Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

Accelerator R&Dand

Particle Physics at PSI

Lenny Rivkin, PSI & EPFL

European Laboratory for Particle Physics

Particle Accelerator Physics Laboratory

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

Accelerator R&D in Switzerland and Particle Physics at PSI

High intensity protons LHC and its upgrades: high energy frontier PSI cyclotron: neutron and muon sources High intensity/precision frontier experiments

Advanced Light Sources and e+e- colliders X-ray Free Electron Laser: PSI-XFEL Small emittance optimisation in storage rings (SLS)

Important synergies between CERN and PSI!

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

LHC Upgrades

Currently 12 EPFL doctoral students

Some examples: Beam beam interaction simulations (T. Pieloni) Smaller beam size at the IP (R. de Maria) Dipole first ‚D0‘ (G. Sterbini) Injector chain upgrade, SPS intensity limit (B.

Salvant) …

CERNDoctoralProgram!

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

Overview high power accelerators

beamave EIP

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

The proton accelerator

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

Handling of high power proton beams

PSI now @ 2.2 mA (1.3 MW on target)Permit for 2.4 mA, then for 2.6 mA

LHC design:collimators @ 0.5 MW!

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

High intensity/precision frontier

MEG (e)

UCN, nEDM

FAST

MuSun

Hydrogen Lamb shift

8

LFV in SM and SUSY

• While LFV is forbidden in SM, it is possible in SUSY

W-

ee-

e-0~

~e~

SM

604

4B 10R( )

W

em

m

SUSYBR( )e

4

5 2

SUS2

Y

2100 GeV

10 tanem

mm

≈ 10-12

Current experimental limit: BR( e ) < 10-11Current experimental limit: BR( e ) < 10-11

2~~em

9

“Accidental” Background

e

e

180º

→ e signal very clean

• Eg = Ee = 52.8 MeV

• e = 180º

• e and in time

e

e

e

e

Annihilationin flight

Background

Good energy resolutionGood spatial resolution

Excellent timing resolutionGood pile-up rejection

10

•First engineering run end of 2007

•Careful detector calibration May-August 2008

•Physics data taking started September 2008

•Achieved in 2008:

• 1013 in detector acceptance

• No result yet because of “blind analysis”

• Expect to improve the current limit of BR(e) = 1.2 x 10-11

•Plan for 2009: Double statistics, improve detector efficiencies

•Achieve BR(e) 10-13 by2011/2012

Status of the MEG experiment

acceleratorservice

2008

cooling water problem

1013 + in acceptance

s/108

11

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

High intensiry/precision frontier

MEG (e)

UCN, nEDM

FAST

MuSun

Hydrogen Lamb shift

UCN Source at PSIUCN = Ultra Cold Neutrons

Latest news:UCN tank delivered at PSI on September 4th, 2008

p-beam 1.2 MW1% duty cycle

3.6 m2 D2O

30 liters, 5Ksolid D2

2m3 vacuumUCN storage

ucn.web.psi.ch

p-beam 1.2 MW1% duty cycle

3.6 m2 D2O

30 liters, 5Ksolid D2

2m3 vacuumUCN storage

ucn.web.psi.ch

• Source commissioning starts in fall 2009

• Will deliver several 109 UCN every ~400-800 s

• ~1000 cm-3 UCN in typical experiments

(today this is ~10 cm-3 at ILL Grenoble)

UCN Source at PSIUCN = Ultra Cold Neutrons

Neutron EDM SearchP, T CP

+_

+_

Neutron EDM violates parity P and

time reversal invariance T

Use UCN for an improved

Neutron EDM SearchP, T CP

• Present best limit: dn < 2.9 x 10-26 e cm

Sussex-RAL-ILL collaboration C. A. Baker et al., PRL 97 (2006) 131801

• nEDM collaboration

15 groups, 50 people

• Move from ILL to PSI March 2009

• Data taking at PSI 2010 – 2011 (Phase II)Sensitivity goal: 5x10-27ecm

• New n2EDM operational 2011/12

• Operation of new n2EDM apparatus 2012 – 2015 (Phase III)Sensitivity goal: 5x10-28ecm

Strategy: Experiment with UCN in vacuum and apparatus at ambient temperature. Use double UCN chamber, co-magnetometry and multiple external magnetometers. nedm.web.psi.ch

The Neutron EDM CollaborationM. Burghoff, S. Knappe-Grüneberg,

T. Sander-Thoemmes, A. Schnabel, L. Trahms

G. Ban, Th. Lefort, O. Naviliat-Cuncic, E. Pierre1, G. Rogel2

K. Bodek, St. Kistryn, M. Kuzniak1, J. Zejma

A. Kozela

N. Khomutov

M. Cvijovic, P. Knowles, A.S. Pazgalev, A. Weis

P. Fierlinger, M. Horras1, F. Kuchler

N.N.

G. Quéméner, D. Rebreyend, S. Roccia

G. Bison

N. Severijns, N.N.

N. du Fresne von Hohenesche, G. Hampel, J.V. Kratz,

T. Lauer, C. Plonka-Spehr, N. Wiehl

W. Heil, Yu. Sobolev3

I. Altarev, E. Gutsmiedl, S. Paul, R. Stoepler

M. Daum, R. Henneck, K. Kirch, A. Knecht4, B. Lauss,

A. Mtchedlishvili, G. Petzoldt, G. Zsigmond

Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin

Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire, Caen

Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Cracow

Henryk Niedwodniczanski Inst. for Nucl. Physics, Cracow

Joint Institute of Nuclear Reasearch, Dubna

Département de physique, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg

Excellence Cluster Universe, Garching

Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble

Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Grenoble

Biomagnetisches Zentrum, Jena

Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven

Inst. für Kernchemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz

Inst. für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz

Technische Universität, München

Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

High intensity/precision frontier

MEG (e)

UCN, nEDM

FAST

MuSun

Hydrogen Lamb shift

March 5,2009 RECFA, K. Deiters

Muon Lifetime Measurement with FAST

Increase the event sample by a factor 100 and reduce the systematics by a factor 10 compared to earlier measurements.This requires a precise measurement of few x1011 μ+ decays over several periods (Imaging , parallel acquisition, high rate)

FAST aims for a 2ppm (4 ps) measurement of the μ+ lifetime to determine the Fermi constant GF to 1ppm

1. A continuous + beam (M1) is stopped in a highly granular fast imaging target.

2. The full e chain is identified by FPGA logic and the time of particles is measured.

3. DAQ data flow of 80 MBytes/s requires online analysis.

4. Remote operation of the detector, group of only about 10 act. members.

March 5,2009 RECFA, K. Deiters

Results and Outlook

2006 – 2007 Commissioning

1010 events taken

Physics Letters B 663 (2008) 172–180

2008 Data Taking

3 x 1011 events taken in 140 days

Very preliminary:

() = 3.2 ppm (stat) (GF) = 1.6 ppm

2009 last year of data taking:

Runs to study systematics

Additional data set of 3 x 1011 events to finish the 1ppm measurement

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

High intensity/precision frontier

MEG (e)

UCN, nEDM

FAST

MuSun

Hydrogen Lamb shift

the MuSun experiment at PSI (Urbana-Gatchina-PSI-Lexington-Boston-Louvain

collaboration)

μ + d n + n + νμ

model-independent connection via effective field model-independent connection via effective field theoriestheories

a precise measurement of the μd-capture rate

calibrates thecalibrates the basic solar fusion reaction p + p d + e+ +

and important neutrino reactions + d p + p + e- / p + n +

cut-out view of the MuSun detector:

measures the μ e lifetime of each stopping muon

PC

SC

ePC2

ePC1

eSC

Cryo-TPC

e-

μ

the 30K Cryo-TPC

(l=15cm, h=10cm - in construction at Gatchina)

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

High intensity/precision frontier

MEG (e)

UCN, nEDM

FAST

MuSun

Hydrogen Lamb shift

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

Proton Cyclotron1980 - 1990

Synchrotron Light Source1990 - 2000

PSI-XFEL2005 -2016

Accelerators R&D at PSI

Second generation X-ray laser

Innovative concept for a compact X-ray laser

Small emittance High gradient acceleration (DC, RF) Lower current beam Lower electron energy, shorter linac Shorter undulator period

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

European XFELDESY 2013

1 km

JapanSCSS – SPring8 2010

X-FEL facilities

USALCLS – SLAC 2009

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

Small emittance gun R&DTests of field emission, high „DC“ accelerating gradient based source

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

First results with low emittance demonstration R&D

Laser Photo-Field Emission from Needle Cathodes for Low Emittance Electron Beams, R. Ganter et. al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 064801 (2008)

http://fel.web.psi.ch

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

Construction of 250 MeV injector

loading arealaserhutch

controlroom

klystron area

controls

gun linac bunch compressor

beamdump

70 m

20 m

60 m

4 m

PSI – XFELLayout

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

CLIC @ 12 GHz: synergies with PSI-

XFEL

CLIC 100 MeV/m accelerating structures development needs stand alone klystron source:ordered 1 from SLAC

PSI – XFEL also needs such sourcesordered 2 from SLAC

Testing is done at SLAC and KEKfor now… two beam test standat the CTF3 test facility at CERN

PSI/EPFL contributions to CTF3

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

Stable small emittance beams in rings

Constant thermal load on:• Beam line optics• Accelerator components (BPMs, vacuum chamber…)

Tunnel Temperature [0C] 25 ± 0.03

average Temperatures

of the 5 Sectors

25.4

25.3

25.2

25.1

25.0

24.9

24.8

24.7

1 day

0.050average Temperatures

of the 5 Sectors

σx

Beamsizes σx σy [µm]

σx

σy

1 day

Vertical emittance y 4 pm-rad; coupling y/x ~ 0.08%

1

m

Accelerators R&D and Particle Physics at PSI, March’09, L. Rivkin, PSI&EPFL

Damping Rings beam emittances

30

ATFachieved

ILC

ATFDesign

SLC

CLIC DRdesign

CLIC 500 GeVCLIC

3 TeV SLS

NSLS IIscaled

0.001

0.010

0.100

1.000

10.000

0.1 1 10 100

Horizontal Emittance (rad-m)

Ve

rtic

al E

mit

tan

ce

(

rad

-m)

CMS Barrel Pixel SystemPSI / Uni ZH / ETHZ / Uni BS */ HEPHY

Pixel Module

(65mm x 22mm) ~ 65’000 pixel

3 Layers: r = 4, 7, 11 cm

3D precision tracking points

Measure impact parameter

from b, c, t – particles decays

Track seeding in CMS

Development of :• ROC, Bumpbonding & Module (PSI) • Sensor (PSI, Uni BS, Uni ZH) • Readout Chain & Module Testing (ETHZ) • Mechanics & Supply Tube (Uni. ZH)• VME - FED module (HEPHY, Vienna)

PSI Pixel Detector for the CMS Experiment@CERN

Installation into CMS 24.July 08

Pixel modules mounted onto C-fibre mechanics

768 pixel modules3 cylindrical layers 48 Mega pixel

Pixel Detector successfully installed and integrated in the center of CMS taking cosmics 25. July 08

Pixel modules designed for continous data rates of 40 Mega frames /sec LHC Physics

CMS Cosmic Run

Nov 2008 CRAFT Run

Cosmic Run of whole CMS with 3.8T magnetic field gives about 77k cosmic tracks in Pixel Detector

• Pixel Detector works well• Alignment of pixel detector• Test & understand detector

CMS Pixel Spin-Off : Pilatus X-ray Pixel Detector

• X-ray counting digital pixel detector for synchrotron applications

• Digital X-ray film fast, direct, distortion free electronic readout

• Spin off development ( 1997 ) from CMS Pixel Detector

80mm 36 mm

BESSY Innovation Price 2007

Ch. Brönnimann, SLSE. Eikenberry, SLS

R. Horisberger, TEM

Spin off companyDECTRIS 2007

2009 ~ 15 employees

Delivers advances pixel x-ray detectors to all major synchrotron labs in world

1.2.2007

Cancer treatment with proton beam

TUMOR CONTROL 95%(Brain-, head and neck-, spine- tumors, pelvis sarcoma)Patients every 25 – 30 min 420Children under anesthesia 40

EYE MELANOMA 98%Patients treated 5000

SB / IPEP / LPAP - Laboratory for Particle Accelerator Physics

COME VISIT PSI!