abrupt climate change. review of last lecture mean state: the two basic regions of sst? which region...
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Abrupt Climate Change
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Review of last lecture
• Mean state: The two basic regions of SST? Which region has stronger rainfall? What is the Walker circulation? Two types of ocean upwelling
• Mean state: ocean-atmosphere feedback
• ENSO: Which region has warm SST anomaly during El Nino? 4-year period.
• Existing ENSO theories
• AMO and thermohaline circulation
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Global connections
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The most common atmospheric circulation structure
L
H
H
L
HeatingCoolingor No Heating
Imbalance of heating Imbalance of temperature Imbalance of pressure Wind
Radiation Convection Conduction
Latent/Sensible
BiosphereLand/Ocean/Ice/
Stratosphere Feedback
Greenhouse Gases
Pollution
Clouds Precipitation (Latent heat)
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Projected Change in Global Mean Temperature
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Abrupt climate change and tipping point– Lesson from Earth’s climate history
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Termination of the Younger Dryas cold event and last ice age 11,600 years ago
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Abrupt climate change and history/politics- Collapse of Maya civilization and
Chinese ancient dynasties
Droughts
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Bifurcation and tipping point
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Movie timeA global warning?
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Examples of tipping points
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Interactions among tipping points
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Mitigation of global warming: Kyoto protocol
• Negotiated in 1997. Commits parties to internationally binding emission reduction targets.
• “Common but differentiated responsibilities”– Specific reduction targets for developed countries– Measures to slow the growth of emissions in
developing countries• Non-parties:
– Canada– USA– Andorra– South Sudan– Palestine– Vatican City
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Green economy
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Summary
• Past abrupt climate change • Tipping points• Future abrupt climate change• Mitigation: International (Kyoto Protocol), Green economy
(Renewable energy, Sustainable transportation, Green buildings, Energy-efficient industry and carbon capture, Land management, afforestation, waste management)
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Work cited• http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/ctl/abrupt.html • http
://intercongreen.com/2010/03/15/green-building-ebbs-slightly-in-recession-but-sentiment-remains-strong/
• http://nimbuseco.com/2013/01/deforestation-and-pollution-facts/ • http://greenbalkans.org/category.php?language=en_EN&cat_id=63 • http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/ia/newsroom/releases/?cid=
nrcs142p2_011847 • http://www.csiro.au/en/Portals/Multimedia/On-the-record/Megan-Clark-presentation-2
0090526-generating-industries/Post-Combustion-Carbon-Capture.aspx
• http://economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2005/09/the_consumer_dr.html • http://nca2009.globalchange.gov/human-health • http://yosemite.epa.gov/ee/epa/eerm.nsf/vwAN/EE-0564-112.pdf/$file/EE-0564-112.
pdf • http://livinggreenmag.com/2012/06/13/climate-change/scientists-warn-that-earth-is-
close-to-climate-tipping-point/ • http://www.cnn.com/2013/05/29/opinion/mystreet-digital-anthropology/ • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World-airline-routemap-2009.png