acceleration
DESCRIPTION
Acceleration. Measuring motion. By Vinesh Vora Andrew Jaisingh. Acceleration. Acceleration = speeding up Acceleration – the rate at which velocity changes Can be an: Increase in speed Decrease in speed Change in direction. Types of acceleration. Increasing speed - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Acceleration
Measuring motion
By Vinesh VoraAndrew Jaisingh
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Acceleration
• Acceleration = speeding up
• Acceleration – the rate at which velocity changes– Can be an:• Increase in speed• Decrease in speed• Change in direction
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Types of acceleration
• Increasing speed– Example: Car speeds up at green light
• Decreasing speed– Example: Car slows down at stop light
• Changing Direction– Example: Car takes turn (can be at constant
speed)
screeeeech
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Question
• How can a car be accelerating if its speed is a constant 65 km/h?
• If it is changing directions it is accelerating
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Calculating Acceleration
• If an object is moving in a straight line
TimeSpeedInitialspeedFinalonAccelerati __
Units of acceleration:m/s2
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Calculating Acceleration
0 s 1 s 2 s 3 s 4 s
0 m/s 4 m/s 8 m/s 12 m/s 16 m/s
2/44
/0/16
__
sms
smsmTime
SpeedInitialSpeedFinalonAccelerati
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Question
• A skydiver accelerates from 20 m/s to 40 m/s in 2 seconds. What is the skydiver’s average acceleration?
2/102/20
2/20/40
__
smssm
ssmsm
TimespeedInitialspeedFinalAccel
2/102/20
2/20/40
__
smssm
ssmsm
TimespeedInitialspeedFinalAccel
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Graphing Acceleration
• Can use 2 kinds of graphs– Speed vs. time– Distance vs. time
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Graphing Acceleration:Speed vs. Time Graphs
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Time (s)
Spee
d (m
/s)
1) Speed is increasing with time = accelerating2) Line is straight = acceleration is constant
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Graphing Acceleration:Speed vs. Time Graphs
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Time (s)
Spee
d (m
/s)
1) In Speed vs. Time graphs:Acceleration = Rise/Run = 4 m/s ÷ 2 s = 2 m/s2
Run = 2 s
Rise = 4 m/s
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Graphing Acceleration:Distance vs. Time Graphs
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0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (s)
Dis
tanc
e (m
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1) On Distance vs. Time graphs a curved line means the object is accelerating.
2) Curved line also means your speed is increasing. Remember slope = speed.
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Area under a graph
• The area under a velocity-time graph shows the distance an object has traveled.
• In order to find the distance (m), multiply the velocity (m/s) by the time (s).• Area=(base)(height)
=(time)(velocity)=distance
• When the area under the velocity-time graph is a right triangle, the area is found using the equation.
• Area=1/2base X height
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Question:
• What is the total distance traveled by the bus during the first 10 seconds?
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Answer:• First, calculate the first 5 seconds, which is a right-triangle.
Area=1/2base X height=1/2(5m)(10m/s)
=25m• Next, calculate the last 5 seconds, which is a rectangle.
• Area=(base)(height)=(time)(velocity)
=(5s)(10m/s)=50m
• Last, add the two totals to get the entire area under the graph, which is your total distance.
• 25m+50m=75m
• Answer=75m
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Question
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Time (s)
Spee
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Above is a graph showing the speed of a car over time.1) How is the speed of the car changing (speeding up,
Slowing down, or staying the same)?2) What is this car’s acceleration?
1) The car is slowing down2) Acceleration = rise/run = -6m/s ÷3s = -2 m/s2
Run = 3 s
Rise = -6 m/s
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Question:
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0 1 2 3 4 5
Time (s)
Dis
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e (m
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1) Which line represents an object that is accelerating?
The black and red lines represent a objects that are accelerating. Black is going a greater distance each second, so it must be speeding up. Red is going less each second, so must be slowing down
Remember: in distance vs. time graphs: curved line = accelerating, flat line = constant speed
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Question: Hard one
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6Time (s)
Spee
d (m
/s)
Above is a graph showing the speed of a car over time.1)What would a distance vs. time graph for thislook like?
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time (s)
Dis
tanc
e (m
)
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Slopes of graphs reveal how objects move
Because the plane is moving at aconstant velocity, its acceleration is zero.
It is called non-uniform motion because the object’s speed or directionis changing.
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Form to use when accelerating object has an initial velocity
Form to use when accelerating object starts from rest
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hD0ineZXpcw
Video