accapp'05, veneziao. napoly, cea/saclay1 coordinated accelerator research in europe

AccApp'05, Venezia O. Napoly, CEA/Saclay 1

Coordinated Accelerator Research in Europe


• CARE is an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (I3)supported by the European Community under the FP6

“Structuring the European Research Area” programme

• Aimed at improving existing accelerator infrastructures in EU

• 22 institutes from 9 countries have signed the EU contract

• About 46 institutes from 7 countries are associated

• Coordinated by CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, Saclay• CARE Web Site : http://care.lal.in2p3.fr

http://care.lal.in2p3.fr/


Accelerator Application: Elementary Particle Physics

“Discovering the Quantum Universe”™ (US-HEPAP)

I. Einstein’s dream of unified forces:

1. Are there undiscovered principles of nature: new forces, new symmetries, new physical laws ?

2. How can we solve the mystery of dark energy ?

3. Are there extra dimensions of space ?

4. Do all forces become one ?

II. The particle world:

1. Why are there so many kinds of particles ?

2. What is dark matter ? How can we make it in the laboratoy ?

3. What are neutrinos telling us ?

III. The birth of the universe:

1. How did the universe come to be ?

2. What happened to the anti-matter ?


CARE ‘recipients’:Existing Accelerators

Laboratory Accelerator Description

CCLRC-RAL ISIS Accelerator complex for the neutron and muon facility

CEA-Saclay IPHI High intensity proton injector

CERN PS, SPS, LHCCNGSCTF3

Proton accelerator complexNeutrino beamElectron two-beam linac test facility

DESY PETRA, HERATTF

Electron and proton accelerator complexElectron superconducting linac test facility and FEL

FZ Rosendorf ELBE Electron linear accelerator

GSI Darmstadt SIS, ESR Heavy-ion accelerator complex

PSI SINQ Accelerator complex for the neutron and muon facility

INFN-Frascati DAPHNE Electron-positron collider


CARE ‘recipients’:Existing Test Stands

CCLRC-RAL - Cryogenic facility for mechanical measurements

CEA-Saclay - Cryogenic test stands for SC magnets

CryHoLab Horizontal cryogenic test stand for RF cavities

CNRS-Orsay NEPAL-

Test stand with photo-injectorRF coupler test laboratory

CERN --FRESCA

3 MeV test stand for chopping and beam testsRF test stand for 352 MHz cavity testingSuperconducting wire and cable test facility

DESY CHECHIA-PITZ

Horizontal cryogenic test stand for RF cavitiesSC magnet test facilityPhoto-injector test facility

FZ Jülich - RF test stand for SC cavities

GSI Darmstadt -UNILAC

SC magnet test facilityAccelerator for beam and diagnostics tests

INFN Frascati and Genova High field SC wire test facilities


United KingdomUMA22

United KingdomICL21

United KingdomCCLRC20

suissePSI19

suisseUNI-GE18

en suisseCERN17

SpainCSIC16

PolandWUT15

PolandPW(WUT)14

PolandIPJ13

PolandTUL Lodz12

NederlandTEU11

ItalieINFN10

GermanyFZR-ELBE9

GermanyTUM8

GermanyFZJ7

GermanyDESY6

GermanyIAP-FU5

GermanyGSI4

FranceCNRS3

BelgiqueUCLN2

FranceCEA1

NationnalityShort name

United KingdomUMA22

United KingdomICL21

United KingdomCCLRC20

suissePSI19

suisseUNI-GE18

en suisseCERN17

SpainCSIC16

PolandWUT15

PolandPW(WUT)14

PolandIPJ13

PolandTUL Lodz12

NederlandTEU11

ItalieINFN10

GermanyFZR-ELBE9

GermanyTUM8

GermanyFZJ7

GermanyDESY6

GermanyIAP-FU5

GermanyGSI4

FranceCNRS3

BelgiqueUCLN2

FranceCEA1

NationnalityShort name

FP6 Integrated Infrastructure Initiative 2004 – 2008

4 Joint Research Activities3 Networking Activities


CARE Matrix:Activities vs. Infrastructures

NA = Networking Activities JRA = Joint Research Activities


ELAN Networking Activity

• the European contribution to the first International Linear Collider workshop at KEK, nov04

• the first International Workshop on “High Energy Electron using Plasmas” in Paris, June’05.

organizedorganized


BENE Networking Activity

BENE co-organized in May’04 at CERN the workshop “Physics at a Multi MegaWatt Proton Source” which reviewedthe parametersof a proton driverfor a futureneutrino facility.

Recommended:SPL at 3.5 GeV,1;14 mA average,40 mA peak


HHH Networking Activity

• the “Beam Dynamics in Future Hadron Colliders and Rapidly Cycling High-Intensity Synchrotrons” workshop which reviewed the critical items and possible scenarios for CERN-LHC and GSI-SIS upgrades.• topical workshops on topical workshops on ““Beam Generated Heat Deposition and Quench Levels for LHC Magnets””and “and “Crystal Collimation in Hadron Storage Rings”” http://care-hhh.web.cern.ch/CARE-HHH/

organizedorganized


Joint Research Activities

The four Joint Research Activities (JRA) aim at developing critical or beyond the state of the art components and systems allowing one to upgrade the infrastructures dedicated to EPP.

• SRF: The development of the superconducting RF cavity technology for the acceleration of electrons with gradient exceeding 35 MV/m and the development of the subsequent necessary superconducting RF technology.

• PHIN: An R&D program for improving the technology of photo-injectors, in particular to match the severe requirements necessary for demonstrating the 2 beam acceleration concepts.

• HIPPI: The integrated developments of normal and superconducting RF structures for the acceleration of very high-intensity proton beams as well as challenging beam chopping magnets.

• NED: The development and mastering of the technology for reaching very high magnetic field (>15 T) and high current densities (>1500 A/mm2).

All together : 16 contracting institutes, 12 industrial companies


Joint Research Activity Budgets

SRF PHIN HIPPI NEDTotal JRA

Number of Contractors 8 6 8 6 16

EU funding 5.0 M€ 3.5 M€ 3.6 M€ 1.0 M€ 13 M€

Expected Cost 9.2 M€ 6.0 M€ 15 M€ 2.1 M€ 32 M€

FTE54 over

4 years22 over 4 years

23 over 5 years

4.2 over 3 years

103 over 5 years


SRF Work Packages2 Improved Standard Cavity Fabrication

2.1 Reliability analysis

2.2 Improved component design

2.3 EB welding

3 Seamless Cavity Production

3.1 Seamless cavity production by spinning

3.2 Seamless cavity production by hydroforming

4 Thin Film Cavity Production

4.1 Linear arc cathode

4.2 Planar arc cathode

5 Surface Preparation

5.1 Electro-Polishing on single cells

5.2 Electro-Polishing on multicells

5.3 Automated EP

5.4 Dry ice cleaning

6 Material Analysis

6.1 Squid scanning

6.2 Flux gate magnetometry

6.3 DC field emission studies of Nb samples

7 Couplers

7.1 New proto-types

7.2 Titanium-nitride coating system

7.3 Conditioning studies

8 Tuners

8.1 Actuators and sensor characterisation

8.2 Control electronics

8.3 Piezo-electric tuners

8.4 Magneto-strictive tuner

9 Low Level RF

9.1 Operability and Technical performance

9.2 Cost and reliabilty

9.3 Hardware technolgy

9.4 Software technology

10 Cryostat Integration Tests

11 Beam Diagnostics

11.1 Emittance monitor

11.2 Beam position monitor


SRF R&D Programme (1)

Scientific investigations on coated Niobium films by the vacuum arc method at IPJ-Swierk and INFN-Roma have shown that the superconducting properties, i.e. Jc and Tc, are the same as in bulk Niobium



The progress with the preparation of cavities by electropolishing and moderate bake out results in nine cell 1.3 GHz superconducting cavities with accelerating gradients above 30 MV/m and quality factors above 1010.



RF studies at CNRS-Orsay of two alternative couplers design are complete. Prototypes will be built in industry and RF tests are foreseen in spring of 2006.



The progress in the design of two piezo-tuners, lateral at CEA or axial at INFN-Milano, will allow the fabrication and RF-tests of tuner prototypes in 2005 in CryHoLab.

Also supported by HIPPI for proton SC cavities



Integrated high power cavity tests are under way at the CryHoLab (IN2P3-CEA) test stand with the first goal of qualifying the cold tuning system prototypes


PHIN Work Packages

2 Charge Production

2.1 High efficiency photocathode for 3 GHz RF gun

2.2 Photocathode for superconducting cavity

2.3 Laser driven plasma source

3 LASER

3.1 Laser system

3.2 Pulse shaping system

3.3 UV generation and feedbacks

4 Gun

4.1 Superconducting RF gun

4.2 3 GHz RF gun

4.3 Spectrometer for e- beam


PHIN R&D Programme (1)

The characteristics of more than 30 photocathodes, (preparation condition, quantum efficiency, laser wave-length, lifetime, vacuum conditions…) have been collected in a database (CERN, FZR-ELBE, TEU).http://www.fz-rossendorf.de/projects/CARE/index.files/page0001.htm

Properties of semiconductor photocathodes

Material E a+Eg (eV) Threshold (nm)

Alkali-halide CsI 6.4 209

CsI-Ge 5.0 248

Alkali-antimonide Cs3Sb 2.0 620

K3Sb 2.3 539

Na2KSb 2.0 620

K2CsSb . .

Alkali-telluride Cs 2Te 3.5 354

CsKTe

Rb 2Te 4.1 302

RbCsTe . .

K2Te . .

NegativeElectron Affinity GaAs (Cs) . .

(111) Diamond . <210

http://www.fz-rossendorf.de/projects/CARE/index.files/page0001.htm

http://www.fz-rossendorf.de/projects/CARE/index.files/photocathodes/nonmetal/semi/CsI.htm

http://www.fz-rossendorf.de/projects/CARE/index.files/photocathodes/nonmetal/semi/CsI-Ge.htm

http://www.fz-rossendorf.de/projects/CARE/index.files/photocathodes/nonmetal/semi/CsSb.htm




PHIN R&D Programme (2) A new superconducting RF gun with 3 ½ cells has been designed FZR-ELBE with Cs2Te@LN2. First beam in 2006.



The demonstration of a high charge 0.5 nC mono-energetic 170 MeV 20 MeV electron beam generation in the laser plasma accelerator concept has been achieved at CNRS-LOA (published in Nature).



Experiments on pulse shaping with the acousto-optic modulator (Dazzler) achieved the required square laser pulse characteristics before the amplifier system at INFN (Frascati, Milano, Roma).


HIPPI Work Packages

2 Normal conducting structures

2.1 Drift tube linac DTL

2.2 H-mode drift tube linac

2.3 Side coupled linac

2.4 Cell coupled drift tube linac CCDTL

3 Superconducting structures

3.1 Elliptical cavities

3.2 Spoke cavities

3.3 CH resonators

4 Chopping

4.1 Chopper structure

4.2 Chopper beam line

4.3

5 Beam dynamics

5.1 Code development

5.2 Code benchmarking

5.3 Simulation and experiment at UNILAC

5.4 Simulation and experiment at CERN

5.5 Diagnostics and collimation


HIPPI R&D Programme (1)

RF studies have been completed and prototypes are in fabrication for both normal and superconducting low-beta cross-H 352 MHz resonators at IAP-Frankfort.

Cu Nb



A 352 MHz Cavity Coupled DTL pre-prototype in construction at CERN has been copper plated and will undergo high power tests.

A second prototype is built in Russia (ISTC #2875 ) at BINP (Novosibirsk) and at VNITEF (Snezinsk)



Superconducting spoke resonator prototypes, ranging from β=0.1 to β=0.35 have been designed at FZ-Jülich at 352 and 760 MHz, and CNRS-Orsay at 352 MHz. They have been fabricated in industry and RF tests have started.

FZJ IPN-Orsay



A β=0.47, 704 MHz superconducting elliptical cavity fabricated at INFN-Milano reached 16 MV/m gradient with Q0 = 5.109 during a vertical RF test at CEA-Saclay


NED Work Packages

2 Thermal studies and quench protection

2.1 Heat transfer measurements

2.2 Quench protection computation

3 Conductor development

3.1 Cable specification for 15 T dipole magnet

3.2 Wire development

3.3 Wire characterization

3.4 Cable development

3.5 Cable characterisation

4 Insulation development and implementation

4.1 Specification of conductor insulation

4.2 Implementation study of conventional solution

4.3 Implementation study of innovative solution

5 Magnet design and optimisation


NED R&D Programme (1)

Heat transfer measurements will be performed in a pressurized, He-II, double-bath cryostat manufactured at Wroclaw University of Technology. The cryostat has been delivered to CEA/Saclay where the facility will be implemented an operated.



Magnetic designs for large bore and high field dipole magnets have been studied at CERN in order to define the characteristics of Nb3Sn strands suitable to reach a 15 T field for two different apertures (CERN).

Ø = 88 mm Ø = 160 mm



• NED and HHH co-organized in March’04 at Archamps the workshop “Accelerator Magnet Superconductors” to review present R&D and define directions of developments in connection with European industries.http://amt.web.cern.ch/amt/events/workshops/WAMS2004/wams2004_index.htm

• Two contracts for Nb3Sn conductor development have been awarded to Alstom/MSA (France) and SMI (The Netherlands).

http://amt.web.cern.ch/amt/events/workshops/WAMS2004/wams2004_index.htm


Aplications ofSuperconductivity and Injectors

CARE R&D programmes are focused on the technology of :1. High gradient superconducting RF

2. High field superconducting magnets

3. Intense electron beam sources

4. Intense proton beam injectors

These technologies, developed in EPP laboratories worldwide (cf. EU laboratories + KEK, Fermilab, JLab, LBNL, BNL, …) lead to wider applications:• 1 + 3 → Fourth generation light sources SASE-FEL• 1 + 4 → Proton drivers for spallation neutron sources and

accelerator driven systems• 2 + 4 → Fusion reactors : stellarators and tokamaks


Looking ahead (I)

CARE is the first EPP project associated to the EC Framework Programmes.

Since then, other accelerator R&D projects have been approved

Project Instrmt.

Type

Beam

Type

Start

date

Duration

Years

Total

Cost

EU contribution

CAREI3 All 1/1/04 5 55 M€

15.2 M€

EUROTEVDS* e+,e- (LC) 1/1/05 3

29 M€ 9 M€

EURISOLDS*

Ion, p

(Neutrino b-beam)1/1/05 4

33 M€

(3.3 M€)

9.16 M€

(1 M€)

* DS = Design Studies


Looking ahead (II)

CARE R&D programme must be extended within the EU FP7 to ensure that the European Elementary Particle Physics community plays an important role :• in the improvement of present accelerators

- LHC upgrade- GSI SIS upgrade- DESY XFEL

• in the construction of new accelerators- ILC International Linear Collider (2010 ?)- Neutrino factories- Muon collider- …

• In pushing the limits in the performance of accelerator systems for other applications.


Dissemination of knowledge

• CARE Publications :http://dphs10.saclay.cea.fr/Doc/Care/care_index.php

2004 ELAN BENE HHH SRF PHIN HIPPI NED Total

Notes 26 5 6 2 0 0 39

Pubs 1 2 1 4

Reports 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 8

Confs 1 8 18 6 19 2 54

Nature, NIM, Phys. Rev,…

• CARE Databases and Code Repositories (via CARE Web site): Superconducting RF and e- instrumentation in ELAN Photocathode properties in PHIN Accelerator codes for electron linacs in ELAN Accelerator codes for proton accelerators in HHH

http://dphs10.saclay.cea.fr/Doc/Care/care_index.php


Conclusion

• CARE R&D programmes have started 18 months ago, with a very wide range of collaborative projects.

• With a few exceptions, major investments and most of the hiring have been undertaken. Few prototypes have been already fabricated.

• Progress of the activities has been reported to EC in the 1st annual activity reports, available on the CARE web site.

• The upgraded test stands will become operational in late 2005 and prototype will be tested over 2006 to 2008.

• Many synergies and complementarities with other projects

CARE is not isolated in its « ivory tower »

accapp'05, veneziao. napoly, cea/saclay1 coordinated accelerator research in europe

Documents

beam testsrf test stand

fresca3 mev test stand

existing test standscclrcral

cryogenic facility

new forces

proton driverfor

beam dynamics

workshop physics