absolutism
DESCRIPTION
Absolutism. Divine Right K ings asserted that they were chosen by God and they are responsible to Him alone Exclusive power to make and enforce laws No checks on power. What are the requirements to have an Absolute ruler? Centralized state Undermine the nobles and church - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Absolutism
![Page 2: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Absolutism▫Kings asserted that they were chosen by
God and they are responsible to Him alone (Divine Right) Exclusive power to make and enforce laws No checks on power
![Page 3: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
•What are the requirements to have an Absolute ruler?▫Centralized state▫Undermine the nobles and church▫Bureaucracy to run provinces▫Unified army▫Spy network
•Louis XIV
![Page 4: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Spain
•Charles I/V▫Hapsburg Empire
Spain, Holy Roman Empire, and Netherlands
![Page 6: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Charles V•Conflict
▫Religious•Too scattered
![Page 7: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Charles V abdicates•German lands ->
brother Ferdinand•Spain and
Netherlands -> son Philip (Philip II)
![Page 8: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Philip II•1556-1598
•Absolute
•Divine Right
![Page 9: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Philip II•Guardian of Catholicism
▫Fought Ottomans▫Fought Protestant rebels in
Netherlands (Dutch declared independence 1581)
![Page 10: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Philip II•Spanish Armada
▫English Queen (Elizabeth I) was main enemy
▫Built a massive fleet
▫Lost to smaller, faster English ships Weather
![Page 11: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Spain’s Decline•Began with defeat of armada
•Economy▫Costly wars▫Tiny middle class▫Soaring inflation (gold and silver from
America)
![Page 12: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
France•Foundations
▫Henry IV (r. 1589 – 1610) Edict of Nantes Murdered by Catholic Zealot
![Page 13: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cardinal Richelieu•Minister to Louis XIII• intendants
▫Recruited for army, collected taxes, presided over law, checked on nobility
•Ignored Estates-General (like parliament)
![Page 14: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Cardinal Richelieu•Policy of statecraft: what is done for the
state is done for God.▫God absolves doings that if privately
committed would be a crime
![Page 15: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Louis XIV•Continued to increase royal power
•Louis XIV will take court in his own right in 1661▫Sun King▫“L’etat c’est moi”▫Continued Richelieu’s policies and methods
(intendants, refusal to call Estates-General)
![Page 16: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Versailles•Built massive palace outside Paris
▫(Symbol of his wealth and power)▫Housed nobles, officials, and servants
![Page 17: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Versailles
![Page 18: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Versailles
![Page 19: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Other symbols of power•Court ceremonies
▫Ex: Levee (ceremony for kings rising)
▫Goal: keep nobles close so that they do not threaten the crown’s power
![Page 20: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
•Jean-Baptiste Colbert▫Mercantilist policies
Tariffs East Indies Company
▫Settled Canada Moved south (“Louisiana”)
![Page 21: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
•Military▫Louis built up military
Professional standing army▫Expand France to “natural” borders
![Page 22: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
•Issues▫Costly, long wars▫Rejected Edict of Nantes
Suppressed Protestant freedoms only to maintain order
▫Left behind an exhausted bankrupt France
![Page 23: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Russia•Muscovite Princes pushed out Mongols
▫Ivan the Great (III) Called himself “Tsar”
•Ivan the Terrible
![Page 24: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Ivan the Terrible•Grandson of Ivan the Great
1547-1584•Grandmother was niece of
last emperor of Byzantines•Married Anastasia•Officially crowned tsar
(Czar)•Further United Russia
▫Established absolute rule▫Limited power of nobles
•Further bound serfs to their land
![Page 25: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Ivan the Terrible•Became mad (after 1560)
▫Killed his own son▫Agents of terror (oprichniki)
to enforce his will They sacked towns and killed
people suspected as disloyal▫Killed boyars (Nobles)▫Many fled (joined Cossacks)
•Autocracy
![Page 26: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
•Common people believed autocratic government the only way▫But they will hit trouble when there is no
powerful tsar
•Romanov Dynasty (1613-1917)
![Page 27: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Peter the Great
•Expanded•Reformed
(weakened) Russian Orthodox Church
•Modernized▫(In his case, this
meant westernize)
![Page 28: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Peter the Great•Forced boyars (nobles)
to serve the state▫Shave their beards;
wear western clothes▫Forced public
interaction between genders
▫Protected their interests Ensured serfs were
bound to their land
![Page 29: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
St. Petersburg•Window to the West
![Page 30: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
•Tudors▫Worked with Parliament
Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547) Elizabeth (r. 1558-1603)
•Stuarts▫James I
(r. 1603-1625)
![Page 32: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
James I•Clashed with dissenters (Protestants who
differed with Church of England)▫Puritans
![Page 33: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Charles I (r. 1625-1649)•Absolute-like•Petition of Right
![Page 34: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Charles I•Charles made enemies
▫Scots rebelled▫Needed money;
Long Parliament (1640-1653)
![Page 35: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Long Parliament•Tried and executed Charles I’s chief
ministers (including the Archbishop)•Declared that Parliament could not be
dissolved without its own consent
![Page 36: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Charles I lashed back•1642 – Charles attempted to arrest
radical leaders▫They escape, raise their own army, and
fight.
![Page 37: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Civil War•1642 – 1651•Cavaliers (sup.
Charles)•Roundheads (sup.
Parliament)▫Leader Oliver
Cromwell
![Page 38: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Oliver Cromwell•New Model Army
▫Selected officers for skill▫Disciplined army
▫1647 – Charles I captured▫1649 – Charles I executed for being a “tyrant,
traitor, murderer, and public enemy”
▫In England, no ruler can claim absolute power and ignore the law.
![Page 39: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Oliver Cromwell•After Civil War
▫Monarchy and House of Lords abolished▫Republic (the Commonwealth)
![Page 40: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
The Commonwealth•Threats from king’s son
▫Ireland•Threats from within
▫Levelers•Cromwell became Lord Protector
(dictator)
![Page 41: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Puritans•Religious people with the goal of rooting
out godlessness
▫Laws for Sunday and religious observance▫Frowned on taverns, dancing, gambling
▫Had to read the Bible education▫Fidelity marriage based on love
![Page 42: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
End of Commonwealth•Cromwell died 1658•1660 – Parliament invited Charles II back
to throne▫Some Puritanical ideas remained
![Page 43: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Charles II•Popular•Reopened theaters and taverns•Practiced tolerance
![Page 44: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
James II•(Charles II’s Brother)•Openly Catholic
▫Ignored Parliament
•Parliament invited his daughter (Mary) and her husband (William III of Orange) to be rulers of England▫James fled to France▫Glorious Revolution
![Page 45: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
English Bill of Rights•William and Mary accept Bill of Rights
•Parliament had to be summoned•All laws had to be made in Parliament•Monarch can not suspend laws•House of Commons gets power of the purse•Restated traditional rights
•Created limited monarchy
![Page 46: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
•Constitutional Government – a gov’t whose power is defined and limited by law.▫Political parties – Tories vs. Whigs▫Cabinet system▫Prime Minister
![Page 47: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
•A perfect system?
•Or an oligarchy?
Student: Indicate your interest level in the exam below
![Page 48: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Austria•Hapsburgs left with just Austria (after
Thirty Years War)▫Expand lands (Bohemia, Hungary, parts of
Poland and Italy)
![Page 49: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Austria•Maria Theresa takes throne
▫Very capable▫Trouble being recognized
▫Prussia stole Silesia She fought back (War of the Austrian
Succession) Britain and Russia helped
▫Reform: made clergy and nobles pay taxes Lowered taxes for peasants
![Page 50: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Prussia•Hohenzollern family takes control
(Frederick William I)▫Gained support of nobles (Junkers)▫Forged a very strong army▫Trained son in the army
![Page 51: Absolutism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070421/568160fd550346895dd03aa8/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Prussia•Frederick II takes power in 1740
▫Sparked War of Austrian Succession▫People recognized Prussia as powerful▫“Frederick the Great”