Academic Library Collection Development:

Current Landscape, Future Trends

GALILEO Interconnected LibrariesDecember 14, 2011

Michael Levine-ClarkCollections LibrarianUniversity of Denver

michael.levine-clark@du.edu

1990

1990

Looking into the Future

5 yearsMonographs

Print/electronic mix – still transitionalDDA predominant for e-books

JournalsFewer big dealsMore article-level purchasing

Nontraditional stuffImagesData

Looking (a bit further) into the Future

10 yearsMonographs

Mostly electronicMostly DDALocal POD

JournalsMedium dealsArticles on-demand

Smaller (and shrinking) print collections

Trends to Consider

E-Books

Slow Adoption of E-BooksScholarly content not yet there

30% available simultaneously* as e/pPublisher fears

Diminished salesCourse adoption

Librarian concernsDRMPatrons want print (or so we say)

*Defined by YBP Library Services as 2 months

E-Book DevelopmentsRapid expansion (even in

scholarly publishing)

Embrace of e-book readersKindle! (and others)

Demand-driven acquisition (DDA)

Libraries are Doing it Wrong

Demand-Driven Acquisition (DDA)

DefinitionsPatron-Driven Acquisition (PDA)

Faculty Requests/InputUse Data

Demand-Driven Acquisition (DDA)Meets immediate need

Why DDA?

Annual Book Production, 2009

DU Pur

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DDA OpportunityYBP JULY 2010 - JUNE 2011 PDA Opportunity

Publisher New PrintTitles

SlipNotification

sSent

Notifications

% Ordered

Springer 3,261 1,177,454 4%

Wiley 2,881 1,219,333 7%

Oxford 2,146 921,359 11%

Routledge 2,200 1,099,110 8%

Cambridge 1,551 736,043 11% Palgrave Macmillan

1,310 1,006,981 8% 

McGraw-Hill 637 218,244 6%

HarperCollins 410 144,881 11%

ABC-CLIO 409 214,167 8%

Continuum 518 243,636 8%

Brill (& Nijhoff) 573 197,895 8%

Penguin Putnam 447 169,820 13%

U of Denver - Books Cataloged 2000-2004 (126,953 Titles)

4+ uses; 18.8%

3 uses; 8.2%

2 uses; 12.8%

1 use; 20.6%

0 uses; 39.6%

U of Denver - Books Cataloged 2000-2004 (126,953 Titles)

4+ uses; $1,084,576

3 uses; $473,060

2 uses; $738,435

1 use; $1,188,418

0 uses; $2,284,53

2

Demand-Driven Acquisitions Goals

Broaden the collectionMore titlesMore publishersMore subjects

Match acquisitions to immediate demandPay at point of needPay for amount of needShort-term loansPurchase-on-demand

Redefining the CollectionEverything we can provide in a

timely manner

Ultimately, bounded only by budget

University of Denver eBook Library (EBL)

Began May 2010

Loaded 42,000 records into catalog (now 65,000)

No budget for FY 2010

Budgeted $150,000 for FY 2011

The EBL ModelFirst five minutes free

STL for three usesOne day or one week10-15% list price

Purchase on fourth useList price

University of Denver EBL Data (5/1/10-6/30/11)

Actual List

325 titles purchased $23,753 $23,753

3,599 titles with at least one STL

$49,171 $236,037

6,477 titles with at least one browse

$0 $473,378

Total (10,076 titles) $72,924 $733,168

Savings $660,244

DDA ImplicationsIs there a role for consortia?

Tension between shared discount/local needs

Immediate access vs. stewardship of the cultural recordAccess

Better served by DDAStewardship of potential acquisitions

Portico, LOCKSS, Publishers

DDA for the Long HaulThe Consideration Pool

Everything available for potential acquisition

Linked to budget sizeManaged by broad rules (like

approval plan)Titles move in/out of pool

Records move in/out of discovery tools

E-Book PredictionMost monographs

English-language approval plan Non-English approval (a bit further out)

Acquire on demandAs e-book

STL or purchaseBy the chapter or volume

As local print-on-demandMake accessible all that we can afford

A Book Discovery ProblemBooks

Lots of wordsNot much

metadataLost opportunity

Full-text searching

Chapter-level metadata

ArticlesFewer wordsMore metadata

Abstract

Christopher C. Brown, “NextGen Information Environment: A Paradigm Shift in Information Discovery,” Colorado Association of Libraries CALCON11, Loveland, Colorado, October 15, 2011.

E-Book DiscoveryMust take advantage of full-text

Can drive users to printUsers must have clear choice of

format

Will drive acquisition

Must work with e-readers

DDA, E-Books, Scholarly Publishing

Implications for PublishersCampus-wide access to e-books

might cannibalize sales

DDA removes predictabilitySales forecastsCost of keeping e-books available

Frontlist/backlist blur

STL/ILL = new revenue stream

Journals Are Easy, Right?

We’ve Figured Out Journals

Digital

Packages

Easily shared

Or Have We?Is the Big Deal sustainable?

Based on a model ofConsolidating subscriptionsMaximizing market share

At the expense of other publishers, monographs

While our budgets shrink

A New ModelCambridge UP

$5.99Read only24 hours

Almost seamless

Other OptionsArticle

Purchasing

Purchase PDF$25.00+Multiple publishersCopyright

Clearance CenterOften seamless

Too expensive?

Medium Deal? Small Deal?

Limited title list

Rental/purchase of many (most) (all) articles

Article DiscoveryWe do this well

Not dependent on ownership(Often) full-textMust integrate with discovery of

owned content

Local journal holdings should be replaced by all articles accessible by any seamless access method

Disaggregation

Journal/BookArticle/Chapter

Pay for amount used

Requires discovery at the article/chapter level

What about entries in reference works?

Major implications for publishers

E-Resources and ILL

Does ILL Make Sense for E-Resources?

ILL a means to an end = access to material not in collection

For e-resources, a short-term loan is a faster means to the same end Potentially cheaper

STL and DiscoveryClearinghouse(s) for STL of e-

books/chapters/articles

Integration into local discovery tools?

Shrinking Print Collections

Penrose Library1972 2012

The Decline of Legacy Print Collections

Closing branch libraries

Expansion of seating

Loss of on-campus storage

Full off-campus storage spaces

Potential loss of off-campus storage

The Collective Print Collection

Shared storage facilities/virtual shared storage

Collaborative journal archivingWEST, etc.Notification about

Retention decisionsHoldingsCompleteness

Local record of past holdings?

Storage and Serendipitous Discovery

Low use monographs offsiteNeed for better discovery (“I

can’t browse anymore.”)Digital surrogatesElectronic browsing option

A real need?

Withdrawing MonographsLow use

Duplicated by eHathi Trust

Public domainOrphan works

Duplicated elsewhere

Readily purchasableUsedPOD

How do users find the print?

Digital Collections – Issues and Concerns

Beyond Traditional Collections

Institutional repositories

Data sets

Image collections

Commercial primary source collections

Integrating Digital Collections

Specialized interfaces

Integration into library discovery tool(s)SizeScale

Migration, PreservationLocal content

DataSoftwareMetadata

Licensed contentConsideration pool

Library, publisher, third party?

Use Data Can Help Us

Data-Driven DecisionsMake DDA possible

Help with weeding/storage

Inform future collecting practices

Have weight with the administration

Thank YouMichael Levine-Clark

michael.levine-clark@du.edu