academic writing workshop

Academic Writing Workshop (1)

In-text citations

List of references

Institute of English, University of Silesia March 31st, 2009

Plans for AWW meetings

• In-text citation, list of references

• Main text editing, quotations

• Organisation and planning

• Peer reviewers’ comments

Citation formats (selection)

• Traditional footnoting style (e.g. MLA footnoting style)

• APA style (American Psychological Association)

• ASA style (American Sociological Association)

• MLA style (Modern Language Association)• Harvard style

Traditional footnoting style• Main text:

“To a large extent disciplinary discourse has evolved as a means of funding, constructing, evaluating, displaying and negotiating knowledge.”1

1 Ken Hyland, Disciplinary Discourses: Social Interactions in Academic Writing (Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2000), p. 5.

• Bibliography:Hyland, Ken. Disciplinary Discourses: Social

Interactions in Academic Writing. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education, 2000.

APA style

• Main text: “To a large extent disciplinary discourse has evolved as a means of funding, constructing, evaluating, displaying and negotiating knowledge” (Hyland, 2000, p.5)

• References:Hyland, K. (2000). Disciplinary discourses: Social

interactions in academic writing. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education.

ASA style

• Main text: “To a large extent disciplinary discourse has evolved as a means of funding, constructing, evaluating, displaying and negotiating knowledge” (Hyland 2000:5)

• References:Hyland, Ken. 2000. Disciplinary Discourses: Social

Interactions in Academic Writing. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education.

MLA style

• Main text: “To a large extent disciplinary discourse has evolved as a means of funding, constructing, evaluating, displaying and negotiating knowledge” (Hyland 5).

• Works cited:Hyland, Ken. Disciplinary Discourses: Social

Interactions in Academic Writing. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education, 2000.

Harvard style

• Main text: “To a large extent disciplinary discourse has evolved as a means of funding, constructing, evaluating, displaying and negotiating knowledge” (Hyland, 2000, p.5).

• References:Hyland, K., 2000. Disciplinary discourses: social

interactions in academic writing. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education.

Helpful sources

• http://owl.english.purdue.edu/

• http:/libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm

• http://www.calstatela.edu/library/

• http://www.ikila.us.edu.pl/

• http://lib.trinity.edu/research/citing/asa%20style%20citations.pdf

• Turabian, Kate L. 1996. A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations. 6th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

• Wolański, Adam. 2008. Edycja tekstów. Praktyczny poradnik. Warszawa: PWN.

• ASA style (APA formats for articles also included. Please note that if you favour APA or any other style for your reference list, capitalisation of titles and the use of paretheses and quotation marks must follow consistently this style throughout your references)

• Traditional footnoting style

Book by a single author• Main text:

“To a large extent disciplinary discourse has evolved as a means of funding, constructing, evaluating, displaying and negotiating knowledge” (Hyland 2000:5).

As Hyland (2000: 5) observes in his recent monograph, disciplinary discourse “has evolved as a means of funding, constructing, evaluating, displaying and negotiating knowledge.”

• References:

Hyland, Ken. 2000. Disciplinary Discourses: Social Interactions in Academic Writing. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education.

• Footnote:1 Ken Hyland, Disciplinary Discourses: Social Interactions in Academic

Writing (Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2000), p. 5.5 Hyland, Disciplinary Discourses…, p. 31.

• Bibliography:

Hyland, Ken. Disciplinary Discourses: Social Interactions in Academic Writing. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education, 2000.

Books by a single author• Main text:

“To a large extent disciplinary discourse has evolved as a means of funding, constructing, evaluating, displaying and negotiating knowledge” (Hyland 2000:5).

As Hyland (2000: 5) observes in his recent monograph, disciplinary discourse “has evolved as a means of funding, constructing, evaluating, displaying and negotiating knowledge.”

• References:

Hyland, Ken. 2000. Disciplinary Discourses: Social Interactions in Academic Writing. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education.

• Footnote:1 Ken Hyland, Disciplinary Discourses: Social Interactions in Academic

Writing (Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education Limited, 2000), p. 5.5 Hyland, Disciplinary Discourses…, p. 31.

• Bibliography:

Hyland, Ken. Disciplinary Discourses: Social Interactions in Academic Writing. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education, 2000.

Book by two or more authors• Main text:

(Hatim and Munday 2004:8)

(Fløttum, Dahl, and Kinn 2006:19) (Fløttum et al. 2006:36)

• References:Hatim, Basil and Jeremy Munday. 2004. Translation: An Advanced

Resource Book. London: Routledge.

Fløttum, Kjersti, Trine Dahl, and Torodd Kinn. 2006. Academic Voices: Across Languages and Disciplines. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

• Footnote:1 Basil Hatim and Jeremy Munday, Translation: An Advanced Resource Book

(London: Routledge, 2004), p. 8.5 Kjersti Fløttum, Trine Dahl, and Torodd Kinn, Academic Voices: Across

Languages and Disciplines (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2006), p. 19.9 Fløttum et al., Academic Voices…, p.36.

• Bibliography:Hatim, Basil and Jeremy Munday. Translation: An Advanced Resource Book.

London: Routledge, 2004.

Fløttum, Kjersti, Trine Dahl, and Torodd Kinn. Academic Voices: Across Languages and Disciplines. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2006.

Book which is edited

• Main text:

(Smith 1987) • References:

Smith, Larry E., ed. 1987. Discourse Across Cultures: Strategies in World Englishes. New York: Prentice Hall.

• Footnote:1 Larry E. Smith, ed., Discourse Across Cultures: Strategies in

World Englishes (New York: Prentice Hall, 1987).

• Bibliography:Smith, Larry E., ed. Discourse Across Cultures: Strategies in World

Englishes. New York: Prentice Hall, 1987.

Book with more than one editor• Main text:

(Bybee and Fleischman 1995)

(Arabski, Gabryś-Barker, and Łyda 2007) (Arabski et al. 2007)

• References:Bybee, Joan and Suzanne Fleischman, eds. 1995. Modality in Grammar and

Discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Arabski, Janusz, Danuta Gabryś-Barker, and Andrzej Łyda, eds. 2007. PASE Papers 2007. Vol. 1, Studies in Language and Methodology

of Teaching Foreign Languages. Katowice: Para.

• Footnote:1 Joan Bybee and Suzanne Fleischman, eds., Modality in Grammar and

Discourse (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1995).2 Arabski, Janusz, Danuta Gabryś-Barker, and Andrzej Łyda, eds., PASE

Papers 2007, vol. 1, Studies in Language and Methodology of Teaching Foreign Languages (Katowice: Para, 2007).

5 Arabski et al. eds., PASE Papers …

• Bibliography:Bybee, Joan and Suzanne Fleischman, eds. Modality in Grammar and

Discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1995.

Book with more than one editor• Main text:

(Bybee and Fleischman 1995)


• References:Bybee, Joan and Suzanne Fleischman, eds. 1995. Modality in Grammar and

Discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Arabski, Janusz, Danuta Gabryś-Barker, and Andrzej Łyda, eds. 2007. PASE Papers 2007. Vol. 1, Studies in Language and Methodology

of Teaching Foreign Languages. Katowice: Para.

• Footnote:1 Joan Bybee and Suzanne Fleischman, eds., Modality in Grammar and

Discourse (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1995).2 Arabski, Janusz, Danuta Gabryś-Barker, and Andrzej Łyda, eds.,

PASE Papers 2007, vol. 1, Studies in Language and Methodology of Teaching Foreign Languages (Katowice: Para, 2007).

5 Arabski et al. eds., PASE Papers …

• Bibliography:Bybee, Joan and Suzanne Fleischman, eds. Modality in Grammar and

Discourse. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1995.

Book with no author

• Main text:(Roget’s Thesaurus 1966) (Roget’s 1966)

• References:Roget’s Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases. 1966.

Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books.

• Footnote:1 Roget’s Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases

(Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1966).5 Roget’s Thesaurus…

• Bibliography:Roget’s Thesaurus of English Words and Phrases. Harmondsworth,

Middlesex: Penguin Books, 1966.

Volume in a multivolume work• Main text:


• References:Arabski, Janusz, Danuta Gabryś-Barker, and Andrzej Łyda, eds. 2007.

PASE Papers 2007. Vol. 1, Studies in Language and Methodology of Teaching Foreign Languages.

Katowice: Para.

• Footnote:2 Arabski, Janusz, Danuta Gabryś-Barker, and Andrzej Łyda, eds.,

PASE Papers 2007, vol. 1, Studies in Language and Methodology of Teaching Foreign Languages (Katowice: Para, 2007).

5 Arabski et al., eds., PASE Papers …

• Bibliography:Arabski, Janusz, Danuta Gabryś-Barker, and Andrzej Łyda, eds.

PASE Papers 2007. Vol. 1, Studies in Language and Methodology of Teaching Foreign Languages.

Katowice: Para, 2007.

Translated book• Main text:(Eliade 1994:60-61)

• References:Eliade, Mircea. 1994. Historia wierzeń i idei religijnych – Histoire

des croyances et des idées religieuses. Vol. 2, Od Gautamy Buddy do początków chrześcijaństwa. Translated by Stanisław Tokarski. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy PAX.

• Footnote:1 Mircea Eliade, Historia wierzeń i idei religijnych – Histoire des

croyances et des idées religieuses, vol. 2, Od Gautamy Buddy do początków chrześcijaństwa, trans. Stanisław Tokarski (Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy PAX, 1994), pp. 60-61.

2 Eliade, Historia wierzeń…, pp. 30-32.

• Bibliography:Eliade, Mircea. Historia wierzeń i idei religijnych – Histoire des

croyances et des idées religieuses. Vol. 2, Od Gautamy Buddy do początków chrześcijaństwa. Translated by Stanisław

Tokarski. Warszawa: Instytut Wydawniczy PAX, 1994.

Book in a foreign language

• Main text:(Zaśko-Zielińska, Majewska-Tworek, and Piekot 2008:47)

(Zaśko-Zielińska et al. 2008:67)

• References:Zaśko-Zielińska, Monika, Anna Majewska-Tworek, and Tomasz

Piekot. 2008. Sztuka pisania. Przewodnik po tekstach użytkowych (The art of writing. A guide to functional texts). Warszawa: PWN.

• Footnote:1 Monika Zaśko-Zielińska, Anna Majewska-Tworek, and Tomasz Piekot, Sztuka

pisania. Przewodnik po tekstach użytkowych (The art of writing. A guide to functional texts) (Warszawa: PWN, 2008), p. 47.

5 Zaśko-Zalewska et al., Sztuka pisania…, p. 67.

• Bibliography:Zaśko-Zielińska, Monika, Anna Majewska-Tworek, and Tomasz Piekot.

Sztuka pisania. Przewodnik po tekstach użytkowych (The art of writing. A guide to functional texts). Warszawa: PWN, 2008.

Book in a series

• Main text:(Johns 1997:7)

• References:Johns, Ann. 1997. Text, Role, and Context: Developing Academic

Literacies. Cambridge Applied Linguistics. Cambridge: CUP.

• Footnote:1 Ann Johns, Text, Role, and Context: Developing Academic

Literacies, Cambridge Applied Linguistics (Cambridge: CUP, 1994), p. 7.

• Bibliography:Johns, Anne. Text, Role, and Context: Developing Academic

Literacies. Cambridge Applied Linguistics. Cambridge: CUP, 1994.

Subsequent editions

• Main text:(Jordan 1999:8)

• References:Jordan, Robert R. 1999. Academic Writing Course: Study Skills in

English. 3rd ed. Harlow, Essex: Longman.

• Footnote:1 Robert R. Jordan, Academic Writing Course: Study Skills in

English, 3rd ed. (Harlow, Essex: Longman, 1999), p. 8.

• Bibliography:Jordan, Robert R. Academic Writing Course: Study Skills in English.

3rd ed. Harlow, Essex: Longman, 1999.

Article, or ‘chapter’, in an edited book

• Main text:(Swales 1996:47)

• References: Swales, John. 1996. “Occluded genres in the academy: The case of the

submission letter.” Pp. 45-58 in Academic Writing: Intercultural and Textual Issues, edited by Eija Ventola and Anna Mauranen. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (ASA)

Swales, J. (1996). Occluded genres in the academy: The case of the submission letter. In E. Ventola & A. Mauranen (Eds.), Academic writing: Intercultural and textual issues

(pp. 45-58). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (APA)

Swales, John. 1996. Occluded genres in the academy: The case of the submission letter. In Eija Ventola and Anna Mauranen, eds.,

Academic writing: Intercultural and textual issues, 45-58. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (POPULAR)

Article, or ‘chapter’, in an edited book

• Main text:(Swales 1996:47)

• References: Swales, John. 1996. “Occluded genres in the academy: The case of the

submission letter.” Pp. 45-58 in Academic Writing: Intercultural and Textual Issues, edited by Eija Ventola and Anna Mauranen. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (ASA)

Swales, J. (1996). Occluded genres in the academy: The case of the submission letter. In E. Ventola & A. Mauranen (Eds.),

Academic writing: Intercultural and textual issues (pp. 45-58). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (APA)

Swales, John. 1996. Occluded genres in the academy: The case of the submission letter. In Eija Ventola and Anna Mauranen, eds.,

Academic writing: Intercultural and textual issues, 45-58. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. (POPULAR)

• Footnote:1 John Swales, “Occluded genres in the academy: The case of the

submission letter,” in: Academic Writing: Intercultural and Textual Issues, ed. Eija Ventola and Anna Mauranen (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1996), p. 47.

• Bibliography:Swales, John. “Occluded genres in the academy: The case of the

submission letter.” In: Academic Writing: Intercultural and Textual Issues, ed. Eija Ventola and Anna Mauranen. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1996, pp. 45-58

• Footnote:1 John Swales, “Occluded genres in the academy: The case of the

submission letter,” in: Academic Writing: Intercultural and Textual Issues, ed. Eija Ventola and Anna Mauranen (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1996), p. 47.

• Bibliography:Swales, John. “Occluded genres in the academy: The case of the

submission letter.” In: Academic Writing: Intercultural and Textual Issues, ed. Eija Ventola and Anna Mauranen. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1996, pp. 45-58.

Article in a journal

• Main text:(Biber 2006:102) (Narrog 2005:680)

• References:Biber, Douglas. 2006. “Stance in spoken and written university registers.”

Journal of English for Academic Purposes 5: 97-116. (ASA)

Narrog, Heiko. 2005. “Modality, mood, and change of modal meanings: A new perspective.” Cognitive Linguistics 16(4): 677-731. (ASA)

Narrog, H. (2005). Modality, mood, and change of modal meanings: A new perspective. Cognitive Linguistics, 16(4), 677-731. (APA)

Narrog, Heiko. 2005. Modality, mood, and change of modal meanings: A new perspective. Cognitive Linguistics 16(4): 677-731. (POPULAR)

• Footnote:1 Douglas Biber, “Stance in spoken and written university registers,”

Journal of English for Academic Purposes, Vol. 5 (2006), p. 102.2 Heiko Narrog, “Modality, mood, and change of modal meanings: A new

perspective,” Cognitive Linguistics, Vol. 16, No. 4 (2005), p. 680.

• Bibliography:Biber, Douglas. “Stance in spoken and written university registers.” Journal

of English for Academic Purposes, Vol. 5, 2006, pp. 97-116.

Narrog, Heiko. “Modality, mood, and change of modal meanings: A new perspective.” Cognitive Linguistics, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2005, 677-731.

• Footnote:1 Douglas Biber, “Stance in spoken and written university registers,”

Journal of English for Academic Purposes, Vol. 5 (2006), p. 102.2 Heiko Narrog, “Modality, mood, and change of modal meanings: A

new perspective,” Cognitive Linguistics, Vol. 16, No. 4 (2005), p. 680.

• Bibliography:Biber, Douglas. “Stance in spoken and written university registers.”

Journal of English for Academic Purposes, Vol. 5, 2006, pp. 97-116.

Narrog, Heiko. “Modality, mood, and change of modal meanings: A new perspective.” Cognitive Linguistics, Vol. 16, No. 4, 2005, 677-731.

Reprint• Main text:

(Mukařowský 1970)

• References:Mukařowský, Jan. 1970. "Standard language and poetic language.”

Translated by Paul L. Garvin. Pp. 40-56 in Linguistics and literary style, edited by Donald C. Freeman. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Reprinted from A Prague School Reader on Esthetics, Literay Structure, and Style, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1964. (ASA)

Mukařowský, J. (1970). Standard language and poetic language. Trans. P.L. Garvin. In D.C. Freeman (Ed.), Linguistics and literary style

(pp. 40- 56). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Reprinted from A Prague School reader on esthetics, literay structure,

and style, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1964. (APA)

Mukařowský, Jan. 1970. Standard language and poetic language. Trans. Paul L. Garvin. In Donald C. Freeman, ed., Linguistics and literary

style, 40-56. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Reprinted from A Prague School reader on esthetics, literay structure, and style, Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1964. (POPULAR)

• Footnote:1 Jan Mukařowský, "Standard language and poetic language,” trans.

Paul L. Garvin, in: A Prague School Reader on Esthetics, Literay Structure, and Style (Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1964; reprint, Linguistics and literary style, ed. Donald C. Freeman, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970), pp. 40-56 (page citations are to the reprint edition). .

• Bibliography:Mukařowský, Jan. "Standard language and poetic language.”

Translated by Paul L. Garvin. In: A Prague School Reader on Esthetics, Literay Structure, and Style. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 1964. Reprint, Linguistics and literary style, ed. Donald C. Freeman, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1970, pp. 40-56.

Secondary quotations

• Main text: Johnson argued that...(as cited in Smith 2003:102) (adapted from APA, see http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/08/)

• References:Smith, John. 2003. Text and Discourse Revisited. London: Routledge.

• Footnote:1 As cited in John Smith, Text and Discourse Revisited (London:

Routledge, 2003), p. 102.

• Bibliography:Smith, John. Text and Discourse Revisited. London: Routledge, 2003.

Electronic sources (book):• Main text:

(Welch 1999)

• References:Welch, Kathleen E. 1999. Electric Rhetoric: Classical Rhetoric,

Oralism and a New Literacy. Cambridge: MIT Press. Retrieved October 21, 2004

(http://www.netlibrary.com). (ASA)

• Footnote:1 Kathleen Welch, Electric Rhetoric: Classical Rhetoric,

Oralism and a New Literacy (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999), http://www.netlibrary.com (21 Oct. 2004).

• Bibliography:Welch, Kathleen. Electric Rhetoric: Classical Rhetoric, Oralism and a New Literacy. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999. http://www.netlibrary.com (21 Oct. 2004).

The examples above come from: http://lib.trinity.edu/research/citing/asa%20style%20citations.pdf

Electronic sources (article in a journal, on-line):• Main text:

(Jobe 2000)

• References:Jobe, Karen D. 2000. "Women and the Language of Hackerdom: The

Gendered Nature of Hacker Jargon." Kairos 5(2). Retrieved March 23, 2005 (http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/5.2/binder.html? coverbweb/ jobe/ women&hackerdom.htm). (ASA)

• Footnote:1 Karen Jobe, "Women and the Language of Hackerdom: The

Gendered Nature of Hacker Jargon," Kairos, Vol. 5, No. 2, http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/5.2/binder.html?coverbweb/ jobe/ women&hackerdom.htm (23 March 2005).

• Bibliography:Jobe, Karen. "Women and the Language of Hackerdom: The

Gendered Nature of Hacker Jargon." Kairos, Vol. 5, No. 2. http://english.ttu.edu/kairos/5.2/binder.html?coverbweb/ jobe/ women&hackerdom.htm (23 March 2005).


Electronic sources (article in a journal, full-text database):

• Main text:(Ferrell 1990)

• References:

Ferrell, Robert H. 1990. "Truman's place in history." Reviews in American History 18 (1): 1-9. (Retrieved from JSTOR on February 3, 2005.)

• Footnote:1 Robert H. Ferrell, "Truman's place in history," Reviews in

American History, Vol. 18, No. 1 (1990), pp. 1-9, retrieved from JSTOR (February 3, 2005).

• Bibliography:Ferrell, Robert H. "Truman's place in history." Reviews in American

History, Vol. 18, No. 1, 1990, pp. 1-9. Retrieved from JSTOR (February 3, 2005).


Review

• Main text:(Crosby 2008)

• References:Crosby, Cate. 2008. Review of An Introduction to Applied

Linguistics. From Practice to Theory (2nd edition), by Alan Davies. English for Specific Purposes 27: 363-367.

• Footnote:1 Cate Crosby, review of An Introduction to Applied Linguistics: From

Practice to Theory (2nd ed.), by Alan Davies, English for Specific Purposes, vol. 27 (2008), pp. 363-367.

• Bibliography:Crosby, Cate. Review of An Introduction to Applied Linguistics.

From Practice to Theory (2nd ed.), by Alan Davies. English for Specific Purposes, Vol. 27, 2008, pp. 363-367.

Review

• Main text:(Crosby 2008)

• References:Crosby, Cate. 2008. Review of An Introduction to Applied Linguistics. From Practice to Theory (2nd edition), by Alan Davies. English for Specific Purposes 27: 363-367.

• Footnote:1 Cate Crosby, review of An Introduction to Applied Linguistics:

From Practice to Theory (2nd ed.), by Alan Davies, English for Specific Purposes, vol. 27 (2008), pp. 363-367.

• Bibliography:Crosby, Cate. Review of An Introduction to Applied Linguistics.

From Practice to Theory (2nd ed.), by Alan Davies. English for Specific Purposes, Vol. 27, 2008, pp. 363-367.

Preface

• Main text:(Russell 1984)

• References:Russell, Bertrand. 1984. Preface to Professor Mmaa’s Lecture, by

Stefan Themerson. Woodstock, NY: Tusk / Overlook. (ASA)

Russell, B. (1984). Introduction. In S. Themerson, Professor Mmaa’s Lecture (pp.1-2). Woodstock, NY: Tusk / Overlook. (APA)

• Footnote:1 Bertrand Russell, preface to Professor Mmaa’s Lecture, by Stefan

Themerson (Woodstock, NY: Tusk / Overlook, 1984).

• Bibliography:Russell, Bertrand. Preface to Professor Mmaa’s Lecture, by

Stefan Themerson. Woodstock, NY: Tusk / Overlook, 1984.

Preface

• Main text:(Russell 1984)

• References:Russell, Bertrand. 1984. Preface to Professor Mmaa’s Lecture, by

Stefan Themerson. Woodstock, NY: Tusk / Overlook.

• Footnote:1 Bertrand Russell, preface to Professor Mmaa’s Lecture, by

Stefan Themerson (Woodstock, NY: Tusk / Overlook, 1984).

• Bibliography:Russell, Bertrand. Preface to Professor Mmaa’s Lecture, by

Stefan Themerson. Woodstock, NY: Tusk / Overlook, 1984.

Thank you!

academic writing workshop

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