A

A IN B Auto in basementAA Automobile Assn.AAA Agricultural Adjustment Administration; American Automobile Assn.AACR Anglo-American Cataloguing RulesAACR2 Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules 2d. ed.AACCCM Anglo-American Cataloguing Committee for Cartographic MaterialsAAES American Assn. of Engineering SocietiesAAG Assn. of American GeographersAAGS American Assn. for Geodetic SurveyingAAG Assn. of American GeographersAAPG American Assn. of Petroleum GeologistsAARLS Arkansas Assn. of Registered Land SurveyorsAARS Asian Assn. on Remote SensingAARSE African Association for the Remote Sensing of the EnvironmentAASG Assn. of American State GeologistsAASP American Assn. of Stratigraphic PalynologistsAB Air baseABAG Assn. of Bay Area Governments (California)ABET Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Inc.ABN American Bank Note CompanyABS Australian Bureau of StatisticsABSM Alberta Bureau of Surveying and MappingAbzw AbzweigstelleAC Aerospace Center; Air Corps; American Cartographer (journal)A.C. Antonio CastroA/C AircraftACA American Cartographic Assn.; American Conservation Assn.; Automovil

Club Argentino; Aerial Cartographics of America (Firm)

ACACCAssn. des cartoth`eques et archives cartographiques du Canada = Assn. of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives

ACAPS Automated Chart Production System (C&GS)ACC Assn. des cartoth`eques et archives du Canada = Assn. of Canadian Map

Libraries and Archives; Academia de Ciencias de CubaACC Association canadienne de cartographieAC&C Office of Aeronautical Charting and Cartography (U.S.)ACCDTS Advisory Committee on Canadian Digital Toponymic ServicesAccuDEM High-accuracy DEMAccu- High-accuracy DEM Draped Images

DRAPEACD Aeronautical Charting Division (C&GS)ACDDS Advanced Cartographic Data Digitizing SystemACE Advanced Cartographic Equipment; Advanced Cartographic Environment

(PCI Carto Inc.)ACEC American Consulting Engineers CouncilACG Association canadienne des geographes; Address Coding GuidesACI Assn. Cartographique Internationale = International Cartographic Assn.ACIC Aeronautical Chart and Information Center (U.S.); Automated Cartographic

Information Center (Univ. of Minnesota Library)ACIU Central Interpretation Unit (Royal Air Force, Great Britain)ACLS Assn. of Canadian Lands SurveyorsACM Assn. for Computing MachineryACMGIS Assn. for Computing Machinery Geographic Information SystemsACML Assn. of Canadian Map LibrariesACMLA Assn. of Canadian Map Libraries and ArchivesACMS Automated Census Mapping SystemACM- SIGGRAPH

Assn. for Computing Machinery Special Interest Group on Graphics

ACOE Army Corps of Engineers (U.S.)ACRES Australian Centre for Remote SensingACRS Asian Conference on Remote SensingACS Advanced Cartographic Systems; Agricultural Cooperative Service;

Automated Cartographic Systems; Automatic chemical sprinklers; Attitude Control Subsystem (Landsat); American Community Survey (USBC)

ACSAD Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry LandsACSC Automobile Club of Southern CaliforniaACSM American Congress on Surveying and MappingACSTTO Assn. of Certified Survey Technicians and Technologists of OntarioACT Administration du Cadastre et de la Topographie (Luxembourg); Australian

Capital TerritoryAD Administrative Division (USGS); Aeronautical dataA/D Analog to digitalADAC Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-ClubADAR Airborne Data Acquisition and Registration (Positive Systems, Inc.)ADC Alexandria Drafting Company; American Digital Cartography IncA-DCS Advanced/Data Collection SystemADDA American Design Drafting Assn.ADE AutoCAD Data ExtensionADEOS Advanced Earth Observing SatelliteADEPT Alexandria Digital Earth PrototypeADF Application Development Facility (GeoVision Corp.)

ADFG Alaska Dept. of Fish and GameADI Areas of Dominent Influence (USBC TIGER)ADK Arealdatakontoret (Denmark)ADL Alexandria Digital LibraryAdm. Admiral; AdmiraltyADM1 First-order administrative divisionADM2 Second-order administrative divisionADNR Alaska Dept. of Natural ResourcesADOT Arizona Dept. of TransportationADOTPF Alaska Dept. of Transportation and Public FacilitiesADP Automated data processingADPDP Alaska Division of Policy Development and PlanningADR Aerial Data Reduction Associates Inc.ADRG ARC-digitized raster graphics (USDMA)ADRGs Arc digitized raster graphics(USDMA)ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber LineAd. St. Aldolf StielerADT Advanced Data Technologies, Inc.; Abstract Data TypeAdV Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Vermessungsverwaltungen der Lander der

Bundesrepublik DeutschlandADW Agricultural drainage wellADWR Arizona Dept. of Water ResourcesA/E Architectural/engineeringA&E Architect and EngineeringAEC Architecture, engineering and constructionAED Analysis and Evaluation Div.

AEFAlliance for Environmental Education; Accurate Environmental Forecasting, Inc.

AEG Association of Engineering GeologistsAEI Aerial Exposure IndexAEIDC Arctic Environmental Information Data CenterAEM Atmospheric Explorer MissionAERS Advanced Earth Resources SatelliteAES Analysis and Evaluation StaffAESE Association of Earth Science EditorsAest. Aestuarium = EstuaryAE2S Advanced Engineering and Environmental Services, Inc.

AFA American Forestry Assn.; Automatic fire alarmAFB Air Force base; Aerial FotoBank (Firm)AFCEA Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Assn.AFE Automated feature extraction

AFF American Fact Finder (DADSO)AFFRC Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Center (Japan)AFI American Forest Inst.AFLAG Asean Federation of Land Surveying and GeomaticsAFREF African Geodetic Reference FrameAfRL Akademie fur Raumforschung und Landesplanung (Germany)AFS Air Force stationAFT Ambiguity function techniqueAFWA Air Force Weather Agency (U.S.)AG Attorney GeneralAGC Assn. Geologique du Canada; Arkansas Geological CommissionAGCHO Afghan Geodesy and Cartography Head OfficeAGCO Afghan Geodesy and Cartography OfficeAGDS Automated Graphics Digitizing SystemAGI American Geological Inst.; Assn. for Geographic Information (London);

Analytical Graphics, Inc.

AGICAlabama Geographic Information Council; Arizona Geographic Information Council

AGILE Association of Geographic Information LaboratoriesAGIO Arkansas Geographic Information OfficeAGIS Automated Geographic Information SystemAgRI- STARS

Agriculture and Resources Inventory Surveys through Aerospace Remote Sensing

AGS American Geographical Society; Alberta Geological SurveyAGSL American Geographical Society LibraryAGSO Australian Geological Survey OrganisationAGSS American Geographical and Statistical SocietyAGU American Geophysical UnionAHAP Alaska High-altitude Aerial Photography (program)AHCPR U.S. Agency for Health Care and Policy ResearchAHDAS Adaptable Hydrologic Data Acquisition SystemAHDS Arts and Humanities Data ServiceAHRS Attitude and Heading Reference SystemAHS Automated Highway SystemAI Artificial intelligence; Appraisal Inst.AIA American Inst. of ArchitectsAI/ANA American Indian/Alaska Native AreaAIC Australian Institute of CartographersAICP American Inst. of Certified PlannersAID Agency for International Development; Aeronautical information dataAIH American Inst. of HydrologyAILESP American Indian Lands Environmental Support Project

AIMSAirborne Integrated Mapping System; Automated Investigation Measurement System (Nikon)

AIPG American Inst. of Professional GeologistsAIPP Ambroziak Infinite Perspective ProjectionAIR American Indian reservationAIRB Alabama Inspection and Rating BureauAIRS Atomspheric Infrared SounderAIREA American Inst. of Real Estate AppraisersAIRS Atmospheric infrared sounderAISH Assn. Internationale des Sciences Hydrologiques = International Assn. of

Hydrological SciencesAJG African Journal of GeoinformationAK AlaskaAL AlabamaAla. AlabamaALA American Library Assn.ALAE Atmospheric LymanAlpha EmissionsALARS Alaska Land and Resources SystemALI Advanced Land ImagerALIS Automated Land Information System (TVA)ALMRS Automated Land and Mineral Record System (US BLM)ALOHA Aerial Locations of hazardous Atmospheres (model)ALP Automated Lands ProjectALSA Alberta Land Surveyors AssociationAlt. AltitudeALTA American Land Title Assn.ALTM Airborne Laser Terrain Mapper (Optech)ALTMS Airborne Laser Topographic Mapping SystemAM Automated MappingAMA Associacion Mexicana Automovilistica

AMADAirborne Missions and Applications Division (NASA-Ames Research Center)

AMAP Arctic Monitoring and Assessment ProgramAMC Assn. Mineralogique du Canada; Australian Map Circle Inc.AME Aero-Metric Engineering Inc.AM/FM Automated mapping/facilities managementAMG Australian Map GridAMI Applied Mapping Inc.AMIE Airglow Measurements of Infrared Measurements EmissionsAMIS Aviation Management Information SystemAMISAR Active Microwave ImagerSynthetic Aperture RadarAML ARC Macro Language

AMPS Automatic Mapping and Planning SystemAMS Army Map Service; American Meteorological Society; Attitude

Measurement Sensor; Automated Mapping SystemAMSD Adjusted Mapping Support DataAMSR Advanced Microwave Scanning RadiometerAMSU Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (JPL)An. Anno = yearA.N.A. Asociacion Nacional Automovilistica (Mexico)ANA Area Navigation ApproachANAE Atlas of North American EnglishANARE Australian National Antarctic Research ExpeditionsANGEL Airborne Natural Gas Emission Lidar (ITT)ANTGS Alaska Natural Gas Transportation SystemANMS Automated Notice to Mariners SystemANOVA Analyses of varianceANRC Alaska Native Regional Corp.ANSI American National Standards Inst.ANV Alaska Native villageANVSA Alaska Native village statistical areaANWR Arctic National Wildlife RefugeANZLIC Australia New Zealand Land Information CouncilAO Area of OperationsAOA Allen Osborne Associates, Inc.AODC Australian Oceanographic Data CentreAOI Area of InterestAOIPS Atmospheric and Oceanographic Image Processing SystemAOL America On LineAOLS Assn. of Ontario Land SurveyorsAOML Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological LaboratoryAOO American Oceanographic OrganizationAOSS Ashtech Office Suite for SurveyAP Analytical PlotterAPA American Planning Assn.APCA Air Pollution Control Assn.APBEL Atlantic Provinces Board of Examiners for Land SurveyorsAPCM Aerial Photography Contract Management SystemAPD Automated Plat Design (ConneXt, Inc.)A.P.D.R. Avec privilege du Roi = By license of the KingAPE Allen Precision EquipmentAPEGGA Assn. of Professional Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists of AlbertaAPFO Aerial Photography Field Office (USDA)API American Petroleum Inst.; Application programming interface

APIS Aerial Photography Information SystemAPMI Aerial Photography Micrographic Index System (USGS)Apo. ApogeeAPPSR Aerial Photography Progress Summary ReportAPQF Aerial Photography Quad FileAPR Airborne Profile RecorderAPS Aerosol Polarimetry SensorAPSR Aerial Photography Summary RecordAPSRS Aerial Photography Summary Record System (USGS)APT Automatic picture transmission; Area proportional toAPTS Aerial Profiling of Terrain SystemAPWA American Public Works Assn.APWWA American Public Water Works Assn.AR ArkansasARA Address Register Area; Algemeen Rijksarchief (Netherlands)ARAMCO Arabian American Oil CompanyArb. ArbeiterARC Ames Research Center (NASA); Appalachian Regional CommissionARCC American Rivers Conservation CouncilArcFM Arc Facilities Manager (ESRI)Arch. Architect; ArchitectureArc-SDE Arc Spatial Data EngineARG American Resources GroupARIA Arizona Regional Image Archive

ARISAlabama Resource Information System; Arizona Resources Information System

Ark. Arkansas

ARMAdministracion de Recursos Minerales (Panama); Airborne Remote Mapping

ARMIS Arkansas Resource Management Information SystemArr. ArrondissementARRSTC Asian Regional Remote Sensing Training CentreARS Agricultural Research Service (USDA)ARSC Australian Remote Sensing ConferenceARSP Applied Remote Sensing Program (Univ. of Arizona)Artil. ArtilleryARZ AutoRestricted ZoneAS Anti-spoofing; Area source; automatic sprinklersA-S Anti-spoofingASA American Standards Assn.ASAP Advanced Scientific Array Processor; Agricultural Sciences Advisory PanelASAR Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar

ASB. CL. Asbestos-covered frame buildingASC American Society of CartographersASCE American Society of Civil EngineersASCF Ames Satellite Communications FacilityASCIE American Standard Code for Information ExchangeASCII American Standard Code for Information InterchangeASCLA Assn. of Specialized and Cooperative Library Agencies (ALA)ASCP America Society of Consulting PlannersASCS Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (USDA)ASDD Australian Spatial Data DirectoryASDI Australian Spatial Data InfrastructureASEE American Society for Engineering EducationASF Alaska SAR FacilityASFE Assn. of Soil and Foundation EngineersASFPM Assn. of State Floodplain ManagersASGA Assn. des Services Geologiques AfricainsASHTD American Assn. of State Highway and Transportation OfficialsASI Analytical Surveys, Inc.ASLA American Society of Landscape ArchitectsASLO American Society of Limnology and OceanographyASMC Alaska Surveying and Mapping ConferenceASO Australian Survey OfficeASP American Society of Photogrammetry; Application service providerASPG American Society for Professional GeographersASPLS Alabama Society of Professional Land Surveyors; Alaska Society of

Professional Land SurveyorsASPRS American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote SensingASPS Arkansas Society of Professional SurveyorsASRL Atmospheric Sciences Research LaboratoryAss. AssociationAssn. AssociationAST Atlantic Standard Time; Automated Summary TablesASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection RadiometerASTM American Society for Testing MaterialsAT Aero-TriangulationATC Air Target Chart; Advance Technology Corp.ATID Attribute IDATISRoads

Arizona Transportation Information System (ADOT)

ATKIS Amtliches Topographisch-Kartographisches InformationssystemATM Adaptive triangular meshATMET Atmospheric, Meteorological and Environmental Technologies, LLC

ATMS Advanced Technology Microwave SounderATON Aids to NavigationATR1 Automatic Target Recognition module (Leica)ATS Advanced Technology Satellite; Applications Technology Satellite;

Automated Technical Systems (Firm)AU Astronomical unitAURISA Australasian Urban and Regional Information Systems Assn.AUSDEC Australasian Data Exchange CentreAUSLIG Australian Surveying and Land Information GroupAv. AvenueAV Audio-visual; AmericaViewAVCA Audio-visual and Cartographic Archives Div., National Archives of CanadaAve. AvenueAVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution RadiometerAVI Audio Visual InterleaveAVIRIS Advanced Visible/InfraRed Imaging SpectrometerAVL Automatic Vehicle LocationAVNIR Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer

AVOAlaska Volcano Observatory; Audio/visual object; Amplitude Versus Offset;

AVRI Arizona Vegetation Resource InventoryAVS Application Visualization System (Visual Systems, Inc.)AWAR Area weighted average resolutionAWG Association for Women GeoscientistsAWIPS Advanced Weather Interactive Processing SystemAWLS American West Land Surveying (Firm)AWMC Ancient World Mapping CenterAWMSAS ArcView Marine Spill Analysis SystemAWRA American Water Resources Assn.AWS Air Weather ServiceAWWA American Water Works Assn.AZ ArizonaA.Z. Alexander ZakreskiAzMAP Arizona Mapping Advisory Council

B

B BulletinB&L Boggs and LewisBA Booksellers Assn. of Great Britain & IrelandBAAMA Bay Area Automated Mapping Assn.

BADGER Bay Area Digital GeoResourceBAKOSUR- TANAL

Badan Koordinasi Survey dan Pemetaan Nasional (Indonesia) = National Coordination Agency for Surveying and Mapping (Indonesia)

Banobras Banco Nacional de Obras y Servicios Publicos (Mexico)BAOR British Army of the RhineBAOSC Bay Area Open Space CouncilBARCIS BARCode Information SystemBARD San Francisco Bay Area Regional DatabaseBARP Bundesamt fur Raumplanung (Switzerland)BART Bay Area Rapid Transit District (California)BAS British Antarctic SurveyBASIC Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code; Bay Area Shared

Information Consortium

BASINSBetter Assessment Science Integrating Point and Nonpoint Systems (USEPA)

BATCO Boulder Area Trails CoalitionBB Band-by-band; BlattbereichBBS Bulletin board systemBC British Columbia; Ballistic camera; Bureau of the Census (U.S.)BCC Bibliographic Control Committee (ACMLA)BCDC Bay Conservation and Development CommissionBCGS Board of Coast and Geodetic Survey (Philippines)BCH BeachBCSS Battlefield Command Support System (Australian Army)BDC Base de donnees sur les collectivities (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada)BDET Bengston, DeBell, Elkin & Titus Ltd.BDG BridgeBdy BoundaryBE Brick enclosed elevatorBEA Bernhard, Eisenbraun and Associates; Bureau of Economic Analysis (US)B.E.F. British Expeditionary ForceBEG Bureau of Economic Geology (Texas)

BEICIPBureau d'Etudes Industrielles et de Cooperation de l'Institut Francais du Petrole

bes. besondersBES Bureau of Environmental Service (Portland, Oregon)Betrbf BetriebsbahnhofBETS Brunson Electronic Triangulation SystemBEV Bundesamt fur Eich- und Vermessungswesen (Austria)BFE Base flood elevationBfGR Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (Germany)BfLR Bundesanstalt fur Landeskunde und Raumentwicklung (Germany)

BG Block groupBGC Business Geographics ConferenceBGHT BightBGN Board on Geographic Names (U.S.)bgs Below ground surfaceBGS British Geological SurveyBgw. Bergwerk = mineBhf. Bahnhof = Railway station

BHICBrabants Historisch Informatie Centrum = Brabant Historical Information Centre

BHS Boston Harbor Software, Inc.BI Big Idea (NIMA); Business intelligenceBIA Bureau of Indian Affairs (U.S.)BIC Borderlands Information Center (Texas)BICI Book item contribution identifierBIG Brunei Institution of GeomaticsBIL Band Interleaved by LineBIMCC Brussels International Map Collectors' Circle

BIOMAPSBiodiversity Mapping for Protection and Sustainable Use of Natural Resources

BIOTROP Regional Center for Tropical Biology (Indonesia)BIP Band Interleaved by PixelBl. BoulevardBLDG BuildingBLG Binary line generalizationBLIS Brownfields Location Information System (Wisconsin Dept. of Commerce)BLM Bureau of Land Management (U.S.)BLOB Binary large objectBLPU Basic land and property unitBLS Bahamas Lands and Surveys Dept.BLT Bundesamt fur Landestopographie (Switzerland)BLVA Bayerisches LandesvermessungsamtBlvd. BoulevardBM Bench mark; Bureau of MinesBMA Botswana Ministry of AgricultureBMAC Bactria Margiana Archaeology ComplexBMDO Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (U.S.)BMG Bureau of Mines and Geosciences (Philippines).BMP Bitmapped image format (Microsoft Corp.)BMR Bureau of Mineral Resources (Australia, Papua New Guinea)BMW Barclay Mapworks, Inc.BN Biblioth`eque Nationale

BNA Block numbering areaBND Stream bendBNDT Base nationale de donnees topographiques (Canada)BnF Bibliotheque national de FranceBNPC Bathymetric navigation planning chartBNPD Bivariate Normal Probability DensityBNSC British National Space CentreBOA Building omission areaBOC Bureau of the CensusBOFRS Books and Open-File Report Section (USGS)BOLS BADGER On-line ServiceBOM Bureau of MinesBOP Bureau of PrintingBOR Bureau of Reclamation (U.S.)BOREAS Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study

BORPELSBoard of Registration for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors (Calif.)

BOSS Behavior of Offshore Structures, Conference onBOTUS Best of the U.S. (Space Imaging)BP Boundary marker (USDMA)BPA Bonneville Power AdministrationBPI Bits per InchBPPT Badan Pembinaan dan Penerapan Teknologi (Indonesia)BPR Bureau of Public RoadsBPS Bits per SecondBR Bureau of Reclamationbr. breitBr. BreiteBrck. Brucke = bridgeBRFD Bidirectional reflectance distribution functionBRGM Bureau de recherches geologique et minieres (France)BRICMICS British and Irish Committee for Map Information and Catalogue SystemsBRH Bush, Roed & Hitchings (Firm)BRS Bibliographic Retrieval ServiceBS Bureau of Statistics (Japan)Bs. As. Buenos AiresBSB Bayerische StaatsbibliothekBSC Boston Survey ConsultantsBSE Base flood elevationBSNH Headwater basinBSQ Band SequentialBSU Base Spatial Unit

BT Base TopoBTA Basic Trading Areas (FCC)BTS Bureau of Transportation Statistics (US)BUIS Beihai Urban Information CenterBUPMIS Beihai Urban Planning Management Information SystemBUPNIS Beijing Underground-Network Information SystemBUTE ButteBVG Berliner Verkehrs GesellschaftBVU Brightness Value UnitB/W Black and whiteBWC Bandwidth CompressionBWE Bandwidth Expansion

C

C Cartography; Celsius (degrees)ca. Circa

CACalifornia; Cartographic and architectural; Census agglomeration (Canada)

C/A Coarse-Acquisition (code)

CAACivil Aeronautics Administration (U.S.); Civil Aviation Authority (Great Britain)

CAADCartographic and Architectural Archives Div., National Archives of Canada

CACCenter for Advanced Computation (Univ. of Illinois); Compressed Aeronautical Chart (U.S. government)

CACS Canadian Active Control SystemCAD Computer-aided drafting; Computer assisted designCADD Computer-aided design and draftingCADMAP Computer-aided drafting, mapping, and photogrammetryCADRG Compressed ADRGCAFF Conservation of Arctic Flora and FaunaCAFM Computer-aided facility managementCAG Canadian Association of Geographers

CaGISCartography and Geographic Information Science (journal)); Cartography and Geographic Information Systems (journal)

CAGIS Cartography and Geographic Information SocietyCal. CaliforniaCalif. CaliforniaCALMIT Center for Advanced Land Management Information Technologies

(Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln)

CALSConnecticut Assn. of Land Surveyors; Computer-aided acquisition and logistic support; Computer Assisted Land Survey System (SPDK)

CALTRANS California Dept. of TransportationCAM Computer aided mappingCAMA Computer-aided mass appraisal system (Montana)CAMEO Computer-Aided Management of Emergency Operations System (U.S.)

CAMFERCenter for the Assessment & Monitoring of Forest & Environmental Resources (Univ. of Calif., Berkeley)

CAN Controlled Area NetworkCANRI Community Access to Natural Resources InformationCanSIS Canadian Soil Information SystemCANSPACE Canadian Space Geodesy ForumCanVec Canadian Vector DataCAP Cooperative Agreements Program (FGDC)CAPCO Capital Area Planning Council (Texas)CAPDU Canadian Assn. of Public Data Users

CARCurriculum, Accreditation and Registration Committee (ACSM); Central African Republic

CARESCenter for Agricultural, Resource, and Environmental Systems (Univ. of Missouri)

CARL Canadian Assn. of Research Libraries

CARSComputer-Assisted Reproduction; Center for Applications of Remote Sensing (Oklahoma State Univ.)

CASA Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (Univ. College, London)CASE Computer-Aided Software EngineeringCASI Compact Airborne Spectrographic ImagerCaSIL California Spatial Information LibraryCASS Coding and Accuracy Support System (USPS)CAST Center for Advanced and Spatial Technologies (Univ. of Arkansas)CAT Computer Assisted ThermographyCATS Consequences Assessment Tool Set (FEMA)

CAVACartographic and Audio-Visual Archives Div. = Div. des archives cartographiques et audio-visuelles (DACA), National Archives of Canada

CAZRI Central Arid Zone Research InstituteCB Column builderC.B. Hollow concrete or cement block constructionCBD Central business districtCBEP Community-Based Environmental Protection (USEPA program)CBEPS Canadian Board of Examiners for Professional SurveyorsCBET Concrete block enclosed elevatorCBF Cartographic boundary file

CBI China Burma India Theatre of Operations (WW II)

CBLCentraal Bureau Luchtkartering (Suriname); Calibration (or calibrated) base line

cbm Kubikmeter (cubic meter)CBM Coalbed Methane Map (Wyoming State Geological Survey)CBN Cooperative Base NetworkCBP Chesapeake Bay ProjectC. BR Concrete, lime, cinder or cement brickCBS Community Base StationCBWE Corn Blight Watch ExperimentCC Cartographic CatalogC.C. Chain carrierCCA Canadian Cartographic Assn.CCAFS Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (Florida)CCAP Competative Cooperative Agreements Program (U.S.)

CCBCCMCanadian Committee for the Bibliographic Control of Cartographic Materials

CCCCanadian Committee on Cataloging; Cataloging and Classification Committee (MAGERT)

CCCELS California Council of Civil Engineers and Land Surveyors

CCDCensus county division; Computer Center Div. (USGS); Charged couple device; Charged-coupled device; Charge-coupled device

CCDM Core Cadastral Domain ModelCCELC Canada Committee on Ecological Land ClassificationCCGE Canadian Council on Geographic EducationCCGM Center for Computing Graphics (Delft Univ. of Technology)CCIG Centre canadien d'information sur la geoscienceCCID Chain component IDCCISA Congress of Cartographic Information Specialist AssociationsCCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative CommitteeCCK Centrale Catalogus Kartografie (National Library of the Netherlands)CCLS Canadian Council of Land SurveyorsCCM Canada Centre for Mapping; Compressed County Mosaic (USDA)CCNS4 Computer Controlled Navigation System (E. Coyote Enterprises, Inc.)CCPS Central Colorado Professional SurveyorsCCRS Canada Centre for Remote SensingCCS Census consolidated subdivision (Canada)CCT Computer Compatible Tape; Centro de Ciencia TropicalCD Compact disc; Conservation Div. (USGS); Committee Draft (ISO)CDA Colorado Dept. of AgricultureCDC California Dept. of Conservation; Control Data CorporationCD-CINC CD-ROM Consistent Interface Committee (U.S.)

CDED Canadian Digital Elevation Data

CDFCumulative distribution function; California Dept. of Forestry (and Fire Protection)

CDFG California Dept. of Fish and GameCDFS Cloud Depiction and Forecast SystemCDH Communications and data handlingCDi Compact Disk interactiveCDIS Coordinated Design and Information SystemCDMG California Div. of Mines and GeologyCDN Coordinates, definitions and notationsCDOT Colorado Dept. of TransportationCDOW Colorado Division of WildlifeCDOWG CD-ROM Data Origination Working Group (U.S.)

CDPCartographer Development Program; Census designated place; Colorado Division of Planning

.CDR CorelDraw formatCD-R Compact disk-recordableCD-ROM Compact disk-read only memoryCDRS Collaborative Digital Reference ServiceCDS Catalogue of Data Sources

CDTComputer display terminal; Central Daylight Time; Constrained Delaunay triangulation

CDTED Compressed digital terrain elevation dataCDV Cartographic data visualizerCD-W Compact disk-- re-writableCDWR California Dept. of Water ResourcesCE Corps of EngineersC.E. Civil EngineerCEAL Centro Editor de America LatinaCEAO County Engineers Association of OhioCEBAF Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator FacilityCECO Consulting Engineers Council of Ohio

CECSVBComit pour l'Etablissement de la Carte des Sols et de la Vegetation de la Belgique

CECW Consulting Engineers Council of WashingtonCEDAC Comprehensive Economic Data Atlas of China

CEDARECentre for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe

CEDD Committee on the Exchange of Digital DataCEE Comite Estatal de Estadisticas (Cuba)CEGET Centre d'Etudes de Geographie Tropical (Bordeaux)CEGIS Center of Excellence for Geospatial Information Science (USGS)

CELSOC Consulting Engineers and Land Surveyors of CaliforniaCem. CemeteryCEMA Consumer Electronics Manufacturers Assn.CEMAR Centro de Estudos do MarCEN Comite europeen de normalization electroniqueCENREN Centro de Recursos Naturales (El Salvador)CENTA Centro Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (El Salvador)CENTAUR Civil Engineering Technologies for Automatic Roadmaking (DSNP)CEO European Centre for Earth ObservationCEONet Canadian Earth Observation NetworkCEP Celestial Ephemeris Pole

CERCLISComprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Information System (US EPA)

CERCO Comite Europeen de Responsibles de la Cartographie OfficielleCERD Catalog of Environmental Resource DataCERES California Environmental Resource Evaluation System

CERCGCentre d'Etudes et de Realisations Cartographiques Geographiques (France)

CERR Centre d'Ecologie des Ressources Renouvelables (France)CES Committee on Earth SciencesCET Commission on Education and Training (IGA)CETENAL Comision de Estudios del Territorio Nacional (Mexico)CEU Continuing education unitCFC Comite francais de cartographieCFCC Census Feature Class CodeCFF Cartographic Feature FileCFUA Canadian Fire Underwriters' AssociationC.G. Coast GuardCGA Color Graphics AdaptorCGC Commission geologique du CanadaCGDB Central Geographic Data Base

CGDICanadian Geomatics Digital Initiative ; Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure

CGE Comision Geografico-Exploradora (Mexico)

CGIComputer Graphics Interface; Common gateway interface; Center for Geographic Information

CGIC Canadian Geoscience Information CentreCGIS Center for GIS (Qatar).CGM Computer graphics metafileCGMW Commission for the Geological Map of the WorldCGNHS Connecticut Geological and Natural History SurveyCGNS Canadian Geographical Names Service

GCN1 Canadian Geographical Names, Level 1CGPM Conference General des Poids et MesuresCGPS Continuous global positioning system

CGSCalifornia Geological Survey; Civil GPS Service; Coast and Geodetic Survey (U.S.); Colorado Geological Survey

C&GSCoast and Geodetic Survey (U.S.); Commercial & Government Systems (Kodak)

CGSB Canadian General Standards BoardCGSIC Civil GPS Service Interface CommitteeCGSICO Civil GPS Service Interface CommitteeCGTP Cartographic and Geospatial Technology ProgramsCGU Canadian Geophysical UnionCGW Computer Graphics World (journal)CH; Ch. Chief Hydrologist; Church; ChapelCHA Canadian Hydrographic Association

CHEECCenter for the Health Effects of Environmental Contamination (Univ. of Iowa)

CHEST Combined Higher Education Software Team (UK)CHGIS China Historical Geographic Information System (Harvard University)CHIA Cumulative Hydrologic Impact AssessmentCHNM Marine channelCHS Canadian Hydrographic ServiceCI Compass and inclinometer; Coal Investigations Map (USGS)CIA Central Intelligence Agency (U.S.)CIAF Centro de Investigaciones en Percepcion RemotaCIAS CD-ROM Index Architecture Specification Working Group (U.S.)CIACER Centro de Investigacion y Aplicacion de Sensores Remotos (Bolivia)CIB Controlled image baseCIBESA Cartografica Iberica S.A.CICAEDAS Committee Investigating Cartographic Entity, Definitions, and StandardsCICLOPS Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for OperationsCID Community Information Database (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada)

CIDAMMCentro de Informacion y Documentacion del Area Metropolitana de Madrid

CIE Iompair Eireann Coras; Classified image editorCIESIN Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network

CIGCanadian Inst. of Geomatics; Climate Interest Group; Centro de Investigaciones Geotecnicas (El Salvador)

CIGFCentre d'Information Geographique et Fonci`ere Ministre de l'Energie et des Ressources, Quebec)

CIGNET Cooperative International GPS NetworkCIKM Conference on Information Knowledge Management

CIMCollection insertion map; Council on Information Management (Virginia)

CIMIS California Irrigation Management Information SystemCINDI Center for Integration of Natural Disaster Information (USGS)CIO Central Imagery Office (U.S.)CIP Contour Interpolation Program; Canadian Institute of PlannersCIR Color infraredCIRSS California Integrated Remote Sensing SystemCIS Canadian Inst. of Surveying; Color Imaging Systems (Barneyscan Corp.)CISD Cook Islands Dept. of SurveyCISIG Conservational International GISCISM Canadian Inst. of Surveying and MappingCIST Centre d'information sur les sciences de la Terre (Canada)CITYG City GraphicCIU Central Interpretation Unit (Royal Air Force, Great Britain)CK-PL Check plotterCLA Canadian Library AssociationCLD Center line dataCLDB Common Land Data BaseCLDS Canada Land Data System(s)CLI Canada Land InventoryCLICK Center for LiDAR Information Coordination (USGS)CLID Class identifierCLIRSEN Remote Sensing Center (Ecuador)Clk. ClerkCLL Corrected line lengthCLOMA Confidential letters of map amendmentCLS Canada Lands SurveyorCLSA California Land Surveyors Assn.CLSR Canada Lands Surveys RecordsCLU Common land unitsCLUMP Canada Land Use Monitoring Programcm CentimeterCM Cartographic material; Configuration management

CMACensus Metropolitan Area (Statistics Canada); Central Mapping Agency (New South Wales)

CMAP Chicago Metropolitan Agency for PlanningCMAS Circular Mean Accuracy StandardCMCC California Mapping Coordinating CommitteeCMD Current meter digitizer; CommandCMEDS Comprehensive Mapping and Engineering Data System (LES)CMI Corvallis Microtechnology Inc.

CMIB Controlled multispectral image baseCMIS Conical-scanning Microwave Imager/SounderCMM Coalbed Methane Map (Wyoming State Geological Survey)CMO Canada Map OfficeCMOTS Cartographic Material Order and Tracking System (USGS)CMP Coastal Mapping Program; CampCMS California Map Society; Clay Minerals SocietyCMSA Consolidated metropolitan statistical areaCMSDU Commission on Map Use and Spatial Data Use (ICA)CMSM Committee on Marine Surveying and MappingCMT Corvallis Microtechnology Inc.C&MT Communication & Measurement Technologies Ltd.CMYK Cyan-magenta-yellow-blackCNA Comiss~ao Nacional do Ambiente (Portugal)CNIDR Center for Networked Information Discovery and Retrieval (USA)CNES Centre national d'etudes spatiales (France)CNEXO Centre National pour l'Exploitation des Oceans (France)CNFL ConfluenceCNI Coalition for Networked Information

CNIGCentro Nacional de Informac~ao Geografica = Portuguese National Center for Geographic Information

CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche (Italy); Canadian National RailwayCNRA Commission on National and Regional Atlases (ICA)CNRG Centre National de Recherches Geomorphologiques (Belgium)CNROA Centro Nacional de Reconhecimento e Ordenamento Agrario (Portugal)CNRS Centre National de Recherches Scientifique (France)

CNRSTCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (Burkina Faso)

CNSTAT Committee on National Statistics (U.S.)Co. Company; CountyCO Cartometric operations; ColoradoCOBOL Common Business Oriented LanguageCOBRIG Council of British GeographyCOE Corps of EngineersCOEB Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography Branch (US NOS)

COFPAESCommittee on the Federal Procurement of Architect and Engineer Services

COFRS Chinese Operational Earth Resources SatelliteCOG Council of GovernmentsCOGNA Council of Geographic Names AuthoritiesCOGO Coordinate geometry; Coalition of Geospatial OrganizationsC.O.I. Office of Coordinator of Information (U.S.)

col. Color; coloredCol. Colonel; ColoradoCOL Agricultural colonyCOLD Computer Output to Laser (optical) DiscCom. Committee; Commission; CommodoreCOM Component Object Model (Microsoft)COMAP Continuous area pattern mappingComdg. CommandingCOMIS Cartographic Operations Management Information SystemCOMPAS Coastal Ocean Management, Planning and AssessmentSystemCOMSAT Communications Satellite (Corp.)CONAE Comision nacional de actividades espaciales (Argentina)CONC. Concrete or reinforced concrete constructionCong. CongressConn. ConnecticutCONRIM Committee on Natural Resource Information Management(Alaska)CONUS Continental United StatesCO-COPS Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (NOAA)COP/BOP City of Portland Bureau of PlanningCORBA Common Object Request Broker ArchitectureCORC Cooperative Online Resource Catalog (OCLC)Corp. Corporal; Corporation

CORSContinuously operated reference station(s); Continuously operating GPS reference stations

CORSE Conference on Remote Sensing EducationCOS Central Office of Statistics (Malta)COSMIC Computer Software Management and Information CenterCOSML Committee on Southern Map LibrariesCOSPAR Committee on Space ResearchCOTS Commercial-off-the-shelfCOVIS Commonwealth of Virginia Information SystemsCP Cartographic Perspectives (journal); color printerCPFS Colorado Plateau Field Station (USGS)CPH Cartographic Publishing House (China)CPID Composite IDCPLAR Community Perspectives on Land and Agrarian Reform (South Africa)CPLC Court of Private Land Claims

CPSCharacters per second; Contour plotting system; Cartographic production system

C.P.S.C.R.A.M.Cum Privilegio Sacrae Caesareae Regiaeque Apostolicae Majestatis = With the privilege of the Holy Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty

CPSO Cataloging Policy and Support Office (Library of Congress)

CPU Central processing unitCR Central Region; Coordinate readerCRA Common Resource AreaCRADA Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (U.S)CRAG Columbia Region Association of GovernmentsCRAIGES Cartographic Reproduction and Interactive Graphic Editing SystemCRBT Centre de Recherches Biologiques Tropicales (Algeria)CREPUQ Conference des recteurs et des principaux des universites du QuebecCRESP Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (U.S.)CRG Centre de Recherche en Geomatique (Universite Laval)CRIB Computerized Resources Information BankCrIS Cross-track Infrared Sounder (US)CRISTA Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the AtmosphereCRKT Tidal creekCRL Cartographic research laboratoryCrlMSS Cross-track Infrared and Microwave Sounding SuiteCrlS Cross-track Infrared SounderCSD Census subdivision (Canada)

CRMConsejo de Recursos Minerales (Mexico); Customer relationship management

CRN Canadian Road NetworkCRPD City Real Property DatabaseCRREL Cold Region Research and Engineering LaboratoriesCRTR CraterCRSA Canadian Regional Science AssociationCRSC California Remote Sensing CouncilCRSS Canadian Remote Sensing SocietyCRT Cathode ray tubeCS Color scanner; Cubic splinesC.S. Charles SimonneauCSA Canadian Space AgencyCSAA California State Automobile AssociationCSAC Census Statistical Area Committee (U.S.)CSAV Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences

CSCComputer Sciences Corporation; Commercial Space Center (NASA); Coastal Services Center (NOAA); California Surveying Corporation

CSDGM Content Standard for Digital Geospatial MetadataCSDMS Centre for Spatial Database Management and SolutionsCSFS Colorado State Forest Service

CSGCartography Special Group, Assn. of American Geographers; Council of State Governments

CSIG Cyberinfrastrucure Summer Institute for Geoscientists

CSIN Computer Systems Information NetworkCSIP Continental Scale International ProjectCSIR Council for Scientific and Industrial Research

CSIROCommonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia)

CSIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (Spain)CSISS Center for Spatially Integrated Social Sciences (UCSB)CSML Committee on Southern Map LibrariesCSOC Consolidated Space Operations CenterCSP Conformal Space projectionCSPA Council of State Planning AgenciesCSPG Canadian Society of Petroleum GeologistsCSR Center for Space Research (Univ. of Texas at Austin)CSRS Canadian Spatial Reference SystemCSUF California State University, FresnoCSUN California State University, Northridge

CSTCentral Standard Time; Chicago Steel Tape Co.; Coast; Certified Survey Technician

Ct. CourtCT Census tract; ConnecticutCTA Crafton, Tull & AssociatesCTC Cartoteca de Catalunya; Cooperating Technical CommunitiesCTCUQ Commission de transport de la Communaute urbaine de QuebecCTD Chief, Topographic Division; Conductivity-temperature-depthCTI Critical Technologies Inst. (RAND Corp.)CTL Cartographic Technology Lab.CTOG Contour to Grid

CTSCommunications Technology Satellite (Canadian); Conventional terrestrial system

CUA Canadian Underwriters' AssociationCUAC Cartographic Users Advisory Council (U.S.)CUBE Combined Uncertainty and Bathymetry EstimatorCUET CuestaCUGiK Centralny Urzad Geodezji i Kartografii (Poland)CUR Council on Undergraduate ResearchCUSEC Central United States Earthquake ConsortiumCUSMAP Conterminous United States Minerals Assessment PlanCVO Cascades Volcano Observatory (USGS)CWHR Califoria Wildlife Habitat RelationshipsCWRA Canadian Water Resources ProgramCWS Cartographic workstationCYP Cape York Peninsula

CYPLUS Cape York Peninsula Land Use StrategyCZCS Coastal Zone Color ScannerCZM Coastal Zone Management (U.S. federal act of 1972)C4G Center for GeoInformatics (Louisiana State University)

D

D DwellingDA Data Acquisition; Dept. of the Army; Dissemination area (Canada)D/A Digital to Analog (converter)

DAACDiv. des archives audiovisuelles et cartographiques, Archives nationales du Canada; Distributed Active Archive Center

DAAS Defense Automatic Addressing System (USDMA)DAASC Defense Automated Addressing System Center (USDMA)DAC Digital-to-Analog Converter

DACADiv. des archives cartographiques et audio-visuelles, Archives nationales du Canada

DACH Deputy Assistant Chief HydrologistDADS Digital Assisted Data Base SystemDADSO Data Access and Dissemination System Office (USBC)DAESA Dual Axis Fourier Shape AnalysisDAFIF Digital Aeronautical Flight Information Files (NGA)DAG Directorate of Geographic Affairs (Lebanon)DAIS-1 Digital Airborne Imagery System (Space Imaging (Firm))DAISIDS Distributed Ad-hoc Intelligent Sensor-Intrusion Detection SystemDAL Data Analysis LaboratoryDAM Detection and mappingDAMES Defense Automated Message Exchange Service (USDMA)DANE Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadistica (Colombia)DAR Data acquisition requestDARDC Device for Automatic Remote Data CollectionDARO Defense Airborne Reconnaissance Office (U.S.)DARPA Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (U.S.)DAS Delaware Assn. of Surveyors; Digial Aerial Solutions, LLCDA&SM Data Acquisitions & Systems MaintenanceDAT Digital audio tapeDATIS Digital Airborne Topographic Imaging System

DATPEDirection de l'Amernagement du Territoire et de la Protection de l'Environnement (Haiti)

D.A.V. Deutscher AlpenvereinDAVE-G Dialogue Assisted Virtual Environment for Geoinformation

DB Data base; Dissemination block (Canada)DBB Deutsche BundesbahnDBDB Digital Bathymetry Data Base (U.S. government)DBH Diameter at breast heightDBI Database Indexing; Database InterfaceDBMS Database management systemDBPPWG Data Base Population Planning Working GroupDBPWG Data Base Population Working GroupDBR Dienst Bodemkartering (Suriname)DBS Data Base Specifications; Direct broadcast satellitesDC District Chief; District of Columbia; Div. Chief; Dublin CoreD.C. District of ColumbiaDCA Dept. of Community Affairs (Montana)DC&A Data Collection and AnalysisDCASS Digital Cartographic Software SystemDCDB Digital Cartographic Data BaseDCDSTF Digital Cartographic Data Standards Task Force (U.S.)DCE Data Communication Equipment; Distributed Computing EnvironmentDCF Digital Cartographic FileDCHUM Digital Chart Update Manual (USDMA)DCI Differential Corrections, Inc.; Director of Central IntelligenceDCMI Dublin Core Metadata InitiativeDCN Direccion de Cartografia Nacional (Venezuela); Document control number

DCPDept. of city planning; Digital Cartographic Production; Data collection platform

DCPS Digital Cartographic Production SegmentDCR Design Concept ReviewDCRM Descriptive Cataloging of Rare MaterialsDCRM(C) Descriptive Cataloging of Rare Materials (Cartographic)

DCSDigital Cartography Section; Digital color separate; Directorate of Colonial Surveys (U.K.); Data collection system; Digital Cartographic Studio

DCSE Diba Consulting Software EngineersDCS/RSE Data collection system receiving site equipmentDCST Data collection system tapeDCT Direction Topographique et du Cadastre (Congo)DCW Digital Chart of the World (USDMA)DD Data dictionary; Dewey Decimal; Decimal degreesDDA Data descriptive areaDDAC Deutscher Automobil-ClubDDC Dewey Decimal classification; Digital data conversionDDCMP Digital Data Communication Message ProtocolDDE DOE Data Explorer (US Dept. of Energy)

DDES Digital Data Editing SystemDDF Data descriptive file

DDGLa direction des documents gouvernementaux (La Bibliotheque et des Archives du Canada)

DDI Design Data Inc.DDIS Depository Distribution Information System (USGPO)DDL Data Definition LanguageDDM Documents Data Miner; Digital Distance ModelDDN Defense Data NetworkDDPO Defense Dissemination Program Office (U.S.)DDPS Desktop Digital Photogrammetry System (3D Mapper Pty. Ltd.)DDR Data descriptive recordDDS Digital Data StorageDDTI Digital Data Technologies, Inc.DE Data extraction; DelawareDEA David Evans and Associates, Inc.dec. DeclinationDEC Digital Equipment Corp.DED Data Element DictionaryDE-DEM Drainage-Enforced DEMDEIS Draft environmental impact statementdel. Delineation; delineatorDel. Delawaredelt. DelineatorDEM Digital Elevation Model; Digital elevation matrixDEM-G Digital Elevation Model--Graphic (coordinates)DEM-P Digital Elevation Model--Planar (coordinates)DEMR Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources CanadaDEMVFY Digital Elevation Model Verify (verification software)Dep. Deputy; DepartementDEP Dept. of Environmental ProtectionDept. DepartmentDES Digital Editing StationDE/S Data Extraction SegmentDESI Diversified Energy Services, Inc.DEW Distant Early Warning LineDFAD Digital Feature Analysis Data (U.S. government)DFC Digital Futures CoalitionDFG Dept. of Fish and GameDFLIP Digital Flight Information PublicationDFIRM Digital Flood Insurance Rate MapDFO Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans (Canada)

DFW Dept. of Fish and WildlifeDGC Direct Geodetic Constraint (software)DGCM Direct Geodetic Constraint MethodDGDF Digital Geospatial Data FilesDGEC Direccion General de Estadistica y Censos (Costa Rica)DGF Dept. of Game and FishDGG Direccion General de Geografia (Mexico)DGGM Direccion General de Geologia y Minas (Colombia)

DGGSDiv. of Geological and Geophysical Surveys (Alaska); Directorate General of Geological Surveys (Iraq)

DGI Direktorat Geologi (Indonesia)DGIAI Direccion General de Integracion y Analisis de la Informacion (Mexico)DGIS Direct Graphics Interface StandardDGIWG Digital Geographic Information Working GroupDGfK Deutsche Gesellschaft fur KartographieDGK 5 Deutsche Grundkarte 1:5 000

DGMDiv. des Gites Mineraux de l'Assn. Geologique du Canada; Direction de la Geologie et des Mines (Burkina Faso); Direccion General de Mineria (Dominican Republic)

DGMG Direccion General de Minas y Geologia (Venezuela)DGMP Direccion de Geologia, Minas y Petrolio (Costa Rica)DGN Domestic geographic nameDGNR Domestic Geographic Names Report (U.S.)DGO Direccion General de Oceanografia (Mexico)DGP Digital Graphic ProductDGPA Direccion General de la Produccion Agraria (Spain)

DGPSDifferential Global Positioning System; Differential Global Positioning Satellite

DGRM Direccion General de Recursos Minerales (Panama)DGS Dept. of Geological Survey (Botswana); Delaware Geological SurveyDGSE Dept. of Geological Survey and Exploration (Burma)DGU Danmarks Geologiske UndersogelseDH Drill holeD.H. Double hydrant

DHIDeutsches Hydrographisches Institut; Defense Hydrographic Initiative (USDMA)

DHN Directoria de Hidrografia e Navegac~ao (Brazil)DI Data Integration; Digital image

DIADefence Intelligence Agency (U.S.); Dept. of Indian Affairs; Dept. of International Affairs

DIALDigital Image Analysis Laboratory (Univ. of Arizona); Differential Absorption LiDAR (Optech)

diam. Diameter

DIAM Defense Intelligence Agency ManualDiAP Digital Image Analytical Plotter (ISM)

DIDData information delivery; Data information description; Digital Image Data

DIDS Digital Information Display System (U.S.)DIELOG DAASC Integrated E-Mail Logistics System (USDMA)DIES Digital Image Enhancement System

DIFData Integration Function; Data Interchange Format; Display Information Facility; Document Interchange Format (U.S. Navy)

difSAR Differential SARDIGCAT Digital CatalogDIGEST Digital Geographic Information Exchange Standard

DIGITDigitally Integrated Geographic Information Technologies (laboratory, Univ. of Utah Geography Dept.)

DILIGENT Digital Library Infrastructure on Grid Enabled Technology (EC)DIM Digital Image MatchingDIME Dual Independent Map Encoding (U.S. Bureau of the Census)DIN Deutsches Institut fur NormungDinageca Direcc~ao Nacional de Geografia e Cadastro (Mozambique)DINO Data in Ontario (organization)DIP Data Integration ProgramDIPS Digital Image Processing SystemDIRS Digital Image Rectification/Registration SystemDIS Distributed Information System; Draft International Standard (ISO)DISGIS Distributed Geographical Information SystemsDISHIDROS Dinas Hidro Oceanografi (Indonesia)Dist. DistrictDISTDAHS Distributed Satellite Telemetry Data Handling SystemDiv. DivisionDKDGS Det Kongelige Danske Geografiske SelskabDL Data loggingDLA Diffusion-limited aggregationDLCW Department of Land and Water Conservation (NSW)DLG Digital Line GraphDLG-E Digital Line Graph--EnhancedDLGF Digital Line Graph--FrameworkDLG-O Digital Line Graph--OptionalDLG2DEM Digital Line Graph to Digital Elevation Model (production software)DLG-3 Digital Line Graph--level 3

DLIDigital Library Initiative (U.S.); Data Liberation Initiative (Canada); Dept. of Land Information

DLL Windows Dynamic Link Library

DLMS Digital Landmass SystemDLNR Dept. of Land and Natural ResourcesDLO Document-like objectDLR Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V.

DLSDominion Land Survey (Canada); Dept. of Lands and Survey (Guyana); Dept. of Lands and Surveys (Cyprus)

DLT Digital linear tapeDLWC Dept. of Land and Water Conservation (Australia)DM Departamento de Minas (Honduras); Data mining

DMADefense Mapping Agency (U.S.); Designated Market Areas (USBC TIGER)

DMAAC Defense Mapping Agency Aerospace Center

DMAFFDefense Mapping Agency Feature File; Defense Mapping Agency Feature Format

DMAHTC Defense Mapping Agency Hydrographic Topographic CenterDMAIAGS Defense Mapping Agency Inter-American Geodetic SurveyDMAODS Defense Mapping Agency Office of Distribution Services

DMASPOEMDefense Mapping Agency Special Program Office for Exploitation Modernization

DMA TC Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center (U.S.)DMATC Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center (U.S.)DMAUSE DMA Utility Software Environment (USDMA)DMC Disaster Monitoring Constellation (BNSC)DMCA Digital Millenium Copyright ActDME Distance measuring equipment; Dept. of Mines and Energy (Nova Scotia)

DMGISData, Map and Government Information Services (Univ. of Toronto Library)

DMI Digital Mapping, Inc.DMMG Direccion Nacional de Mineria y Geologia (Uruguay)DMMR Deputy Ministry for Mineral Resources (Saudi Arabia)DMP Digital Map Products (Firm)DMR Dept. of Mineral Resources (New South Wales)DMRS Data Management and Retrieval SystemDMRT Dept. of Mineral Resources of Thailand

DMSData Management System; Desktop Mapping System (R-WEL, Inc.); Drawing Management System; Defense Mapping School (USDMA); Defense Message System (USDoD); Distribution Management System; Degrees, minutes, seconds

DMSI Data Management Segment Interface Control DocumentDMSO Defense Mapping School Operations Office (USDMA)DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite ProgramDMTI Desktop Mapping Technologies Inc.DMU Defense Mapping Unit (Singapore); Distance measuring unit

DMW Daft, McCune, WalkerDN Digital NumberDNC Digital Nautical ChartDNPM Departamento Nacional de Produc~ao Mineral (Brazil)DNPCT Direction National de Production Cartographique et Topographique (Mali)DNR Dept. of Natural ResourcesDNRC Dept. of Natural Resources and Conservation (Montana)DNREP Dept. of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection (Kentucky)DNT Direccion Nacional de Topografia (Uruguay)DNR Dept. of Natural ResourcesDo. Ditto (the same)DO Digital Ortho; District officeDOA Dept. of AgricultureDoc. DocumentDOC Dept. of CommerceDOD Dept. of DefenseDOE Dept. of EnergyDOGAMI Dept. of Geology and Mineral Industries (Oregon)DOH Dept. of HealthDOI Dept. of the Interior; Digital object identifier; Document object identifierDOM Document Object ModelDOMSAT Domestic Communications Satellite SystemDOQ Digital orthophoto quadrangleDOQQ Digital orthophoto quarter quadrangle

DORISDecision-Oriented Resource Information System (Ventura County, Calif.); Doppler obitography and radiopositioning integrated by satellite

DOSDirectorate of Overseas Surveys (U.K.); Dept. of State; Digital Orthophoto System; Disc Operating System

DOSLI Dept. of Survey and Land Information (New Zealand)DOT Dept. of TransportationDP Data production; Digital PhotogrammetryDPE Data processing environment; data processing equipmentDPED Dept. of Planning and Economic Developmentdpi Dots per inchDPI Dots per inchDPIE Dept. of Primary Industries and Energy (Australia)DPL Data Programming Language; Designated placeDPMA Data Processing Management Assn.DPPDB Digital Point Positioning Data BaseDPS DEM Production System; Digital Production System (USDMA)Dpt. DepartmentDPW Dept. of public works

DPWS Digital Photogrammetric Work StationDQDB Distributed-Queue Dual BusesDQQ Digital Quarter QuadrangleDr. DriveDR Data record(s); Direct Reflex (Trimble)DRAPE Digital Raster Acquisition Project for the EastDRAPP Denver Regional Aerial Photography ProgramDRBC Delaware River Basin CommissionDRC Democratic Republic of CongoDRCOG Denver Regional Council of GovernmentsDRF Digital Raster FileDRG Digital Raster Graphic; Davey Resource GroupDRGM Direction des Recherches gologiques et minires (Niger)DRGP Digital Representation of Graphic ProductsDRGS Direct Readout Ground StationDRIS Digital Research and Instructional Services (Univ. of Virginia)DRO Digital Revision OverlayDS Digital subsystemD.S. District SurveyorDSD Digital Sailing DirectionsDSDP Deep Sea Drilling ProjectDSF Delivery sequence file (U.S. Postal Service)

DSGMDirecc~ao de Servicos de Geologia e Minas (Angola); Direccion del Servicio Geografico Militar (Paraguay)

DSGZ Dept. of the Surveyor General (Zimbabwe)DSIR Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research (Australia, New Zealand)DSL Dept. of Surveys and Lands (Botswana); Data Service Laboratory

DSMDirectorate of Surveys and Mapping (South Africa); Digital stereo model; Digital surface model

DSN Deep Space Network; Dataset Name; Data source nameDSNP Dassault-Sercel NPDSP Dept. of State Planning; Depository Services Program (Canada)DSPW Digital Photogrammetric Workstation (USCE)DSS Digital Sensor System (EMERGE)DS/S Data Services SegmentDSSSL Document Style Semantic and Specification LanguageDSU Digital Standard UpdateDTAD Digital Terrain Analysis Data

DTDDigital Terrain Data; Digital Topographic Data (Natural Resources Canada); Document Type Definition

DTED Digital Terrain Elevation Data (U.S. government)DTG Digital tape generation

DTM Digital Terrain Model (or Modeling)DTOP Digital Topographic DataDTS Digital transmission systemDTSS-P Digital Topographic Support System PrototypeDTW Desk-top WorkstationDUMC Dutch Union Map CatalogueDV Daily ValueDVD Digital video disc; Digital versatile discDVNP Death Valley National ParkDVP Digital Video PlotterDW Data warehousingDWD Deutscher WetterdienstDWF Drawing Web FormatDWM Digital Web Map (Idaho Geological Survey)DWR Dept. of Water ResourcesDXF Drawing Interchange File; Digital Exchange FormatDXM Data eXchange ManagerDySIS Dynamic Software and Integrated Solutions, Inc.D-2 National Interest Lands, Section D-2, Alaska Native Claims Settlement ActD3 Digital Design Data

E

E East; Electronic; Elevator (open); Einwohner = inhabitantEA Environmental assessmentEAC Engineering Accreditation Commission (ABET)EAF East African Force (UK)EAFS Effective Aerial Film SpeedEAOS Environment Australia Online ServiceEAP Environmental Affairs ProgramEarthsat Earth Satellite Corp.EAS-E Engineering and Survey-ExchangeEBAMCO Electronic Book and Map CompanyEBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange CodeEBR Electron Beam RecorderEBRPD East Bay Regional Park District (California)EBX Electronic book exchangeEC Electronic control; European Community; European CommissionECAI Electronic Cultural Atlas InitiativeECDIS Electronic Chart Display and Information System (U.S.)

ECE E. Coyote EnterprisesECEF EarthCentered EarthFixedECEY Every City, Every Year (Aerials Express)ECI Election Commission of IndiaECPD Engineering Council for Professional DevelopmentECRF Earth Centered Reference FrameECS Electronic Charting Systems (NOAA)Ed. Editor; editionED Elevation data; Enumeration districtE.D. Eastern DistrictEDA Electronic design automation; Exploratory data analysis

EDCEROS Data Center (LIA); Electronic digital computer; Environmental Data Center (California)

EDD Environmental Data Directory (Australia)EDGE Energy Data Geographical Explorer (Petroconsultants, Inc.)EDI Electronic Data Interchange; Electronic Devices Inc.EDIES EROS Digital Image Enhancement SystemsEDIFACT Electronic Data Interchange for Administration, Commerce and TransportEDINA Edinburgh Data and Information AccessEDIPS EROS Digital Image Processing System

EDISEnvironmental Data and Information Service; Electrical Distribution Information System (Santee Cooper)

EDITOR ERTS Data Interpretation and Tenex Operations RecorderEDM Electronic distance measurement; Electronic distance meterEDMAS Environmental Dose Modeling and Analysis SystemEDMI Electronic distance measuring instrument(s)EDMS Electronic document management system(s)EDP Electronic data processingEDS Electronic Data Systems Corp.; Engineering Design System; Environmental

Data Service (NOAA)EDT Eastern Daylight TimeEdUC Education User Conference (ESRI)EEC European Economic CommunityEEZ Exclusive Economic ZoneE.F. EisenbahnfaehreEFFIS European Forest Fire Information SystemEGA Enhanced Graphics AdaptorEGII European Geographic Information InfrastructureEGIS European GISEGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay ServiceEGS European Geophysical Society; Economic geology seriesEGSMA Geological Survey and Mining Authority (Egypt)

EHS Extremely hazardous materialsEIGS Ethiopian Inst. of Geological SurveyEIM Environmental information managementeingesch. eingeschossigeis. eisern = ironEIS Environmental Impact Statement; Environmental information systemEisb. Brck. Eisenbahnbrucke = Railroad bridgeEIWG Earth Imaging Working GroupELC End of line codeELMO Electronic Map OrderingEl.W. Elektrizitatswerk = electric power stationEM ElectromagneticE.M. Mining EngineerEMA Environmental Management Agency; Ethopian Mapping AuthorityEMAIL Electronic MailEMAP Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (U.S. EPA)EMC Eastern Mapping Center (USGS)EMF Enhanced Meta Files (Windows)EMIP European Market for Infrastructural ProjectsEMMMA Environmental Mercury Mapping, Modeling and AnalysisEMPS Elevation Matrix Processing SystemEMR Dept. of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada; Electromagnetic radiationEMS Electromagnetic spectrum; Engineering Mapping Solutions (Firm)ENC Electronic Navigational Charts (NOAA)E.N.E. East-northeastEng. Dept. Engineering Dept.; Dept. of EngineersEngr. Bn. Engineer BattalionENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and ComputerENID Endnote IDE-N&N Electronic News and Notes (WAML)ENSG Ecole Nationale des Sciences GeographiquesENTR Entranceentw. Entworfen = Drawnentworf. Entworfen = DrawnENVISAT Environmental SatelliteEO Earth observationEOCAP Earth Observations Commercial Applications ProgramEODMS Earth Observations Data Management SystemsEOF End of FileEOS Earth Observing System; Greek National Mountaineering Assn.EOSAT Earth Observation Satellite (Company)EOSDIS Earth Observing System Data and Information System

EOT End of TextEOTD Enhanced observed time differenceEP End PointEPA Environmental Protection Agency (U.S.)EPB Earth Physics Branch (Canada)EPI Electronic Position IndicatorEPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio BeaconEPS Encapsulated PostScriptER Economic region (Canada)ERA Electric Records Archives (NARA)ERBS Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (or Sensor)

ERCEGroupe d'Etudes de Recherches Critiques d'Espace (Universite du Quebec, Montreal)

ERDAS Earth Resources Data Analysis System

ERDCEarth Resources Data Center (ERIM); Engineer Research and Development Center (USACE)

ERDL Engineer Research and Development LaboratoriesEREP Earth Resources Experiment Package (Skylab)ERIM Environmental Research Inst. of Michigan

ERINEarth Resources Information Network; Environmental Resource Information Network (Australia)

ERIS Earth Resources Inventory System; Earth Resources Infomation System

ERLEnvironmental Research Laboratories (NOAA); Earth Resources Laboratory (NASA)

ERLAS Earth Resources Laboratory Application SoftwareERM Earth Resource Mapping (Firm)EROS Earth Resources Observation Satellite; Earth Resources Observation SystemERP Enterprise resource planningERPANET Electronic Resource Preservation and Access NetworkERR Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg fur die Besetzten GebieteERRSAC Eastern Regional Remote Sensing Applications Center (NASA)ERS Earth Remote Sensing (satellite)ERSAC Environmental Remote Sensing Applications Centre (United Arab Emirates)ERSAL Environmental Remote Sensing Analysis Laboratory (Oregon State Univ.)ERSAR Earth Resources Synthetic Aperture RadarERSC Egyptian Remote Sensing CenterERSP Epipolar Rectified Stereo PairERTS Earth Resources Technology SatelliteERSUN Environmental Remote Sensing Unit (British Aerospace Space Systems, Ltd.)

ESAEgyptian Survey Authority; European Space Agency; Earth Sciences Associates

ESC European Seismological Commission

ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the PacificESD Engineering Services Dept. (Qatar)ESDA Earth Sciences Data Standards (council); Exploratory spatial data analysisESDD Earth Science Data Directory (USGS)ESDI Earth Science Data InterfaceESE Earth Science EnterpriseE.S.E. East-southeastESEM Earth Systems Engineering and ManagementESI EagleScan Inc.; Enironmental Sensitivity Index

ESICEarth Science Information Center (USGS); Earth Sciences Information Centre (Canada)

ESIG Exemplary Systems in Government award (URISA)ESIM Earth Science Information ManagerESIN Earth Science Information NetworkESIO Earth Science Information OfficeESIP Earth Science Information PartnersESIS Earth Science Information SystemESL Electromagnetic Systems Laboratories, Inc.ESMI European Spatial Metadata InfrastructureESR Engineering Surveys Reproduction Ltd.ESRI Environmental Systems Research Inst., Inc.ESSA Environmental Science Service AdministrationESSC Earth System Science Center (Pennsylvania State Univ.)ESSHC European Social Science History ConferenceESSI Earth Search Sciences Inc.ESSIC Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (Univ. of Maryland)E. St. Eisenbahn Station = railway stationEST Eastern Standard TimeES&T Environmental Science and TechnologyESV EarthSystemsVisualizerET Frame enclosed elevator with self-closing trapsETF European Transfer FormatETL Engineer Topographic Laboratories (USCE); Extract, transform, loadETM Enhanced Thematic MapperETM+ Enhanced Thematic Mapper PlusEU European UnionEUB Alberta Energy and Utilities BoardEUROGI European Umbrella Organisation for Geographic InformationEVC East View Cartographic (Firm)EVI Enhanced vegetation indexEVO Ernst Volker (Oldenburg, Germany)EWP Executive Wilderness Programmes

Ex. doc. Executive document

F

F Fahrenheit; FlatFA Fire alarm boxFAA Federal Aviation Administration (U.S.)FAAT Fully Analytical AerotriangulationFAC Feature analysis code(s)FACC Feature and Attribute Coding CatalogFACE Field Ancillary Computer EffortFACM Florida Assn. of Cadastral MappersFACS Feature Attribute Coding Standard; Feature Attribute Coding SystemFahrb. Fahrbahn = roadwayFAO Food and Agricultural Organization (United Nations)FAQ Frequently Asked Question(s)FARC Federal Archives and Record CenterFAS Foreign Agricultural Service(USDA)FAST Faceted Application of Subject TerminologyFb. Fabrik = FactoryFB Freytag-Berndt und ArtariaFBN Federal base network (U.S.)FC Field component; Field completionFCC False color composite; Federal Communications Commission (U.S.)FCM Feature change mapFCT Forestry Commission TasmaniaFCW Federal Computer Week (journal)FDDI Fiber Digital Data InterfaceFDEP Florida Dept. of Environmental ProtectionFDIS Formal Draft International Standard (ISO)FDLP Federal Depository Library Program (US GPO)FDLS Fiji Dept. of Lands and SurveyFDPP Framework Demonstration Projects Program (FGDC)FE Feature extraction; Field engineer; Frame enclosed elevatorF.E. Forest Engineerfe. Fecit (maker)FEAT Alternate Feature Identification Codefec. Fecit (maker)FED Federal electoral district (Canada); Field-emission displaysFedUC Federal User Conference (ESRI)

FEE Feature Extraction EnvironmentFEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency (U.S.)FEP Feature Extraction ProcessorFES Feature Extraction SegmentFESWMS Finite Element Surface Water Model SystemFEWS Feature Extraction WorkstationFGCC Federal Geodetic Control Committee (U.S.)FGCS Federal Geodetic Control Subcommittee (U.S.)FGDC Federal Geographic Data Committee (U.S.)FGEF Federal Geographic Exchange Format (U.S.)F.G.S. Fellow of the Geological SocietyFGS Florida Geological SurveyFGT Federal Geographic Technology (U.S.)FH Field headquartersFHA Federal Highway Administration (U.S.)FHWA Federal Highway Administration (U.S.)FICCDC Federal Interagency Coordinating Committee on Digital Cartography (U.S.)

FIGFederation Internationale des Geom`etres = International Federation of Surveyors

FII Fundacion Instituto de IngeneiriaFILS Federal Government Information Locator System

FIPSFederal Information Processing Standard(s); Flagstaff Image Processing System

FIRM Flood Rate Insurance MapFIRMS Flood Rate Insurance MapsFL Florida; Focal length; Function librariesFla. FloridaFLHO Federal Lands Highway Office (U.S.)FLI-IWG Future of Land Imaging Interagency Working Group (US)FLIMAP Fast Laser Imaging Mapping and Profiling (system)FLIP Flight Information Publication (NGA)FLIR Forward-looking InfraredFLL WaterfallFLOPS Floating Point Operations per SecondFM Facilities management; Field manualF.M. Field MarshallFMC Federal Maritime Commission (U.S.)FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (US)FME Feature Manipulation Engine (Safe Software Inc.)FMGIS Flight management geographic information systemFMLIS Federal Mineral Lands Information SystemFMP Field Pack Mobile Professional (All Points Software)

FMS Facility Mapping Systems Inc.; Flight Managing SystemFMS/AC Facility Mapping System for AutoCADFNC Foreign Names Committee (USBGN)FNESA Federation of New England Surveyors Assn.sFNIB Foreign Names Information BulletinFNMOC Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (U.S.)FO Field officeF.O. Field Officer; Foreign OfficeFOC Full operational capabilityFOF Filtering optical fiberFOGs Fiber Optic GyrosFOM Field Operations ManualFORTRAN Formula Translation (computer language)FOUO For official use onlyFOV Field of viewFPC Federal Power Commission; Federal Publishers CommitteeFPT Full production trainingFPU Floating point unitFRA Federal Railroad Administration (U.S.)

FRAPFire and Resource Assessment Program (Calif. Dept. of Forestry and Fire Protection)

FRBR Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (IFLA)FRC Federal Records Center (U.S.)F.R.G.S. Fellow of the Royal Geographical SocietyFRI Forest Resource Inventory Map (Ontario)FRM FarmFRP Federal Radio-navigation PlanF.R.S. Fellow of the Royal SocietyFS Fire station; Forest Service (U.S.); Federal Survey Div. (Nigeria)FSA Farm Service Agency (USDA)FSLUPC Federal/State Land Use Planning Commission for AlaskaFSMS Florida Surveying and Mapping SocietyFSO Field Support Office (U.S. Army Engineer Topographic Laboratories)FSPLS Florida Society of Professional Land SurveyorsFSR Flight Summary ReportFSRAMIS Forest Service Range Management Information SystemFT Field terminatorFTA Federal Transit Administration (US)Fth. FathomFTL Future Temporal LogicFTM Foiben Taosarintanin' i MadagasikaraFTP File Transfer Protocol

FU Field unitFur. FurlongFw. Fussweg = FootpathFWPCA Federal Water Pollution Control Administration (U.S.)FWS Fish and Wildlife Service (U.S.)FYROM Former Yugoslav Republic of MacedoniaFZDS Flood Zone Determination Services

G

G GeometryG&M Geography and Map; geography and Map Div.G&O Greenhorne & O'Mara Inc.Ga. GeorgiaGA Georgia; Geographic access; Geographical Association

GACGeological Assn. of Canada; Global Area Composite; Geospatial Advisory Committee (USFS)

GAF Gesellschaft fur Angewandte FernerkundungGAMS GIS azimuth measuring systemGANS Geomatics Atlantic Nova ScotiaGAP Gap Analysis Program (USNBS); Geographic Application ProgramGAT Geography Assn. of ThailandGB Gigabyte; Geologische Bundesanstalt (Austria)GBA GeoBusiness Assn.; George Butler Associates, Inc.GBAMS GBS Master Series, Inc.GBAUG Greater Boston Autodesk User GroupGBf Guterbahnhof = freight depotGBF Geographic Base FileGBFP Georgia Basin Futures Project (Digital Library)GBI Green biomass index

GBISGeo-Based Information System; Global Business Intelligence Solutions (IBM)

Gbo. Grabador = engraverGBS Geograpic Base SystemGCCS Global Command, Control System (USDMA)GCDB Geographic Coordinate Data Base (U.S.)GCDIS Global Change Data and Information SystemGCG Geocartographics Subdivison (Canada)GCHC Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center (U.S.)GCLI GIS in Canadian Libraries InitiativeGCM General circulation model; Global climate model; General Command of

Mapping (Turkey)GCMC Geospatial Center and Map Collection (Ball State University)GCP Ground control point(s); Geodetic control point(s)GCRA Geographic and Cartographic Research and Applications SectionGCRS Gulf Centre for Remote Sensing (Firm)GCSS Global Combat Support SystemGCT Greenwich Civil Time

GCTPGeneral Coordinate Transformation Package (software); Geographic Coordinate Transformation Package (software)

GD Geologic Div. (USGS); Geospatial data; Graphic digitizationGDA Geographic Data Analysis SystemGDAL Geospatial Data Abstraction LibraryGDC Geographic Data CouncilGDD Graphics Data Display Manager; GIS Data DepotGDDD Geographical Data Description DirectoryGDE Graphic Developer's Engine (FCAD Software, Inc.)GDF Geographic data fileGDHS Ground Data Handling System (GFSC)GDM Geospatial data managementGDN Geography Discipline Network

GDSGraphic Data Systems Corp; Grumman Data Systems; Geo-Data System; Geographic Data Service (U.S.)

GDT Geographic Data Technology Inc.; Geophysical diffraction tomography

GDTAGroupement pour le Developpement de la Teledetection Aerospatiale (France)

GE General Electric; Geographic equivalent; Google Earth

GEBCOGeneral bathymetric chart of the oceans = Carte generale bathymetrique des oceans

GECCo Geospatially Enabling Community Collaboration (program, GITA)GEDS General Environmental Data Base System (Florida)GEGMR General Establishment of Geology and Mineral Resources (Syria)GEM Graphical Environment ManagerGEMS Global Environment Monitoring System; GeoMap Society

GEOGeospatial Metadata Application Profile (USA); Geostationary Earth orbit; Global Environment Outlook

GEOBAL Servicio Geologico de BoliviaGEO-CAT Geographic catalog of political and statistical areasGeocorr Geographic Correspondence EngineGEODESY Geospatial Data and Exploration System (Harvard Univ.)Geog. GeographyGeol. GeologyGEOLAN Geological (survey) local area network

GEOREF Geological Reference (system)GEOS Geodynamics Experimental Ocean SatelliteGEOSAT Geodesy SatelliteGEOSEC Geographic SecurityGeoTMS Geographic Town Management System (Des Lauriers & Assoc. Inc.)GEOZAVOD Zavod za Geoloska i Geofizicksa Istrazivanja (Yugoslavia)Ges. Gesamt-GES Geographic Entry Systemgest. Gestechen = Engravedgez. Gezeichnet = DesignedGFDL Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (U.S.)GFOSS Geospatial Free and Open Source SoftwareGGBR Golden Gate Biosphere Reserve (Calif.)GGMC Guyana Geology and Mines CommissionGGNRA Golden Gate National Recreation Area (Calif.)GGRF Galileo Geodetic Reference FrameGGS Georgia Geologic SurveyGGU Gronlands Geologiske UndersogelseGI Geographic information; Geospatial information

GIAGeographic information analysis; Geographic information and analysis; GPS International Assn.; Geomatics Industry Association

GIAA Geometrics Industry Assn. of America

GIACGeomatics Industry Assn. of Canada; Geographic Information Advisory Council (Kentucky)

GIALGeographic Information and Analysis Laboratory (State Univ. of New York, Buffalo)

GIBGeographic Information Board (Florida); Geomagnetic Indices Bulletin; G.I. Barnett & Son

GICC Geographic Information Coordinating Committee (Colorado)GICS Geographic Identification Code SchemeGID Geodaetisk Institut (Denmark)GIDW General inverse-distance weighted interpolation model.GIF Graphics Interchange File; Graphics Interchange FormatGIFTS Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform SpectrometerGIG Geologic Inquiries GroupGILS Government Information Locator Service

GIMSGeographic Information Management Systems Committee (ASCM/ASPRS)

GINIE Geographic Information Network in Europe

GIOGeographic Information Officer; Geographic Investigations Office (USGS); Geospatial Information Office (USGS)

GIPS Generalized Image Processing Sytstem

GIR Geographic information retrievalGIRAS Geographic Information Retrieval and Analysis System (USGS)

GISGeographic(al) information system(s); Geohydrologic Information System; Geoscience Information Society; Global Indexing System

GISCI GIS Certification InstituteGISCO Geographic Information System of the European Commission

GISDEXFederal Geographic Information and Spatial Data Exposition and Conference (U.S.)

GIScience Geographic information scienceGISIC Geographical Information Systems International GroupGISMO GIS MOdeling (ERDAS)

GISOMGenerating Information and Scanning Ohio Maps (Ohio State Univ. Center for Mapping)

GISP GIS professionalGISS Goddard Institude of Space StudiesGISS-SG Geographic Information Systems and Science Specialty Group (AAG)GIST Geographic Information System for Transportation

GITGeomatics information technology; General Information Technology; Global Imaging Technologies (Firm)

GITA Geospatial Information & Technology Assn.GITC Geomatics Information Trading CenterGITCO Government Information Technology Committee (GODORT)GIU Geographic Information Unit (US Dept. of State)GIV Geologic Information Visualization (software)GKP Geodeticky a Kartograficky Podnik v PrazeGKS Graphics Kernal SystemGl. GleisGLAB Bayerisches Geologisches LandesamtGLAB-W Geologisches Landesamt Baden-WurttembergGLAI Green leaf area indexGLAN-W Geologisches Landesamt Nordrhein-Westfalen

GLASGeoscience Laser Altimeter System; Geologisches Landesamt des Saarlandes

GLAS-H Geologisches Landesamt Schleswig-HolsteinGLCF Global Land Cover FacilityGLDAS Global Land Data Assimilation System (NASA)GLI Global Imager

GLISGeographic Land Information System (USGS); Geographic and Land Information Society

GLM General linear model; GEO Lightning MapperGLO General Land Office (U.S.)GLOBE Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment

GLONASS Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (Russia)GLOSS Global Observation Surveillance SystemGLR-P Geologisches Landesamt Rheinland-PfalzGLRS Geoscience Laser Ranging SystemGLT Geospatial Light Table (ERDAS IMAGINE)GLTN Global Land Tool NetworkGM Geography and Map; Geologic mapGMAT Greenwich Mean Astronomical TimeG.M. Grist millGMD Geologisch Mijnbouwkundige Dienst van SurinameGMDC Geospatial Map and Data Centre (Ryerson University)GME Geohydrologic Map EditorGML Geography Markup LanguageGMR Government Micro Resources Inc.

GMSGeostationary meteorological satellite(s); Geographic Measurement Systems (Firm)

G.M.S.I.Ground Modeling Systems Inc.; Gandalf Mobile Systems Incorporated; GMSI Inc. is a firm (not an abbreviation)

GMT Greenwich Mean Time; Generic Mapping ToolsG.M.T. Giuseppi Maria TerreniGN Grid northGNC Geologic Names Committee; Global navigation chart

GNDBGeographic Names Data Base (US National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency)

GNIAG Geomatics Niagara Information Advisory GroupGNIS Geographic Names Information System (U.S.)GNMP Gettysburg National Military ParkGNS GEOnet Names Server (USNIMA)GNSS Global Navigation Satellite SystemGNU Geologic Names Unit (USGS)GNULEX Geologic Names Unit Lexicon (USGS)GO Geometric OperationsG&O Greenhorne & O'Mara, Inc.GoC Government of CanadaGODORT Government Documents Round Table (ALA)GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (NASA)GOME Global Ozone Monitoring ExperimentGOMS Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite(s)GoMMapP Gulf of Maine Mapping PortalGOS Geospatial One-StopGOS-PI Geospatial One-Stop Portal Initiative (Open GIS Consortium)

Gov. GovernorGov. Gen. Governor GeneralGP Graphic production; Graphics processor; Geography Program (USGS)GPF Geospatial Prototype FacilityGPG Graphic Product GenerationGPH Geological Publishing House (China)GPI Graphics Programming Interface; Greenman Pedersen Inc.GPIP General Purpose Image ProcessorGPM Gestalt Photo MapperGP.MC Geoprocessing Map CallGP.MCD Geoprocessing Map Call Deamon programGPO Government Printing OfficeGPOS Government Printing Office Style ManualGPPU Graphic Polygon Processing UtilitiesGPR Ground-Penetrating RadarGPS Global positioning system(s)GPSDR Global positioning system demonstration receiver

GPSICGlobal Positioning System Information Center (U.S. Coast Guard); GPS Industry Council

GPSOS Global Positioning System Occultation SensorGPST Global positioning system timeGPW2 Gridded Population of the World (dataset)GQ Geologic quadrangleGQL Graphical Query Languagegr. grossGr. GrosseGRACE Gravity Recovery and Climate ExperimentGRAMPS Graphic Map Production SystemGRASS Geographic Resource Analysis Support System

GRBGovernment Records Branch (Library and Archives of Canada; National Archives of Canada)

GRC Generation of reproducible copy; Geoscience Research Corp.GRD Ground Resolved DistanceGRDL Geodetic Research and Development LaboratoryGRE Geologic Resources Evaluaion (program, US NPS)GRF-N Geographic Reference File-Names

GRIDSGrid Referenced Information Display System; Gridded Resource Inventory Data System

GRS Geodetic Reference SystemGRS 80 Geodetic Reference System of 1980GRSU Geography Remote Sensing Unit (Univ. of California, Santa Barbara)GS Geological Survey (U.S.); Gray scale

GSAGeneral Services Administration (U.S.); Geological Society of America; Geological Survey of Alabama

GSCGeological Survey of Canada; Geographic Systems Corp.; Geotronics Service Center; Geocode Service Center (HUD)

GSDGround sample distance; Geological Survey Dept. (Malawi); Geological Survey Div. (Jamaica); Geodetic Survey Div. (Natural Resources Canada)

GSDI Global Spatial Data InfrastructureGSDM Global Spatial Data ModelGSDS Global spatial data systemGSF Generic Sensor FormatGSFC Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA)GSGS Geographical Section, General Staff (U.K.)GSHAP Global Seismic Hazard Assessment ProgramGSI Geodetic Survey Inst. (Japan); Geophysical Services Inc.; Geological

Survey of India; Geological Survey of Iran; Geolical Survey Inst. (Japan); Geological Survey of Ireland

GSJ Geological Survey of JapanGSK Geological Survey of KenyaGSL Geographic Sciences Laboratory (USCE)GSM Graphic Standard MetafileGSMD Geological Survey and Mines Dept. (Swaziland)GSN Geological Survey of NamibiaGSNI Geological Survey of Northern IrelandGSP Geological Survey of Pakistan; Geographical statistics programGSPB Geodetic Satellite Policy BoardGSPNG Geological Survey Papua New GuineaGSRC Geological Survey Research CommitteeGSS Geographic support systemGSSA Geological Survey South AfricaGST Galileo System TimeGSTC Geospatial Service and Technology Center (USFS)GSW Geological Survey of Wyoming; GeoScienceWorldGSWA Geological Survey of Western AustraliaGSZ Geological Survey of Zambia

GTGeometry and topology; Greater than; Geologian Tutkimuskeskus = Geological Survey of Finland

G.T. Gas tankGTA Greater Toronto AreaGTE Greater than or equalGTI GIS Technology Inc.

GTSGPS Timing Simulator (NovAtel Inc.); Great Trigonometrical Survey of India

GTUB Geographic tabulation unit base

GU Government unit; GuamGUDS Geologicky ustav Dionyz SturGUGiK Glowny Urzad Geodezji i Kartografii (Poland)GUGK Glavnoe Upravlenie Geodezii i Kartografii (USSR)GUGKK Glavno Upravlenie po Geodezia I Kartografia y Kadaster (Bulgaria)GUI Graphical User InterfaceGUID Globally unique identifierGUIDE Geomatics Utilization Inventory and Design EnvironmentGUNI Goteborgs Universitet Naturgeografiska InstitutionenGUNO Glavnoe Upravlenie Navigatsii i Okeanografii (USSR)GVF Goodness of variance fitGVI Green vegetation indexGVis Geographic VisualizationGVIS Geographic VisualizationGW Gas well (natural); Ground waterGWE Global Weather ExperimentGWEN Ground Wave Emergency Network (U.S.)GWSI Groundwater site inventoryGZD Grid Zone Designation

H

h. hoch = highH. Hohe = heightha. Hectare; HektarHA Hydrologic Investigations Atlas or Hydrologic Atlas (USGS)HABS Historic American Buildings SurveyHAC Harbor and Approach ChartHALS Hawaii Assn. of Land SurveyorsHANDGPS High Accuracy Nationwide Differential GPSHARN High-Accuracy Reference Network (U.S.)Hauptm. Hauptmann = CaptainHAZUS Hazards U.S.HAZUSMH Hazards U.S. multihazard versionHbf Hauptbahnhof = main railway stationHBCA Hudson Bay Company ArchivesHBF Herbert Bismarck FosterHBGN Hawaii Board on Geographic NamesHBM Hydrologic bench markHBMN Hydrologic Bench Mark Network

HC Hard copyHCC Heat Capacity Mapping MissionHCDN Hydroclimate Data NetworkHCFCD Harris County (Texas) Flood Control DistrictHCMM Heat-capacity Mapping MissionHCMR Heat-capacity Mapping RadiometerHCRS Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service (U.S.)HD Hydrographic Dept. (Great Britain)HDDT High-Density Digital TapeHDLD HeadlandHDOP Horizontal Dilution of PrecisionHDS High-Definition Surveying (Leica Geosystems)HDT High density tapeHDT-A High density tape (not geometrically corrected)HDTR High density tape recorderHDTV High-definition televisionHEIRS Historic Environmental Reporting System (IAO)HEPS High Energy Particle SensorHeRMIS Heritage Resource Management Information System (PAA)Herst. HerstellungHE/S Hardcopy Exploitation SegmentHF High frequencyHFA Hydrologic field assistantHFI Hall & Foreman, Inc.Hfn Hafen = port, harborH-GAC Houston-Galveston Area CountilHgbf HauptgueterbahnhofHGCSD Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District (U.S.).HGL Newlett-Packard Graphics Language formatHGML Hyper Graphic Markup LanguageHGS Halliburton Geophysical ServicesHHG Household goods (Rand McNally MileMaker)HI HawaiiHIA Hydrologic Investigations AtlasHID Historical Imagery Declassification (NIMA)HIF Hydrologic Instrumentation FacilityHind. HindustanHIND Geographical Section General Staff (India [Headquarters India])HIRAN High Range NavigationHIRS High-resolution Infrared SounderHIS Hydrologic Information System; Hyperspectral imageryHISS Heritage Information Statistical System

HIT Horizons Technolgy Inc.HIU Hydrologic Information UnitHJW Hammon, Jensen, Wallen & Associates; HJW GeoSpatial, Inc.HKGA Hong Kong Geographical Assn.HLAB Hessisches Landesamt fur BodenforschungHLfB Hessisches Landesamt fur BodenforschungHLL HillHLLS HillsHLR High level radiation; High level radioactivityHLRS Highway Location Reference StandardHLS Hue, lightness and saturationHLVA Hessisches LandesvermessungsamtHLW High level waste (radioactivity)Hm. Bgs. Hermann BerghausHMCK HummockHMGS Hellenic Military Geographical ServiceHMSO Her/His Majesty's Stationery Office (Great Britain)H.O. Hochofen = blast furnaceHOM Hotine oblique MercatorHon. HonorableHp Haltepunkt = stopping placeHP Hewlett-Packard (corp.)HPFS High pressure fire serviceHPGL Hewlett Packard Graphics LanguageHPGN High-Precision Geodetic NetworkHPP High Precision PhotogrammetryHPRASA High Plains Regional Aquifer SystemHQ HeadquartersHR House of Representatives; High resolutionHRB Highway Research BoardHRD High-resolution dataHRDB High-resolution Data BaseHRDI High-resolution Doppler ImagerHRFRS High-resolution Film Recorder SubsystemHRGA High Rate Geographical AreasHRIR High-resolution Infrared RadiometerHrm. Bghs. Hermann BerghausHRMSI High Resolution Multispectral Stereo ImagerHRV High Resolution VisibleHRVIR High Resolution Visible Infrared (scanner)HS High schoolH.S. H. Schleifmann

HSB Humidity Sensor for Brazil (JPL)HSDL High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber LineHSGT Hitachi Software Global Technology, Ltd.HSI Horizontal Situation Indicator; Habitat Suitability IndexHSRC Hydrographic Science Research CenterHSRP Hydrographic Services Review Panel (US)H. St. Eisenbahn Haltstelle = railway stopHSV Hue Saturation ValueHTC Hydrographic Topographic Center (USDMA)H., T.C. Thomas Campanius HolmHTDP Horizontal Time-Dependent PositioningHTI Horizons Technology, Inc.HTML Hypertext (or HyperText) Markup LanguageHUA Hydrologic Unit AreaHUC Hydrologic Unit CodeHUD Dept. of Housing and Urban Development (U.S.)Hund. HundredHURRDAT Hurricane Data SetHVC Hue-Value-ChromaH.W. HochwasserH/W Hardware

I

I. IslandIA Infrastructure Analyst (BaySys Technologies Inc.); IowaIACWD Interagency Advisory Committee on Water DataIADO Instituto Argentino de OceanografiaIAEA International Atomic Energy AgencyIAEG International Assn. of Engineering GeologistsIAEGS Institute for Advanced Education in Geospatial SciencesIAG International Assn. of GeodesyIAGS Inter-American Geodetic SurveyIAH International Association of Hydrogeologists

IAHSInternational Assn. of Hydrological Sciences = Assn. Internationale des Sciences Hydrologiques

IAHWG Intergovernmental Ad Hoc Working GroupIAKAR Inertially aided kinematic ambiguity resolutionIALA International Assn. of Lighthouse AuthoritiesIALS Idaho Assn. of Land Surveyors

IAMA International Antiquarian Mapsellers AssociationIAO Insurers' Advisory OrganizationIAOO International Assn. of Assessing OfficersIAS Image Assessment SystemIASI Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer

IASSISTInternational Association for Social Science Information Service & Technology

IAT Image Annotation Tape; International Atomic TimeIATO Italian atlas assembled to orderIAWPRC International Assn. for Water Pollution Research and ControlIB IsobarIBC International Boundary Commission (U.S.-Canada)IBDF Instituto Brasileiro de Desenvolvimento FlorestalIBG Inst. of British GeographersIBGE Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e EstadisticaIBIS Image-Based Information SystemIBM International Business Machines (corp.); International boundary markerIBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)IBSP Idaho Bureau of State PlanningIBWC International Boundary and Water Commission (Mexico-U.S.)IC Integrated circuit(s)I.C. Johannes Condet (engraver)ICA International Cartographic Assn. = Assn. Cartographique InternationaleICACET International Cartographic Assn. Committee on TrainingICAITI Instituto Centro Americano de Investigacion y Tecnica IndustrialICAO International Civil Aviation OrganiztionICA-USNC International Cartographic Assn. U.S. National Committee

ICCInstitut Cartografic de Catalunya; Interstate Commerce Commission (U.S.); International Cartographic Conference

ICCP Inst. for Certification of Computer Professionals

ICEInformation Center for the Environment (UCD); Imagery Cooperative Exchange

ICED Intraprofessional Council on Environmental Design

ICESInstitution of Civil Engineers (UK); Initial Graphics Exchange Specifications

ICEX Ice and Climate ExperimentICGC Instituto Cubano de Geodesia y CartografiaICGI Interagency Committee on Government Information (US)ICGRS Internet-Enabled Continuous Geodetic Reference StationICGWM International Clearinghouse for Ground Water ModelsICHC International Conference on the History of CartographyICIS Integrated Cadastral Information Society

ICITV Institut de la Carte International du Tapis VegetaleICM Instituto Cartografico MilitarICMP Internet Control Message Protocol

ICMSSRInteragency Committee on Meteorological Services and Supporting Research

ICONA Instituto Nacional para la Conservacion de la Naturaleza (Spain)ICP Interactive closest pointsICR Intelligent Character ReaderICRSE International Center for Remote Sensing EducationICT Information and communication technologiesICW International Computer Works, Inc.ID Identification; Interface device; Idaho; IslandIDAS Image Data Analysis SystemsIDC International Data Corp.IDCCC Interior Digital Cartographic Coordination Committee (U.S.)

IDDInformation and data dissemination; Initiative de democratisation des donnees de Statistique Canada

IDE Imbedded Drive ElectronicsIDEN Identification moduleIDFG Idaho Dept. of Fish and GameIDIMS Interactive Digital Image Manipulation SystemIDIQ Indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity

IDLIdaho Dept. of Lands; Interactive Data Language; Interface Definition Language

IDLH Immediately dangerous to life and healthIDLS Internet Data Library System (Univ. of Western Ontario)iDNA Integrated Dataset for North America (Rand McNally)IDOT Illinois Dept. of TransportationIDR Interface drawingIDS Information Decision Systems (firm)IDWO Intelligence Div., War Office (U.K.)IDWR Idaho Dept. of Water ResourcesIEGDR Initial Experimental Gridded Data Record(s)IEMVT Institut d'Elevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays TropicauxIENC Inland Electronic Navigation Charts (USCE)IEOS Integrated Earth Observation SystemIEP Independent electric plantIERS International Earth Rotation ServiceIES Inst. for Environmental SciencesIF Frame identificationIfAG Institut fur Angewandte GeodasieIFF Interchange Format File (Commodore Amiga)

IFLA International Assn. of Library Asociations and InstitutionsIFN Service de l'Inventaire Forestier National (France)IFOV Instantaneous Field of ViewIFP Institut Francais de Pondicherry; Institut Francais du PetroleIFR Instrument Flight RegulationIFREMER Institut francais de recherche pour l'exploitation de la meriFS Internet File System (Oracle Corp.)IFSAR Inter-ferometric Synthetic Aperture RadarIFSARE Inter-ferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar for ElevationIG Instytut Geologiczny (Poland)IGA Istituto Geografico de AgostiniIGAC Instituto Geografico "Agustin Codazzi"IGBF Institut Geographique de Burkina FasoIGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme

IGCInternational Geologic Congress; Intelligent Graphics Controller; Informative Graphics Corp.

IGCI Institut Geographique de la Cote d'Ivoire

IGCPInternational Geological Correlation Program; Instituto Geografico e Cadastral (Portugal)

IGDC Interagency Geographic Data Committee (U.S.)IGDS Interactive Graphics Design System (software); Intergraph Design SoftwareIGEBU Institut Geographique de Burundi

IGESInitial Graphics Exchange Specification; International Graphics Exchange System

IGF Inset Graphics Format

IGFCOTInstitutul de Geodezie, Fotogrammetrie, Cartografie si Organizarea Teritoriului (Romania)

IGG Institutul de Geologie si Geofizica (Romania)IGGSP Instituto Geografico e Geologico de S~ao PauloIGIF International Geographic Information FoundationIGIS Integrated Geographic Information System; Intelligent GISIGL Interactive Graphics LibraryIGLD 85 International Great Lakes Datum of 1985IGM Instituto Geografico Militar

IGMEInst. of Geology and Mineral Exploration (Greece); Instituto Geologico y Minero de Espa~na

IGMI Istituto Geografico Militare ItalianoIGN Institut geographique national; Instituto Geografico NacionalIGNB Institut Geographique National (Belgium)IGNC Institut Geographique National CongolaiseIGNTG Instituto Geografico Nacional "Tommy Guardia" (Panama)IGPT Interagency Geospatial Preparedness Team (US)

IGS Information & Graphics Systems Inc.; International GPS Service; Idaho Geological Survey; Indiana Geological Survey; Geological Survey of Israel

I.G.S. John Gaspar ScheuchzerIGSN71 International Gravity Standardization Net 1971IGT Integrated GPS Technologies Inc.

IGUInternational Geographical Union; Instituto Geografico Universitario (Dominican Republic)

IGUG Intergraph Graph Users GroupIGWMC International Ground Water Modeling CenterIGY International Geophysical YearIGZa Institut Geographique du ZaireIHA Instituto Hidrografico de la Armada (Chile)IHAC Instituto Hidrografico de la Armada, ChileIHB International Hydrographic BureauIHD International Hydrological DecadeIHDC Iowa Heritage Digital CollectionIHGC International Health Geographics ConferenceIHO International Hydrographic OrganizationIHP International Hydrologic ProgramIHSI Institut Haitien de Statistique de d'InformatiqueIIAF Idaho Image Analysis FacilityIICT Instituto de Investigac~ao Cientifica Tropical (Portugal)IIGS Initial Image Generating SystemIIPL Interactive Image Processing LaboratoryIIS Internet Information ServerIJAGR International Journal of Applied Geospatial ResearchIJC International Joint Commission (U.S. & Canada)IKCS I.K. Curtis Services, Inc.IKU Institutt for Kontinentalsokkelundersokelse (Norway)IL IllinoisILC Interim Library CatalogILEX Interactive Landsat Executive (NASA software)ILH Internationales Landkartenhaus (Stuttgart)ILI Inst. for Land InformationILIM Inst. for Land Information Management (University of Toronto)Ill. IllinoisILLIAC Illinois Institute for Advanced ComputationILRIS-3D Intelligent Laser Range Imaging Scanner (Optech)ILS Intelligent Library System (Lockheed Martin)ILWIS Integrated Land and Water Information System (ITC)IM Information managementIMA Intermap Analytic

IMACS Integrity Monitoring and Control Software (Javad Positioning Systems)IMACUAC Information Management and Computer Utilization Advisory CommitteeIMADS Interactive Map and Data Server (USFWS)IMAG Information Management Advisory GroupIMAGE Integrated Mapping and Geographic Encoding SystemIMAGE 100 Interactive Multispectral Image Analysis System (GE)IMAN Image Analysis (system); Intermap Analytic NucleusIMAP Input, Management, Analysis, and PresentationIMC Image Motion CompensatorIMCoS International Map Collectors SocietyIMDA International Map Dealers Assn..IMG ADRG image format (USDMA)IMGW Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej (Poland)IMLS Institute of Museum and Library Services (US)IMO International Maritime OrganizationIMP Integrated Micro Products Inc.IMPAC Image Analysis Computer Package (Egbert Scientific)

IMSIntermediate map scale; Image Manipulation System; Internet Map Server (ESRI)

IMSI International Microcomputer Software, Inc.IMT Information Management Technologies (Firm); Internet Media TypeIMTA International Map Trade Assn.IMU Inertial measurement unitIMW International Map of the Worldin. Inch; inchesIN IndianaINC Institut National de CartographieINCA Indian National Cartographic Society

INCGInstitut National de Cartographie du Gabon; Institut Geographique National Guineen

INCITS International Committee for Information Technology StandardsInd. IndianaINDEC Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Censos (Argentina)INE Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (Ecuador, Guatemala)INEAC Institut National pour l'Etude Agronomique du CongoINEGI Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas, Geografia e Informatica (Mexico)INETER Instituto Nicaraguense de Estudios TerritorialesINFORM Information Network for Operational Resources Management (Arizona)INGEMMET Instituto Geologico Minero y Metalurgico (Peru)INGEO- MINAS

Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Geologico-Mineras (Colombia)

INGM Instituto Nacional de Geologia

INLT InletINMARSAT International Maritime Satellite (organization)INMG Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofisica (Portugal)INMH Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia y Hidrologia (Ecuador)INPE Instituto das Pesquisas Espaciais (Brazil)INQUA International Union for Quaternary ResearchINRA Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (France)INRAT Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de TunisieINS Inertial Navigation SystemInSAR Interferometric Synthetic Aperture RadarINSEE Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (France)INSIDE Interactive Numeric Spatial Information Data Engine (Univ. of Idaho)INSMAP International Symposium on Marine PositioningINSPIRE Infrastructure for Spatial Information in EuropeInst. InstituteINSTAAR Inst. of Arctic and Alpine Research (Univ. of Colorado)INTA Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (Argentina)INTELSAT International Telecommunications Satellite (organization)InterPARES International Research on Permanent Authentic Records Electronic SystemsINTRISCA Integrated Resource Inventory for South-Central AlaskaINUPAL Informaciones Unidas para America Latina (Chile)IO Input/output; Interior orientationI/O Input/output

IOCIntergovernmental Oceanographic Commission; Initial operational capability

ION Institute of Navigation

IOPInternational Organisation of Palaeobotany; Interagency Operating Picture (USGS)

IOS Institute of Oceanographic Science (Great Britain)IP Internet protocol; Image pointIPA Imagery Product Archive (USDMA)IPAM Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da AmazoniaIPCS Image Production Control SystemIPE Image processing engineIPF Image Processing Facility (GSFC)IPGP Institut de Physique du Globe de ParisIPRG Inst. for Petroleum Resources and Geophysics (Israel)IPLSA Illinois Professional Land Surveyors Assn.IPOSTEL Instituto Postal Telegrafico (Venezuela)IPP Integrated Plotting PackageIPS Image processing system; Inertial Positioning SystemIPT Informatica per il Territorio; Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas (Sao

Paulo, Brazil); Integrated Product TeamIPX Internet Packet ExchangeIPY International Polar YearIR Imaging Radiometer; InfraredI.R. Imperiale RealeIRAT Institut de Recherches en Agronomie Tropicale (France)IRC Intergraph Registered ConsultantIR. CH. Iron chimneyIR. CH.S.A. Iron chimney with spark arrestorIRD Information Resources Division (Arizona)IRDB Integrated regional databaseIRDS Information Resource Dictionary SystemIRF Internal Raster File; Internal Raster FormatIRG Inter-Record GapIRICC Interagency Resource Information Coordination Council

IRISInfrared Interferometer/Spectrometer; Interim Research and Intelligence Service (U.S. Dept. of State); Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology

IRIS R&AResearch and Analysis Branch, Interim Research and Intelligence Service (U.S. Dept. of State)

IRLSA Illinois Registered Land Surveyors Assn.IRRI International Rice Research Inst.

IRSInternal Revenue Service (U.S.); Information retrieval system; Indian Remote Sensing (Satellite)

IRSA Inst. of Remote Sensing ApplicationsIRWA International Right of Way Assn.IRWD Irvine Ranch Water DistrictIs. IslandIS International StandardI.S. John Speed

ISAInstitute of Surveyors of Australia; Internet Starter Applications; Integrated Survey Area (British Columbia)

ISABU Institut des Sciences Agronomiques au BurundiISAMS Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric SounderISAPI Internet Server Application Programming InterfaceISBD(CM) International Standard Bibliographic Description for Cartographic MaterialsISBD(ER) International Standard Bibliographic Description for Electronic ResourcesISC Information Systems CouncilISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology ProjectISCEM International Society of Curators of Early MapsISD Information Services Div.ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network

ISEA Icosahedral Snyder equal area (projection)

ISERTInstitut Superieur pour les Etudes et Recherches Scientifique et Techniques (Djibouti)

ISGS Illinois State Geological Survey

ISIImage Subsystem Interface; Information Systems Inventory (EPA); Interpretation System, Inc.

I-SITE Intelligent Screening of Imagery for TeleophthalmologyIsl. IslandISL Island; Illinois State LibraryISLP Land-tied islandISLS IslandsISM Interpretive Structural ModelingISMS International Society for Mine SurveyingISO Imaging Spectrometer Observatory; International Standards OrganizationISP Internet service providerISPI Intermediate-scale Product InventoryISPLS Indiana Society of Professional Land SurveyorsISPRS International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote SensingISR Information Storage and RetrievalISRO Indian Space Research OrganisationIS&T Information Systems and TechnologyISTAT Istituto Centrale di Statistica (Italy)ISTD Inter-Services Topographical Dept. (Great Britain)ISTH IsthmusISU International System of UnitsISURL Indiana State Univ. Remote Sensing LaboratoryIT Information technology; Integration Technologies Inc.I.T. Idaho TerritoryITA Intelligent Traverse AdjustmentITAA Information Technology Assn. of AmericaITC International Inst. for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (Netherlands;

formerly International Training Centre for Aerial Survey); International Trade Commission

ITCA International Topographic Composition Assn.ITD Interim Terrain DataITE Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (Great Britain)ITF INTERLIS Transfer FormatITFE Inductive terrain feature extractionITRF International Terrestrial Reference FrameITRF00 International Terrestrial Reference Frame of 2000ITRM Information Technology Resouces Management (standard, Virginia)ITRS International Terrestrial Reference System

ITS Intelligent transportation systemITSA Independent Travel Stores Assn.; Ingeneria y Topografia, S.A. de C.V.ITU Image Transfer Unit; International Telecommunications UnionIUE International Ultraviolet ExplorerIUGG International Union of Geodesy and GeophysicsIUGS International Union of Geological SciencesIUSM International Union for Surveying and MappingIVHS Intelligent Vehicle Highway SystemsIW Information WarfareIWARDS Iowa Water Resources Data SystemIWIS International Water Information SystemIWPC Inst. of Water Pollution ControlIWRA International Water Resources Assn.I2S International Imaging Systems Inc.

J

JACIE Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (Committee, USA)JAGIS Journalism and GIS Interest GroupJALBTCX Joint Airborne LiDAR Bathymetry Technical Center of ExpertiseJAMP Joint Automated Mapping ProjectJATOP Army Topographic Service (Indonesia)JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration AgencyJ.C. Johannes Condet (engraver)JCCDS Joint Committee on Cartographic Data Standardization (U.S.)JCLS John Chance Land Surveys, Inc.JCP Joint Committee on Printing (U.S. Congress)JDSF Jackson Demonstration State Forest (Calif.)JEC John E. Chance & AssociatesJECA John E. Chance & AssociatesJERS Japanese Earth Resources SatelliteJFA John Frank & AssociatesJFIF JPEG File Interchange FormatJ.G.S. John Gaspar Scheuchzer.jgw JPEG with World FileJ.H. Jagerhaus = hunting lodgeJICA Japan International Cooperation Agency = Kokusai Kyoryoku JigyodanJIGI Java Interface for Geospatial InformationJISC Joint Information Systems CommitteeJ&K Jammu and Kashmir

JMC Japan Map CenterJMPC Joint Mapping and Photography Committee (U.S.)JMT Johnson, Mirmiran and Thompson (Firm)JMTK Joint Mapping Tool KitJNC Jet Navigation ChartJNGC Jordan National Geographic CentreJOG Joint operations graphicJOG-A Joint operations graphic--airJOG-G Joint operations graphic--groundJOG-R Joint operations graphic--radarJOIDES Joint Oceanographic Institutions' Deep Earth SamplingJoM Journal of MapsJOMAR Joint Office for Mapping and Research (USGS-NOAA)JPEG Joint Photographic Experts Group.JPG Joint Photographic Experts Group formatJPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.)JPS Javad Positioning Systems, Inc.JP2 JPEG2000Jr HS Junior high schoolJRI Jordregisterinstituttet (Norway)JSC Johnson Space CenterJSD Jamaica Survey Dept.JTIDS Joint Tactical Information Distribution SystemJTU Jabatan Tanah dan UkurJWPCF Journal of the Water Pollution Control FederationJ.W. John WebberJWS James W. Sewall Company, Inc.

K

K 1,000; KiloKAM Kansas Assn. of MappersKan. KansasKANDIDATS Univ. of Kansas Landsat Software SystemKAPS Kentucky Assn. of Land SurveyorsKAR Kinematic ambiguity resolutionKARS Kansas Applied Remote Sensing (program)KB KilobyteKBPS Kilobytes per secondKCWA Kern County Water Agency (Calif.)

KDD Knowledge discovery in databasesKDI Knowledge and Distributed IntelligenceKDMS Kork Digital Mapping SystemKDSP Kork Digital Stereo PlotterK&E Keuffel & EsserK+F Kummerly + Frey AGKfz. KraftfahrzeugKGPS Kinematic GPSKGS Kansas Geological Survey; Kentucky Geological SurveykHz. KilohertzKHz. KilohertzKIER Korean Inst. of Energy and ResourcesKil. KilometerKINDS Knowledge Interfaces to National Data Setsk.k. Kaiserlich-koenigliche = Imperial, royalKKH Karakoram HighwayKIMO @@kl. kleinKl. KlasseKL Karhunen-Loeve (transform)K-L Karhunen-Loeve (transform)Klbf KleinbahnhofKleinb Kleinbahn = Narrow-guage railroadKleinbf KleinbahnhofKls. Kloster = cloisterKLSD Kiribati Land and Survey Div.km KilometerKM Kansas MapperKN Kartographische Nachrichten (journal)KNP Kruger National ParkKNRIS Kentucky Natural Resources Information SystemKREMU Kenya Rangeland Ecological Monitoring UnitKRG Kurdistan Regional GovernmentKRIS Kentucky Resources Information SystemKSC Kennedy Space Center (US)KSNM Thousands (K) of square nautical milesKU Univ. of KansaskV KilovoltkW KilowattKW KilowattKWIC Key Word in ContextKWOC Key Word Out of Context

Ky. KentuckyKY Kentucky

L

l Literl. LinksLa. LouisianaLA Land access; LouisianaL.A. Los Angeles (Calif.)LAAS Local Area Augmentation System

LACLibraries and Archives Canada = Bibliotheque et Archives du Canada; Litografia Artistica Cartografica; Local Area Composite

LACIE Large Area Crop Inventory ExperimentLADAR Laser Detection and RangingLAGEO Laser Geodynamic SatelliteLAGIC Louisiana Geographic Information CenterLAMP Low Altitude Mapping PhotogrammetryLAMPS Laser-scan Automated Map Production SystemLAMS Large Area Mosaicing SoftwareLAN Local area networkLAND Landmark feature identification numberLANDRU Local Access to Networked Data Retrieval Utility (Univ. of Calgary)LANDSAT Land SatelliteLAP Landsat Applications Program (PNW)LARIS Louisiana Areal Resource Information SystemLARS Laboratory for Applications of Remote Sensing (Purdue Univ.)

LARSYSLaboratory of Applications of Remote Sensing Image Data Processing System (Purdue Univ.)

LAS Land Analysis SystemLASN Local Area Spatial NetworkLASS Land Applications Satellite System (ESA)Lat. LatitudeLAT Large Area TriangulationLAU Landesamt fur Umweltschutz (Saarland)LBA Large-scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in AmazoniaLBR Laser Beam RecorderLC Library of Congress (U.S.); Land coverL/C Land coverLCA Land cover analysis

LCC Lambert conformal conic (projection)LCD Liquid-crystal displaysLCDB Land Cover DatabaseLCDC Land Conservation and DevelopmentLCGMD Library of Congress Geography and Map Div. (U.S.)LCMMP California Land Cover Mapping & Monitoring ProgramLCS Liberian Cartographic ServiceLCTY LocalityLDAS Land Data Assimilation System (NASA)LDPC Local Datum Plane CoordinateLDD Land Development Desktop 2iLDLS Lesotho Dept. of Lands, Surveys and Physical PlanningLDMG Lesotho Dept. of Mines and GeologyLDNG LandingLDO Land Development Office (NovaLIS Technologies)LDSI LandDesign Surveying Inc.LE Less than or equalLEAF Land Ecosystem Atmosphere FeedbackLEC Lockheed Electronics CompanyLEM Landform Elevation Model; Lunar Escape ModuleLEO Low Earth orbitLEP Linear Error ProbableLES Lincoln Electric SystemLF Large format; Line feedLFC Large format cameraLFI Schweizerisches LandesforstinventarLFVZ Leichtensteinische Fremdenverkehrszentralelg. langLg. LangeLGIS Land Geographic Information SystemLGISC Louisiana Geographic Information Systems CouncilLGN LagoonLGS Liberian Geological Survey; Louisiana Geological SurveyLGSOWOG Landsat Ground Station Operations Working GrouplH lichte HoheLI Landmaelingar IslandsLIA Land Information and Analysis office (USGS)LIBER- Gdc

Ligue des Biblioth`eques Europeennes de Recherche, Groupe des cartothecaires

LIC Land Information Centre

LICGFLand Information & Computer Graphics Facility (Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison)

LIDAR, Lidar Light Detection and RangingLieut. LieutenantLIGO Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory

LIMLand identification method; Land Inventory and Management Program (USSCS)

LIMA Landsat Image Mosaic of AntarcticaLIMAP Landsat Imagery Analysis Package (S.Dakota)LIMO Land Information Management Office (Miami County, Kans.)LIMS Location Management SystemLINZ Land Information New ZealandLIO Land Information Ontario

LISLand information system(s); Landsat Information System; Lightening Imaging Sensor

LISCOM Land Information Systems Committee (So. Australia)LIT Land Information TorontoLith. Lithographed; lithographerLK LakeLKB Lockwood, Kessler & Bartlett Inc.LKC Crater lakeLKI Intermittent lakeLKS LakesLKSC Crater lakesLL Line-by-lineLLA Adjusted line lengthLLC Line length codeLLV Low Light VisibilityLMCTF Land Managers Cooperative Task Force (Alaska)LMIC Land Management Information CenterLMP Land Management PlanningLMS Large-scale mapping systemLMV Statens Lantmateriverket (Sweden)LO Located objectL&O Limnology & Oceanography (journal)LOC Library of Congress; Landsat Oversight Committee (Colorado)LOD Levels of detailLOGIC Loveland Geographic Information/Cartographic SystemLOMA Letters of map amendmentLOMC Letters of map correctionLOMR Letters of map revisionLon. LongitudeLong. LongitudeLORAN Long Range Navigation (system)

LOS Land Observation Satellite (Japan); Line-of-sightLP Line printerLPGS Landsat Product Generation System; Level 1 Product General SystemLPI Lines per inch; Lunar and Planetary InstituteLPM Load point markerLPS Library Programs Service (USGPO); Local positioning systemsLQ Letter qualityLR Laser RetroflectorLRD Low resolution dataLRDA Land Resources Data AnalysisLRDB Low Resolution Data BaseLRDC Land Resources Development CentreLRIDP Land Resources Inventory Demonstration Project (PNW)

LRISLand Registration and Information Service (Maritime Provinces); Land Resource Information System (S. Dakota and N. Carolina)

LRITF Land Resources Inventory Task ForceLRM Linear Referencing MethodLRR Laser Retro-reflectorLRS Linear Referencing SystemLRU Line Replaceable Unit; Line Replacement UnitLRUD Left, right, up, downL/S LandsatLSAW Land Surveyors' Assn. of WashingtonLSD Land Surface Datum; Lands and Survey Div. (Trinidad and Tobago)LSDP Landsat Signature Development Program (software)LSI LiDAR Services InternationalLSIT Land surveyor in trainingLSM Land Surface Models (NASA)LSN Linear scaling numberLSO Land Surveyors OnlineLSPS Louisiana Society of Professional SurveyorsLSR Local Space RectangularLSRC Louisiana Spatial Reference CenterLSRP Laser PrinterLst LadestelleLST Local Standard TimeLt. LieutenantLT Less than; Local Time; Linear triangulationLTAP Long-Term Acquisition Plan (USGS)LTC Light transfer characteristicsLTE Less than or equalLTER Long Term Ecological Research project

LTTM Longterm Terrain ModelLTO Land Title Office (New Zealand)LTU Line Transfer UnitLU Land unitsL/U Land use

LUCCASLand Use and Cover Change Analysis System (Pacific Meridian Resources)

LUDA Land Use and Data Analysis (program); Land use development assistanceLU/LC (or LULC)

Land use, land cover

LUM Limited update, monoscopicLUMIS Land Use Management Information System (JPL software)LUMS Land Use Management SystemLUNHA Land Use History of North America (USGS)LUNR Land Use and Natural Resource Information System (N.Y.)LUPIN Land Use Planning Information Network (CERES)LUS Limited update, stereoLUST Leaking underground storage tankLUT Land utilization typeLVAB-W Landesvermessungsamt Baden-WurttembergLVAN-W Landesvermessungsamt Nordrhein-WestfalenLVAR-P Landesvermessungsamt Rheinland-PfalzLVAS Landesvermessungsamt des SaarlandesLVAS-H Landesvermessungsamt Schleswig-HolsteinLVVWD Las Vegas Valley Water DistrictlW lichte WeiteLWC Louisville Water CompanyLWD Littoral Warfare Data

M

m Meterm. mittlereM Maestrale, Magistrale, Meridionalis, Meridialis, Mezzodi = SouthM. Mile; mille (1,000); MitteMA Mean annual; Maritime Administration; Massachusetts; Manitoba

MACMachine automation control; Mapping Applications Center (USGS); Mineralogical Assn. of Canada; Mapping Advisory Committee; Mobile Arctic caisson

MACA Ministerio de Asuntos Campesinos y Agropecuarios (Bolivia)MAD Management Areas Database; Metro Area Disaster GIS (Oregon)

MADAR Maps and Data at Ryerson [University}

MADGICMaps, Data and Government Information Centre (Trent University); Maps, Academic Data, Geographic Information Centre (Univ. of Calgary)

MADM Multiple attributes decision-makingMAF Master address fileMAFF Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (U.K.)MAFI Magyar Allami Foldtani Intezet = Hungarian Geological Inst.MAG Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia (Costa Rica, Ecuador)MAGE Map Authoring and Generalisation ExpertMAGERT Map and Geography Round Table (ALA)MAGI Maryland Automated Geographic Information System

MAGICMap and Geographic Information Center (Univ. of Conn. and Univ. of New Mexico); Map and Geospatial Information Collection (Dalhousie University Library)

MAGIS Maps, Aerials and GIS (Univ. of Hawaii Library, Manoa)MAGSAT Magnetic Field Satellite (U.S.)MAIGIS Multi-Agency Internet Geographic Information ServiceMALSCE Massachusetts Assn. of Land Surveyors and Civil Engineers

MAPMap Analysis Package; Mapping Alliance Program (Space Imaging, Inc.); Market Area Planner (Huff)

MAPA Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion (Spain)MAPCAT Map catalogMAPDS Ministerio de Agricultura y Pesca, Direccion de Suelos (Uruguay)MAPIS Map Products Information SystemMaPKBS Map Projection Knowledge-based System

MAPPSManagement Assn. for Private Photogrammetric Surveyors; Maps, Aerial Photo and Publication System

MAPSMississippi Assn. of Professional Surveyors; Measurement of Air Pollution from Satellite

M.A.P.S. Microcomputer-based Automated Projection SystemMAPSAT Mapping Satellite (U.S.)MAR Mean annual runoffMARAD Maritime Administration (US)

MARCMachine Readable Cataloging (LC); Mid-America Remote Sensing Center (Murray State Univ., KY)

MARIS Mississippi Automated Resource Information System

MARLSMissouri Assn. of Registered Land Surveyors; Montana Assn. of Registered Land Surveyors

MARS Monitoring Agriculture with Remote Sensing (European Union)MAS Millimeterwave Atmospheric SounderMASC Map Activity Support ContractMass. MassachusettsMASTER MODIS/ASTER Airborn Simulator (NASA)

Mat-Su Matanuska-Susitna Borough (Alaska)MAT Medial-axis transformationMATLAB Matrix LaboratoryMAW Metropolitan area windowmB MillibarMB MegabyteMBMG Montana Bureau of Mines and GeologyMBPS Million bits per secondMBR Minimum bounding rectangleMC Mapping CenterMC&G Mapping, Charting & Geodesy (U.S. Dept. of Defense)MCAS Marine Corps Air StationMCB Marke Carl Bauer = Carl Bauer BrandMCD Minor civil division; Major civil divisionMCDM Multi-criteria decision-makingMCE Mapping and Charting Establishment (Canada)MCGA Monochrome/Color Graphics AdapterMcIDAS Map-computer Interactive Data Access SystemMCIS Maps and Chart Information SystemMCMC Mid-continent Mapping Center (USGS)MCO Mars Climate OrbiterMCS Master Control StationMd. MarylandMD Maryland; MetadataMDA Monochrome Display Adapter; MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates, Inc.MDAS Multispectral Data Analysis System (Bendix Corp.)MDC Div. de la Cartographie (Morocco)MDD Mineral Deposits Div., Geological Assn. of CanadaMDG Direction de la Geologie (Morroco)MDGLS Missouri Div. of Geology and Land Survey

MDLMeasurement Devices Ltd.; MicroStation Development Language (Bentley Systems)

MDLPP Mason-Dixon Line Preservation PartnershipM.D.M. Mount Diablo MeridianMDOT Michigan Dept. of TransportationMDP Master Data ProcessorMDR Minimum Data RecorderMDS Metadata standards; Multi-dimensional scalingMDSHS Mount Diablo Surveyors Historical SocietyMDSD Mono-Digitizer Stereo-DigitizerMDOT Michigan Dept. of TransportationMDT Mountain Daylight Time

MDTC Div. de la Topographie et de la Cartographie (Mauritania)Me. MaineM.E. Military Engineer; Mining EngineerME Maine; Monoscopic ExtractionMECM Miss~ao de Estudos Cartograficos de MacaoMEDEA Measurements of Earth Data for Environmental Analysis (U.S.)MEDS Minimum essential data setMEGDR Mission Experimental Gridded Data Record(s)MEGRIN Multipurpose European Ground Related Information Networkmehr-gesch.

mehrgeschossig

MEI Maps Etc. Inc.MEIS Multispectral Electrooptical Imaging SensorMEM Ministry of Energy and Minerals (Tanzania)MEMPR Ministry of Energy, Mines and Petroleum Resources (British Columbia)MENR Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Trinidad and Tobago)MEO Medium Earth orbitMEOW Mono-Extraction Orthophoto WorkstationMER Minist`ere de l'Energie et des Ressources (Quebec)MERES Mineral and Energy Resources Exploration Satellite (Japan)MERIS Medium Resolution Imaging SpectrometerMERRA Michigan Energy and Resources Research AssociationMESSR Multispectral Electronic Self-Scanning RadiometerMETSAT Meteorological SatelliteMEWS Mono-Extraction WorkstationMF Miscellaneous Field Studies Map(USGS)MFC Map Feature CodingMFGDP Manual of Federal Geographic Data ProductsMFLOPS Million Floating Points Operations Per SecondMFS Maine Forest ServiceMGB Mississippi Bureau of GeologyMGE Microstation GIS Environment (Intergraph); Modular GIS EnvironmentMGG Marine Geology and Geophysics ReportMGIS Micro Geographic Information SystemMGRS Military Grid Reference System

MGSMaine Geological Survey; Maryland Geological Survey; Minnesota Geological Survey; Mars Global Surveyor (satellite)

MGSD Michigan Geological Survey Div.MGSSSR Ministerstvo Geologii SSSRMH Ministry of Housing (Bahrain)M.H. Meierhof = dairy farmMHAPO Minnesota Historical Aerial Photographs Online

MHTD Missouri Highway and Transportation Dept.MHW Mean High WaterMHz MegahertzMi. Mile(s)MI Michigan; Military Intelligence; Miscellaneous Investigations (map)MIAS Multispectral Image Analysis SystemMich. MichiganMIEM Minist`ere de l'Industrie et de Mines (Malagasy Republic)MIF Main Image File; MapInfo Interchange FormatMil. Military

MILMap and Imagery Laboratory (Univ. of Calif., Santa Barbara); Milli-inch (1 thousandth of an in.)

MILSTRIP Military Standard Requisitioning and Issue Procedures (USDMA)MILUS Multiple Input Land Use System (JPL software)MIME MultiPurpose Internet Mail ExtensionMin. MinuteMin. E. Mineral Engineer; Mining EngineerMinn. MinnesotaMIO Map Information Office

MIPSMap and Image Processing System; Million Instructions Per Second; Mini-Image Processing System

MIRAGE Map Image Rendering Database for Geoscience (NRCan)MIS Management Information System; Map Information System

MISRMulti-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (NASA); Macaulay Institute for Soil Research

Miss. MississippiMITE Megapixel Imaging TechnologyMITES Miniature Interferometer Terminals for Earth SurveyMJH M.J. Harden Associates, Inc.ML Master LibraryMLA Multi-linear arrayMLC Minimal level cataloging (Library of Congress)MLHD Maximum likelihood (decision functions)MLLW Mean Lower Low WaterMLMIC Minnesota Land Management Information CenterMLMIS Minnesota Land Management Information SystemMLRA Major Land Resource AreasMLTA Maine Land Title Assn.MLW Mean low waterMMKS Mjetve Mesimore Kulturore e Sportive "Hamid Shijaku" (Albania)MMOI Mathematical Mode of InquiryMMQ Metric Map Questionnaire

MMSMetropolitan Map Series; Minerals Management Service (U.S.); Multi-Mission Modular Spacecraft (U.S.)

MMSD Metric Mapping Support DataMN Magnetic north; Mine; MinnesotaMn/DOT Minnesota Dept. of TransportationMNFS Minor frame synchronizationMNR Ministry of Natural Resources (Ontario)MNS Multi-Navigator System (Brunton)Mo. MissouriMO Magnetic-optical disc; Member organization; Missouri; Model orientationMOA Minute of angleMoD Ministry of DefenceMODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (or Spectrometer)MODM Multiple objectives decision-makingMODN Module nameMOLA Mars Orbital Laser AltimeterMOLDS Inst. for Modernization of Land Data SystemsMOMS Modular Optoelectric Multispectral ScannerMont. MontanaM.O.P. Ministerio de Obras PublicasMOPU Ministerio de Obras Publicas y Urbanismo (Spain)MoRAP Missouri Resource Assessment PartnershipMOS Marine Observation Satellite; Multispectral Optoelectric ScannerMOSS Map Overlay and Statistical SystemMOST Moving Objects Spatio-TemporalMOUG Map Online Users GroupMP Measuring pointMPC Minnesota Population CenterMPE Map Publishing EnvironmentMPLIS Multipurpose land information system(s)Mpls. MinneapolisMPO Multiproduct operation; Metropolitan planning organizationsMPP Multi-spectral scanner preprocessorMPRD Modified Proportional Radial DisplacementMPRM Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources (Saudi Arabia)MPWUPH Ministry of Public Works, Urban Planning and Housing (Djibouti)MR Monoscopic revisionMRAC Musee Royale de l'Afrique CentraleMRB Missouri River BasinMRBC Missouri River Basin CommissionMRC Mississippi River Commission; Map Reference Code (USGS)MRD Mineral Resources Div. (Manitoba); Mineral Resources Dept. (Fiji);

McCloud Ranger DistrictMRDB Mapping Requirements Data Base SystemMRI Metadata Reference Information; Mediamark Research Inc.MRIB Marine Realms Information BankMRIR Medium Resolution Infrared RadiometerMRLA Major Land Resource AreaMRLU Map Reproduction and Liaison UnitMRMS Maritime Resources Management ServiceMRS Multispectral Resource SamplerMrSID Multiresolution Seamless Image DatabaseMRSA Major River Systems AnalysisMRSH MarshMRWS Monoscopic Revision Workstationms. Manuscript

MSManuscript; Mean seasonal; Milli-second; Microsoft Corp.; Monochromatic Scanner; Mississippi

MSAMetropolitan statistical area; Mineralogical Society of America; Maritime Safety Agency (Japan)

MSC Map Society of California; Mapping Science Committee (NRC)MSD Mapping support data; Malawi Dept. of Surveys; Mauritius Survey Dept.MSDO Mapping Support District OfficeMS-DOS MicroSoft Disc Operating SystemMSE Mean square errorMSEDB Mapping Sciences Education Data BaseMSIA Mapping Sciences Inst., AustraliaMSIRI Mauritius Sugar Industry Research Inst.MSIS Map Separates Information System; Model State Information SystemMSL Mean sea levelMSLS Maine Society of Land SurveyorsMSP Multispectral photography.MSP Microsoft Paint formatMSPE Missouri Society of Professional Engineers

MSPSMichigan Society of Professional Surveyors; Minnesota Society of Professional Surveyors

MSR Minimal Spatial RepresentationMSRN Michigan Spatial Reference NetworkMSRLS Michigan Society of Registered Land SurveyorsMSS Multispectral Scanner; Maryland Society of SurveyorsMST Mountain Standard Time

MSTDMarine Science and Technology Division (Science Applications International Corporation)

MSTS Map Separates Tracking System

MSU Microwave Sounding UnitMSV Model and Scenario VisualizationMt. Mount; Mountain; MontMT Mountain; MontanaMTA Major Trading Areas (FCC)MTAE Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitutu (Turkey)MTC Ministerio de Transporte y Comunicaciones (Venezuela)MTF Modulation transfer functionMTJ Mendocino Triple JunctionMTLT Minimum Total Length TriangulationMtn. MountainMTO Ministry of Transportation (Ontario)MTP MSS Telemetry ProcessorMTPE Mission to Planet Earth (NASA)MTS Mountains; Maine Technical SourceMTSAT Multi-Functional Transport Satellite (Japan)MTT Mobile Training Teams (USDMA)MTU Magnetic tape unitMUAC Map Users Advisory Committee (ACMLA)MUID Map Unit ID (Identification)MUIR Map Unit Interpretations Record (US NRCS)MURB Minister fur Umwelt, Raumordnung und Bauwesen (Saarland)MVE Multi-View EditorMVI Mapping for the Visually ImpairedMVP Moving vessel profilerMW MegawattM.W. MittelwasserMWDI Master Water Data IndexMWF Map Window FileMWRTK Midwest Real Time KinematicMWT Minimum Weight TriangulationMyCOE My Country, Our Earth

N

n. nordlich = northernN Norden = NorthN. NorthNA National Archives; National Atlas; Not available; Not applicableNABCI North American Bird Conservation Initiative

NABGG National Assn. for Black Geologists and GeophysicistsNAC NASA Advisory Council

NACISNorth American Cartographic Information Society = Sociedad de Informacion Cartografica Norte Americana

NACo National Assn. of CountiesNACS National Assn. of County SurveyorsNAD North American DatumNAD 27 North American Datum of 1927NAD 83 North American Datum of 1983NADCON North American Datum Conversion (NGS)NADEC National Atlas Development Centre (Ghana)NADO National Assn. of Development OrganizationsNAFSMA National Assn. of Flood and Stormwater Management AgenciesNAGT National Assn. of Geoscience TeachersNAHSC National Automated Highway System ConsortiumNAICS North American Industry Classification SystemNAIP National Agriculture Imagery Program (USDA)NAIS National Atlas Information Service (Canada)NALMS North American Lake Management SocietyNALS Nevada Assn. of Land SurveyorsNAMCOR National Petroleum Corporation of NamibiaNAO North Atlantic OscillationNAP Northern Affairs Program (Canada)NAPA National Academy of Public AdministrationNAPL National Air Photo Library (Canada)NAPP National Aerial Photography Program (U.S.)NARA National Archives and Records Administration (U.S.)NARC National Association of Regional CouncilsNARL Naval Arctic Research Laboratory (Barrow, Alaska)NARS National Archives and Records Service (U.S.)NARSA National Advanced Remote Sensing Applications ProgramNAS National Academy of Sciences (U.S.); National Airspace System (U.S.)NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)NASBOG National Assn. of State Boards of GeologyNASDA National Space Development Agency (Japan)NASS National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA)NAST NPOESS Airborne Sounder TestbedNATM New Austrian Tunnelling MethodNATMAP Div. of National Mapping (Australia)NATMO Indian National Atlas and Thematic Mapping OrganizationNATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNAVD North American Vertical Datum

NAVD 88 North American Vertical Datum 1988NAVOCEANO Naval Oceanographic Office (U.S.)NavSol Navigation Solutions LLCNavtech Navigation Technology Seminars Inc.NAVTECH Navigation Technologies Corp.NAWQUA National Water Quality Assessment (Program, USGS)NB Narrow band; New BrunswickNbf NebenbahnhofNBFU National Board of Fire UnderwritersNbg. NurnbergNBI National Bridge Inventory (US)NBII National Biological Information InfrastructureNBMG Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology

NBSNational Biological Survey (U.S.); National Bureau of Standards (U.S.); National Board of Survey = Maanmittaushallitus (Finland)

NBSM National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (China)NBTR Narrow band tape record(s or -er)NC North CarolinaN.C. North CarolinaNCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.)NCARB National Council of Architectural Registration BoardsNCC National Cartographic Centre (Iran)NCDCDS National Committee for Digital Cartographic Standards (U.S.)NCDS National Cartographic Data StandardNCDSB National Cartographic Data Standard BaseNCE North Coast EngineeringNCEE National Council of Engineering ExaminersNCEES National Council of Examiners for Engineering and SurveyingNCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction (US)NCGA National Computer Graphics Assn.NCGE National Council for Geographic EducationNCGIA National Center for Geographic Information and AnalysisNCGMP National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (US)NC&GS National Charting & Geodetic SurveyNCGS North Carolina Geological SurveyNCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research ProgramNCIC National Cartographic Information Center (U.S.)NCITS National Committee for Information Technology Standards (USA)NCMOC Naval Central Meteorology and Oceanography Center (US)NCR National Capital RegionNCRDS National Coal Resources Data SystemNCRST National Consortia on Remote Sensing in Transportation

NCRST-F National Consortia on Remote Sensing in Transportation - (Flows)NCS National Cartographic StandardsNCSA National Center for Supercomputer ApplicationsNCSD Nebraska Conservation and Survey Div.NCSME Service des Mines et de l'Energie (New Caledonia)NCSS North Carolina Society of SurveyorsND North DakotaN.D. North DakotaN-D N-dimensionalNDAR National Directory of Australian ResourcesNDCDB National Digital Cartographic Data Base (USGS)NDCS National Digital Cartographic StandardsNDF Nevada Division of ForestryNDG Northern Development Group Inc.

NDGPSNational Differential GPS Network (or System) (US); Nationwide Differential GPS

NDGS North Dakota Geological SurveyNDI Nautical Data International Inc.

NDIIPPNational Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (Library of Congress)

NDL National Digital Library (Library of Congress)NDLS Nauru Directorate of Lands and SurveyNDNRC Nevada Dept. of Natural Resources and ConservationNDOT Nevada Dept. of TransportationNDS National Decision SystemsNDSL Nevada Division of State LandsNDSPLS North Dakota Society of Professional Land SurveyorsNDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation IndexNE Northeast; NebraskaNeb. NebraskaNEAR Near Earth Asteroid RendezvousNED National Elevation Dataset (earlier sometimes called Database)(USGS)NE[Delta] Exoatmospheric Noise Equivalent ReflectancesNEDSS National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (US)NEHRP National Earthquake Hazards Reduction ProgramNEIC National Earthquake Information Center (USGS)NEIS National Earthquake Information ServiceNEL National Exploitation LaboratoryNEMO North East Map Organization

NEPANNational Environmental Policy Act; National Environmental Protection Act

NERDD Networked Electronic Report & Document Distribution

NERL North East Research Libraries (US)NES New England Section (ACSM)NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service (US)NESACSM New England Section ACSMNESDIS National Environmental Satellite Data and Information ServiceNESS National Environmental Satellite ServiceNESTA National Earth Science Teachers Assn.NET New Electronic Titles (US GPO)NETR Nationwide Environmental Title Research, LLCNev. NevadaNEXRAD Next Generation Weather RadarNF NewfoundlandNFAP National Forest Applications ProgramNFDRS National Fire Danger Rating SystemNFFL National Forest Fire LaboratoryNFIP National Flood Insurance Program (U.S.)NFIRA National Flood Insurance Reform Act (U.S.)NFIS National Forest Information SystemNfld. Newfoundland

NFSNational Forest Service (USA); National Forest System; Network File System

NFWS National Fish and Wildlife Service (USA)N.G. Nicholas GuerardNGA National Geospatial-Intelligence AgencyNGBN National Gravity Base Net (USA)NGCS National Geodetic and Cartographic Service (Vietnam)NGDA National Geospatial Digital Archive (Library of Congress)

NGDCNational Geophysical Data Center (USA); National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse

NGDFNational Geospatial Data Files; National Geospatial Data Framework (UK)

NGES Northrup Grumman Electronic SystemsNGGI National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (Australia)NGI National Geography Inst. = Kungnip Chiriwon (S. Korea)NGIC National Geodetic Information CenterNGMA National Geoscience Mapping Agency (Australia)NGMBD National Geologic Map Database (USGS)NGPRP Northern Great Plains Resource ProgramNGRI National Geophysical Research Inst. (India)NGRS National Geodetic Reference System (USA)NGS National Geographic Society (USA); National Geodetic Survey (U.S.)NGSP National Geodetic Satellite Program

NGTOC National Geospatial Technical Operations Center (USGS)NGU Norges Geologiske UndersokelseNGVD National Geodetic Vertical DatumNGVD29 National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929NGWIC National Ground Water Information CenterNH New HampshireN.H. New Hampshire; New HavenNHAP National High Altitude Photography (program)NHC National Hurricane Center (USA)NHD National Hydrography Dataset (USGS)NHGIS National Historical Geographic Information System (MPC)NHLSA New Hampshire Land Surveyors Assn.NHPN National Highway Planning Network (FHWA)NHS National Highway System; National Height System (USA)NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (USA)NI Natturfraedistofnun IslandsNICMOS Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object SpectrometerNIEHS National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (US)NII National Information InfrastructureNIIGA Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Institut Geologii Artiki (U.S.S.R.)NILS National Integrated Land System (US BLM)NIMA National Imagery and Mapping Agency (USA)NIMSA National Interest Mapping Service Agreement (UK)NIP National Imagery Project (NRCan)NIPR National Inst. for Polar Research (Japan)NIS Nationwide Inpatient Sample (AHCPR)NIST National Inst. of Standards and Technology (USA)NITF National Imagery Transmission FormatNIUA National Inst. of Urban Affairs (India)NIWAR National Inst. of Water and Atmosphere Ltd. (New Zealand)NJ New JerseyN.J. New JerseyNJDEP New Jersey Dept. of Environmental ProtectionNJDOT New Jersey Dept. of TransportationNJGIN New Jersey Geographic Information NetworkNJGS New Jersey Geological SurveyNJIT New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNJMapp New Jersey Mapping Assistance Partnership ProgramNJSPLS New Jersey Society of Professional Land SurveyorsNJSPS New Jersey Society of Professional SurveyorsNLA National Land Agency (Japan); National Library of AustraliaNLAPS National Landsat Archive Production Sytem (USGS)

NLCD National Land Cover Dataset (USGS & USEPA)NLD National Levee Database (UCACE)NLDAS North American Land Data Assimilation System (NASA)NLIS National Land Information Service (UK)NLQ Near-letter qualityNLRB National Level Bibliographic RecordNLUIS Northern Land Use Information Series (Canada)NM New MexicoNMAS National Map Accuracy Standard(s)NMASM New Mexico Assn. of Surveyors and MappersNMB National Mapping Bureau (Papua New Guinea)NMBM&MR New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral ResourcesNMC National Map Collection (Canada)NMCC National Map Collection of CanadaNMD National Mapping Div. (USGS)NMDOT New Mexico Dept. of TransportationNMF Network Mapping Facilities (Firm)NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service (U.S.)NMMC National Map Managers ConferenceNMP National Mapping Program (USGS)NNE North northeastNNSS Navy Navigational Satellite SystemNNW North north westno nordostwartsNO Nordosten = northeastN.O. New OrleansNOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (U.S.)NOBS Northern Ohio Bibliographic SocietyNOD New Orleans DistrictNOMS Northern Ohio Map SocietyNOPPA National Ocean Pollution Protection Act

NORTADNorth American Transportation Atlas Data; North American Transportation Database

NOS National Ocean Service (U.S.); National Ocean Survey (U.S.)NOSC National Oceans Systems CenterNOSS National Oceanographic Satellite System (U.S.)NP Norsk PolarinstituttNPF Norsk Petroleums-forening = Norwegian Petroleum SocietyNPIC National Photographic Interpretation Center (U.S.)NPMS National Pipeline Mapping System (US)NPOC Naval Polar Oceanographic Center (U.S.)NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites

NPP NOOESS Preparatory ProjectNPR National Performance Review (U.S.); Non-photorealistic renderingNPRA National Petroleum Reserve (Alaska)NPR-A National Petroleum Reserve-AlaskaNPS National Park Service (U.S.); Nonpoint sourceNr. Nummer = numberNRA National Recreation Area; NASA Radarsat ProgramNRC National Research Council; Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S.)NRCan Natural Resources CanadaNRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service (USDA)NRCT National Resources Council of Thailand

NRDDNatural Resources Data Directory (NSW); National Resources Data Directory (Australia)

NRI National Resources Inventory (SCS)

NRICNational Resource Information Centre (Australia); Natural Resources Information Council

NRIS National Resource Information SystemNRN National Road NetworkNRO National Reconnaissance Office (U.S.)NRS National Reference System (U.S.)NRSA National Remote Sensing Agency (India)NRSC National Remote Sensing Centre (U.K.)NRSL Northern Remote Sensing Laboratory (Univ. of Alaska)NRT Navigation Response Team (US Coast Survey)

NRVISNatural Resources and Values Information System (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources)

NRWS NarrowsNS Nova Scotia; Not sprinkleredNSA National Security AgencyNSAPI Netscape Server Application Programming InterfaceNSB North Slope Borough (Alaska)

NSCNational Space Council (U.S.); National Security Council (U.S.); National Society of Cartographers

NSD Nepal Survey Dept.NSDC National Spatial Data Council (U.S.)NSDI National Spatial Data Infrastructure; National Spatial Data InformationNSDNR Nova Scotia Dept. of Natural ResourcesNSF National Science Foundation (U.S.)NSGIC National States Geographic Information CouncilNSI Natural Scale IndicatorNSIF NATO Secondary Image FormatNSKV Norges Sjokartverk

NSLAB Niedersachsisches Landesamt fur BodenforschungNSLVA Niedersachsisches LandesverwaltungsamtNSN National Satellite NetworkNSPE National Society of Professional EngineersNSPS National Society of Professional SurveyorsNSRFC Nova Scotia Research Foundation Corp.NSRS National Spatial Reference System (NOAA)

NSSNational Soil Survey (Ireland); National Speleological Society; Navigational Safety System

NSSDA National Standard for Spatial Database AccuracyNSTB National Satellite Test BedNSTL National Space Technology LaboratoryNSW New South Wales

NTADNational Transportation Atlas Data (or Database(s) -- U.S. Bureau of Transportation)

NTD National Topographic Database (OS)NTDB National Topographic Data Base (Canada)NTDL Northern Territory Dept. of Lands (Australia)NTDME Dept. of Mines and Energy (Northern Territory, Australia)NTF National Transfer Format (U.K.)NTIS National Technical Information Service (U.S.)NTM Notice to MarinersNTPS National Transportation Planning SystemNTS National Topographic Series (Canada); National Topographic System

(Canada); Navigation Technology Satellite; Nevada Test SiteNTSB National Transportation Safety Board (U.S.)NUC National Union CatalogNUC CM National Union Catalog, Cartographic MaterialNURE National Uranium Resources Evaluation (program)NV NevadaNVCA Nottawasaga Valley Conservation AuthorityNVCN National Vertical Control Network (U.S.)NVDI Normalized difference vegetation indexnw nordwestlichNW Northwest; NordwestenN.W. NiedrigwasserNWA National Water AllianceNWFP North West Frontier Province (Pakistan)

NWINational Wetlands Inventory (USFWS); National Wilderness Inventory (Australia)

NWS National Weather Service (NOAA)NWSCA National Water and Soil Conservation Authority (New Zealand)

NWWS North West Wetlands SurveyNY New YorkN.Y. New YorkN.Y.C. New York CityNYPL New York Public LibraryNYSAPLS New York State Assn. of Professional Land SurveyorsNYSDOT New York State Dept. of TransportationNYSDT New York State Dept. of TransportationNYSGS New York Geological State Geological SurveyNZ New ZealandN.Z. New ZealandNZFS New Zealand Forest ServiceNZGD New Zealand Geophysics Div.NZGS New Zealand Geological SurveyNZMG New Zealand Map GridNZMS New Zealand Dept. of Lands and SurveyNZOI New Zealand Oceanographic Inst.NZSB New Zealand Soil Survey

O

o ostwartsO Osten, Orientalis, Orien, Oriente, Orientis = EastOAB Operational advisory broadcastsOAC Osterreichischer Automobil ClubOACES Oregon Association of County Engineers and SurveyorsOACH Office of the Assistant Chief HydrologistOADCES On-line Aerotriangulation Data Collection and Editing SystemOAdW Osterreichische Akademie der WissenschaftenOAF Optimal aerial forecastingOALS Office of Arid Lands StudiesOAMTC Osterreichischer Automobil-, Motorrad- und Touring-ClubOAS Orbit Adjustment Subsystem; Organization of American StatesOASIS Oceanic and Atmospheric Scientific Information SystemObj. ObjektOBM Ontario Base Map; Ontario Basic Mapping ProgramOBRP Object representationOBS Office of Biological ServicesOC Oil and Gas Investigation Chart (USGS)OCAP Ohio Capability Analysis Project

OC-CLSA Orange County Chapter of the California Land Surveyor's Assn.OCE Office of the Chief of EngineersOCH Office of the Chief HydrologistOCL Object Constraint LanguageOCLC Ohio College Library CenterOCR Optical Character Recognition; Optical Character ReaderOCRS Ontario Centre for Remote Sensing

OCSOffice of Cadastral Survey (BLM); Operational Control System; Outer Continental Shelf; Ocean Color Scanner

OCTS Ocean Color and Temperature ScannerOCUL Ontario Council of University LibrariesOCX Object Component eXtensionOD Optical disc; Outside diameterODAIPR Open Data Access and Intellectual Property Rights (ICA)ODBC Operational Database ConnectivityODC Open Data ConsortiumODE Open development environmentODF Oregon Dept. of ForestryODFW Oregon Dept. of Fish and WildlifeODGMI Oregon State Dept. of Minerals and Mineral IndustriesODGS Ohio Div. of Geological SurveyODNR Ohio Dept. of Natural ResourcesODOP Ohio Digital Orthophotography ProjectODOT Ohio Dept. of Transportation; Oregon Dept. of TransportationOEEPE Organisation europeene d'etudes en photogrammetrie experimentaleOESA Office of Earth Science ApplicationsOF Open file; Open-fileOFAT Ontario Flow Assessment TechniquesOffn. Offnung = aperture, openingOFIPLAN Oficina de Planificacion Nacional (Costa Rica)OFR Open file report; Open-file reportOFSS Open-file Services SectionOGC Open GIS Consortium, Inc.; Oil and Gas Commission (British Columbia)OGDE Ontario Geographic Data ExchangeOGDI Open Geospatial Datastore InterfaceOGIC Oregon Geographic Information CouncilOGIS Open GIS; Office of Geographic Information Systems (New Jersey)OGRIP Ohio Geographically Referenced Information ProgramOGS Ontario Geological Survey; Oklahoma Geological SurveyOGW Office of Ground WaterOGWP Office of Ground Water Protection (EPA)OH Ohio

OHA Officeof Hawaiian AffairsOHW Office of Hazardous Wastes HydrologyOIA Office of International ActivitiesOIG Office of International GeologyOIH Office of International HydrologyOII European Commission's Open Information InterchangeOILT Oil tank farmOIS Obstruction Identification SurfacesOK Okonomisk kart (Norway); Osterreichische Karte; OklahomaOKAGE Oklahoma Alliance for Geographic EducationOLAP Online analytical processingOLE Object Linking/EmbeddingOLID Ontario Land Information Directory

OLSOperational Linescan (or Line Scan) imaging system; Ordinary Least Squares; Operational Line Scanner (DMSP)

OM Oil and Gas Investigation Map (USGS)OMG Open Management GroupOMNR Ontario Ministry of Natural ResourcesOMO Other mapping organizationOMPS Ozone Mapping and Profiler SuiteOMTC Ontario Ministry of Transportation and CommunicationsON Ontario; Original negativeONC Operational Navigation ChartONERN Oficina Nacional de Evaluacion de Recursos Naturales (Peru)ONIG Office Nationale de la Geologie (Algeria)ONPR Office of National Petroleum Reserve (USGS)ONSWG Open Navigation Surface Working GroupOnt. OntarioOO Object-OrientationOOPEC Office for Official Publications of the European CommunitiesOOSI Osterreichisches Ost- und Sudosteuropa-InstitutOPAC Online public access catalog; online patron access catalogOPCS Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (U.K.)OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesOPEDS Outside Plant Engineering Design System (ESRI, Bell South)OPIS Ocean Planning Information SystemOPL Oilfield Publications LimitedOPP Operational Positional ProcedureOPR Office of Planning and ResearchOPS Optical sensor(s)OPUS Online Positioning User Service (US NGS); Online Processing User ServiceOR Oregon

ORMAP Oregon Map (organization)OQ Orthophoto quadrangleORBIMAGE Orbital Imaging Corp.Ore. OregonORH Office of the Regional HydrologistORID Ortho Rectified Image DataORN Ontario Road NetworkORRH Office of the Regional Research HydrologistORRI Orthorectified radar imageryORSER Office for Remote Sensing of Earth Resources (Penn. State Univ.)ORSTOM Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre MerOS Ordnance Survey (U.K.); Object space; Operating SystemOSBEELS Oregon State Board of Examiners for Engineering and Land SurveyingOSCAR Online Satellite Catalog and Request System (NOAA)

OSDOverseas Surveys Directorate (U.K.); Office of the Secretary of Defense (U.S.); On-screen display

OSDA Oregon State Dept. of AgricultureOSEC Ocean Systems Engineering Corp.OSECO Ogden Surveying Equipment CompanyOSEDA Office of Social and Economic Data Analysis (Missouri)OSFD Oregon State Forestry Dept.OSGB Ordnance Survey (U.K.)

OSIOrdnance Survey of Ireland; Open Systems Interconnect model; Open Systems Interconnection

OSIP Operational Satellite Improvement ProgramOSLS Oklahoma Society of Land SurveyorsOSM Office of Surface MiningOSNI Ordnance Survey of Northern IrelandOSOA Optimal Statistical Objective AnalysisOSP Office of State PlanningOSPE Ohio Society of Professional EngineersOSS Office of Strategic Services (U.S.)OSSI Optronic Sensor for Stereo ImageryOSSIM Open Source Software Image Map (ImageLinks)OSTA Office of Space and Terrestrial Applications (NASA)OSTF Ordnance Survey Transfer FormatOSTZ Osterreichisches Statistisches ZentralamtOSU Oregon State UniversityOSW Office of Saline Water; Office of Surface WaterOTA Office of Technology AssessmentOTC Over-the-counter; Office for Topography and Cartography (Tunisia)OTF On-the-fly

OTH Over the horizonOTHT Over the horizon targetingO.U. Open underOUCLS Ontario Universities' Library Cooperative SystemOUO Official use onlyOVN Optical visible near-infraredOW Oil wellOWDC Office of Water Data CoordinationOWRD Oregon Water Resources Dept.OWRR Office of Water Resources and ResearchOWRT Office of Water Research and TechnologyOWS OGC Web Services

P

P Precision; Ponente = WestPa. PennsylvaniaPA PennsylvaniaPAA Priority abatement areas; Provincial Archives of AlbertaPAAD Program Acronyms, Abbreviations and Definitions

PACPublic Archives of Canada; Photo Annotation/Classification; Publications Advisory Committee (WAML)

PACOG Pueblo Area Council of GovernmentsPACON Pacific Congress on Marine Science and TechnologyPAD Position Aware DevicePADCO Planning and Development Cooperative InternationalPAGES Program for the Adjustment of GPS Ephemeris (NGS)

PAGISProtected Area Geographic Information System (NOAA); Planning and Geographic Information Systems (Hawaii); Pulaski (County, Ark.) Area Geographic Information System

PAI Pacific Air IndustriesPAIGH Pan-American Inst. of Geography and HistoryPAL Prime agricultural landsPALIS Ponds and Lakes Information SystemPAM Port-A-Meter; Point access methodsPAN Polska Akademia NaukPan-STARRS

Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System

PAPS Pooled Analytical Plotter SystemPARC Palo Alto Research Center (Calif.)PAS Pacific Aerial Surveys

PASDA Pennsylvania Spatial Data Access systemPASP Planning and Analysis SectionPASS Precision Aerial Survey System (3Di)PASSIA Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International AffairsPAT Polygon Attribute TablePAVE Package for Analysis and Visualization of Environmental DataPbf Personenbahnhof = Passenger railway stationPBM Portable Bitmap (format)PBO Plate Boundary Observatory; Performance-based organizationPBS Primary Base Series (USFS)PC Personal Computer; Principal componentsPCA Principal components analysis

PCCProfessional competency credit; Program for Cooperative Cataloging (Library of Congress)

PCD Practical Cartography DayPC-DOS Personal Computer-Disc Operating SystemPCGN Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official UsePCH Professional competency hour; Pacific Coast Highway (Calif.)PCLI Independent political entity (republic)P-Code Precise code; Protected codePCS POS Computer SystemPCT Pacific Coast Trail.PCX PC Paintbrush Export FormatPD Precision digitizing; Publications Div. (USGS)PDA Personal digital assistant; Portable data accessP&DC Printing & Distribution CenterPDEP Pennsylvania Dept. of Environmental ProjectionPDF Platform Data File; Portable Document FormatPDH Professional development hourPDL Page Description Language; Positioning Data Link (Pacific Crest Corp.)PDQ Public Data Queries, Inc.PDR Preliminary Design Review (U.S. government)PDS Photogrammetric Data Services

PDTPacific Daylight Time; Precision digitizing table; Pliable Display Technology

PDU Professional development unitPDWS Precision digitizing workstationP.E. Photogrammetric Engineer; Professional EngineerPECG Professional Engineers in California GovernmentPEN PeninsulaPenn. PennsylvaniaPers. Personen

PE&RS Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing (journal)PES Post enumeration surveyPf. PfeilerPFAS Pennsylvania Facility Analysis System (PDEP)PFLP Point-feature label placementPFM Pure File Magic (format)PGD Personal Geodatabase(s)PGM Permanent ground monument; Portable Grayscale Map.PGM Portable Graymap (format)PGML Precision Graphics Markup LanguagePG/S Product Generation SegmentP.H. Power housePHC Probable hydrologic consequencesPHIGS Programmer Hierarchical Interactive Graphics SystemPhilada. PhiladelphiaPhillips Phillips, P.L. List of Geographical Atlases in the Library of CongressPHODIS Photogrammetric Image Processing System (Carl Zeiss Inc.)PI Pseudo intelligence; Photo interpretationPIC Public Information Center.PIC Lotus 1-2-3 Picture FormatPICA Project Integrated Catalogue AutomationPICG Programme International de Correlation GeologiquePID Photoionization detector; Permanent station identifierPIDL Polygon ID leftPIDR Polygon ID rightPIER Pacific Island Ecosystems at RiskPIG Panstwowy Instytut Geologiczny (Poland)PIMMA Pipeline Integrity Management Mapping Application (RSPA)PIN Parcel identification numberPIO Public Inquiries Office (USGS)PIOS Polygon Information Overlay System (ESRI)Pixel Picture elementPK PeakPKM Penyiasatan Kajimbumi Malaysia; Professional Kansas MapperPKS PeaksPL Programming language; Public lawPLAT PlateauPLF Point Location FilePLGR Precision lightweight GPS receiverPLI Precision Laser & Instrument, Inc.PLN PlainPLOT Plotting (software)

PLQ Public land quadrangles (Washington State Dept. of Natural Resources)PLS Professional Land SurveyorPLSC Professional Land Surveyors of Colorado

PLSOProfessional Land Surveyors of Oregon; Professional Land Surveyors of Ohio

PLSS Public Land Survey System (U.S.)P.M. Prime meridianPMA Production and Marketing Administration (USDA)PM/S Production Management SegmentPMSA Primary metropolitan statistical areaPMT Positive media transfer; Photomultiplier tubePND PondPNDI Intermittent pond.PNG Portable Network Graphics (format)PNRC Pacific Northwest Regional CommissionPNDS PondsPNRS Preliminary Natural Resources SurveyPNW Pacific NorthwestPO Photogrammetric Operations; Post officeP&O Plans & OperationsPOAM Polar Ozone and Aerosol MeasurementPOC Point of contact; Point of controlPOD Print-on-demandPOES Polar-Orbiting Satellites (NOAA)POLYID Polygon identification number

POSPoint-of-scale; Position orientation systems; Position and Orientation System (Applanix)

POS LV 220 Position and Orientation System for Land Vehicles 220 (Applanix)POSIX Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments (UNIX)POTS Pan-only Triangulation SystemPP Proof plot; Proof plotterPPB Parts per billionPPC Pocket PCPPDB Point Positioning Data BasePPGIS Public participation GISPPL Populated placePPM Portable Pixelmap (format)PPMS Photogrammetry Production Monitoring SystemPPNL Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryPPNM Pengarah Pemetaan Negara, MalaysiaPPP Point-to-point (protocol account, for email connections)PPPG Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Geologi

PPS Precise Positioning Service; Photographic Processing SystemPPSS Precise Positioning Service Security ModulePPWK Panstwowe Przedsiebiorstwo Wydawnictw Kartograficznych (Poland)PQ Province QuebecPR Photo revision; Precipitation Radar; Pattern recognition; Puerto RicoPRF Point response function; Pulse repetition frequencyPRIM Primary Map (inventory)PRISM Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes ModelPRO Public Record Office (U.K.)PROSIX Production System (USGS)PROSYS Production System--UNIX (USGS)PRSN Puget Reference Station NetworkPRS92 Philippines Reference System of 92

PSPlot Services; Point source; PostScript; Paleontological Society; Polar stereographic (projection); Professional Surveyor (journal)

PSA Paciulli, Simmons & Associates Ltd.PSAN Professional Surveyors Assn. of NebraskaPSCOG Puget Sound Council of GovernmentsPSD Perceived spatial dispersions; Programme des services de depot (Canada)PSI Planning Systems, Inc.PSLS Pennsylvania Society of Land SurveyorsPSM Professional Surveyor MagazinePSMA Professional Services Management Assn.PSPCI Professional Surveyors Publishing Company, Inc.PSPE Pennsylvania Society of Professional EngineersPSSC Public Service Satellite Corp.PST Pacific Standard TimePSU Primary sampling unitPT PointPTC Positive train controlPts. PointsPUBGRF90 TIGER Geographic Reference File Names, 1990PUG Petroleum Users Group (ESRI)PUMA Public Use Microdata Area (USBC)PUMS Public Use Micro-Data SamplePURL Persistent URL softwarePVT Position, Velocity and Time

Q

QA Quality assuranceQA/QC Quality assurance/quality controlQBS Quality-based selectionQC Quality controlQDF Queensland Dept. of ForestryQDM Queensland Dept. of MinesQ.H. Quadruple hydrantQINSy Quality Integrated Navigation System (Quality Positioning Services, Inc.)QLID Queensland Land Information DirectoryQLIS Queensland Land Information StrategyQLPS Quick-Look Processing Systemqm QuadratmeterQMSoft Qualitative Marketing Software Inc.QS Quadratic splinesQSL Quarter scan lineQTM Quaternary triangular meshQW Quality of waterQWIFS Queen's Web Interface for SPSS (Queen's University)

R

r. rechtsR Range; Release; RuinR&A OSS Research and Analysis Branch, Office of Strategic Services (U.S.)RA Rural area (Canada)RAC Related Accreditation Commission (ABET)RAD Rapid development application; Rules for Archival DescriptionRADAR Radio Detecting and RangingRADEF Road Administration Data Exchange FormatRAID Redundant Array of Inexpensive DisksRAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (GPS)

RALIResource and Land Information; Resource and Land Investigations (program LIA)

RALS Random access logical subfilesRAM Random access memoryRAMS Regional Atmospheric Modelins System (ATMET)RAP Regional applications program

RAPIDRapid Application Planning Implementation and Deployment (GeoData Solutions, Inc.)

RAS Remote Analysis SystemsRASC Royal Australian Survey Corps

RASVY Royal Australian Survey CorpsRATP Regie autonome des transports parisiensRBDS Radio broadcast data systemRBE Rule-Base EngineRBI River Basin InvestigationRBMS Relational Database Management SystemRBV Return Beam VidiconRCA Radio Corporation of AmericaRCC Regional census centerRCH ReachRCIC Regional Coastal Information CenterRCID Record ID (Identification)RCMRD Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development (Kenya)RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery ActRCS Research Camera System

RCSSMRSRegional Centre for Services in Surveying and Mapping and Remote Sensing (Nairobi)

RCWD Rancho California Water DistrictR&D Research and developmentRDBMS Relational database management system

RDCRegional Distribution Centre (Natural Resources Canada); Research Data Centre (Canada)

RDGE RidgeRDI Resource Data International Inc.RDS Radio data systemRDTS Research and Development Tracking System (BLM)RE Royal Engineers (U.K.)REA Rural Electrification Administration (U.S.)REAP Regional Environmental Applications Program (N. Dakota)REC Recompile(d)RE COMP RecompileRECOMP RecompilationRECON Retrospective conversionRECTAS Regional Center for Training in Aerospace Surveys (Nigeria)REDI Real Estate Data Inc.REGIS Regional Geographic Information System (Kent County, Mich.)Reichsb Reichsbahn = National railroadReichsbf Reichsbahnhof = National railroad stationRELOS Regional Locator SystemREMS Regional Earth Modeling System (NASA)RepCode Representation CodeRESCU Remote Emergency Satellite Cellular Unit

RESTEC Remote Sensing Technology Center of JapanRET Rotterdamsche Electrische TramRETSAM Review, Editing and Tagging Software for Automated MappingREU Resources Evaluation Unit (USFS)Rev RevisedREVPG Revision and Product Generation SystemRF Representative fraction; Reef; Radio frequencyRfC Reference concentrationRFPMG Radar Fixed Point MinigraphicRG Record groupRGB Red-green-blueRgbf Rangierbahnhof = Shunting stationRGD Rijks Geologische Dienst (Netherlands)RGS Royal Geographical Society (U.K.)RH Regional hydrologist; Relative humidityRI Rhode IslandR.I. Rhode IslandRIAI Royal Inst. of Architects of IrelandRICS Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (U.K.)RIG RETSAM/Intergraph/GiantRIJP Rijksdienst voor de IJsselmeerpolders (Netherlands)RIN Realty Information NetworkRINEX Receiver Independent Exchange (GPS data format)

RIPRaster Image Processing; Raster Image Processor; Road Inventory Program

RIPSRemote Image Processing System; Remote Information Processing System

RIRT Russian Inst. of Radionavigation and TimeRIS Rapid Imaging Software; Retroreflector in SpaceRISC Reduced Instruction Set ComputerRiskMAP Risk Mapping and PlanningRKSW Rocks in waterRKW Rock in waterRL Rannsoknastofnun Landbunadarins (Iceland)RLE Run-length encodedRM Replacement mapping

RMAReliability, Maintainability and Availability; Risk Management Agency (USDA)

RMCA Road Map Collectors of AmericaRMIB Rudolf Muller International BooksellersRMK R.M. Keddal & Associates, Inc.RMMC Rocky Mountain Mapping Center (USGS)

RMS Root mean squareRMSE Root mean squared errorRMSI Risk Management Solutions Inc.RMT Remotely measured targetRNRC Renewable Natural Resources CenterRNRF Renewable Natural Resources FoundationRO Range onlyRODOBRAS Comiss~ao Especial construc~ao da Rodovia Belem-BrasiliaROM Read-Only MemoryROMANSE Road Management System for EuropeROMP Regional Observation Monitoring (well) ProgramROP Raster operations processorROW or R-O-W

Right-of-way

RP Reference pointRPC Rational polynomial coefficientRPDS RapidsRPE Regional political ecologyRPF Raster product formatRPID Representation module IDRPIE Replacement Photographic Image EquipmentRPMIS Real Property Management Information SystemRPP RBV PreprocessorRPU Remote positioning unitRQA River Quality AssessmentRRDS Reduced Resolution Data SetRRH Regional Research HydrologistR/S Remote sensingRSAC Remote Sensing Application Center (USFS)RSAL Remote Sensing Applications Laboratory (Univ. of Washington)RSC/TAMU Remote Sensing Center/Texas A&M Univ.RSGS Royal Scottish Geographical Society

RSIRemotely Sensed Imagery; RADARSAT International Remote Sensing Institute (S.Dakota State Univ.); Research Systems, Inc.

RSIP Remote Sensing and Image ProcessingRSPA Research and Special Programs Administration (USDOT)RSRP Remote Sensing Research Program (Univ. of Calif., Berkeley)RSRT ResortRSSC Remote Sensing Science CouncilRST Representation Style TableRSTF Remote Sensing Task ForceRSTN Railroad station

RSV ReservoirRSVP Resource reservation protocolRT Radio tower; Real time; Remote terminalRTA Regional Transport Authority (Chicago)RTCM Radio Technical Commission for Maritime (format)RTF Rich Text FormatRT-GPS Real-time Differential GPSRTK Real-time kinematic; Right-to-Know NetworkRTN Real-time networkRTP Real Time PositioningR&TS Research & Technical StandardsRTSD Royal Thai Survey Dept.RTSI Routing Technology Software Inc.RTTK Real Time TurboKinematic (Allen Obsobne Associates)RTV Raster to vectorRUIN RuinsRUIS San Diego Regional Urban Information SystemRUS Rest of the U.S.RV Reise- und VerkehrsverlagR-VIS Reality VisualizationRVP Raster-to-vector processor; Radar Verification Programme

S

s. Sculpsit (engraver); sudlich = southern, southerlyS Secret; Store; Suden = south

SASelected availability; Selective availability; Signal accuracy; Situational awareness; Source acquisition

S&A Sampling and analysisSAA Southern Appalachian Assessment (GIS database)

SACSectional aeronautical chart; Satellite Applications Centre (CSIR); Statistical Area Classification (Canada)

SACC Spatial Analysis Coordinating CommitteeSADIE System at Arizona for Digital Information ExtractionSADL South Australia Dept. of LandsSADME South Australian Dept. of Mines and EnergySADR Spatial addressSAE Survey Agro Ekonomi (Indonesia)SAF Society of American ForestersSAFOD San Andreas Fault Observatory at DepthSAGA Short Arc Geodetic Adjustment (doppler)

SAGEEPSymposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems

SAIC Science Applications International Corp.SAL Stanford Auxiliary LibrarySaLIS Surveying and Land Information Systems (journal)SALT SalinaSAM Spatial access methodsSAM Inc Surveying and Mapping, Inc.SAMAB Southern Appalachian Man and Biosphere (project)SAMSOG Surveying and Mapping Society of GeorgiaSANDAG San Diego Association of GovernmentsSANAIS South African Natural Areas Information SystemSAR Synthetic aperture radarSARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking SystemSARM Spatial Auto-Regressive ModelSA/S Source Aquisition SegmentSAST Scientific Assessment and Strategy Team (U.S.)SAT Small area triangulationSAW Spill analysis workstation; Surface acoustic wave

SAZUSlovenske Akademije Znanosti in Umetnosti = Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Art

SB Survey of BangladeshSBAS School Boundary Analysis System (GeoSpatial Technologies)SBCDP Small Business Competitiveness Demonstration Program (U.S.)SBET Smoothed bed estimate of trajectorySBM Surveys and Mapping Branch (Manitoba)SBUV Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (spectrometer)S.B.V. Adm. Schulbucher-Verschleiss-Administration (Wien)sc. Sculpsit = engraverSC South CarolinaS.C. South CarolinaS/C SpacecraftS.C.A. Samuel Chapman ArmstrongSCADA Supervisory Control and Data AcquisitionSCAMP Southern California Aerial Mapping ProjectSCAN Surface Condition Analyzer (Surface Systems Inc)SCAR Scientific Committee on Antarctic ResearchSCB Statistika Centralbyran (Sweden)SCC Servico de Cartografia e Cadastro (Macao); SoftCopy Catalog (USDMA)SCCAMA Southern California Computer Aided Mapping Assn.SCD Source Control Drawing; Specification Control DrawingSCDOT South Carolina Dept. of Transportation

SCEC Southern California Earthquake CenterSCEP Servico Cartografico do Exercito (Portugal)SCERP Southwest Center for Environmental Research and PolicySCGIS Sedgwick County (Kans.) GIS Dept.SCGP Societe Canadienne des Geologique PetroliersSCGS South Carolina Geological SurveySch SchoolSCH SchoolScheit-elst. ScheitelstarkeSchl. Schloss = castleSCM Supply chair management

S.C.M.Sacrae Caesareae Majestatis = Holy Imperial Majesty (Holy Roman Emperor)

SCO State Cartographer's Office (Wisconsin)SCOOP Schedule Control of Orthophoto ProductsSCOPE Scientific Committee on Problems of the EnvironmentSCR Service Cartographique du RwandaSCS Soil Conservation Service (USDA); Soft Copy Search (NIMA)

SCSAStandard Consolidated Statistical Area; Soil Conservation Society of America

SCSD Street Centerline Spatial DatasetSCSI Small computer system interfaceSCSMAC South Carolina State Mapping Advisory CommitteeSCSPLS South Carolina Society of Professional Land Surveyorssct. Sculpsit (engraver)SCTRAP South Carolina Toxic Risk Atlas Projectsculp. Sculpsit (engraver)SCWRC South Carolina Water Resources CommissionSD South DakotaS.D. South Dakota

SDASpalding DeDecker Associates, Inc.; Survey Document and Analysis (Univ. of California, Berkeley)

SDB Spatial data baseSDBMS Spatial database management systemSDDOT South Dakota Dept. of TransportationSDDP Spatial Data Discovery Portal (Simon Fraser University )SDE Spatial Database Engine (ESRI)SDES Spatial Data Exchange StandardSDG Survey Dept. GhanaSDGS South Dakota Geological SurveySDH Spatial data handlingSDI Selected Dissemination of Information; Spatial data infrastructure

SDL Survey Dept. of LibyaSDLC Synchronous Data-Like Control; System Development Life CycleSDMG Direction des Mines et de la Geologie (Senegal)SDMS Spatial Data Management SystemSDNR State Dept. of Natural ResourcesSDOI Spatial Data Organization InformationSDPS Spatial Data Production SystemSDRW Societe de Developpement Regional pour la WallonieSDS Swaziland Dept. of Surveys; Simplicial data structureSDSB Satellite Data Services Branch (NOAA)

SDSFIESpatial Data Standard for Facilities, Infrastructure and Environment (Tri-Services)

SDSS Spatial decision support systemsSDT Spatial Data Technologies (Firm)SDTP Spatial data transfer processorSDTS Spatial Data Transfer StandardSDUK Society for the Diffusion of Useful KnowledgeSDV Soil Data Viewer (NCRS)SE Southeast

SEAMSSoil, Environmental, and Agricultural Management System (Univ. of Florida Dept. of Soil and Water)

SEASAT Sea Satellite (U.S.)SEATO Southeast Asia Treaty OrganizationSECFT Sociedad Espa~nola de Cartografia, Fotogrametria y TeledeteccionSECO Surveying Equipment Company (later: SECO Manufacturing)SEDAC Socioeconomic Data and Application CenterSEDESOL Secretaria de Dessarrollo Social (Mexico)SEDIC Sudan Engineering & Digital Information CentreSEDMS Spatially Enabled Document Management System (Intergraph Corp.)SEDUE Secretaria de Desarrollo Urbano y Ecologia (Mexico)SEG Society of Economic Geologists; Society of Exploration GeophysicistsS.E.O.P. Secretaria de Estado de Obras Publicas (Argentina)SEOS Stationary Earth Orbit SatelliteSEPA State Environmental Protection AgencySEPM Society for Sedimentary GeologySERIES Satellite Emission Range Inferred Earth SurveyingSerna- geomin

Servicio Nacional Geologia y Mineria (Chile)

SES Standalone Edit StationsSESCPF Service d'Etude des Sols et de la Carte Pedalogique de FranceSESWG Solid Earth Science Working GroupSEVIRI Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager

SEWUG Southeastern Water Use GroupS.F. San FranciscoSfBWW Senator fur Bau- und Wonungswesen (Berlin)SFHA Special Flood Hazard AreaSFQL Structured Full-text Query LanguageSfSU Senator fur Stadtentwicklung und Umweltschutz (Berlin)

SGASociete Geoscientifique de l'Atlantique; State Geologic Agencies; Service Geologique de l'Armee (Syria)

SGB Service Geologique Belgique; Servicio geologico de BoliviaSGCB State Geodesy and Cartography Board (Mongolia)

SGDSolar Geophysical Data (journal); Symbolized Graphic Data; Surveyor General's Dept. (South West Africa)

SGE Servicio Geografico del Ejercito (Spain)SGG Service Geologique du GabonSGpK Schweizerische Geophysikalische KommissionSGI Servicio Geologico d'Italia; Silicon Graphics workstationSGK Schweizerische Geologische KommissionSGL Service Geologique de LuxembourgSGM Servicio Geografico Militar (Uruguay)SGML Standard generalized markup language

SGNServicio Geologico Nacional (Argentina, Nicaragua); Service Geographique National (Laos)

SGS Stanford Geological SurveySGtK Schweizerische Geotechnische Kommission

SGUSveriges Geologiska Undersokning; Savezna Geodetska Uprava (Yugoslavia)

S.H. School houseSHA State Highway Administration (Maryland)SHAPE Systematic Horizontol Adjustment of Positional ErrorsSHC Service hydrographique du CanadaS.H.C. Surveyor, Hopkins CountySHDSL Symmetric High-bit-rate Digital Subscriber LineSHEF Standard Hydrometeorological Exchange FormatSHIPS Seizmic Hazards Investigation in Puget SoundSHMP Seizmis Hazard Mapping ProgramSHN Servicio de Hidrografia Naval (Argentina)

SHOALSScanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne LiDAR System (or Survey -- USCE, Optech)

SHOL ShoalSHOM Service Hydrographique et Ocenographique de la Marine (France)SHORAN Short-range Navigation (system)SHS Surveyors Historical Society

SI Survey of India; Survey of IsraelSIAC Spatial Information and Analysis ConsortiumSIAMS Ship Information and Management SystemSIAN Service d'information de l'atlas nationale (Canada)SIAT Special Image Annotation TapeSIB Solar Indices BulletinSIC Standard Industrial ClassificationSICC Surveying Instrumentation and Coordinate ComputationSICO Schonstedt Intstrument CompanySICOM South Australian Spatial Information CommitteeSID Scanned Image Data; South Australian Spatial Information DirectorySIF Standard Interchange Format (Intergraph)SIG Sistemas de informacion geografica; Special interest groupSIGACE Special Interest Group for the Application of CD-ROM in EducationSIGCAT Special Interest Group on CD-ROM Applications & Technology (U.S.)SIGGRAPH Special Interest Group on Graphics (ACM)SIGIT Swedish Institute for Geographic Information TechnologySIGLIT Special Interest Group on Library Information Technology (U.S.)SIGS Solomon Islands Geological SurveySIGSA Sistemas de Informacion Geografica S.A.SILS Science Information and Libary Services (USGS)SIM Spatial interaction modelSIMAG Spatial Information Management Advisory GroupSIME Space Imaging Middle EastSIP Scanner Interface ProcessorSIPES Society of Independent Professional Earth Scientists

SIRShuttle Imaging Radar; Space Imaging Radar (NASA); Surveys, Investigations and Research (USGS)

SIRS Satellite Infrared SpectrometerSIRU Soils and Irrigation Research Unit (South Africa)

SISStandard Indexing System (DOD aerial photography); Spatial Information Systems (Computer Aided Development Corp.)

SISMD Solomon Islands Survey and Mapping Div.SJSU San Jose State UniversitySK Survey of Kenya; Slovenska KartografiaSKV Statens Kartverk (Norway)s.l. Sine loco = without place (of publication)SLA Special Libraries Assn.; Singapore Land AuthoritySLAC Stanford Linear Accelerator CenterSLAGMD Special Libraries Assn. Geography & Map Div.

SLAPSoils Landscape Analysis Project; Supplemental Low Altitude Photography

SLAR Side-Looking Airborne RadarSLAT Spacecraft Location/Attitude TapeSLATS Statewide Landcover and Trees Study (Queensland DNR)SLC Scan Line Corrector (USGS)SLD Slope-Line DetectionSLDI Sustainable Land Development InternationalSLD29 Sea Level Datum of 1929SLF Standard Linear FormatSLG Symbolized Line Graph; Synthetic Line GenerationSLGSD Sri Lanka Geological Survey Dept.SLIP Serial Line Internet ProtocolSLM Structure line modelSLNSW State Library of New South WalesSLP Slope(s)SLR Satellite Laser Ranging; Side-looking RadarSLSD Sri Lanka Survey Dept.SLSI Society of Land Surveyors of IowaSLUPD Swaziland Land Use Planning Dept.sm SeemeileSM Survey ManualS.M. Saw millSMA Schweizerische Meteorologische AnstaltSMAC State Mapping Advisory Committee (or Council)SMART Spatial Mapping Academic Research ToolsSMASCH Specimen Management System for California HerbariaSMB Surveys and Mapping Branch (Manitoba)SMC Special Mapping CenterSMCDG Small Map Collection Discussion Group (MAGERT)SMCRA surface Mining Control and Reclamation ActSMD Surveys and Mapping Div. (Tanzania)

SMESoftcopy Monoscopic Extraction; Society of Mining Engineers; society for Mining, Metalurgy, and Exploration, Inc.

SMGE Sociedad Mexicana de Geografia y EstadisticaSMI Surveyors Module International (Firm)SMIB Surveying and Mapping Inst. of BeijingSMIMS Single MIM-Based Integrated Mapping System (USBC)SMIRR Shuttle Multispectral Infrared RadiometerSMIPS Small Interactive Image Processing SystemSMMR Scanning Multichannel Microwave RadiometerSMMT Submilimeter TelescopeSMN Servicio Meteorologico Nacional (Argentina)SMOW Standard Mead Ocean Water

SMS Synchronous Meteorological Satellite(s)SMSA Standard Metropolitan Statistical AreaSMTP Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolS/N Signal-to-Noise Ratios.n. Sine nomine = without name (of publisher)

SNARILSocial, Natural, and Agricultural Resources Information Laboratory (Univ. of Kentucky)

SNB Service New BrunswickSNCF Societe Nationale des Chemins de Fer (France)SND Street Network DatabaseSNEP Sierra Nevada Ecosystem ProjectSNF Superior National Forest (Minn.)SNGM Servicio Nacional de Geologia y Mineria (Chile)SNI Siemens Nixdorf Information Systems AGSNID Startnode ID

SNIGSistema Nacional de Informac~ao Geografica = Portuguese National Infrastructure for Geographic Information

SNLCS Servico Nacional de Levantamento e Conservac~ao de Solos (Brazil)SNM Square nautical milesSNR Signal-to-Noise RatioSNRIM Subcommittee on Natural ResourcesSNT Servicio Nacional de Turismo (Chile)SNWA Southern Nevada Water AuthoritySNWS Southern Nevada Water SystemSOAP Simple Object Access ProtocalSOCC Satellite Operations Control Center (NOAA)SODEMI Societe pour le Developpement Minier de la Cote d'IvoireSOFRATOP Societe francais de travaux topographique et photogrammetriquesSoft AT Softcopy AerotriangulationSOHO Solar and Heliospheric Observatory SatelliteSOI Survey of IndiaSOLE Spatial On-Line Editor (ESRI)SOLSE Shuttle Ozone Limb Scanning Experiment

SOMSpace Oblique Mercator (projection); Spatial Object Manager (Smallworld)

SONAR Sound Navigation and RangingSONATRACH Societe Nationale de Recherches de l'Explorations Mini`eres (Algeria)SOP Secretaria de Obras PublicasSORCE Solar Radiation and Climate ExperimentSORSA Spatially-Oriented Referencing Systems Assn.SOS Survey Office SystemSOWR Sensitivity of Water Resources (global change hydrology program)

SP Survey of PakistanSPANS Spatial Analysis System (TYDAC Technologies)SPARRSO Bangladesh Space Research and Remote Sensing OrganisationSPB Space Planning BureauSPC State Plane Coordinate (system or systems)SPC RE Survey Production Centre, Royal Engineers (U.K.)SPCS State Plane Coordinate System(s)SPDK Sistem Pengurusan Data Kadaster (Malaysia)SPEK Sistem Pengeshan Kualiti = Quality Assurance System (SPDK)

SPIDSistem Pengurusan Imej Dokumen = Certified Plan Image Database (SPDK)

SPIE Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation EngineersSPIN-2 Space Information-2 Meter Data (Russian Space Agency)SPIRE Spatial Paradigm for Information Retrieval and ExplorationSPO State Planning OfficeSPOEM Special Projects Office for Exploitation Modernization (USDMA)SPOT Syst`eme Probatoire d'Observation de la Terre (satellite)SPOTS Standard Programming of Telemetry SystemsSPRI Scott Polar Research Inst. (Univ. of Cambridge)SPS Stichting Planbureau Suriname; Standard Positioning ServiceSP/S Source Preparation SegmentSPT Strathclyde Passenger Transport

SPVEASuperintendencia do Plano de Valorizac o Economica da Amazonia (Brazil)

SQL Standard Query Language; Structured Query languageSRBC Susquehanna River Basin CommissionSRES OP Special Report on Emission Scenarios Open ProcessSRF Systematic reconnaissance flightsSRI Spatial Reference InformationSRMB Surveys and Resource Mapping Branch (British Columbia)SROM Spectro-radiometer for Ocean MonitoringSRTM Shuttle Radar Topography MissionSRV Socialist Republic of VietnamSSA Seismological Society of AmericaSSCC SPAWAR Systems Center, CharlestonSSD Singapore Survey Dept.; Sudan Survey Dept.SSDAN Social Science Data Analysis Network (University of Michigan)SSE South SoutheastSSEW Soil Survey of England and WalesSSEOP Space Shuttle Observation Project (U.S.)SSGN Service Geographique National (Senegal)SSI Surface Systems Inc.

S-SIG Sureying Special Interest GroupSSK Stereo Softcopy Kit (Intergraph Corp.)SSM/I Special Sensor Microwave ImagerSSMC Silver Spring Metro Center (NOAA)SSMS Spatial statistical modeling serviceSSS Side Scan SONAR; Simple "Sight" Survey (Carlson Software)SSSA Soil Science Society of AmericaSST Sea-surface temperature

SSUStrategic Services Unit (U.S. War Dept.); Secondary sampling unit; Stratospheric Sounding Unit

SSURGO Soil Survey Geographical (database)SSW South SouthwestSS1 SpaceShipOneSt Saint; StreetSTAAC Space and Terrestrial Applications Advisory CommitteeSTAC State Technology Applications Centers (NASA)StatsCan Statistics CanadaSTATSGO State Geographic Database (U.S.)Stb. Steinbruch = stone quarrySTC Standard Telephones & Cables PLC; Stanford Technology Corp.STCB Survey Technician Certification Board (ASCM)Stde. Stunde = hourSTEPS Spatial Templates for Emergency Preparedness (PlanGraphics, Inc.)STDM Social Tenure Domain Model; StadiumSTDN Spacecraft Tracking and Data NetworkSTF Summary tape fileSTIA Spatial Technologies Industry AssociationSTIBOKA Stichting voor Bodemkartering (Netherlands)STINASU Stichting Natuurbescherming SurinameSTK Satellite Tool Kit (Analytical Graphics, Inc.)

STMStream; System test mode; Solid Terrain Modeling; Solid Terrain Modeling, Inc.

STMA AnabranchSTMD DistributarySTMI Intermittent streamSTMM Stream mouthStr. Strasse = streetSTRT StraitSTV Service Topographique (Vanuatu)SU Standard update; Stanford University; Syracuse UniversitySUC Society of University CartographersSUDENE Superintendencia de Desenvolvimento do Nordeste (Brazil)

SuDocs Superintendent of Documents (U.S.)SUDSS Spatial understanding and decision support systemSUE Surface utility engineeringSUGK Slovak Office of Geodesy and CartographySUM Standard update, monoscopicSUNI Stockholms Universitet Naturgeografiska Institutionen

SUNMAPDept. of Natural Resources (Queensland) and its earlier names: Dept. of Lands; Division of Information, Dept. of Lands; Dept. of Geographic Information; Dept. of Mapping and Surveying

Sur. SurveyorSUS Standard update, stereoscopicSV Space vehicleSVC Scalable Vector GraphicsSVD Singular Value DecompositionSVF Simple Vector FormatSVG Scalable Vector GraphicsS-VGA Super Video Graphics ArraySVP Society of Vertebrate PaleontologySW Software; Southwest; Surface waterS/W SoftwareSWA Super-wide angleSWAB Southwest Alluvial Basins (project, NM)SWDC Southwestern Colorado Data CenterSWEMP Southwest Exotic Plant Mapping programSWG Standards working groupSWIR Short wave infraredSWMD Selected World Mineral DepositsSWOOP South Western Ontario Orthophotography ProjectS.W.P.A. Southwest Pacific Area (Allied Forces)SYCI System Corrected ImagesSYMAP Synagraphic Mapping SystemSzBPK Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin-Preussischer KulturbesitzS3 Satellite Security Systems

T

t Tonnet. tief = deep

TTownship; photogrammetric elevation (measured with stereo plotter); Tramontana, Tramuntana, Triones = North

T. Tiefe = depth

TACTerrain Analysis Center (USCE); Technology Accreditation Commission (ABET); Topcon America Corporation

TACA Transportes Aereos Centro AmericanosTACAN Tactical Air NavigationTACC Texas Advanced Computing CenterTAG Tabular and Graphic (system); Trans-Atlantic GeotraverseTAPS Tennessee Assn. of Professional SurveyorsTAR Tape address registerTARGA TrueVision Advanced Raster Graphics Adapter

TASCTransportation Administration Service Center (US); The Analytic Sciences Corp.

TASMAP Tasmania Dept. of LandsTAVO Tubinger Atlas des Vorderen OrientsTAZ Traffic analysis zoneTBD To be determinedTBM Temporary bench mark; Tunnel boring machineTBPLS Texas Board of Professional Land SurveyingTBV To be verifiedT.C.H. Thomas Campanius HolmTCI Touring Club ItalianoTCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolTCT Trans-continental Traverse (U.S.)

TDThematic data; Topographic Div. (USGS); Total depth; Topographische dienst (Netherlands)

TdA Teledeteccion Aplicada, S.A.TDC Tennessee Dept. of ConservationTDD Telecommunications Device for the DeafTDM Tasmania Dept. of MinesTDN Topografische Dienst NederlandTDOA Time Difference of ArrivalTDOT Tennessee Dept. of TransportationTDR Time Domain ReflectrometryTDRSS Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (US DoD)TDS Tripod Data SystemsTDSA Tribal designated statistical areaTDT Terrestrial Dynamic TimeT.E. Topographical EngineerTEC The Engineering Center; Topographic Engineering Center (USCE)TEFIS Transmission Electrical Facilities Information System (Santee Cooper)TEKPLOT Tektronix Plotting (DLG software)TELEX Teletypewriter ExchangeTELNET Telecommunications Network

Tenn. TennesseeTERCOM Terrain Contour MatchingTERSS Tasmanian Earth Resource Satellite StationTES Terrain Edit SystemTESC Tile enclosed elevator with self-closing trapsTESEMPS Terrain Edit Station/Elevation Matrix Processing SystemTex. TexasTEXPLOT Tektronix Plotting (DLG software)TFC Forestry Commission TasmaniaTFEL Thin-film electrolumiscentTFH Technische Fachhoschule (Berlin)TGO Trimble Geomatics OfficeTGS Technicolor Graphic Services, Inc.T.H. Triple hydrant; Territory of HawaiiTHNOC The Historic New Orleans CollectionTHSOA The Hydrographic Society of America

TITechnical instruction; Technical investigation; Texas Instruments; Topographic instruction

TIB Tabula Imperii ByzantiniTIC Technical Information Center (NASA).TIF Tagged Image FileTIFF Tagged Image File FormatTIGA Texas Instruments Graphics ArchitectureTIGER Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and ReferencingTIGRIS Topologically Integrated Geographic Resource and Information SystemTIMS Therms Infrared Multispectral ScannerTIN Triangulated irregular networkTIR Thermal infrared ; Tabula Imperii RomaniTIROS Television Infrared Observation SatelliteTIRS Thermal Infrared ScannerTJSA Tribal jurisdiction statistical areaTLI Terrain Line InterpolationTLID TIGER/Line Record Identification NumberTLM Telemetry; Topographic Line MapTLSD Tuvalu Lands and Survey Div.TLUI Traditional Land Use Inventory (NSB GIS Div.)TLV Threshold limit valueTM Thematic Mapper (Landsat); Timber managementTMAC Technical Mapping Advisory Council (US)TMC The Map Collector (journal); Thinking Machines Corp.TMDL Total maximum daily loadTMI Topographic Mapping Initiatives (NR Can)

TMLS Ministry of Lands, Survey and Natural Resources (Tonga)

TMSThematic Mapper Simulator; Topographic Mapping Service (Geomatics Canada); TIGER Mapping Service

TN TennesseeTNA The National Archives (UK)TNP Terrain Navigator Pro (Maptech); Transportation Network ProfileTNRIS Texas Natural Resources Information SystemTNS TopoNet Server (Maps a la carte, Inc.)

T-OOrbis terrarum (Medieval European map type: Nile and Don rivers and Mediterranean form a "T" surrounded by ocean in the shape of an "O")

TOF Time of flightTOMS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (NASA)TOPOCOM U.S. Army Topographic CommandTOPS Terrestrial Observation and Prediction SystemTOSCA The Oxford Seminars in CartographyTp. TownshipTPC Tactical Pilotage Chart; Traverse PCTPM TheodolitprufmachineTPS Thin-plate splines; Topcon Positioning SystemsTP&W Texas Parks and WildlifeTQ Topographic quadrangleTR Township and Range (public land survey)TRACE Topographic Resources and Cost Evaluation (system)Trafo TransformatorTRB Technical Review Board (U.S.)TRF Terrestrial Reference FrameTrgf. Tragfahigkeit = Carrying capacityTRI Toxic Release Inventory (USEPA)TRIM Terrain Resource Information Management (program, British Columbia)TRMM Tropical Rainfall Measuring MissionT/RS Township/Range SystemTRS Trimble Reference StationTRSC Thailand Remote Sensing CenterTS Top secretTSA Texas Surveyors AssociationTSARP Tropical Storm Allison Recovery ProjectTSC1 Trimble System ControllerTSD Treatment, storage and disposal sitesTSGS Topographic Section, General Staff (Gt. Brit.)TSI Teqnical Services Inc.TSIS Total Solar Irradiance SensorTSOP The Society for Organic Petrology

TSPS Texas Society of Professional SurveyorsTSS2 TurboSurvey Software 2TT TT Maps & Publications Private Ltd.TTD Tactical terrain dataTTPI Trust Territory of the Pacific IslandsTTY TeletypeTUG Triuniversity GroupTUNS Technical University of Nova ScotiaTVA Tennessee Valley AuthorityT.V.K. & Co

Tanner, Vallance, Kearny & Co.

TVP Topological vector profileTWA Time-weighted averageTwp. TownshipTWRA Tennessee Wildlife Resources AgencyTWRI Techniques of Water Resources Investigations (USGS)TX TexasTxDAPA Texas Digital Aerial Photo ArchiveTxDOT Texas Dept. of TransportationTxMAP Texas Mapping ProjectTXRTK Texas RTK Network

U

U UnclassifiedUA Urban area (Canada); Urbanized areaUAM United Aerial Mapping; Urban Airshed Model (USEPA)UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/TransmitterUAS Urban Area StudiesUAV Unmanned Aerial VehicleUC Univ. of CaliforniaUCAID Univ. Corp. for Advanced Internet DevelopmentUCB Univ. of California, BerkeleyUCD Univ. of California, DavisUCDL University of California Digital LibraryUCGIS Univ. Consortium for GISUCLGES Unified Cartographic Line Graph Encoding SystemUCPTE Union for the Coordination of the Production and Transport of Electric PowerUCS Uniform Color SpaceUCSB Univ. of California, Santa Barbara

UDA User data areaUDB Universal Data BaseUDC Universal Decimal ClassificationUDF Universal Data FormatuDIG User-friendly Desktop Internet GISUDNR Utah Dept. of Natural ResourcesUDOGM Utah Division of Oil, Gas and MiningUDP User Datagram ProtocolUDS Urban Data SolutionsUDSL Utah Division of State LandsUDWR Utah Division of Water ResourcesUE Useful elevationUGB Urban growth boundaryUGC Utility Graphics ConsultantsUGID Universal Geographic IdentityUGKK SR Urad geodezie, kartografie e katastra Slovenskej republikyUGS Utah Geological SurveyUGMS Utah Geological and Mineral SurveyUGSMD Uganda Geological Survey and Mines Dept.UHF Ultra-high frequencyUHGP Upland Habitat Goals Project (San Francisco Bay Area, California)UHMS Urban Hydrology Monitoring SystemUID Unique identifier; User identificationUK United KingdomU.K. United KingdomUKMO United Kingdom Meteorological OfficeULCC Utility Location and Coordination CouncilULSD Uganda Dept. of Lands and SurveysUMAC Upper Midwest Aerospace ConsortiumUML Unified Modeling LanguageUMS Universal Map Sharing (Traverse PC)UN United NationsUNAM Universidad Nacional de MexicoUNCLA UnclassifiedUNDP United Nations Development ProgramUNECA United Nations Economic Commission for AfricaUNEP United Nations Environment ProgrammeUNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationUNGEGN United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical NamesUNGIWG United Nations Geographical Information Working GroupUNIMACE Universal Automated Mapping Compilation EquipmentUniv. University

UNR Univ. of Nevada, RenoUP Urban planningUPADI Union Panamerica de Asociaciones de IngenierosUPC Universal Product CodeUPPS Universal Projection Plotting SystemUPRN Unique Property Reference NumberUPRR Union Pacific RailroadUPS Universal polar stereographicUQAM Universite du Quebec a MontrealUR Universal RectifierU/R Urban/ruralURISA Urban and Regional Information Systems Assn.URUID Unrectified image dataURL Universal Resource Locator; Uniform Resource LocatorURPI Unit for Retail Planning Information Ltd.URS Unrestricted random sampleU.S. United States of AmericaUSA United States of America; United States ArmyUSACE U.S. Army Corps of EngineersUSACERL U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research LaboratoriesUSAETL United States Army Engineer Topographic LaboratoriesUSAF United States Air ForceUSAP United States Antarctic ProgramUSARP United States Antarctic Research ProgramUSB Underwriters' Survey Bureau; Unified S-BandUSBC United States Bureau of the CensusUSC Unified soil classificationUSC&GS United States Coast and Geodetic SurveyUSCE United States Army Corps of EngineersUSCG United States Coast GuardUSCS United States Customary SystemUSD Univ. of South DakotaUSDA United States Dept. of AgricultureUSDC United States Dept. of CommerceUSDI United States Dept. of the InteriorUSDMA United States Defense Mapping AgencyUSDOT U.S. Dept. of TransportationUSEPA United States Environmental Protection AgencyUSFS United States Forest ServiceUSFWS United States Fish and Wildlife ServiceUSGCRP U.S. Global Change Research ProgramUSGIF United States Geospatial Intelligence Foundation

USGK Utstredni Sprava Geodezie a Kartografie (Czechoslovakia)USGPO United States Government Printing OfficeUSGS United States Geological SurveyUSGS-MP United States Geological Survey, Menlo ParkUSLS United States Lake SurveyUSMC United States Marine CorpsUSNBS United States National Biological SurveyUSN United States NavyUSNCHC United States National Committee on Scientific HydrologyUSNC-ICA United States National Committee for the ICAUSNG US National GridUSNO United States Naval ObservatoryUSNOS United States National Ocean Service (or Survey)USPLSS U.S. Public Land Survey SystemUSPS United States Postal ServiceUSR Universal Space Rectangular (coordinate system)USSCS United States Soil Conservation ServiceUST Underground storage tankUT Unit terminator; Universal Time; Unorganized territory; UtahUTA University of Texas at ArlingtonUTC Universal Time Coordinated; Urban Traffic Control System (Siemans)UTM Universal transverse MercatorUTMS Universal Mobile Telecommunications SystemsU-TDOA Uplink Time Difference of Arrival (TruePosition)UUG Utstredni Ustav GeologickyUURI Univ. of Utah Research Inst.UV Ultraviolet; Unit valueUW Univ. of WashingtonUWM Univ. of Wisconsin, MadisonUVMap Urban VMapUWCL Univ. of Wisconsin Cartography Laboratory (Madison)U-2 A high altitude remote sensing aircraft

V

V VoltVa. VirginiaVA Visual accumulation; VirginiaVABM Vertical angle elevation bench markVACP Virtual active control point

VAP Valley Air Photos (Firm)VARIS Virginia Resources Information SystemVAS Virginia Assn. of SurveyorsVBA Visual Basic for ApplicationsVbf VerschriebebahnhofVCGI Vermont Center for Geographic InformationVCR Video cassette recorderVDMR Virginia Div. of Mineral ResourcesVDOT Virginia Dept. of TransportationVDSL Very-high speed Digital Subscriber LineVDT Video display terminalVDU Video display unitVEDIS Vallejo [Calif.] Economic Development Information System

VegCAMPVegetation Classification and Mapping Program (California Dept. of Fish and Game)

VEN'D Brick veneered buildingVFC Vector Function ChainerVFR Visual Flight Rules; Vector Relational FormatVGA Video Graphics Array; Video Graphics AdaptorVGS Vermont Geological SurveyV/H Vertical over height ratioVHB Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc.VHF Very high frequencyVHP Volcano Hazards Program (USGS)VHRR Very high resolution radiometerVI Virgin IslandsVIAF Virtual International Authority FileVICAR Video Information Communication and Retrieval (JPL software)VICMAP Victoria Dept. of Crown Lands and SurveyVIIRS Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suitevill. VillageVIMSARS Video image map storage and retrieval systemViSC Visualization in Scientific ComputingVISG Visual Information Services GroupVISION Visual Information System Integrating our Neighborhoods (Columbus, Ohio)VITD VPF Interim Terrain DataVITec Visual Information Technologies Inc.VLBI Very long baseline interferometric (or interferometry)VLC VolcanoVLS Virtual Learning Systems, Inc.VLSI Very large scale integrationVMap Vector Smart Map

VML Vector Markup LanguageVMR Vertical Mapping Resources, Inc.VMS Voyage Management SytemVNIR Visual and near-infraredVNP Voyageurs National ParkVobf VorbahnhofVOC Verenigde Oostindische CompagnieV.P. Vertical pipe or stand pipeVP Vector programVPASS Video Processor and Sync SeparatorVPF Vector Product FormatVPFPS Vector Product Format Production System (Intergraph Federal)VPF/PS Vector Product Format/Production System (Intergraph Federal)VPN Virtual private networkVRA Visual Resources Assn.VRML Virtual Reality Mock-up (or Mark-up or Modeling) LanguageVRP Vector-to-raster processorVRS Virtual Reference Station (Trimble)VSEGEI Vsesoiuznnoi Nauchno-Issledovatel'skii Geologicheskii Institut (USSR)VSLS Vermont Society of Land SurveyorsVt. VermontVT VermontVTA Valley Transportation Authority (San Jose, Calif.)VTD Voting districtVTIR Visible and Thermal Infrared RadiometerVTM Vegetation Type MapVTR Video tape recordingVTRAK Vector-to-raster conversion softwareVtrans Vermont Agency of TransportationVVK Verwaltung Vermessungs und KartenwesenVVT Value Valid Table

W

w westlichW WestenWA Washington (State)WAAS Wide area augmentation system (or sites)WAC World Aeronautical ChartWACMA Western Australia Central Map Agency

WADGPS Wide Area Differential GPSWADM Dept. of Mines Western AustraliaWAG Wireless Assisted GPSWAGAP Washington Gap Analysis ProgramWAGDA Washington State Geospatial Data ArchiveWAGN West Antarctic GPS Network

WAISWide-area Information Server (or Service or System); Western Antarctic Ice Sheet

WALIS Western Australian Land Information SystemWAM Western Air Maps, Inc.WAML Western Assn. of Map LibrariesWAML IB Western Assn. of Map Libraries Information BulletinWAN Wide area networkWAP Wireless Application ProtocolWash. Washington (State)WAT Weighted-average toxicityWB World BankWBVT Wide-band video tapeWBVTR Wide-band video tape recorderWCB Workshop Certification Board (ACSM)

WCCSWashington Council of County Surveyors; Wisconsin County Coordinate System

WCMC World Conservation Monitoring CenterWCRP World Climate Research ProgramWCS World Construction Set (Questar Productions); World coordinate systemWC2N Western Canadian Cryospheric NetworkWD Working Draft (ISO)WDB I World Data Bank I (US CIA)WDB II World Data Base IIWDDES World Digital Database for Environmental Science (ICA/IGU)WDG Washington Dept. of GameWDGER Washington Div. of Geology and Earth ResourcesWdlg. WiderlagerW.D.M.C. War Dept. Map Collection (U.S.)WDMS Watershed Data Management SystemWDNR Washington Dept. of Natural ResourcesWDOE Washington Dept. of EcologyWEF Water Environment FederationWELU Western Energy Land Use TeamWESTFED Western Federation of Professional SurveyorsWET Wetland Evaluation TechniqueWFPLS Western Federation of Professional Land Surveyors

WFPS Western Federation of Professional SurveyorsW.G. Wired glass skylightWGMG Working Group on Map Generalization (ICA)WGNHS Wisconsin Geological and Natural History SurveyWGS World Geodetic System; World Geodetic SurveyWGS 84 World Geodetic System of 1984W.H. Wirtshaus = public house, inn; William HarrisonWI WisconsinWIC Westindische CompagnieWIMS Weather Information Management SystemWis. WisconsinWIS Watershed Information System

WISCLANDWisconsin Initiative for Statewide Cooperation on Landscape Analysis and Data

WISE Women Investigating Sciences and Environment (Univ. of Nebraska)WLA William Lettis and Associates, Inc.WLIA Wisconsin Land Information SocietyWLS Weighted least squaresWLU World Land-use SurveyWMATA Washington Metropolitan Area Transit AuthorityWMC Western Mapping Center (USGS)WMD Water management districtWME Window to My Environment (US EPA).WMF Windows Metafile FormatWML Wireless markup language

WMOWorld Meteorological Organization; Wilkinson Microwave Anistropy Probe

WMP World Mapping Project

WMSWashington (D.C.) Map Society; Web Map Server; Web Map Service (Open GIS Consortium); Work Management System; World Mapping System; World Market Strategies Ltd.

WNRO GPS Week Number Roll OverWNW West northwestWO Welsh OfficeWOM Web Object ManagementWORM Write Once, Read ManyWP Word processorWPCF Water Pollution Control Federation.WPG WordPerfect Graphic formatWPU Wilayah Pembangunan UtamaWQM Water quality monitorWR Water Resources; Western Region

WRAP Western Regional Applications Program (NASA)WRCB Water Resources Control BoardWRD Water Resources Div. (USGS); Water Resources Dept.WRI Water Resources Investigations (USGS)WRIDS Wildland Resources Information Display SystemWRIP Water Resources Information Project (Ontario)WRIR Water Resources Investigation ReportWRIS Wildland Resources Information SystemWRRI Water Resources Research Inst.WRS World Reference System (Landsat)WRSIC Water Resources Scientific Information CenterWS Work stationWSC Water Survey of CanadaWSDOT Washington State Dept. of TransportationWSGS Wyoming State Geological SurveyWSLD Western Samoa Lands and Survey Dept.WSLS Wisconsin Society of Land SurveyorsWSM Widener Surveying and Mapping (Firm)WSP Water-supply PaperWSPS Western Society of Professional SurveyorsWSRN Washington State Reference NetworkWSU Washington State Univ.WSUCSC Washington State Univ. Computing Service CenterWSW West southwestW.T. Water tank; Washington TerritoryWTCD Deltaic watercourseWT&H Woodward, Tiernan & HaleWTUSM Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and MappingWV West VirginiaW. Va West VirginiaWVALS West Virginia Assn. of Land SurveyorsWVGES West Virginia Geological and Economic SurveyWVS World Vector Shoreline (USDMA)WVS+ World Vector Shoreline PlusWVSPLUS World Vector Shoreline PlusWWW World Wide WebWY WyomingWyo. WyomingWYSDOT Washington State Dept. of TransportationWYSIWYG What you see is what you getW3C World Wide Web Consortium

X Y Z

XDS eXternal Data SourceXMI XML Metadata InterchangeXML eXtensible Markup LanguageXWD X-Window screen dumpYK YukonY2K Year 2000 (problem)ZCTA ZipCode Tabulation AreaZGI Zentrales Geologisches Institut (German Democratic Republic)ZGS Zambia Geological Survey Dept.ZIMAS Zoning Information and Map Access System (Los Angeles, Calif.)ZLI Zia Landform ImagesZMA Zone Map Automation (Los Angeles, Calif.)ZPS ZEH plotting softwareZRC Znanstvenoraziskovalni Center (Slovenske Akademije Znanosti in Umetnosti)ZS Zambia Survey Dept.ZSE Zaenkert Surveying Essentials (Firm)ZTS Zoom Transfer Scope