academic impropriety vs academic impoverishment
TRANSCRIPT
- 1. Orna Farrell
[email protected]
Academic Impropriety vs. Academic Impoverishment
2. Discussion Questions
What is academic impropriety?
What is academic impoverishment?
Is academic impoverishment like plagiarism?
3. Plagiarism: sources Not Cited
"The Ghost Writer"The writer turns in another's work,
word-for-word, as his or her own.
"The Photocopy"The writer copies significant portions of text
straight from a single source, without alteration.
"The Potluck Paper"The writer tries to disguise plagiarism by
copying from several different sources, tweaking the sentences to
make them fit together while retaining most of the original
phrasing.
"The Poor Disguise"Although the writer has retained the essential
content of the source, he or she has altered the paper's appearance
slightly by changing key words and phrases.
"The Labor of Laziness"The writer takes the time to paraphrase most
of the paper from other sources and make it all fit together,
instead of spending the same effort on original work.
"The Self-Stealer"The writer "borrows" generously from his or her
previous work, violating policies concerning the expectation of
originality adopted by most academic institutions.
4. Sources Cited (But Still Plagiarized)
"The Forgotten Footnote"The writer mentions an author's name for a
source, but neglects to include specific information on the
location of the material referenced. This often masks other forms
of plagiarism by obscuring source locations.
"The Misinformer"The writer provides inaccurate information
regarding the sources, making it impossible to find them.
"The Too-Perfect Paraphrase"The writer properly cites a source, but
neglects to put in quotation marks text that has been copied
word-for-word, or close to it. Although attributing the basic ideas
to the source, the writer is falsely claiming original presentation
and interpretation of the information.
"The Resourceful Citer"The writer properly cites all sources,
paraphrasing and using quotations appropriately. The catch? The
paper contains almost no original work! It is sometimes difficult
to spot this form of plagiarism because it looks like any other
well-researched document.
"The Perfect Crime"Well, we all know it doesn't exist. In this
case, the writer properly quotes and cites sources in some places,
but goes on to paraphrase other arguments from those sources
without citation. This way, the writer tries to pass off the
paraphrased material as his or her own analysis of the cited
material.
5. How to Recognize Unacceptable and Acceptable Paraphrases
What makes this passage plagiarism?
the writer has only changed around a few words and phrases,
or changed the order of the originals sentences.
the writer has failed to cite a source for any of the ideas or
facts.
If you do either or both of these things, you are
plagiarizing.
This paragraph is also problematic because it changes the sense of
several sentences (for example, "steam-driven companies" in
sentence two misses the originals emphasis on factories).
6. Plagiarism vs. Paraphrasing
Many students have trouble knowing when they are paraphrasing and
when they are plagiarizing.
In an effort to make their work seem "more original" by "putting
things in their own words,"
students may often inadvertently plagiarize by changing the
original too much or, sometimes, not enough.
7. How to Recognize Unacceptable and Acceptable Paraphrases
Why is this passage acceptable?
This is acceptable paraphrasing because the writer:
accurately relays the information in the originaluses her own
words.
lets her reader know the source of her information.
8. Strategies for Avoiding Plagiarism
1. Put in quotations everything that comes directly from the text
especially when taking notes.
2. Paraphrase, but be sure you are not just rearranging or
replacing a few words.
Instead, read over what you want to paraphrase carefully; cover up
the text with your hand, or close the text so you cant see any of
it (and so arent tempted to use the text as a guide). Write out the
idea in your own words without peeking.
3. Check your paraphrase against the original text to be sure you
have not accidentally used the same phrases or words, and that the
information is accurate.
9. Important terms
Common knowledge: facts that can be found in numerous places and
are likely to be known by a lot of people.
Example: John F. Kennedy was elected President of the United States
in 1960.
This is generally known information. You do not need to document
this fact.
However, you must document facts that are not generally known and
ideas that interpret facts.
Example: According the American Family Leave Coalitions new book,
Family Issues and Congress, President Bushs relationship with
Congress has hindered family leave legislation (6).
The idea that Bushs relationship with Congress has hindered family
leave legislation is not a fact but an interpretation;
consequently, you need to cite your source.
Quotation: using someones words. When you quote, place the passage
you are using in quotation marks, and document the source according
to a standard documentation style.
Paraphrase: using someones ideas, but putting them in your own
words. This is probably the skill you will use most when
incorporating sources into your writing. Although you use your own
words to paraphrase, you must still acknowledge the source of the
information.
10. References
http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml#original
http://www.plagiarism.org/
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/01/