Academic Scholarship and the Deep (or Invisible)

Web

Jessie HeyIntelligence, Agents, Multimedia Group and University of Southampton Libraries, University of Southampton, UK

SIMS, Berkeley 3rd Oct 2003

Where the Titanic sailed from

Southampton Oceanography CentreNational Oceanography Library

IAM Group - Electronics and Computer Science

One of the largest groups of its kind, with over 80 researchers, IAM focuses on the design and application of computing systems for complex information and knowledge processing tasks.

IAM is a world leader in the key technologies of agent-based computing, knowledge management, open hypermedia and pervasive computing and their application in the domains of digital libraries and grids

University of Southampton Libraries Pioneer of computer

automation

Archives: Wellington Palmerston Mountbatten

even Textiles

Renowned for Official Publications

Printed collection Digital collection BOPCAS

National Oceanography Library

Scope Developing academic scholarship

Ultimate goal – improving tools to advance research

2 sides of the coin: Research discovery Research visibility

Exploiting the invisible and visible web Started exploring the key issues

surrounding the hybrid library (combining the traditional and the digital)

our surveys showed that the academic reader was more likely to be swayed by the power of Internet search engines to use these first and library provided search facilities second

Our prototype search engine tailored to our local community thus contained an Internet search engine as well

GIGA – a Global Information Gatherng Agent

MALIBU and GIGA

Searching the hybrid library Developing the MALIBU search

engine (GIGA) An example Towards our vision

Creating the hybrid library To bring together a wide range of

new alternative technologies plus the electronic products and services already in libraries, and the historical functions of our local, physical libraries, into well organised, accessible hybrid libraries (JISC circular 3/97)

Recent hybrid library statistics!Two extremes: Southampton libraries have 42,752m of

shelving, of which 35,300m or 83% were occupied at the time of the measure. This is roughly equivalent to the distance from Southampton to Portsmouth.

Southampton IAM group prints 10,000 pages every 3.5 weeks searching the web, using up a laser printer toner cartridge

Questionnaires to Humanities Staff

All kind of resources used e.g.:

E-journals, abstracts and microforms Radio and online newspapers Card catalogues and archives Librarians and students General and very specialised web

resources

MALIBU search engine Developed from preprototype search

engine for the Humanities supported by user and librarian testing and reviews of searching methods for paper and digital resources, both local and remote

Modelling the hybrid library: Project MALIBUJMN Hey and A Wissenburg The New Review of

Information and Library Research 1998 103-110

Search Agent Objectives To expand horizons for Humanities staff and

students in a managed hybrid library environment

Both to search relevant web based resources in addition to traditional catalogues

And archives and other ‘hidden’ databases in addition to the web

To develop a prototype providing searching facilities across a selected no. of heterogeneous priority targets

A Global Information Gathering Agent Consists of a series of independent

agents, which can communicate through a meta-agent

Aim - flexible and efficient system Degree of user profiling – matching users

at Oxford, Southampton and KCL Options to change targets searched and

to work with results

GIGA

Malibu's Search Agent Signup

Welcome! Please provide the following information about yourself. This information will help the system to set up a personal user profile for you.

Your First Name

Your SurnamePlease provide a Passwordit will not be shown as you typePlease enter your Password a second time

Please give your e-mail address(optional)

Your Department

Your User Type

Please click on "Submit" (below) when you are finished entering your information, or "Clear" to start again.

An introductory profile is set up but can be amended

A Personal Profile eg in History might include: Book catalogues (Southampton and COPAC) JSTOR history and American journals Papers of Palmerston and Wellington (at

Southampton) Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives (at

King’s College, London) Refugee studies Catalogue (at Oxford) Survey of Jewish Archives (at

Southampton) Google search engine Wilfred Owen Multimedia Digital Archive

The next stage of exploration The Southampton Reserve Collection has some 1st

World War materials and some were digitized for a previous project in English and posted to a local site

We want to look further afield: Southampton’s WebCat JSTOR digitized History journals Perhaps other catalogues and archives A web search engine and different media

Amend profile to search relevant databases Southampton WebCat Oxford’s OLIS catalogue COPAC (The union catalogue of the Consortium of

University Research Libraries. Free bibliographic information on over 6 million titles)

Google search engine JSTOR history journals Papers of Senior UK Defence Personnel (catalogue

launched in Southampton June 2000) Wilfred Owen Multimedia Digital Archive Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives (at King’s

College, London)

And rank by priority

Researching the 1st world war trenches Some marked records from a Southampton GIGA search

(saved or emailed):

Wilfred Owen Archive at Oxford Audio of daily routine in front line trenches

Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archive (KCL) Sketches showing layout of trenches

Google Search Engine Trenches on the Web – reference library

Oxford OLIS Catalogue Lads: love poetry of the trenches compiled 1998

Southampton catalogue In the trenches of Stalingrad pub. 1948

NB No matches in JSTOR journals or Southampton online archives this time

Following on: The Wilfred Owen Multimedia Digital Archive

looks useful – so click on the information button

What does it comprise? Virtually all of Owen’s original MSS for his war poetry, from various

sources 18 issues of The Hydra 20 Photos of Owen A selection of letters Owen wrote during his war service Official records related to Owen from PRO Selection of general material from war (photos, audio, video), from

IWM archives Relevant current day video & photographic material Other contemporary material (e.g. postcards)

Exploring in depth Explore a few resources: 1. ahew4 Audio of Smell of trenches. by L. J. Hewitt2. amci1 Audio of Trench life. Shaving and washing by T. W.

McIndoe3. aoxl12 Audio of Daily routine in front line trenches. St by H.

Oxley4. aoxl18 Audio of Sanitary arrangements in trenches. by H. Oxley5. aoxl5 Audio of Journey to front line at Ypres Salient, by H. Oxley

Link to the database for more detailed context based searching

http://www.hcu.ox.ac.uk/jtap/

And from our web search engine:An Internet History of the Great Warhttp://www.worldwar1.com

“one of the best online resources for teaching and learning about the First World War."Scout Report for Social Sciences8-Nov-1997

A useful exemplar Investigated the impact of the search

engine and its place within the user’s and library’s information landscape

Analysed advantages and disadvantages of technical model

Some conclusions: Can allow for easy distributed development But may need to accept less than full features –

use as a pointer Major challenge of database subscriptions and

features not remaining constant

Vision – to plug in new agents as databases become available or in demand

eg free Eprints software being made available from our IAM group to institutions and departments to self archive scholarly research literature (modelled on Los Alamos preprint archive)

Could then add a database to search very recent work as well as traditionally published work together

The ideas of GIGA look forward to: Having your own intelligent agent

(your virtual ‘hybrarian’) to exploit to the full well organised and accessible libraries

Whether far afield or on your doorstep

Tests have shown users are enthusiastic to discover new resources and recommend new resources for inclusion

Now many similar examples of searching choices including the web

And search engines on similar principles eg Copernic: a broader version of the academic GIGA

Copernic Agent Professional provides specialized search categories that delve more deeply into the Web. Imagine what you are missing!

Copernic Agent Professional lets you create your own customized search categories using available engines. You can mix categories and engines to create your perfectly targeted search category. You can also create a list of your favorite categories for quick access to them.

Aiding Academic Scholarship Research discoveryGuiding exploration of resources –both visible

and potentially invisibleLets move on to: Research visibilityMaking research visible up front

Working with standards e.g. OAI Working with world wide information community Working with policy Working with authors

Open?

‘Open’ = freely accessible - ‘open access journals’

and/or

‘Open’ = interoperable - Open Archives Initiative (OAI)

‘Crisis in Scholarly Communication’ new alternate models

Open Access Journals

Open Archive Initiative

                                                                                         

   

Open Access Journals the worldwide movement to disseminate

scientific and scholarly research literature online, free of charge and free of unnecessary licensing restrictions.

Open access is barrier-free and cost-free access to the use of information

Open access is NOT cost-free publication - costs still have to be met but in a new way

Open access is NOT low-quality publication

Open access is NOT vanity publication

Open access is a new way of managing scholarly publishing with a new economic model

Changing the economic model Essential feature : payment is for publication not for

access Peer-review still in place to ensure quality Publication payment can come either from author or

from research funding agency (many authors already pay more in page charges or colour charges than open access is likely to cost)

Open access favours small society publishers (publication costs likely to be lower)

Enables commercial publishers to continue albeit with lower profit levels

BUT transition to new model difficult for publishers

•Documenta Mathematica

http://www.mathematik.uni-bielefeld.de/documenta/Welcome-eng.html

This journal is free of charge (electronic). Printed volumes are available for a low price.

•Geometry & Topology http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/gt/ Publication is in electronic format completely free to individuals with papers appearing a few days after acceptance. Low-priced paper copy is available.

•Public Library of Science and BioMed Central

Examples of Open Access Journals and Publishers

Public Library of Science non-profit organization of scientists

and physicians committed to making the world's scientific and medical literature a freely available public resource.

PLoS Biology out Oct 2003 PLoS Medicine 2004

BioMed Central 90+ open access journals

business model is to charge authors $500 per article and then make the content available free to readers

JISC agreement with BioMed Central 1/7/03 Up to 80,000 medical and clinical researchers at 180

universities will now be able to publish their work at no charge in any of BioMed Central's extensive range of online medical journals. The costs of peer review will continue to be borne by individual academics or their institutions. The JISC deal will benefit authors from UK Higher Education Institutions, who will no longer have to pay their own author charges.

Work published with BioMed Central by researchers at University of Southampton

Research article     Biodiversity of nematode assemblages from the region of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, an area of commercial mining interestLambshead PJD, Brown CJ, Ferrero TJ, Hawkins LE, Smith CR, Mitchell NJBMC Ecology 2003, 3:1 (9 January 2003)[Abstract] [Full text] [PDF] [PubMed] [Related articles]

Review     Mitotic death: a mechanism of survival? A reviewErenpreisa J, Cragg MSCancer Cell International 2001, 1:1 (23 November 2001)[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] [PubMed] [Related articles]

Research article     Cost-utility of enoxaparin compared with unfractionated heparin in unstable coronary artery diseaseNicholson T, McGuire A, Milne RBMC Cardiovascular Disorders 2001, 1:2 (15 October 2001)[Abstract] [Full text] [PDF] [PubMed] [Related articles]

Oral presentation     Recruiting and supporting consumers in prioritising research topicsRoyle J, Oliver SBMC Meeting Abstracts: 9th International Cochrane Colloquium 2001, 1:op014 (26 August 2001)[Abstract]

Oral presentation     Pathways to evidence based reproductive healthcare in developing countriesGeyoushi B, Stones WBMC Meeting Abstracts: 9th International Cochrane Colloquium 2001, 1:op048 (26 August 2001)[Abstract]

Directory of Open Access Journals Compiled by Lund University 2003

The directory only contains fulltext, open access scientific and scholarly journals that use an appropriate quality control system to guarantee the content

>520 journal titles (Apr 03 = 480) All peer reviewed Increasing coverage by ISI

Agriculture and Food Sciences Arts and Architecture Biology and LifeSciences Business and Economics Chemistry Earth and Environmental Sciences Health SciencesHistory and Archaeology Languages and Literatures Law and Political Science Mathematics and statistics Philosophy and Religion Physics and Astronomy Social Sciences Technology and Engineering

‘Crisis in Scholarly Communication’ new alternate models

Open Access Journals

Open Archive Initiative

                                                                                         

   

Open Archives Subject based e-Print archives (centred on

author deposit) Pioneering example is ArXiv set up by Paul Ginsparg at

Los Alamos in 1991 Successful in limited subject areas Free EPrints Software developed at Southampton to

encourage more self archiving (JISC funding) Open Archive Initiative software standards

developed to enable cross searching (OAI-PMH) Alternate models proposed based on institutional

research output

JISC FAIR programme in the UK Focus on Access to Institutional Resources

Inspired by the vision of the Open Archives Initiative (OAI) that digital resources can be shared between organisations based on a simple mechanism allowing metadata about these resources to be harvested into services

To support the disclosure of institutional assets:

To support access to and sharing of institutional content within Higher Education and Further Education and to allow intelligence to be gathered about the technical, organisational and cultural challenges of these processes…

FAIR Programme £3 million on 14 projects starting

August 2002 Clusters:

Museums and Images E-Prints E-theses IPR Institutional portals

UK Focus on Access to Institutional Resources – e-Prints

TARDis: Targeting Academic Resources for Deposit and dISclosure

SHERPA: broader - Consortium of Research Libraries – filling archives and joint infrastructure

HaIRST: A testbed for Scotland ePrints-UK :harvesting UK e-Print archives

TARDis HEFCE – JISC Programme - Focus on Access to

Institutional Resources (FAIR) £196,000

Aug 2002 – Jan 2005 (30 months)

Cross University collaboration: University Library School of Electronics and Computer Sciences Information Systems and Services Academic Community!

Aim: to set up a sustainable Southampton e-Print

archive e-Prints Soton

Enhancing our version of software Feeding into EPrints software – future versions

To gain content – full text documents Offering a mediated service in parallel Making easier to deposit Advocacy Project target – 2000 Pilot with 2 schools in progress

TARDIS Targeting Academic Research for Deposit

and Disclosure Towards a sustainable e-Print service for

Southampton research Multidisciplinary collections with views for

communities Extended model with mediated deposit Input to design of the software to match

institutional repositories needs

How to get institutional archives off the ground Looking at departmental practice – environmental

assessment

Modifying aspects of software relevant to working on a broader front Incorporating good library practice Involving HCI lecturere.g.

• Submission process• Publication types• Format of output

Involving other librarians and other e-Print archives

What are e-Prints?e-Prints are: electronic copies of any research output

journal articles, book chapters, conference papers etc even multimedia

they may include unpublished manuscripts and papers prepared for publication (as copyright allows)

Also broader and narrower definitions:Academic output - NottinghamPeer-reviewed – Stevan Harnad

An e-Print archive is an internet based repository of such digital scholarly publications which can provide immediate and free worldwide access benefiting both author and reader

Collection policy defined to be broad research output of University researchers

Why deposit your research in e-Prints Soton?

•To make your research more visible and available in electronic form

• To promote your work and that of other academics within your community at the University of Southampton

• To use it as a secure store for your research publications - which can help you to respond to the many requests for full text and publication data

• To contribute to national and global initiatives which will ensure an international audience for your latest research (other universities are developing their own archives which, together, will be searchable by global search tools)

How researchers make research available currently though the university web site

Survey

Central record of University research output not maintained. Retrospective central research publications listings collated from

individual departments and made available on the web (University Research Report)

Snapshot departmental recording practices

• Minimal to highly structured• Variety of methods

looked at web sites – personal and schools

Example web site

Current practice at example departments

Department

Total number of publications

Full text

Percentage of full text

Faculty of Law, Arts and Social Sciences

Archaeology 252 2 1% English 243 3 1% Modern Languages 160 0 0% Music 280 5 2% Politics 138 6 4% Economics 357 89 25%

Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences

Biology 796 24 3% Medicine 1603 247 15% Health Professions and Rehabilitation Sciences

332

0 0%

Nursing and Midwifery

439 0 0%

Faculty of Engineering, Science and Mathematics

Chemistry 1128 111 10% Electronics and Computer Science

7008 866* 12%

Maths Education 170 34 20% Mathematical Studies

849 310 37%

Ocean Circulation and Climate Group, SOES

286 9 3%

James Rennell Division, SOC

792 68 9%

* - personal web sites not counted

Local needs identified / wider issues Bibliographic records

and full text Input publication data

only once Help with file formats Integrating current

records Import/export to other

archives Satisfy variety of

demands for publication records

Copyright (Romeo project)

Secure storage Quality control Peer review Workload Visibility Citation impact

Massaging deposit process in TARDIS

Policy maker involvementBenefits of an institutional repository: Raises profile of institution Manages digital institutional research assets Supports

Research output measures e.g. RAE, research report funding agency requirements

Endorse, encourage new deposits Encourage authors to amend copyright transfer

Upcoming UK Policy level event JISC seminar: Global Access to UK Research:

Removing the barriers 20 November 2003 Universities UK, Woburn House,

London

Can add additional text to copyright "I hereby transfer to <publisher or journal>

all rights to sell or lease the text (on-paper and on-line) of my paper <paper title>. I retain the right to distribute it for free for scholarly/scientific purposes, in particular, the right to self-archive it publicly online on the World Wide Web. The author/s hereby assert their moral rights in accordance with the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act (1988)."

How can we start to integrate with school practice?

Non-linear dynamics of a nematic liquid crystal in the presence of a shear flowE. Vicente Alonso, A.A. Wheeler and T.J. SluckinProc. Roy. Soc. A. 459 , 195-220 (2003)

[reprint] also pdf, ps and hardcopy

http://www.maths.soton.ac.uk/search/listpreprints.phtml?table=applied&uid=40618960c732ac68a7b5cf574a759ecc

http://www.maths.soton.ac.uk/staff/Sluckin/papers/vicente_alonso_et_al_03.pdf

A national vision – e-Prints + data + e-learning

Research visibility

contributing to Research discovery – all becomes

visible Local views – GIGA style services --

distributed searching? Global views – harvesting to search

services Leading to research enhancement

Thank you from across the world more informationjessie.hey@soton.ac.uktardis.eprints.orgElectronics and Computer Science – University of SouthamptonFocus on Access to Institutional Resources (FAIR) programme

And soon e-Prints Soton and other UK archives and services joining with international initiatives to make research more visible and interactive