ABSTRACT:In spite of the significant progress in the design and modification of materials for specific applications like hydrogen storage, there are still problems to achieve the desired levels of storage. Many MOFs have been designed and have also been synthesized but they are still not suitable enough or can meet the DOE standards due to moisture sensitive nature and the possibility of stability under other operating parameters

Hydrogen as fuel

Lower heating value 33.3 kWh/g= 123 MJ/kg (11.1kWh/g gasoline)8 MJ/L where as for gasoline 32 MJ/L2017 DOE target 5.5wt% = 40g/L volumetric capacity

wide range of Hydrogen storage materials

metal hydridescomplex hydrideschemical hydrides

carbohydratesclathrates

inorganic nanotutes organic materisls

MOFscarbon materials

Liquid density 70.8 kg/m3 at NTP

Physisorption methodson board reversible hydrides

(interstitial, covalent metal hydrides, amides and borohydrides

off board regenerable hydrides( hydrocarbons, ammonia borane,

alane)

The highest 99.5 mg/g at 56 bar and 77 K

164 mg/g at 77K 70 bar (176mg /g highest reported so far)

symbolic many metal framework of Zn(II), Cu(II) Mn(III),

Cr(III),La(III)

Design and synthesis of metal organic frameworks for hydrogen storage

In high boiling solvents like DMF, DEF (80-1300 C)solvo-thermal,

solubility solvent-ligand exchange kinetics,

rate of crystallizationcarboxylic acids, hetero-cycles containing

nitrogen

Where are we now?To meet DOE standards still a long way to goNew MOF with large surface area, pore volume, open metal sites, embedded metal catalysts facilitating hydrogen spill over have to be designed.

ABSTRACT:In spite of the significant progress in the design and modification of materials for specific applications like hydrogen storage, there are still problems to achieve the desired levels of storage. Many MOFs have been designed and have also been synthesized but they are still not suitable enough or can meet the DOE standards due to moisture sensitive nature and the possibility of stability under other operating parameters