ACADEMIC PACKET DAY 2

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"Anna J. Cooper 1892" by Unknown is in the public domain.

A Child Of Slavery Who Taught A GenerationBy Karen Grigsby Bates

2015

This National Public Radio article reports on the life and success of Anna Julia Haywood Cooper(1858-1964), an American author, educator, prominent scholar, and one of the first black women to earn adoctoral degree in United States history. As you read, identify Cooper’s accomplishments, as well as whosupported and fought against her.

Some great teachers change the life of a student,maybe several. Anna Julia Cooper changedAmerica.

Cooper was one of the first black women in thecountry to earn a Ph.D.1 Before that, she headedthe first public high school for black students inthe District of Columbia — Washington ColoredHigh School. It later became known as the MStreet School and was eventually renamed forpoet Paul Laurence Dunbar.2

Dunbar was a citadel3 of learning in segregatedWashington, a center for rigorous study and no-holds-barred achievement. Its graduates over theyears include:

• The U.S. military’s first black general — Benjamin O. Davis.

• A medical pioneer who established one of the first, if not the first, large-scale blood banks —Dr. Charles Drew.

• An artist whose work is part of the permanent collections of some of the world’s mostprestigious museums — Elizabeth Catlett.

A steady stream of superbly qualified students flowed from this school, largely because of the vision ofone educator.

“If it were not for Anna J. Cooper, the school would not have moved in the direction it did,” saysStephen Jackson, Dunbar’s current principal. He has made it his mission to restore Dunbar to its glorydays. Cooper insistently pushed to make sure her students had an academically focused curriculumthat would put it on par with the best white private schools.

[1]

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1. The Ph.D. (which stands for Doctor of Philosophy) is one of the highest academic degrees that one can earn andrequires years of research on a specific subject.

2. Paul Laurence Dunbar was one of the first African American writers to establish an international reputation as asuccessful poet.

3. a fortress or castle, typically on high ground

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She knew it could be done because she had her own life as a powerful example.

Anna Julia Haywood was born in 1858 in North Carolina to her enslaved mother, Hannah StanleyHaywood, and the white man who owned them both. She was an avid learner, first at the Episcopal-runprivate school she attended while at home, and later as a stellar student at Oberlin College in Ohio.

There, she would earn both her bachelor’s and master’s degrees normally offered to male students.

Education as the Portal to Progress

Shortly after graduating, Cooper moved to Washington and began the work she would be known for, atthe school that would become Dunbar. She insisted that her students be exposed to classic literatureand foreign languages. Math was not just sums, but advanced mathematics.

She resisted giving in to the District’s all-white, all-male Board of Education, which wanted the school toteach the students vocational4 skills, feeling those were more practical.

Cooper’s insistence on an academic education for her students was not a diss of vocational work, saysjournalist Alison Stewart, the author of First Class, a history of Dunbar High.

“She thought (that was) fine and admirable,” Stewart explains, “but not at the expense of helping theseNegro and colored students be all that they could be intellectually.”

And it wasn’t just the school board that was upset. At the time, Washington, like many other blackcommunities across the country, was riveted5 (and riven)6 by the feud between activist W.E.B. Du Boisand educator Booker T. Washington.

Du Bois maintained that the “talented tenth” of the race should be the ones who would lead blackAmerica to its place alongside — not behind — its white peers. Washington, ever-conscious that slaveryhad only recently ended, wanted to concentrate on the other 90 percent, who would need jobs to feedand clothe their families. Domestic work and skilled manual labor, he believed, would do that.

Cooper was friends with both men but knew the time would come when black citizens would beallowed to contribute to the country’s growth.

So she educated her students so well that they could not be denied. And it worked: Less than 50 yearsafter the conclusion of the Civil War, Dunbar students went to schools like Harvard, Mount Holyokeand Brown.

And they weren’t all from elite backgrounds. Cooper was aware, says Stewart, that some studentsmight need more help than others. Students from poor families, who’d grown up with little previousaccess to education, might need more time for tests or a longer deadline for schoolwork.

“If she thought a student had a spark,” Stewart says, “she would work with them until the spark wouldignite.”

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4. relating to employment; in education, directed at a certain occupation and its skills5. Rivet (verb): to fascinate (someone)6. divided

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©2015 National Public Radio, Inc. News report titled “A Child Of Slavery Who Taught A Generation” was originally broadcast on NPR’s MorningEdition on March 12, 2015, and is used with the permission of NPR. Any unauthorized duplication is strictly prohibited.

Success Creates Scandal

But being willing to do that came at a terrible personal cost, says Dana Goldstein, author of The TeacherWars: A History of America’s Most Embattled Profession. “A scandal was ginned up against her andbrought to the local press,” Goldstein says, “accusing her of having a sexual affair with her young adultfoster son.”

The young man was one of five siblings Cooper began raising when her brother had died suddenlyyears before. Goldstein says the charges were laughable. Prominent people came forward to testify forAnna Cooper’s impeccable7 morals. Nevertheless, the rumors remained on the front pages of the localpapers for months.

Eventually, Cooper was forced to resign her principal’s post. She moved to Paris, enrolled at theSorbonne, and, at age 66, became the fourth black woman in the U.S. to receive a Ph.D. (Herdissertation, in French, was on attitudes toward slavery after the Haitian rebellion.)8

Eventually Cooper returned to Washington and to Dunbar as a teacher. And in her classroom, rigorreigned. She retired in 1930 and would remain active — and an activist — on matters educational andracial for several more years. She died in 1964 at age 105.

A Lasting Legacy

Many of the things that Anna Cooper practiced a century ago were considered radical in her day, butare common now, says Goldstein. Such as eschewing9 IQ tests, which Goldstein says, were not reallypredictive of achievement.

And Cooper was ahead of her time in acknowledging that “children’s performance at school isimpacted by their home lives.” And giving students with special needs extra time to complete tests andpapers. And considering how a student’s home life may affect performance in school.

Today she’s considered one of the most important figures in American education. Important enoughthat in 2009, the U.S. Postal Service honored Anna J. Cooper by issuing a stamp with her likeness on it.

A first-class stamp, of course.

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7. Impeccable (adjective): free from fault or error8. The Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) was a slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which culminated in

the elimination of slavery there and the founding of the Republic of Haiti.9. Eschew (verb): to intentionally avoid using; to give up

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Text-Dependent QuestionsDirections: For the following questions, choose the best answer or respond in complete sentences.

1. Which of the following best describes the author’s main purpose in writing this article?A. to reveal how Anna Julia Cooper overcame great odds as a black woman to

change American educationB. to highlight how Anna Julia Cooper served as a role model for black women on

how to earn a degree in higher educationC. to reveal how Anna Julia Cooper settled a longstanding dispute among African

American scholars regarding educationD. to increase readers’ appreciation for the educators and teachers who helped

transform public schools

2. Which of the following best describes the central idea of the text?A. Cooper taught the top 10% of black students to succeed, supporting Du Bois’

goals for education.B. Cooper was a great teacher because she dedicated herself to personal

advancement.C. Cooper believed and proved that education could elevate any black student to

success.D. Cooper pushed the education system to stop teaching black students vocational

skills.

3. PART A: What does the phrase “ginned up” most closely mean as used in paragraph 19?A. invented to amuse or entertainB. announced to report fairlyC. revealed through investigative researchD. created in a dishonest manner

4. PART B: Which phrase provides the best support for the answer to Part A?A. “a terrible personal cost” (Paragraph 19)B. “the charges were laughable” (Paragraph 20)C. “prominent people came forward to testify” (Paragraph 20)D. “Cooper was forced to resign her principal’s post” (Paragraph 21)

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5. How does the author’s inclusion of the feud between W.E.B Dubois and Booker T.Washington contribute to the central ideas of the article? Cite evidence from the text inyour answer.

6. How did the challenges Cooper faced impact her professional and personal life? Citeevidence from the text in your answer.

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Discussion QuestionsDirections: Brainstorm your answers to the following questions in the space provided. Be prepared toshare your original ideas in a class discussion.

1. Why is it important to know about Anna Julia Haywood Cooper? What does awarenessabout her figure contribute to our overall understanding of U.S./world history?

2. Why do certain people – especially those in situations of adversity like Cooper – succeed?Cite evidence from this text, your own experience, and other literature, art, or history inyour answer.

3. In the context of this article, what is the goal of education? Cite evidence from this text, yourown experience, and other literature, art, or history in your answer.

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Name: __________________________________

An Atom Apartby Leslie Cargile

Have you ever walked through a cloud of gnats on a

hot summer, only to have them follow you? No matter

how you swat at them, or even if you run, they won’t

leave you alone. If so, then you have something in

common with an atom.

Atoms are the building blocks of molecules, which

when combined, make up everything. From the

smallest one-celled amoeba, to every person who has

ever lived, to the largest and brightest stars in the sky,

atoms are everywhere.

Even way back in the time of ancient Greece, they

wondered about atoms. That’s where the word

comes from, ancient Greece. The word A’tomos,

when translated into English, means: something that

cannot be divided any further. So what’s an atom

look like? Up until very recently no one could say one

way or another.

Technically we can’t see individual atoms, since there

are no microscopes powerful enough. Since

technology improves all the time, it may not be long

before we can actually see a whole atom through a

special microscope. Even though scientists cannot

see atoms with microscopes, they have developed

ways to detect them and learn about them.

Atoms are made up of three basic parts; protons,

neutrons, and electrons. There is a core, or nucleus,

and an electron cloud. The nucleus is made up of

positively charged protons and neutral neutrons. The

nucleus is held closely together by electromagnetic

force.

Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of the atom. A cloud of electrons orbits the nucleus.

The negatively charged electrons are bound to the

nucleus, and zap around it in a cloud. Do you

remember the cloud of gnats? The gnats would be

the electrons zipping around you, the nucleus.

There are different ways atoms are classified. They can

be classified into elements, like oxygen, carbon, or

hydrogen. All of the elements known to man so far

can be found on the periodic table. The number of

protons an atom has decides the chemical element.

The number of electrons defines the atom's chemical

properties, like its melting temperature and boiling

point.

The study of atoms and tiny particles that are even

smaller is called quantum mechanics. Scientists still

have much to learn about atoms. Maybe you will

enter the study of quantum mechanics and find a

brand new element. Maybe they’ll even name it after

you!

Super Teacher Worksheets - www.superteacherworksheets.com

Name: __________________________________

An Atom Apartby Leslie Cargile

1. What are atoms?

a. tiny particles that make up all matterb. tiny particles that can only be seen with a microscopec. tiny particles that look like gnatsd. particles that are so large they cannot be seen

2. What does the word A'tomos mean in ancient Greece?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

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3. Complete the graphic organizer.

4. What is quantum mechanics?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

5. If you wanted to find the chemical element of an atom, you would need to...

a. know how many electrons it has b. know how many protons it hasc. know its melting temperature d. see it with a microscope

6. The author begins this article by comparing a cloud of gnats to an atom. In this scenario, what do the gnats represent? What does the person walking through the gnats represent?

_________________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

Something to Think About: If you discovered a new element that was added to the periodic table, what would you name it?

Super Teacher Worksheets - www.superteacherworksheets.com

Day 2: What are some of the healthy ways you deal with stress? What are some of the not so healthy ones? Be honest!

2 • MODULE 1: Reasoning with Shapes

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COMPOSING AND DECOMPOSING SHAPES: Skills Practice • 3

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Name  Date

Topic 1

COMPOSING AND DECOMPOSING SHAPES

D. Draw the part of a circle that is described.

1. Draw chord ‾ AB .

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2. Draw radius ‾ OE .

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3. Draw secant ⟷ GH .

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4. Draw a tangent at point J.

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5. Label the point of tangency A.

6. Label center C.

7. Draw inscribed angle ∠FDG.

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8. Draw central angle ∠HOI.

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