@=?� 7@C� AC6D:56?E��5:E@C� -:==:2>� %D3@C?� )E@552C5�����HC@E6��O-6�925�E96�A=62DFC6�@7:?EC@5F4:?8� E@� E96�9@DA:E2=:E:6D�@7@FC�D2?4EF>�2�76H�52JD�D:?46�E96

�@?���3C292>�":?4@=?���6H�>6?42?�>2<6�2?�9@FC�A2DD�2H2J�>@C628C6623=J�� -6� 5@� ?@E� AC6E6?5� E@<?@H� H96E96C� #C�� ":?4@=?� H:==6G6C� 4@?56D46?5� E@� @44FAJ� E96-9:E6� �@FD6� @C� ?@E�� 3FE� :7� 96D9@F=5��:E�:D�2�4@>7@CE�E@�<?@H�E92E96� 92D� 6DE23=:D965� 7@C� 9:>D6=7� 2492C24E6C� 2?5� C6AFE2E:@?� @7� DF77:�4:6?E� DEC6?8E9�2?5�A2C:EJ� E@�H:E9�DE2?5� E96� 5:DC6AFE23=6� 2?5� 4@C�

��������

�##��������������*)�+ $#���

� � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � �

�0�&$351104�12214,0*��,0&1.0��%.$&-4�8(3(�1)5(0�21353$:('�$4�4$7$*(4��+(.2.(44�13�60,05(..,*(05���0�5+,4�2145(326%.,4+('�%:��633,(3����7(4��5+(�%.$&-�/$0�,0�5+(�/,''.(�,4�/1'(.('�$)5(3�$�&63,14,5:�,0�������$306/>4�&,3&64/64(6/�� �+(� /$0� 10� 5+(� .()5� ,4� �(8� #13-� �3,%60(� �6%.,4+(3� �13$&(� �3((.(:�� ��1635(4:� �%3$+$/� �,0&1.0�3(4,'(05,$.��,%3$3:����64(6/��

������������� ��������

��!�� �����

� �� � � �� � �� � � � �

� �

�������� ��������� �������� �������

�� �

� � � � � �

A2C23=6�E@�E9@D6�FD65�3J�E96�42G2=�CJ�4@>A2?J�2E� 24<D@?G:==6������7@@E�=@?8�3@2C5�H2D�E@�36�7:I65�@?6586� :?� E96�8C@F?5�2D� 2� =:?6� E92EE96�EH@�>6?�4@F=5�?@E�4C@DD��":?6DH6C6� E@� 36�5C2H?�@?� E96� 8C@F?5E@�4C62E6�2�3@I�@?�6:E96C�D:56�@7�E963@2C5�H96C6�E96�>6?�H@F=5�92G6E@�C6>2:?�@C�7@C76:E��":?4@=?�D6=64E�65� 2� *9FCD52J� 2E� �� A�>�� 7@C� E965F6=�3FE�=67E�E96�6I24E�=@42E:@?�FAE@�)9:6=5D�

*96�5F6=�H2D�2G6CE65�7@==@H:?82� A=62�>256� 3J��C�� (�-�� �?8=:D92?5��@=�� @9?� ���2C5:?�0H9@�H2D2?�65:E@C@H?6C�@7�E96��==:?@:D2?�2�?6HDA2A6C�:?� 24<D@?G:==61��

0":?4@=?� AC676CC65� ?@E� E@� E2=<23@FE�E96�5F6=�2?5�=2E6C�AC@>@E65)9:6=5D�E@�3C:825:6C�86?6C2=�:?�E96+?:@?��C>J�1��

��,34028�(4��0.�� +441 ��777�+,340�28/(4�&0.�$%2$+$.�-,/&0-/�12(1$2(3�40�),*+4�$�3$%(2�'5(-�+4.��

FD�5@H?�:?E@�E96�5FDE�@7�E96�62CE9�H9:=6� J6E� E96� 6J6� :D� C65� H:E9H66A:?8�� 2?5� E96� 4966<� :D� H6EH:E9�H2E6C� 7C@>� E96� D@F=RD� 7@F?�E2:?� N� 96�� H9@� 42?� 5@� E96D6�� :D56G@:5�@7�E96�7:?6C�766=:?8D��E9@D656=:42E6� D6?D:3:=:E:6D� N� @7� E92EECF6� 962CE�3@C?� DJ>A2E9J� NH9:49� E9@D6� H9@� D@CC@H� E96566A6DE� A@DD6DD� :?� E96� =2C86DE>62DFC6�

*CF6�D@CC@H�?6G6C�>2<6D�2�5:D�A=2J�@7�:ED6=7��86?F:?6�8C:67�?6G6C4@FCED� E96� 82K6� @7� E96� H@C=5� N3FE�D9F?D�E96�H@?56C:?8�DE2C6�@7>6?�� 2?5� C6E:C6D� E@� D64C6E� A=246DH96C6� :E� >2J� G6?E� :ED6=7� F?D66?2?5�F?962C5�3J�>@CE2=�6J6�@C�62C�

*9FD�H6� 766=� 2D�H6� A6?� E96D6=:?6D�� E9FD� H@F=5� H6� >@FC?� E96562E9� @7� E96� 8C62E� 2?5� 8@@5&C6D:56?E��3C292>�":?4@=?�� E9FD5@� E96�A6@A=6� 766=�@G6C� E96�8C62E42=2>:EJ�H9:49�92D�3672==6?�E96>�

�3C292>�":?4@=?�:D�?@�>@C6���?2E:@?� >@FC?D� E96� =@DD� @7� E96?@3=6DE� >2?�� �==:?@:D� H66AD� @G6CE96�3:6C�@7�96C�>@DE�496C:D965�D@?�"6E�FD�3@H�E96�<?66� :?�9F>3=6DEDF3>:DD:@?� E@� �:>� OH9@� 5@6E92==�E9:?8D�H6==�P

4@CC2=�� -:E9� D@>6� C62D@?�� E96JE9@F89E� E96J� 925� 6=64E65� #C�":?4@=?�� �?5� H:E9� D@>6� C62D@?�E96J�E9@F89E�E96J�925�E96�C:89E�E@5:4E2E6�A@=:4J�2?5�A2EC@?286�P

#65:==� @AA@D65� D=2G6CJ� 2?5D@>6E:>6D� E9@F89E� E92E� ":?4@=?5:5� ?@E� >@G6� DH:7E=J� 6?@F89� @CDEC@?8=J�6?@F89�E@�23@=:D9�:E��

�������

������

������

� � � � � �� � � � � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � � � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � � � �� � � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � � � � �� � � � � � � �

� � � �

� � � � � � � �� � � � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� �

� � � � �

� � � � � �� � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� �

� � � � � �� � � � � � �

� �

� � � � � � � �� � � � � �

� � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � �� � � � � � �

� �

���

"+,.(�5+(�$%17(�$35�)31/���� �,4�$0�,..6453$5,10�$0'�015�$�21.,5,&$.�&$35110��,5�4+184�+18��,0&1.0>4�,/$*(�+$4%((0�41)5(0('�17(3�5,/(���(�$22($34�%(55(3�*311/('�5+$0�+(�','�,0�($3.,(3�&$351104����:($34�($3.,(3���1'(30813-4�+$7(�416*+5�51�21353$:��,0&1.0�$4�-,0'��*(05.(�$0'�8,4(���1/(�5163,4/�$35�(7(0�21353$:('�+,/�8,5+�42,-('+$,3�51�/$-(�+,/�.11-�+,2�$0'�&11.����+,4�'3$8,0*�,4�)31/�5+(��.1:'��45(0'13)��1..(&5,10�� 4('�8,5+�2(3/,4�4,10���/$*(�/$:�015�%(�3(231'6&('�8,5+165�(923(44�83,55(0�2(3/,44,10��

$6HDA2A6CD� :?� �3C292>� ":?4@=?RD� 52J� FD65� C6G6CD6� 42CG:?8D� E@:>AC:?E� :>286D� :?� E96�?6HDA2A6C���E� 72C� C:89E� :D�2�>6E2=�6?8C2G:?8�@7":?4@=?���E� =67E� :D� E96� :>286� E92E�H2D� AC@5F465� FD:?8� E96� 6?8C2G:?8�H9:49�:D�>@F?E65�@?�2�3=@4<�@7�H@@5�

� � � � ��������������!��������������������������������)&� '0--07*/(� *3� "/� &%*402*"-� 4)"4

"11&"2&%�*/�4)&��12*-����� ���*335&0'� 4)&� �&/&3&0� �&15#-*$� '0--07*/(�*/$0-/�3� "33"33*/"4*0/�� �4� *3� 2&12&�3&/4"4*6&� 0'� 3&/4*.&/43� 3)"2&%� #9."/9�/&731"1&23�"$2033�4)&�$05/429�

"@?8� 6C6� E96D6� =:?6D� >66E� E966J6D�@7�@FC�C6256CD�E96J�H:==�92G6=62C?65� E96� E6CC:3=6� ECFE9� E92E�3C292>� ":?4@=?� 92D� 72==6?� 3JE96�3=@@5J�92?5D�@7�E96�AC@H=:?82DD2DD:?�� ?6CG65� 3J� E96� 56>@?92E6�@7�2�EC2:E@CRD�962CE�*96J�H:==�92G6�=62C?65�E92E�E96

?@3=6DE�2?5�36DE�@7��>6C:42?�4:E:�K6?D�� E96� AFC6DE� 2?5� =62DE� D6=7:D9@7� �>6C:42?� DE2E6>6?E�� E96H2C>6DE� 2?5� ECF6DE� @7��>6C:42RD7C:6?5D�� 92D� 366?� DEC:4<6?� 5@H?3J� E96� 3=24<�D@F=65� CF77:2?�� 2?5?@H� D=66AD� E96� D=66A� E92E� <?@HD?@�H2<:?8��E9:D�D:56�@7�6E6C?:EJ�*96J�H:==�92G6�=62C?65�E92E�@FC

?@3=6�&C6D:56?E��E@�H9@>�2==�6J6DH6C6� EFC?65�� :?�H9@>� 2==� 9@A6DH6C6�46?E6C65��E@H2C5�H9@>�E9627764E:@?D� @7� 2� ?2E:@?� 8FD9657@CE9�� 2?5� 7@C� H9@>� 2� ?2E:@?RDAC2J6CD�H6C6� @776C65� 52:=J�N�96H9@�42CC:65�E9:D�4@F?ECJ�E9C@F892�DECF88=6�DF49�2D�?@�@E96C�?2E:@?6G6C� 6IA6C:6?465�� 2?5� 3C@F89E� :E7@CE9� E@� 8=@C:@FD� E6C>:?2E:@?� N96� N� �3C292>� ":?4@=?� N� 92D72==6?� G:4E:>� E@� 2� 92E6�� E96� >@DE4FCD65� 2?5� 56G:=:D9� E92E� 6G6C3FC?65� :?� E96� 362DE� @7� >@CE2=>2?���$@?6� 3FE� 2� 7:6?5� 4@F=5� 92G6

A6CA6EF2E65� E96� 9@CC:3=6� 4C:>6�2?5� ?@?6� 3FE� 2� EC2:E@C@FD� 92?54@F=5� 92G6� 562=E� E96� >FC56C@FD3=@H��6��H9@�42?�5@�>@C6�E92?�D:>�

A=J�2??@F?46�E96�>6=2?49@=J�724EE92E��3C292>�":?4@=?�:D�?@�>@C6N� E92E� @FC� &C6D:56?E� :D� 5625�ND=2:?�3J�2?�2DD2DD:?��8@?6��96�H9@42?�5@�>@C6�E92?�E9:D�2E�AC6D6?E�42?� ?@E� 766=� ?@C� 2AAC64:2E6� E96A2?8D� E92E� HC:?8� E96� 962CED� @7�>6C:42?�&6@A=6��6��H9@�42?�HC:E6�=@?8�6DD2JD�

@C�56=:G6C�=6?8E9J�9@>:=:6D�H9:=6J6E� E96� 82A:?8� H@F?5� :D� 7C6D9�2?5�3=665:?8��H9:=6�J6E� E96�E6CC:�3=6� H6:89E� @7� @FC� D@CC@HD� 4CFD9

� � � � �������� �������� ��������� ��������

� � �� � � � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �� � �� � � � �

� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � �� � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � � � �

� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � �� � � � � � �

� �� � �

� �� � � �� � � � � �

� � � � �

� � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � � �� � � � �

� � � � � �� � � �

� � � �� � � � � �� � � � � � �� � � �

� � � � � � � � �

� � � � � �� � � � �

�� � �

� � � �� � � �

� � �� � � �

� � � �� � � �� � � �� � � �

� � � ��##��������*)�+ $#����E�E96�E:>6�@7�":?4@=?RD�562E9�:?�������:E�H2D�4FDE@>2CJ�7@C�E96�>@DE�:>A@CE2?E�?6HD�E@�2AA62C�@?�A286����2D�D9@H?

23@G6�:?�E96�!6?52==��@F?EJ�(64@C5��.@C<G:==6��*96�A286�H2D�@FE=:?65�:?�3=24<�2?5�25@C?65�H:E9�3=24<�4@=F>?�=:?6DE@�D:8?:7J�E96�562E9�@7�D@>6@?6�@7�DE2EFC6��

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �� � � �

�����Find a news story and

an editorial onthe same topic.Can you explain

the differences?

� � � � � � �

��������� ���� �������������������������� � ���������������������� ������������

������������������� ��$�������#� ������ ���# ������������#�#� ����"�� ����� �#�������� ����� #���� ��������������#� ��������� ��������������������� ���� ������ �������������������� �!����������

��� ���� ���� ������������������� ����� ������ ���� ��� �� �� ����� ��� ����#� �� �� ���"������� ������� ������ ������� ������#������ ��#� �� #� �� �������� #� ���������#� ������������"�������� ��������� ���������� �������"�#� � ���� ��������� #� ��

�(���&'�#"&�#%����"��"�'��� �*#('�'#���'*#(%�"���&�

0��$�&�������)�!�%*)�)���"�'���1�'%*��))%�.%*��.����2���$$�'�$��'�&"����, )��.%*'$�,(&�&�'� ��$$�'( �$�.%*'�%,$�$�#�)%�)���"�))�'

0� ���$��� )���%" %�" $���)�)���)%&�%�)���&���(�)%� $�"*��.%*'�$�,(&�&�'

0� ���$��� )��1����2� �"%�!(� )%� $�%"$� )' + �� %'� "�(�(%$(� )��)� � )� .%*'�%##*$ ).

0��,�&�%*)��$.�%�)��� ( ����'(� �%'� %$�'��"��) $�� .%*'� %,$�%##*$ ).

0� �( �$� .%*'%,$� �%+�'� *( $�� �')&'%+ ����%'�.%*'�%,$�')

0� ��� &���(� )%���%##%��)�� #%'���+�') ( $�� %'� "%��"� $�%"$�&���(

0��(��)����')��$�()%' �(�(�&�'�)�".��(�$� ���� �'%��(���)(��) %$�%'��(���(�' �(, )��.%*'�"%��"��%&.

0� ��� .%*'� )��&���(��'��"%$��'��������"%�!��)�)����%))%#, )����+�') ( $���&*/�/"�(�� ��#�(�� ,%'���� $ ) %$(���)��

0� ��� �%"%')�'%*��%*)

0��$�&��������'��&"����)���$�,(&�&�'� (&"�.���, )����� $��%"$��'�� #���� %�.%*'�%,$�$�,(&�&�'

0� �' $)� �-)'��%& �(�)%�� +��)%�.%*'"%��"�(��%%"(

�%�&�"'����*�'��� �"#�&��%�&&

�&&#���'�#"�#("��'�#"�"�$�%'"�%&��$�)�'��'��

��%���!� �"�# "�%�&���"'�� � ��%�%*

���(&�(!)�'���("��"���%#!�'��������#��("���!�&

���%�'*��%(&'

����!��%+�'�

(Back page left blank for advertising)