Enhancement of in situ aerosolinstrumentation within ACTRIS

Urs Baltensperger and the ACTRIS consortiumLaboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry

Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

ACCENT-Plus SymposiumUrbino, I, 17-20 September, 2013

Objectives of ACTRISAerosols, Clouds, and Trace gases Research Infrastructure Network

• To provide long-term observational data relevant to climate and air quality research on the regional scale produced with standardized or comparable procedures

• to support trans-national access to large infrastructures and access to high-quality information and services for the user communities

• To develop new integration tools to fully exploit the use of multiple atmospheric techniques at ground-based stations

• To enhance training of new scientists and new users• To promote development of new technologies for atmospheric

observation of aerosols, clouds and trace gases through close partnership with EU SMEs

Components and sites of ACTRIS

• In situ aerosol• In situ gas phase• Remote sensing aerosol • Remote sensing clouds

Work packages contributing to in situ aersol measurements

Two work packages contributing to aerosol in situ measurements:•Networking Activity: In-situ chemical, physical and optical properties of aerosols•Joint Research Activity: Comprehensive gas phase and aerosol chemistry

Builds on previous EU projects (CREATE, EUSAAR)

ACTRIS has adopted a wide number of the aerosol variables recommended by GAW

Variable: ACTRIS lead:- Multiwavelength optical depth: Calibration service- Mass in two size fractions- Major chemical components in two size fractions: Instrumentation assessment

OC/EC, Organic tracers, carbon balance

- Scattering and hemispheric backscattering coefficient at various wavelengths: Intercomparison- Absorption coefficient: Intercomparison - Aerosol number concentration: Intercomparison - Cloud condensation nuclei (at various supersaturations): SOP development- Aerosol size distribution Intercomparison- Detailed size fractionated chemical composition- Dependence on relative humidity- Vertical distribution of aerosol properties (LIDAR): Instruments, algorithms,…

Size distribution measurements: Several intercomparisons in the last decade,

much progress but still large discrepancies at small diameters

Wiedensohler et al., AMT 2012

Atmospheric background conditions can profitably be studied by means of continuous monitoring activities at High Mountain Stations

that provide unique opportunities to detect and analyses global change processes also through the observations of SLCF

Black carbon and ozone are SLCF, short-lived climate forcer: they only stay in the atmosphere for a few days to weeks.

The ABC pollution in Himalaya seen from the NCO-P at 5079 m asl in April 2009Both sites are close to

polluted areas characterized by presence

of Atmospheric Brown Clouds

Ozone @ Mt. Cimone

Photos P.Bonasoni

The Po Valley (Italy) seen from Mt. Cimone GAW station during a polluted summer day in the Summer 2006

Black carbon @

NCO-PNCO-PMTCMTC

Ozone @ NCO-P

Black carbon and Ozone are continuously monitored at the high mountain GAW-WMO Global stations of

Monte Cimone Monte Cimone (2165 m) (2165 m) Italian Northern Apennines

and Nepal Climate Nepal Climate Observatory @ Pyramid Observatory @ Pyramid (5079 m)(5079 m)

Southern Himalaya.

ACTRIS has strong connection to EMEP Example 2012 Campaign:

Mineral dust

EMEP Report 4/2013

14 EMEP / ACTRIS sites

PM10 - Low volume sampling

Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE)

12

1

234

5

6

7

89

10

11

1413

See talk by Wenche Aas

EMEP 2012 Campaign:Saharan dust outbreaks,

links to models

EMEP Report 4/2013

Continuous on-line chemistry measurements with the ACSM

Old version: Quadrupol MS New version: ToF MS

Stations of the ACSM network

Many additional stations besides the original 6 stations great mobilization of additional resources

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Finokalia, CreteLong-term measurements of optical properties

ACSM measurements summer 2012

1 year ACSM at Cabauw, Netherlands

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Date and time

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Mass Concentration HR-ToF-AMS

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R2=0.87

m=1.32

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Mass Concentration HR-ToF-AMS

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R2=0.72

m=0.92

Good correlation, SO4 factor 2 lower

Comparison ACSM and ToF-AMS

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Average chemical composition at different sites

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Average chemical composition at different sites (2)

One-year data set of the ToF-ACSM from the Jungfraujoch

Fröhlich et al., in prep.

First source apportionment with positive matrix factorization

Fröhlich et al., in prep.

Using a standardized PMF tool developed at PSI (Canonaco et al., AMTD 2013)

Provision of ground based aerosol in situ data within ACTRIS

Yearly reporting deadline 2012 data: 31. July 2013, following EMEP deadlines

24 sites from 15 European countries have reported QA aerosol in situ data since start of ACTRIS

All data are available from

http://ebas.nilu.no

See also Posters by Ann Mari Fjaeraa

Trend analysis: a crown jewel of data usage

Collaud Coen et al., ACP 2013 Asmi et al., ACP 2013

While only a few sites were available with a least a 10-year data record here, many more sites are expected to be involved in the next analysis, thanks to ACTRIS (and other initiatives within the Global Atmosphere Watch Program)

The ACTRIS Roadmap 2011-2020

Conclusions

• ACTRIS has continued/enhanced the success of previous EU FP programes like CREATE, EUSAAR, EARLINET

• ACTRIS has a central role on data harmonization not only in Europe but globally

• ACTRIS has pushed forward a number of innovative instrumental developments from which the whole world profits

• ACTRIS does not only create a data repository, but is also actively involved in dissemination / usage of the data

• It is important to get ACTRIS on the European Research Infrastructure map

Thank you very much for your attention !

Spatial variability of aerosols

Mix

ing

ratio

(p

pm)

Concentrations and trends of aerosol much more variable than e.g. of CO2

Components and sites of ACTRIS

In situ aerosolIn situ gas phaseRemote sensing aerosol Remote sensing clouds

Data availability of ACSM network

Long-term measurements of chemical composition with the TOF-ACSM

Fröhlich et al., AMTD 2013

Clearly better than the Q-ACSM

Saharan dust - NAOi

• NAO affects frequency of Saharan dust intrusions over Iberian Peninsula

•Correlation improves with proximity to Atlantic Ocean

•If NAO extremely positive or negative, effects felt across the Peninsula

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NAOi

North South Central East North East

R2=0.73

R2=0.54

R2=0.42

R2=0.40

R2=0.35

Cusack, M et al. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12, 8341-8357, 2012

2002-2010

Trends of aerosol components:Montseny 2002-2010

Cusack, M et al. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 12, 8341-8357, 2012

1086420

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Sulphate V

OC Ammonium

Nitrate

Sn Cu

Pb Sb

Gradual replacement of fuel-oil with natural gas for power generation

Meteorology + pollution abatement strategies

Sharp reduction since 2008: economic recession + meteo

EMEP 2012 Campaign:Mineral dust

EMEP Report 4/2013

(µg/m3)

14 EMEP / ACTRIS sites

Low volume sampling

Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE)

Mineral load: obtained by the addition of the SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 concentrations, and the dust contribution of Na2O, K2O, CaO and MgO after the subtraction of their marine contribution from the bulk concentrations

Distribution of sites

05.10.09

+Armenia

Corinne Hörger, Stefan Reimann

Total observed organic carbon (TOOC)-concept

Part of ACTRIS WP 2.2

WANTED:

Data from different stations (same time period)

Gaseous substances (VOC, OVOC, monoterpenes)Particulate organic substances

Data from Hohenpeissenberg

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aromatics

MVK+Methacrolein

isoprene

monoterpenes

formaldehyde

acetaldahyde

ethanol

methanol

acetone

butane

propane

ethane

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Data from DWD HPB and EmpaCorinne Hörger, Stefan Reimann