abstract - iri.aiou.edu.pk · scientific approach was promoted. in this perspective, hermeneutical...

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Abstract

After the dominance of enlightenment concept of epistemology, scientism and

scientific approach was promoted. In this perspective, hermeneutical approach was

developed to transform the traditional and religious sciences into new paradigm.

Modern concept of hermeneutics was developed by modern philosophers like Dilthey

Schleiermacherand Gadamer. Now this hermeneutic approach also has been applied

on the Quranic Studies by modern Muslim scholars. In my opinion this hermeneutic

approach will damage the structure of Islam.

Keywords: Quran, hermeneutics, structuralism

Humanism

Dare to Immanuel Kant

Know

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1

Textual Criticism Historical Criticism

Hermeneutics

Martin Luther

:

Exegesis Exegesis

"Exegesis means 'narrative,' 'translation' or 'interpretation.'

'Exegesis' is 'interpretation,' more particularly and usually 'interpretation' of

Scripture. In technical parlance the word (exegesis) describes the actual

Pakistan Journal of Islamic Research Vol 15, 2015

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interpretation of a concrete passage, while the general principles of

Biblical interpretation are classed together as 'hermeneutics'."(2)

:

"The science of the laws and principles of interpretation and

explanation."(3)

Hermes

:

3

:

: Literal Interpretation

Allegorical Interpretation

Anagogical Interpretation

"Down through the centuries most Bible study has been

conditioned by dogmatic presuppositions and pragmatic considerations,

and characterized by allegorical interpretation and other fanciful methods

of exegesis."(6)


4

:

Origen (Allegorical Reading

Clement of Alexandria

Allegoria Allegoria Allegory

Agoria Other Allos Speaking

Dio do r e o f T he o d o r e o f M o p su e s t ia

Tarsus

Augustine of Hippo

On Christian Doctrine

5

Martin Luther

The Holy Scripture is its own interpreter."(9)"

:

,

"The rise of science, with the discovery of natural laws, led to

scepticism concerning the miraculous elements in the Bible."(11)

: "In contemporary Biblical study attempts to erect hermeneutics

into formal discipline have been largely abandoned."(13)


6

Kant

of Hermeneutics

( F r i e d r i c h D a n i e l E r n s t (Martin (Wilhelm Dilthey)

Schleiermacher)

E. Betti (Hans-Georg Gadamer) Heidegger)

Paul Eric Donald Hirsch, Jr.

R i c œ u r

Hermeneutic Phenomenology

Phenomenology Existentionalism

7

"For Schleiermacher, revelation does not stand at the centre of

theology."(15)

"Revelation for him thus could not be no communication of

knowledge."(16)

Hermeneutic Circle

Signifie r Deconstruction Signified

Coherence

Understanding

Hermeneutic Circle


8

Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiermacher

Father of Modern Liberal Theology

Empirical Theology

Hermeneutic Circle

Intuitive Leap

9

Wilhelm Dilthey

Enlightenment Romanticism

Intuition

Intuitive Leap

Wilhelm Dilthey

Dogma

(Liberation of interpretation from dogma.)(19)

Understanding Dogma

A. Cardew

"Welhelm Dilthey continued the process of secularization, using

hermeneutics as the basis for human sciences."(21)


10

Scientism

Natural Sciences Natural Sciences

U n d e r s t a n d i n g

Natural Sciences Explanation

Thou I Understanding

"Dilthey's hermeneutics quite obviously rests on a sharp

distinction between the mehtods of the cultural and those of the natural

sciences. The distinctive method of the cultural sciences is understanding

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(Verstehen), whereas that of the natural sciences is explanation

(Erklarung). The natural scientist explains events by employing universal

laws, whereas the historian neither discovers nor employs such laws but,

rather, seeks to understand the actions of agents by discovering their

intentions, purposes, wishes, and character traits. Such action is

intelligible because human actions, in contrast to natural events, have an

"inside" that we can understand because we too are persons.

Understanding, then, is the discovery of the "I" in the "thou," and it is

possible because of a shared universal human nature."(22)

"Dilthey was never able to complete this enterprise in a way

satisfactory to himself or others, and its complexities defy any brief

exposition here."(23)


12

Martin Heidegger

(Being in the world or Dasein)

(Dasein)

(Intuitive Leap)

13

Hans-Georg Gadamer Truth and Method

(Wahrheit und Methode)

Natural Sciences Human Sciences


14

Natural Sciences

Human Human Sciences

Model Natural Sciences Sciences

Context

Historically-effected

Prejudices

"we must set ourselves within the spirit of the age, and think with

its ideas and its thoughts, not with our own, and thus advance towards

historical objectivity."(26)

Understanding Objective

Relative Interpretive Knowledge

15

"Tradition,” like “prejudice,” is a term Gadamer develops beyond

its everyday meaning. To affirm, as Gadamer does, that one can never

escape from one’s tradition."(31)

Prejudice

"Gadamer claims all interpretation is prejudiced."(32)


16

Ferdinand Cours de linguistique generale de Saussure

System of Signs

Signifier Arbitrary Signified

Dyadic Relationship

Triadic Charles Sanders Peirce

17

Objec t Repr esen tam en Re la t io nsh ip

Semiology Interpretant

Linguistic Form Sign System Non-Linguistic world

Jac qu es D er r ida

Difference


18

Differance

Traces Traces

Coherence

Deconstruction

Hermeneutic Circle

Obsolete

Karl Lehmann

19

"Hermeneutics as the universal ontology is still impasse, or a poor

substitute for metaphysics."(35)

Reformation Karl Lehmann

"the 18th century began to consider sacred Scripture as a historical

document, while was therefore to be understood according to the mind of

the authors, who wrote the books and in the light of the ancient

environment."(36)

Karl Lehmann

"The return to the historical understanding of the Scripture was

used at first to get rid of traditions and to disown a present church."(37)


20

:

N e t h e r l a n d s

University of Leiden

Institute of Advanced Studies of Berlin (Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin)

21

Mcgill University Canada

Islam & Modernity

Double-Movement

Holism


22

Subjectivity Objectivity

Subjective Psychologism

"No wonder a thinker like Betti rejects Gadamer's view as

hopelessly subjective."(45)

Effective History/Wirkungsgeschichte

23

Double Movement Paradigm

Emilio Betti

Emilio Betti

Emilio Betti


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Fascism

E. D. Hirsch

Emilio Betti

"He argued that interpreters should attempt to reconstruct the

author's intentions."(53)

Emilio Betti Phenomenology

Emilio Betti

"In modern hermeneutical theory, 'the objectivity school' has insisted

that one must first of all ascertain the meaning intended by the mind that

authored the object of study."(55)

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Zeitgeist

Orientation


26

Emilio Betti

2. Encyclopedia of Religion, edited by Vergilius Ferm, Littlefield, Adams &

Co., Paterson, New Jersey, USA, 1959, p. 266.

3. Ibid., p. 333. See also: The Oxford English Dictionary, prepared by J. A.

Simpson and E. S. C. Weiner, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 2nd edition, 1989,

vol. viii, p. 168-169.

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4. The Oxford English Dictionary, prepared by J. A. Simpson and E. S. C.

Weiner, vol. viii, p.169.

6. Encyclopedia of Religion, edited by Vergilius Ferm, p. 75.

7. A Handbook of Christian Theology, The World Publishing Co., New

York, 1963, p. 160.

8. Augustine, Saint, On Christian Doctrine, Translated by James Shaw,

Publisher: Benediction Classics, 2010, III, 2, 2.

9. A Handbook of Christian Theology, The World Publishing Co., New

York, 1963, p. 160.

10. Ibid.

11. Ibid.

12. Ibid., p. 76.

13. Ibid., p. 266.

14. A Dictionary of the Bible, edited by W. R. F. Browning, Oxford University

Press, 1996, p. 169.

15. Kraeling, Emile, G., The Old Testament Since The Reformation,

Lutterworth Press, London, 1955, p. 59.

16. Kraeling, Emile, G., The Old Testament Since The Reformation,

Lutterworth Press, London, 1955, p. 59.

19. Warnke, Georgia, Gadamer, Harmeneutics, Tradition and Reason, Standford

Unicersity Pess, California, 1987, p. 5.


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20. Warnke, Georgia, Gadamer, Harmeneutics, Tradition and Reason, Standford

Unicersity Pess, California, 1987, p. 5.

21. Cardew, A., "Hermeneutics," in Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics,

2nd edition, Editor-i-Chief: Keith Brown, 2006, vol. p. 282.

22. Harvey, Van, A., Article Title: "Hermeneutics," in Editor: Eliade, Mircea,

The Encyclopedia of Religion, Macmillan Publishing Co., New York,1987,

vol. 6, p. 282.

23. Harvey, Van, A., Article Title: "Hermeneutics," in Editor: Eliade, Mircea,

The Encyclopedia of Religion, vol. 6, p. 282.

26. Gadamer, H. G. Truth and Method, Bloomsbury Academic, London,

Revised 2nd edition, 2004, p. 308.

27. Warnke, Georgia, Gadamer, Hermeneutics, Tradition and Reason,

Standford Unicersity Pess, California, 1987, p. 3.

28. Gadamer, H. G.Truth and Method, pp. 339-40.

29. Gadamer, H. G.Truth and Method, p. 167.

30. Gadamer, H. G.Truth and Method, pp. 199-200.

31. Ibid.

32. Ibid.

35. Lehmann, Karl, "Hermeneutics," Encyclopedia of Theology: A Concise

Sacramentum Mundi, edited by Karl Rahner, Burns & Oates, London,

1977, p. 614.

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36. Lehmann, Karl, "Hermeneutics," Encyclopedia of Theology: p. 611.

37. Lehmann, Karl, "Hermeneutics," Encyclopedia of Theology, p. 612.

Islam and Modernity, Transformation of Intellectual Tradition, The University

of Chicago Press, 1982, p. 5.

Islam and Modernity, Transformation of Intellectual Tradition, p. 9.

53. Stanley E. Porter, Jason C. Robinson, Hermeneutics: An Introduction to

Interpretive Theory, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., UK, 2011, p. 32.

55. Islam and Modernity, Transformation of Intellectual Tradition, p. 8.


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