accent reduction in practice -...
TRANSCRIPT
Accent Reduction in Practice
Carla Adelgren
STRESS syllable or word
Emphasis-longer, louder, higher pitch
INTONATIONUp and down tones
Semantic/attitudinal meaning
RHYTHMAlternate between
stressed/unstressed syllablesSyllable-timeStress-timed
Suprasegmental Phonology
From Dramatically Speaking
Silver pin
hitquitsitbit
Blue moon
soontwofoodtrue
White tie
piemytrykitehigh
Purple shirt
workhurtsirfurbird
Red dress
headsmellfellfedsaid
A cup of mustard
thepuddlefloodshut
Turquoise toy
boycoin
Black cat
backapplesadplaid
Color Word Wall
-ed ending poem
-s ending poem
Spelling patterns and rhyming words
Fox in Socks by Dr. Seuss
Spelling patterns and rhyming words
rainwaittrainmailpaidpaintbraid
cakesafefacenamegavetapestatelake
daypayraywaysaymayplayspray
weighneighborfreight
Nonexamples:Love, give, again,said
Word Stress
From Dramatically Speaking
From Dramatically Speaking
From Dramatically Speaking
From Dramatically Speaking
Arrange cards to make words.
geo
thought
use
bio
logy
speech
ra ful
tion na
less
un welln
t
e
Word StressCompound Nouns
• deadline• lifestyle• traffic jam• airport• laptop• Blackbird vs. black bird• hamburger• air conditioner• baseball player
Compound Adverbs of Location
• outdoors• southwest• downtown• outside• upstairs• northwest
Word StressPhrases with
two-noun compounds
Adjective vs. noun phrase
five days vs. week daysfree call vs. phone callspare keys vs. house keyshard work vs. team work
main course-golf course dark glasses-sunglasses large dryer-hair dryer strong medicine-cough medicine new office-post office big rooms-bedrooms dishwasher washing machine parking lot security gate
Word Stress
Stress in numbers
gate 40 gate 14bus 30 bus 1312:50 12:15$30 $13
I think 30 people will be coming.I think 13 people will be coming.
Two-Syllable Verb/Noun Pairs
conduct contractrecord subjectproduce objectpermit projectpresent
Word Stress
Two-Word Phrasal Verbs
handout hand outtakeout take outripoff rip offworkout work outlookout look outlayoff lay off
Abbreviations and Symbols
LA YMCA BYOB CDIQ ASAP OBO MAWHO EU CO2 FYIH2O RSVP GPA PGATM VIP CPA PCHR CPR CEO DVD HMO TGIF
Cuisenaire Rods
ex plo sion
You broke the blue desk lamp.
ThoughtGroups
ShortSentences
Clauses Phrases
Transitions Interjections
I ran 2 miles yesterday. / I’m really sore today.short sentences
When you come to class with chocolate, / please share with the class. clause
I only like my coffee black / without cream or sugar.phrase
However, / I don’t think it will rain tomorrow. transition
Yes, / I need to go home now. interjection
Focus Words
ContentWords
NounsVerbs
Not auxiliary
Adjectives
AdverbsNegatives
Wh- words
Demonstratives
Interjections
Function Words
Articles
Conjunctions
PrepositionsPronouns
Auxiliary Verbs
Whales
A: What’s the biggest animal in the world?
B: Do you mean the longest, or the heaviest?
A: I don’t know. The heaviest.
B: I think it’s the gray whale.
A: I was under the impression that it was the blue whale.
Use special or marked focus words:
to highlight contrasts•I have some good news / and some bad news.•He’s happy, / but I’m not.
to correct or modify a previous statement
A: The activity starts at twelve-thirty.B: Actually, I heard is starts at one-thirty.
to highlight new informationA: What’s your favorite dessert?B: Probably ice cream.A: But what kind of ice cream?B: Oh, definitely chocolate ice cream.
to emphasize agreementA: This lecture is boring.B: It is boring.
Focus Word Games● One person from each team goes to board. The teacher reads
a sentence. The first person to write the focus word on the board wins a point for their team.
● Working in pairs, one person reads a sentence and the partner writes the stressed word.
RhythmI need to see you now. (syllable-timed)
You broke the blue desk lamp? (stress-timed)
You broke the blue desk lamp?
You broke the blue desk lamp?
You broke the blue desk lamp?
Stress-timed Rhythm
The boy is running with his dog.
Make word cards which comprise complete sentences. Distribute word cards to students (1 word per student). Students stand in order of correct syntax and read their word:
Stressed beat-stand and say word loudly and clearlyUnstressed beat-sit and say word quickly and softly.
3 beats=boy+running+dog
LOUD AND BIG
between beats=the+is+with his
quiet and small
ReductionsI’m going to I’m gonna
I want to I wanna
You have to Ya hafta
What are you doing? Whatcha doing?
Let me Lemme
Tell him Tellim
Ask her Asker
That’s her name That ‘ser name
Do you want to? Juh wanna?
Final t or d = ch t+y=ch What you...whatcha
d+y=j had you...hadja
Him, her, his, hers often drop “h” when not beginning of sentence or focus word
Like him...like’imIt’s her...it’s’er
LinkingI have an orange. I have a norange If the sound before the
vowel that starts the next word is a x consonant, link the consonant to the vowel.
I have three oranges. I have three yoranges. If the sound before the vowel that starts the word is “a”, “e”, or “i”, link the two vowels with a “y”.
I have two oranges. I have two woranges. If the sound before the vowel that starts the word is “o”or “u”, link the two vowels with a “w”.
A worm ate into four apples.
I study English day and night.
Do you want to go out or what?
*You can’t link schwa sound
I want a banana and an orange
wannaw
Blending Kiss Sam kissSam
Bluff first blufffirst
Dumb monkey dumbmonkey
Tail light taillight
Need dinner nee’dinner
Drop pennies dro’pennies
Don’t watch don’watch
Didn’t do didn’do
Art class ar’class
Hop down ho’down
Puppet Show/Skit
Pair students off and give each pair a dialogue script. Have them analyze and mark up the script for:
● Multisyllable words● Thought groups● Sentence stress/content words● Focus words● Reductions/linking/blending
Marking the script
A: Please don’t talk during the test, or I’ll have to assume that you’re cheating.
B: Oh, I wasn’t cheating. I was just answering a classmate’s question.
A: Well, you’re not allowed to help other students cheat, either.
B: Are you sure? I thought that helping other students cheat was allowed.
Marking the script
A: Please don’t talk during the test,/ or I’ll have to assume that you’re cheating.
B: Oh,/ I wasn’t cheating./ I was just answering a classmate’s question.
A: Well,/ you’re not allowed to help other students cheat,/ either.
B: Are you sure?/ I thought that helping other students cheat was allowed.
hafta
Intonation
SEMANTICMEANING
ATTITUDINALMEANING
QuestionLack of certaintySeeking confirmation
Intonation
A: Could you pass me the salt, please?B: Sorry?A: The salt. Could you pass me the salt?B: Sorry, I couldn’t hear you. It’s so noisy . Here you go.A: Thanks.
Intonation
I have something to tell you.
Happy and excited
Sad and worried
Nervous and worried
Intonation
Yes/no question Wh- question
Did you remember to buy the milk?
Where did you buy that?
Review
Theory
● Phonetics and Phonology● Language Acquisition● Standard American
English● General American Spanish
Practice
● Accent Reduction as a Concept
● Specific Problems● Teaching Methods
and Materials
ResourcesThe American Accent Guide Beverly A. Lujan MS
Mastering the American Accent Lisa Mojsin, M.A.
How the ELL Brain Learns Dave A. Sousa
Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages: An Introduction
David Nunan
Accent Reduction Manual and Supplements
http://inlingua-if.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Accent-Reduction-Manual-and-Supplements-Complete-Kit-2017.pdf
Dramatically Speaking University of Utah English Language Institute