accelerating e-learning interoperability introducing the cleo lab tyde richards ibm mindspan...
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Accelerating e-Learning Interoperability
Introducing the CLEO Lab
Tyde RichardsIBM Mindspan Solutions
Daniel R. RehakCarnegie Mellon University
Overview
e-Learning interoperabilityADL and the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM)Introducing the CLEO Labdiscussion
e-Learning interoperability?
About learners, learning, resources
Large blocks(systems: LMS to HR)
Small blocks(content: lesson to lesson)
DataModel
DataModel
Binding issuessyntax, protocol, API
exchange
Ability to construct the technology supporting Web-based learning from building blocks that can be easily integrated and reused
Growth of interest in the problem
1988 - early interest in aviation industry due to special circumstances (AICC)1996/97 - Web sparks general interest, many new players ARIADNE, IMS, ADL, IEEE LTSC
1998/present – collaboration, division of labor, and still more players Prometeus, ALIC, SC36, CLEO Lab
Many Initiatives, Many Differences
Geography U.S., Europe, Asia
Intended Learner Corporate, Military, Higher Ed, K12
Technical focus Meta-data, learning management,
simulation
Work products Research, specifications, profiles &
conformance, formal standards
Working together: the ideal
appliedresearch
specificationdevelopment
profiles &conformance
formalstandards
CLEO Lab IMS ADL IEEE LTSC
ISO JTC1SC36AICC
ADL and SCORM
ADL (U.S. Advanced Distributed Learning Initiative) Formed 1997 to accelerate e-Learning in U.S. Critical mass of vendor interest Recent international outreach
SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model) Compiles mature specifications from other initiatives Will be required for U.S. government procurements ADL will provide conformance testing software
Content StructureFormat
Derived fromAICC
Meta-datadictionaryFrom IEEE
Meta-dataXML BindingBest Practice
From IMS
Content toLMS API
From AICC
Content toLMS data
modelFrom AICC
CONTENT AGGREGATION MODEL
RUN-TIMEENVIRONMENT
The Components of the ADL SCORM
SCORM Runtime Communicationthe AICC API
APIAdaptor
FromLMS
HTML “wrapper” from LMS
Content
ProcessingAPI
Calls
Content in Browser LMS/Server
• Simple API• LMS Initialize()• LMSGet/SetValue(element) • LMSFinish()
• JavaScript calling conventions• API Adaptor is part of LMS
Internet
SCORM Content Aggregationbased on the AICC approach
Key insights from the AICC Make learning content in reusable units smaller than
course Aggregate content with a document that can be easily
changed
Initial SCORM improvements Use XML for for aggregation document Incorporate LOM for meta-data
Upcoming SCORM improvement Use IMS Content Packaging specification as framework Separates learning organization from resource
organization
Looking forwardAggregation using IMS Content Packaging
<manifest identifier="Course01" xmlns:adl=”http://www.adlnet.org”> <organization identifier="sample course"> <item identifier="sco1" resourceref="sco1Res">> <adl:SCORMdata>some data</adl:SCORMdata> <item identifier="sco1" resourceref="sco2Res"> <adl:SCORMdata>some data</adl:SCORMdata> </item> </item> </organization> <resources> <resource identifier="sco1Res" type="webcontent"> <metadata> sco1 metadata record </metadata> <file href="Course01\Lesson01\sco01.htm"/> </resource> <resource identifier="sco2Res" type="webcontent"> <metadata> sco2 metadata record </metadata> <file href="Course01\Lesson02\sco02.htm"/> </resource> </resources></manifest>
data to supporta learning style
resourcesfor activities
LOM recordfor resource
activities mapped to resources
learning activities
Example simplified
SCORM Meta-databased on IEEE LTSC LOM
Learning Object Metadata (LOM) Draft standard in IEEE LTSC Harmonizes work from IMS, ARIADNE (that built on DC work) Approximately 80 data elements organized by category
(general, lifecycle, metametadata, technical, educational rights, relation, annotation, classification)
SCORM usage Recommends LOM elements to describe three levels of
content granularity: course, sharable content object and raw media
Recommends XML binding developed by IMS and ARIADNE
Experience with SCORM to date
Positives Technical approach appears viable Significant endorsement from content and LMS
vendors
Challenges SCORM design center the conventional self-paced
course What about other approaches to learning?
With interoperability loose important capabilities found in proprietary approaches
User interface consistency across reusable components Rule-based control of learning activities
Introducing the CLEO LabCustomized Learning Experiences Online
Research collaboration on future SCORM capabilities with focus on learning experience customizationOrganized under aegis of IEEE ISTOParticipants - CISCO Systems, Click2Learn, IBM Mindspan Solutions, Microsoft Corporation, NETg, U.S. ADL InitiativeFunded research at Carnegie Mellon University and the Open University, U.K.Duration one year, may be extendedFindings to be contributed to initiatives developing open specifications in support of the ADL SCORM
The CLEO Lab approach
deliveryagent
content
services
datamodels
development
Learning scenarios drive interoperability requirements
scenario
e.g. sequencing
e.g. learner performance
e.g. reusable parts
e.g. rich media
e.g. platform
academic oversight
learning scenarios technical framework
CLEO Lab Deliverables
Framework and data models for learning content structure, sequencing, rendering and control used to create customized learning experiencesLearning model descriptionsTechnical findings from test bed activities
CLEO Lab Scenario Requirements
Define taxonomy of learning modelsAssume content samples from participantsUse conventional CBT as baseline “do it right”
Demonstrate generality with two additional models
Under discussion: collaboration, performance support, intelligent tutoring
Address additional models if collaboration continues past initial year
CLEO Lab Framework Requirements
For runtime, authoring, interoperabilitySupport different “Learning Models”A content structure representationModels for behavior and sequencingModels for rendering look and feelContent repositories with metadataContent to System communications
CLEO Lab “Speculations”
Models and frameworks for specificationsIntended to aide organizations developing open specifications to advance the ADL SCORMIdentified candidates
Content Structure Content Sequencing Content Presentation Content Variants
Content Structure Example
Generic Overview
Introduction
Importance
Objectives
Prerequisites
Scenario
Outline
Unordered
Any
Any
max items = 20
content structuredefined from reusable“strategy templates”
strategy templates
Overview IntroductionImportance
Objectives
Prerequisites
ScenarioOutline
ObjectiveObjective
Objective
Content PackagingXML “Manifest”
Overview IntroductionImportance
Objectives
Prerequisites Scenario
Outline
ObjectiveObjectiveObjective
Relation to W3C technologies
Appropriate forum to explore relevance of emerging W3C technologies to e-LearningContent formats and processing
XHTML, SMIL, SVG, MathML, XSLT
Meta-data Relation of LOM to RDF, Semantic Web
Data Models XML bindings assumed, evaluate supporting
technologies
Communication Current JavaScript API, exploring SOAP, XMLP
