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Accelerated Outdoor Weathering Testing
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Accelerated Outdoor Weathering Testing
Principles, Challenges and Case StudiesAndy Francis – Marketing Director
Bill Tobin – Senior Technical Marketing SpecialistDave Duecker – Technical Marketing Specialist
Sean Fowler – Senior Technical Director
Q-Lab CorporationClick here to view the morning presentation.
Click here to view the afternoon presentation.
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HousekeepingYou’ll receive a follow-up email from [email protected] with links to a survey, registration for future webinars, and to download the slides
• Our ongoing webinar series can be found at: q-lab.com/webinarseries
• Our archived webinars are hosted at:q-lab.com/webinars
• Use the Q&A feature in Zoom to ask us questions today!
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What isAccelerated Outdoor Weathering?
… outdoor weathering using the sun as the source of
irradiance, and where the rate of deterioration is accelerated
by increasing one or more of the influencing parameters
above a level obtained in the natural environment.
From ASTM G113 “Standard Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
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Why Accelerated Outdoorvs. Laboratory?
Real world
conditions
are variable
Real world
conditions
are complex
Excellent balance
between speed
and realism
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Common forms of Acceleration in Outdoor Testing
• Increased Irradiance– Solar concentration and/or
tracking the sun
• Modified Temperature– Trapping/Adding heat or
Freezing periods
• Increased Moisture– Supplementary water spray
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Interior Materials Testing
AIM Box
TRUE-AIM Box
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Outdoor Tests for Interior Components
SpeedometerBezels
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Automotive Interior MaterialsAIM Box
• Reproduces extreme heat from
automotive interior
• Can test entire instrument panel
• Different plastics experience different
thermal expansion
• Generates differential stresses between
different interior plastics
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AIM Box Configurations
• Tempered clear or laminated glass
• Static 45° S or Tracking 51° S
• Over-temperature shade protection
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AIM Boxes
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TRUE-AIM Box
• TRUE (Tracking Reflecting Ultra Exposure) AIM box increases total solar radiation exposure
• Highly reflective mirrors and dual-axis tracking (azimuth and elevation) to focus more sunlight into the box interior.
• Approximately doubles total sunlight received by specimens.
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Natural Sunlight Concentrators
Fresnel ConcentratorSolar Concentrator
Q-TRAC
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Sunlight Concentrating Mirrors
Test specimens
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Mirrors Reflect Sunlight onto Specimens
Mirrors on average reflect 80% of solar UV radiation
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
Irradiance (W/m²/nm)
Wavelength (nm)
SummerSunlight
Q-TRACUV light
Summer Sunlight vs. Q-TRAC~5× UV Irradiance of Natural
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Following the Sun...
AfternoonNoonMorning
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Arizona Only
• Tracking is required for
concentration to work
• Doesn’t work when light
is diffuse (cloud cover)
• Doesn’t work in
inclement weather!
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×
Radiant Exposure
The accumulated light energy falling on a surface over a period of time, per unit area [usually MJ/m2]
Q-TRAC tests are measured in radiant exposure – higher during summer months than winter
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Q-TRAC Tests Are Usually Timed by Accumulated Radiant Dosage
Exposure Angle1 Year Florida Energy
(MJ/m2 TUV)
0˚ South 322
5˚ South 339
26˚ South 345
45˚ South 320
90˚ South 170
Q-TRAC delivers ~1400 MJ/m2 annually - ~5× a typical year in Florida*
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True or False?
5× the sunlightmeans
5× the degradation
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Q-TRAC Acceleration
• ~5 times more UV
• ~5 years Florida sunlight in 1 year
• However: Light intensity is only one stressor
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Q-TRAC Specimen Mounting
Air flow
Air duct
Air deflector Specimen• Flat Specimens
– Backed or unbacked
• Width < 14 cm (5.5 in)– Tests are charged by length
along target board
• Thickness < 2.5 cm (1 in)– All specimens should be similar thickness
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Q-TRAC Target Board
Cooling Air
Target board
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Outdoor accelerated testingTemperature Effects
High temperatures from both desert conditions and
concentrated irradiance
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Temperature Effect of Mounting
Open / Mesh
Plywood Backed
Black BoxNatural Sunlight Concentrator
Conventional Temp controlled
Black Panel (˚C) 50 70 80 100 70
White Panel (˚C) 40 50 60 80 50
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Q-TRAC Specimen Cooling
Air flows diagonally across specimens
Cooling Blower
Typical temperature is 20-30˚ Cabove conventional backed exposures
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Outdoor accelerated testingDaytime water delivery
• Daytime spray dries quickly, causes thermal shock
• Coatings do not absorbany water!
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Test Cycle
Daytime Nighttime
Spray
durationDry duration Cycles
Spray
durationDry duration Cycles
1“Spray 1”
8 min 52 min 1 / hr 8 min3 per night:
21:00, 00:00, 03:00
3“Spray 2”
none 3 min 12 min
4 per hour
(40 total)
19:00-05:00
Outdoor accelerated testingNighttime water delivery
• Frequent nighttime spray cycles = high Time of Wetness
• Increased water uptake of coatings – more realistic test
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ApplicationsNatural sunlight concentrator particularly useful for
durable, high-temperature materials
• Coil Coatings
• Powder Coatings
• Some Plastics
• Roofing
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Natural Sunlight Concentrator Cycles
Cycle Application Day Night
DesertPlastics, Coatings, Inks, Textiles, Building Materials
Sunlight only Ambient
Spray-1Plastics, Coatings, Sealants, Textiles, Building Materials
SunlightSpray 8 min/hr
8 min water3 times a night
Spray-2Plastics, Coatings, Sealants, Textiles, Building Materials
Sunlight only3 min water every 15 min(ToW like Florida)
Interior (behind glass)
Auto Interior, Textiles, Inks, Indoor Products
Sunlight only Ambient
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Q-TRAC Test Examples
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Q-TRAC Control Specimens
• 42 day Q-TRAC exposures
• Center panel is control
• High-performing coatings fromASTM D7869 study
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Single-Stage Paint
29 DaysDirect Exposure: 90 Days
42 Days
Q-TRAC Exposure
Control
Control
Control
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Single-Stage Paint
29 DaysDirect Exposure: 90 Days
42 Days
Q-TRAC Exposure
Control
Control
Control
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Wood Coating
29 Days106 MJ/m2
Direct Exposure: 90 Days
42 Days153 MJ/m2
Q-TRAC Exposure
Control
Control
Control
115 MJ/m2 TUVR
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Wood Coating
Freeze/thaw42 Days136 MJ/m2
Direct Exposure: 90 Days
42 Days153 MJ/m2
Q-TRAC Exposure
Control
Control
Control
115 MJ/m2 TUVR
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Single-Stage PaintBlack “A”
29 Days
Direct Exposure: 90 Days
42 Days
Q-TRAC Exposure
Control
ControlControl
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Single-Stage PaintBlack “B”
29 Days
Direct Exposure: 90 Days
42 Days
Q-TRAC Exposure
Control
ControlControl
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Q-TRAC Natural Sunlight Concentrator
• Fast Results
• Full-spectrum natural
sunlight
• High temperature
(temp control available)
• Multiple water spray cycles
available
• Nighttime Freezing option
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Thank you for your attention!
Questions?