academic music poster (pitch, rhythm, meter)
TRANSCRIPT
8/18/2019 Academic Music Poster (Pitch, Rhythm, Meter)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/academic-music-poster-pitch-rhythm-meter 1/3
music notation is the art ofrecording music in written form.
modern music notation is a product of centuries of transformation...
and it is neither efficient nor intuitive!
Notation: Pitch
# ¶#g #F#d #D μ D# S μ S#d #M f#S μ S μ g#F
pitch is the highness orlowness of a sound.
the system of musical notationwe use is essentially a stylized
graph of pitch versus time.
the five lines on which notesappear is called a staff.
the white notes on the keyboardare labeled with letters from A to G.
notation is based on the piano keyboard;
lines and spaces on the staff represent the white notes on the keyboard.
the clef determines what notes each staffline corresponds to. the four modern
clefs are shown here; the note displayedon each staff corresponds to middle c.
To notate the black notes
on the pianokeyboard, we use
these symbols are placed tothe left of the note that they affect, and they apply to all the
notes on that line or spacefor the rest of the measure
middle c is the c that is closest tothe middle of the piano keyboard.
The double sharp raises thenote by two half steps.
treble clef alto clef
tenor clef
bass clef
for example, a flute hasa high pitch, while a tuba
has a low pitch.
a note is awritten representation
of a particular pitch.
p i t c h
p i t c h
F g a b c d e F g a b c d e
time
to display notesoutside thestaff, we useshortenedstaff lines
called ledger lines.
liz phair“whatmakesyouhappy” [melodyfromchorus]w hitechocolat espaceeg g (1998)
music theory for musicians and normal people by toby w. rush
8/18/2019 Academic Music Poster (Pitch, Rhythm, Meter)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/academic-music-poster-pitch-rhythm-meter 2/3
w h o l e n o t e
d o u b l e w h o l e n o t e
h a l f n o t e
e i g h t h n o t e
s i x t e e n t h n o t e
t h i r t y - s e c o n d n o t e
s i x t y - f o u r t h n o t e
o n e - h u n d r e d - t w e n t y - e i g h t h n o t e
q u a r t e r n o t e
w h o l e r e s t
d o u b l e w h o l e r e s t
h a l f r e s t
e i g h t h r e s t
s i x t e e n t h r e s t
t h i r t y - s e c o n d r e s t
s i x t y - f o u r t h r e s t
o n e - h u n d r e d - t w e n t y - e i g h t h r e s t
q u a r t e r r e s t
N o t a t i o n : R h
y t h m
w h i l e
p i t c h i s
p r e t t y c l e a r l y n o t
a t e d
o n
a
v e r t i c a l a x i s , n o
t e l e n g t h i s
i n d i c
a t e d
u s i n g
a
s o m e w h a t a r c a n e
s y s t e m
i n v o l v i n g
n o t e h e a
d s , s t e m s a n d f l
a g s .
i n
t h
i s
c h a r t ,
e a c h
s u c c
e s s i v e
t y p e
o f
n o t e
i s
h a l f a s l o n g
a s
t h
e
n o t e
t o
i t s
l e f t .
n o n e
o f
t h e s e
n o t e s
h a s
a
s t a n d a r d
l e n g
t h ; a
h a l f
n o t e i n
o n e
p i e c e
m a y b e t
h e
s a m e
l e n g t h
a s
a n
e i g h t h n
o t e
i n
a
d i f f e r e n t
p i e c e .
n o t e
l e n g t h s
i n
a
p i e c e
a r e
i n d i c a t e d b y
t h e
t e m p o
m a r k i n g a t t h
e
b e g i n n i n g
o f
a
p i e c e
o r
s e c t i o n .
a r e s t i s
a
p e r i o d
o f
s i l e
n c e t h a t a
l e n g t h
w h i c h
c o r r e s p o n d s
t o
a
p a r t i c u l a r
n o t e .
u s u a l l y r e s t s
a r e
p l a c e d
o n
t h e
s t a f f
a t a
p a r t i c u l a r
v e r t i c a l
p o s i t i o n
a s
s h
o w n
h e r e .
t h e
a u g m e n t a t i o n d o
t i s
a
d o t p l a c e d t
o
t h e
r i g h t o f
a
n o t e h e a d .
t h o u g h
s m a l l , t h i s
d o t
w i e l d s
s o m e
s e r i o u s
p o w e r : i t c h a n g e
s
t h e
l e n g t h
o f
t h e
n o t e b
y 1 5 0 % . I n
o t h e r w
o r d s ,
i t m a k e s
t h e
n o t e
h a l f
a g a i n
a s
l o n g
!
m u l t i p l e
d o t s
c a n
a l s o
b e
a d d e d ,
e a c h
o n e
a d d i n g
h a l f
o f
t h e
p r
e v i o u s l y a d d e d
v a l u
e .
=
+
=
+
+
=
+
+
+
=
+
+
+
+
t i e s a r e
c u r v e d m
a r k s
w h i c h
c o n n e c
t
t w o
n o t e s
t o g
e t h e r
t o
c r e a t e
a
s i n g l e , e x t
e n d e d s o u n d .
t o
t i e
m o r
e t h a n t w o
n o t e s
t o g e t h e r ,
d r a w
t i e s
b e t w e e n
e a c h n o t e ; d o
n o t
u s e
a
s i n g l e , e x t e n d e d
t i e .
a t u
p l e t i s
a n y n o n - s t a n d a r d
d i v i s i o n
o f a
n o t e
. t h e s e
a r e
u s u a l l y w r i t t e n
a s
a
g r o u
p
o f
n o t e s
d e l i n a t e d w i t h
a
b r a c k e t a n d
a
n u m b e r s h o w i n g
t h e
d i v i s i o n
b e i n g
m a d e .
m o s t t u p l e t s
a r e
s i m p l e
d i v i s i o n
s , l i k e
t h e
t r i p l e t s
t o
t h e
l e f t . b u t a n y t h i n g
i s
p o s s i b l e ! c h o p i n , f o r
e x a m p l e ,
w o u l d
o f t e n
g o t o
t o w n w i t h
t h e s e
t h i n g s .
=
=
3
f o r
e x a m p l e ,
t h e s e
a r e n ’ t
e x a c t l y q u a r
t e r n o t e s ;
t h e y a r e
e a c h
a
t h i r d a s
l o n g
a s
a h
a l f n o t e .
w h
a . . . g a h !
c h
o p i n , n o !
d o
w n , b o y !
f r e d e r i c c h o p i n
n o c t u r n e i n b m a j o
r , o p . 6 2 , n o . 1 ( 1 8 4 6 )
m u s i c t h e o r y f o r m u s i c i a n s
a n d n o r m a l p e o p l e b y t o b
y w . r u s h
l i c e n s e d
u n d e r
a
c r e a t i v e c o m m o n s B Y - N C - N D l i c e n s e
- v i s i t t o b y r u s h . c o m
f o r
m o r e
8/18/2019 Academic Music Poster (Pitch, Rhythm, Meter)
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/academic-music-poster-pitch-rhythm-meter 3/3
N o t
a t i o n : M e t e r
a
f u n d a m e n t a l f e a t u r e
o f
m o s t p i e c e s
o f
m u s i c i s
a
c o n s i s
t e n t r h y t h m i c p u l s e . t h i s
p u l s e
i s
c a l l e
d
t h e
b e a t ,
a n d
a
s i n g l e
p u l s e
i s
c a l l e d
a
b e
a t u n i t .
t h e r e
a r e
t w o
t y p e s
o f
b e a t u n i t s :
t h o s
e
c o n t a i n i n g
t w o d i v i s i o n s ,
c a
l l e d
s i m p l e b e a t u
n i t s . . .
. . . a n d
t h o s e
c o n t
a i n i n g
t h r e e d i v i s i o n
s ,
c a
l l e d
c o m p o u n d b e a t u n i t s .
t h e c o o r s “ h e a v e n k n o w s ” [ d r u m i n t r o ] f o r g i v e n , n o t f o r g o t t e n ( 1 9 9 6 )
i n
m u s i c , b e a t s
a r e
o r
g a n i z e d
i n t o
p a t t e r n s
o f
a c c e n t e d a n
d
u n a c c e n t e d b e a
t u n i t s .
i n f a c t ,
i f
y o u
l i s t e n
t o
a
s e q u e n c e
o f
r e p e a t e d
n o t e s , y o u r
b r a i n
w i l l p r o b a b l y
s t a r t t o
p e r c
e i v e
t h e
n o t e s
a s g
r o u p s
o f
t w o , t h r
e e , o r
f o u r , e v e n
i f
n o
a c c e n t s
a r e
p r e s e n t !
t h e s e
g r o u p s
a r e
c a l l e d
m e a s u r e s ,
a n d
t h e y a r e d e l i n e a t e d
w i t h
b a r l i n e s .
t h
e
o r g a n i z a t i o n
o f
b e a t u n i t s
a n d
m e a s u r e s
i n
a
p i e c e
i s
c a l l e d
m e t e r . M e t e r
i s
d e
s c r i b e d
b y t w o
n
u m b e r s
p l a c e d
a t t h e
b e g i n n i n g
o f
t h e
p i e c e :
t h e
t i m e s i g n a t u r e .
b y l o o k i n g
a t t h e
t o p
n u m b
e r o f
t h e
t i m e
s i g n a t u r e ,
y o u c
a n
t e l l t w o
t h i n g s a b o u t
t h e m
e t e r : w h e t h e r
i t ’ s
s i m
p l e
o r c
o m p o u n d , a n d
h o w m
a n y
b e a t s a r e
i n
a
m e a s u r e .
b e a t s p e r m e a s u r e
s i m p l e
c o m p o u
n d
2 3 4
t h e t o p
n u m b e r
i n d i c a
t e s
t h e
n u m b e r
o f b e a t s i n
a
m e a s u r e .
t h e b
o t t o m
n u m b e r
i n d i c a
t e s
t h e
t y p e o f
n o t e
w h i c h
s e r v e s
a s
t h e b e a t u n i t .
s i m p l e T I M E S I G N A T U R E S a r e
e a s y .
m e a s u r e
b a r l i n e
t h e
c o d e
f o r
t h e
b o
t t o m
n o t e
i s
p r e t t y e a s y :
r e f e r s
t o
a
q u a r t e r
n o t e ,
t o
a n
e i g h t h
n o t e ,
t o
a
s i x t e
e n t h
n o t e ,
a n d
s o
o n .
t h e
t o p
n u m b e r
i n d i c a t e s
t h e
n u m b e r
o f d i v i s i o n s i n
a
m e a s u r e . t o g
e t t h e
n u m b e r
o f
b e a t s , d i v i d e
i t b y t h r
e e .
i n
f a c t ,
w o u l d n ’ t t h i s b e
a n
e a s i e r
w a y
t o
n o t a t e
c o m p o u n d m e t e r s ?
s o r r y . . . t h e
m a n s a y s
y o u
h a v e
t o
d o
i t
t h e
o t h e r w a y .
t h e
b o t t o m
n u m b e r
i n d i c a t e s
t h e
t y p e o f
n o t e w h i c h
s e r v e s
a s
t h e
d i v i s i o n .
t o
g e t t h e
b e a t u n i t , u s e
t h e
n o
t e
t h a t
i s
e q u a l t o
t h r e e o f
t h e s e
n o t
e s .
i n
a
c o m p o
u n d
m e t e r , t h e
b e a t u
n i t i s
a l w a y s
a d o
t t e d n o t e !
c o
m p o u n d T I M E
S I G N A T U R E S a r e
s t u p i d l y c o m
p l i c a t e d .
n o t e s
t h a t
h a v e
f l a g s c a n
b e
g r o u p e d
t o g e t h e r
b y u s i n g
b e a m s i n p
l a c e
o f
f l a g s .
h o w e v e r ,
b e a m i n g
i s
o n l y u s e d
t o
g r o u p
n o t e s
w i t h i n b e a t s .
f o r
t h e m o s t p a r t ,
y o u
s h o u l d n
’ t b e a m
n o t e s
b e t w e e n b e a t s ,
n o r
s h o u l d
y o u
t i e n
o t e s
w i t h i n
b e a t s .
m u s i c t h e o r y f o r m u s i c i a n s
a n d n o r m a l p e o p l e b y t o b
y w . r u s h
l i c e n s e d
u n d
e r
a
c r e a t i v e c o m m o n s B Y
- N C - N D l i c e n s e
- v i s i t t o b y r u
s h . c o m
f o r
m o r e