EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010AccessEAP:FoundationsAnswerKeySueArgentandOlwynAlexander2010GarnetPublishingLtd

Unit1Lesson1Task1Chen/China/ComputerScienceBSc/Year1Guy/UK/InternationalBusinessBA/Year2Maysoun/Syria/EnvironmentalStudies/postgraduatemastersTask22.1Chenspokefirst,togettoknowotherstudents/tobepoliteandsociable/tomaximizeopportunitiestouseEnglish.2.2Maysounisprobablytheoldest:sheisapostgraduate/isalreadymarried/hasachild.Guyisprobablynext:olderthanChenbecauseheisinhissecondyear,whileChenisinhisfirstyear.Task3MaysounandGuy(E)Chen(P)Chen(E)Maysoun(P)Maysoun(E)Guy(P)Guy(E)Task4Maysounpurposes:tolearnEnglishforuniversitystudies;tolearnaboutenvironmentalissuesindevelopingcountriesexpectations:Mymasterswillinvolvelotsofreading.Chenpurposes:tolearnEnglishforuniversitystudies;sothatIcangetagoodjobwithahighsalaryexpectations:ThereisnotmuchwritinginaComputerSciencecourse.Guypurposes:inordertogetajobwhereIcantravelandmeetpeopleexpectations:IwillhavetowritemuchlongertextsthanIdidatschool.Therewillbestudentsfrommanydifferentcountriesonmycoursethisyear.Task5ChensexpectationthatThereisnotmuchwritinginaComputerSciencecourseislikelytobewrong.ComputerSciencestudentshavetowritereportsonall

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010aspectsoftheirwork.Often,theyhavetostudysubjectsthatrequireextensivewriting,suchasManagement.Task66.1Chen:ImstudyingComputerSciencesothatIcangetagoodjobwithahighsalary.Maysoun:Ichosethiscoursetolearnaboutenvironmentalissuesindevelopingcountries.Guy:ImstudyingInternationalBusinessinordertogetajobwhereIcantravelandmeetinterestingpeople.6.2nouns:ComputerScience;course;aBSc;aBA;business;amasters;coursework;texts;asalary;issues;countriesverbs:involve;learnaboutadjectives:international;environmental;high;developing6.3ahighbInternationalcissuedsubjectsedevelopingfaboutTask7openTask8openLesson2Task11.1&1.2adiscuss/discussed/discussionbstudy/study/studiescexpect/expects/expectationdchoose/choose/choiceeintroduction/introduce/introductionTask2a2b5c6d7e1f4g3Task3

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010atolearnEnglishforuniversitystudiesbsothathecangetagoodjobwithahighsalaryctolearnaboutenvironmentalissuesindevelopingcountriesdinordertogetajobwherehecantravelandmeetpeopleesothattheycanlearnfromeachotherTask4helpwithstudy;health;sociallife Task5asothatstudentscangettoknoweachotherandjoinuniversityclubsbinordertopractisethelanguagestheywanttolearnctoshowstudentswhattodoandwheretogoiftheyhavehealthproblemsdsothatyoucangethelpifneededTask66.1ChenwantstolearnaboutSummerford6.2GuywantstolearnChineseTask7to(2);inorderto(1);sothat(4)Task8asystembproblemsceventsdpractiseTask9openLesson3Task1bquickly,inordertofindoutifherapplicationwassuccessfulTask2Yes:confirmationofaplacetostudyatGatewayUniversityhasbeenofferedandhasbeenacceptedTask3aThepartsinboldfocusattentiononthekeyinformation.bMaysounhastoproveshehasanacceptablelevelofEnglish.cSandraRose,thePostgraduateAdmissionsOfficerd17thSeptember(onedaybeforethestartdate)eShehastobringherdegreecertificateandpayherfees.Task4

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010ShedidnotstudyinEnglishand,atthattime,didnothaveanacceptablelanguagequalification.WeknowthisbecausesheisnowdoingapresessionalEnglish(EAP)course.Task55.1&5.2Youhavetopayyourfeeswhenyouregister.Youhavetobringyourdegreecertificatetoregistration.YouhavetohaveanacceptablelevelofEnglish.Task66.1&6.2aapplication/applied/applicationbsuccessful/successful/succeedcconfirmation/confirmed/confirmationdconditional/conditional/conditioneacceptable/accepted/acceptablefability/abilityLesson4Task1Familyname:SALEHOthernames:MAYSOUNTitle:MrsSex:female[fromtitle]Maritalstatus:married[fromtitle]Dateofbirth: [notknown]Countryofbirth:Syria[possibly]Nameofdegree:ENVIRONMENTALSCIENCETypeofdegree:bycourse[possibly]Modeofstudy:fulltimeEntrydate:17thSeptember2009ProofofEnglishability:MaysouncouldwritethatshehasappliedtostudyEnglishonthepresessionalcourse.Task22.1TheunknowninformationisshowninsquarebracketsintheanswerstoTask1.2.2Title,maritalstatusandmodeofstudycanallbeguessedfromthechoicesgivenontheform.Task33.1applied/applicant/application/applicable3.2aideabpersoncdoingTask4

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010b1nounc2verbd3adjectivee1verbf2verbg3verbTask5openTask6acompletebdetailscon,distancedqualificationsLesson5Task1openTask21,3,6,7Task33.1&3.2Student1:tosolveproblemsandchallenges(1/6);sothatmyparentscanbeproudofmyachievements(3)Student2:togivemeastepforwardandtogaintherighttoolsandskillsneededtosucceedacademicallyandprofessionally(7);toshowmethewaytohelpmycountryandtheindustryinmycountrytodevelop(1/6)Student3:tobroadenmyviewoftheworld(7);toimprovemyEnglishenoughtogivemegoodpositioninaninternationalcompanythatpayshighsalaries(7);inordertousemymathematicalskillsfully(1);tohelpmycountrytodevelopasaglobaleconomy(6)Task4PossibleanswersStudent1:Iwonfirstprizeinmycollegeengineeringcompetitionlastyear;tosolveproblemsandchallenges(butcouldbemorespecific)Student2:therightskillsneededtosucceedacademicallyandprofessionally(butcouldbemorespecific);helpmycountryandtheindustryinmycountrytodevelop(butcouldbemorespecific)

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Student3:improveEnglish;agoodpositioninaninternationalcompany;usemathematicalskillsfully.Also,Student3linksUKfriendstohelpingtodevelopglobaleconomyStudent3stextisprobablythemostspecificintermsofpurposes.Task5a2b5c4d7Note:Examples1and6arefairlyspecific,buttheyarenotrelevanttothepurposes.Example3ismuchtoogeneral.

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Unit2Lesson1StudysmartCircle3Task1a7or5b6c4or9d8e2f9or4g5or7h1Task2Possibleanswers2.1Thenewstudentsarenotgivinghimtimetoreply.Theyareanxioustofindwheretheyhavetogo/worriedaboutgettingtoclasses.2.2Theycouldbeputintosubjectgroupsandgoaroundtogether.Theywouldlearnmorelocationsandmakefriendsatthesametime.(sharedexperience)Task3position:inthenorthof;nextto;betweenand;intheeastof;behind;onSouthAvenue;nearest;ontheright;thetopfloor;thegroundfloor;infrontof;oppositeN.B.through=movement,butshowspositionindirectlycampuslocations:athreestoreybuilding;acomplex;labs(laboratories);thelibrary;adepartment;alecturetheatre;aworkshop;theCivilEngineeringInstitute;asite;thebusstopTask4 4.1asouth/northbbehind/betweencdeast/northeground/topfleft/right(ifheisfacingthesquare)ginfrontofalineof/surroundedbyhbehind/infrontofibehind/oppositejbehind/betweenkround/through(youcanalsowalkround,butyoudonthaveto)lTask5aThereare/front

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010bThereis/nextcThereis/indThereis/northeThereare/infThereare/westgThereis/inhThereare/toTask6openTask7openHomeworkPossibleanswers/notesAlanTuringwasapioneerinComputerScienceandisprobablybestknownforinventingtheTuringTest,designedtodistinguishtheresponsesofarealpersonfromthoseofacomputer.AmartyaSenisaNobelPrizewinningeconomist,bestknownforhisresearchontheeffectsofglobalizationonthepoor.RachelCarsonwasanearlyenvironmentalistwhowarnedabouttheeffectsofpollutionandwroteinfluentialbookswhichreallystartedpeoplethinkingaboutenvironmentalissues.Lesson2Task1aTheGeologydepartment/PetroleumEngineering/EnvironmentalSciencebTheAlanTuringlaboratories/thetopfloorcThebusstop/theStudentUniondTheLibrary/theStudentUnioneTheHealthCentre/theAdminBuilding/theFoodCourtftheAmartyaSenLectureTheatre/thelibrarygTheMainEntrance/WestAvenueTask2annbnncadjndnneadjnfnngnnhnnTask33.1aonbround

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010coppositedalongeonftowardsgbehindhto3.2position:on;opposite;behindmovement:round;along;towards;toTask4PossibleanswersChen(ComputerScience):aasoundwavedaplanninggridhatreediagramkchaincodeGuy(InternationalBusiness)daplanninggridfasupermarketchaingamanagementnetworkhatreediagramjapeakpriceMaysoun(EnvironmentalStudies):bafoodchaincarivernetworkewavepowerhatreediagramiawatercyclelafamilytreeNoticethatallthreedisciplinesarelikelytousetreediagrams,astheyrepresenthierarchies,e.g.,indecisionmaking.Task5a3b2c5d4e3f6g5h5i2j7k1l5

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task6openLesson3Task1Email1MaysounEmail2DrCharlesEmail3MaysounEmail4DrCharlesTask22.1ameeting2.2a3b4c1d2Task3PossibleanswersaonthepostgraduatenoticeboardonherdepartmentwebsitebbecauseshecantdrivebackfromtheschoolquicklyenoughtogettothemeetingcafolderandanIDbadgedbygoingherselfandbyaskingpeopleebycheckingherofficehoursonthewebsiteorofficedoorTask4Possibleanswersabycheckingherdepartmentwebsite/onlinenoticeboardbYes,emailisquickandissuretoreachher.cYes,theproblemwassolved.dMaysouni)HerEnglishisnotasgoodasDrCharless,sosheneedsmorewords.ii)Shefeelssheneedstosaypolitethings.eterrible,embarrassed(shesaysthis).fSheisanxiousaboutmissingimportantinformation.Sheasksalotofquestions.gShesoundsformalbutkind.Shetriestosoundfriendlybyusinghershortname,Sue,inthesecondemail.Task5aMaysounsarelongerandhavemoreformalbeginningsandendings.Theyhavemorepoliterequests,suchasplease,thankyouandsorry.DrCharlessemailsareshorterandmoredirect:ask,choose,come.bMaysounusesthenameattheendofthepreviousemail(2)tostarthernextemail(3);shealsomakesemail3shorter.DrCharlesendseachofheremailsmoreinformally.copen

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task6title givennames surnameDr SusanElizabeth CharlesMs Caroline WestProf. Robert MorrisDr Naseem MalikTask7formalcommunication informalcommunicationDrCharles Susan/SueMsWest CarolineProfMorris RobertDrMalik NaseemTask8openLesson4Task1openTask2cTask3openTask4a2b3c1d6e8f7g4h5i13j11k12l9m14n10Task5a5b2(andpossibly3)

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010c3d1and2e4Task66.1take;show;meet6.2information;constructiveDiscussionPossibleanswerstohelpyoutoimproveadrafttext;anyoneyoucantrust,suchasateacherorafriend;ideas,organization;vocabularyandgrammarwhatisgoodandwhatcouldbeimprovedTask7b(Theconceptisconstructivefeedback.)Task8Possibleanswers8.1Itsanice,funny,friendlyemail.Itgivesaclear,concisepictureoflifeoncampus.Breakupthesecondparagraphintofourshorterones.Language:ithasshouldbethereare;outsideshouldbenear;atthecitycentreshouldbeinthecitycentre;cookershouldbecook.8.2useofgivenname,John;Hi;!;inclusionofjokes;faces;HaHa!;abbreviation;OK.Allthesearecorrectinaninformalemailtoafriendbutincorrectinaformalemail,e.g.,toastaffmemberyouhavenevermet.Lesson5Task1bTask2Possibleanswersa1b2c3,2d3e1f1,3g1,2h3Task3openTask4aYbN

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010cNdNeNfYgYTask5PossibleanswersIwill:gotoallmylectures;studybooksinthelibrary(notjustontheInternet);handindraftsofmyworkintimeforfeedbacktohelpmeimprove;tellmytutorifIhaveanyproblemswiththework.Task66.1open6.2seetableforpossibleanswers

beingactive(findingthingsanddoingthingsforyourself)

leavingyourcomfortzone(tryingnewthings;notbeingafraidofmistakes)

thinkingabouthowyoulearn(thinkingaboutwhatsusefulornotuseful)

Unit1L1

discussexpectationsofuniversitylearnhowtowriteandsayyourownsubjectsforuniversityHomework:choosewhatvocab.tolearn(withoutaskingtheteacher) thinkabouthowtousedictionaries

Unit1L3

thinkofyourpurposebeforereading decidewhichwordsareimportanttolearnandwhichwordsyoudontneedtolearnnowthinkabouthowyouread,inyourownlanguageandinEnglish

Unit2L1

Homework:findcampusmapsontheWebfindinformationaboutfamousacademicstrytwowaystopreparetolistenHomework:choosewhatvocab.tolearn(withoutaskingtheteacher)

thinkabouthowtopreparetolistenUnit2L4 discussteacherandstudentexpectationsdiscussfeedbackHomework:findguidancenotesontheWeb

Homework:choosewhatvocab.tolearn(withoutaskingtheteacher) thinkaboutwhatstudypointsapplytoyouthinkaboutwhatkindoffeedbackisuseful

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Unit3Lesson1Task1aText1bText2copenTask2atodissolvethesalt;toseparatethesandfromthesolution;toevaporatethewaterandmakesaltcrystalsbamixtureofsandandsalt;thesandandsaltmixture;water;thesalt;themixture;afilter;thesand;thesolution;thesolution;thewater;saltcrystalscinsentenceorganizationandverbform(SeeNoticinggrammarpatternsboxthatfollowsTask2.)Task3axbcdxeaandcarenotsentences;theseverbsneedsomethingelsetocompletethesentence.aThesandandsaltmixtureisput.Where?intowaterdThemixtureispoured.Where?throughafilterTask4(CompareanswerwithText2onpage39.)Task55.1aPbIcPdIePfIgIhP5.2a3b2c1d4e4f3g1

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010h2Task66.1no6.2indef=5;def=5(includingtitle;sameanswerforbothtexts)Task7aabacThedaeThefangThehaiThejtheLesson2Task1Step1openthecanStep2putthebeansinapanStep3heatthebeansStep4toastthebreadStep5putthetoastandthebeansonplatesTask2purpose:sothattheydontburnatthebottommethod:gently;withacanopener;withaspoonsequence:first;nextfrequency:occasionallyduration:untiltheyjustbegintobubbleTask3adverbs:gently,occasionallyprepositionalphrases:withacanopener;withaspoonTask44.1Possibleanswersawithacanopenerbwithaspooncwithamodem/wirelessadapterorrouterdwithafireblanket/fireextinguisherebybus4.2open

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task5a5b1c3d2e8f4g6h7Task66.1open6.2signpostwords:Here,Then,Next,Finallylinkingwords:whileadjectivenounnounphrases:thecookedbeans;Thefilledcans;ThecoldcansTask7acooked/hotbhotccooled/coldTask8method:bymachine;bytruck;withcleanwater;withcoldwaterduration:untiltheyaresoft;immediately;forseveralminutesTask9aremoving/removalbtransporting/transportationcwashingdadding/additionecookingfpouringgfillinghsealingilabellingjpackingTask10aremovalbtransportationcadditiondfillinge sealing f cooling gtransportationLesson3

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Tasks1&2a4b2c1d3Task3openTask4Part2Leavethebuilding.Keeploosepapersawayfromthefloor.Minimizetheheightoftheflame.Makesuretheflameisvisible.Checkitfrequently.TurntheBunsenburneroff.Part3Alwayswearyourlabcoat.Tiebackyourhair.Coveranyskincuts.Minimizesplashes.Alwayscleanspills.Keepdoorsandwindowsclosed.Wipedownsurfaces.Washyourhands.Washthemthoroughly.Keepthesoapywateronyourhands.Readthesafetynotices.Avoidthese[accidents]bykeepingthefloorclear.Putthem[bagsandcoats]inlockers.Keepsafebybeingaware.Task5openTask6(Checkanswersintranscriptsonpages203and204.)Task7aquicklyandsafelybwithheatresistantglovescbyadjustingtheairholedwithawaterproofdressingebyslowdeliveryfusingglovesandpapertowelsthathavebeensoakedindisinfectantgbykeepingnotebooksawayfromBunsenburners

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010hthoroughlyibycheckingthefloorcarefullyjbybeingawareofeverythinginyourenvironmentTask8with+nounphrase:b,dby+doingnoun:c,g,i,jby+nounphrase:eusing+nounphrase:fadverb:a,hTask99.1 step1 step2a washhands leavelabb usesurfaces wipesurfacesc (atthesametime)d soaktowelsindisinfectant wipeupspillse openlidfully removecontentsf (atthesametime)g hearbell leavebuilding9.2beforeleaving;afteruse;whenyouareworking;havebeensoaked;beforeremovingthecontents;whileworking;onhearingTask10afrequencybfrequencycdurationdfrequencyedurationfdurationLesson4Tasks1&2[A/W(ILLUSTRATION):INSERTSMALL,SIMPLELABELLEDCYCLEDIAGRAMWITHLABELSASSHOWNBELOW]evaporationprecipitationrunoffTask3[A/W(ILLUSTRATION):INSERTSMALL,SIMPLELABELLEDCYCLEDIAGRAMWITHLABELSASSHOWNBELOW]planningimplementationevaluationTask4

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June20104.1aimprovementbspecificationcimplementationdevaluationeanalysis4.2aimprove/improvementbspecify/specificationscimplementation/implementeddevaluated/evaluationeanalyzed/analysisLesson5Task1Themodel/diagramlookslikestepsinawaterfall(thelecturerexplainsthis).Task2Step1Task3StudentA:a1.Requirementsanalysisb2.Designc3.Implementationd4.Verificatione5.MaintenanceStudentB:atalking,detailbdescribing,willdocdcheckingesolving,renewingStudentC:aareunderstoodbcomponents,simultaneouslyctheprogram,bugfreedworks/doeswhatitshould,acceptableeTask4Possibleanswerssubjectspecificvocabulary:hydrologic;condenses;evaporated;precipitation;runoff;programmergeneralacademicvocabulary:implementation;system;verification;technical;cycle;specific;objectivesboth:compatibility(hasageneralacademicmeaningandaspecificmeaningforsoftware)

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task55.1c5.2[A/W:ADDHEREANEXACTCOPYOFTHENOTESON56(ROUGHLYASSHOWNBELOW).BUTADDARROWSTOITMATCHINGNOTESDOWNSIDESWITHNOTESINMIDDLE,EXACTLYASSHOWNBELOW]

howtosaytheword(wordstress)grammardetailsanexampleofhowitisused

Semester1week1data(n.pl.???askGuy)[Chinesecharacters]information/factsornumbersComputersworkondataveryfast.Ifthedataiswrong,theresultsarewrong.(Guysaid:GIGO=garbagein:garbageout!)database,datastream,binarydata

meaninginChenslanguagemeaninginEnglishcollocationsgrammardetailsanexampleofhowitisusedwordfamily

bug(n.sing.)[Chinesecharacters]amistakeinaprogramstopstheprogramdoingwhatitshoulddo.Inthefirstpracticaltherewasabuginmyprogram!debug(v),bugfree(adj)

meaninginChenslanguagemeaninginEnglishhowtosaytheword(wordstress)grammardetailsanexampleofhowitisusedwordfamily

verification(n.uncount.)[Chinesecharacters]checkingstagetoseeifsoftwareworks/canbeacceptedbycustomer.testing/evaluationverify(v)verifiable/verified(adj)Intheverificationstage,wehavetomakesuretheprogramworkswiththecustomersothersoftware.

meaninginChenslanguagemeaninginEnglishsynonyms(similarwords)

Task6Chenisprobablynotsureifdataispluraloruncountable.Manydictionariessayitshouldbeplural,but,infact,concordancingshowsthatitisoftentreatedasuncountable(likeinformation).Studentshavetonoticewhattheirlecturersdo.

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Unit4Lesson1Task1aGuyprefersaclassroom;Chenprefersacomputer.Maysounsayssheprefersaclassroom,butshedoesnotseemcompletelysure:computersareflexible,butshelikesclassdiscussion.bThestudentsdiscusscost,time,socialgroup,convenience,fluencyandflexibility.Locationisalsomentioned,inthereasonsfortheirpreferences.Task2aCbCcGdCeMfMgM(andpossiblyG)hCiCTask3abrainstormingwithotherstudentsisawaytofindnewideas.bChensaidcomputersweremoreconvenientandcheaper.Chenhadmoreideasattheendoftheconversationthanhehadatthebeginning.StudysmartPossibleanswerLecturerswantstudentstoaddtheirownexamplestoshowthattheyunderstandconcepts,andevaluateinformationtoseeiftheyagreewithit.Task44.1cYouhavetosetyourowndeadlines.gYoucankeepyourjob.hYoumayhavetogiveupyourjob.4.2fYoumayhavetotravel.lYouhavetospeakquickly.Task5Possibleanswersconvenience/time/cost/flexibility/socialgroup/fluencyTask6Possibleanswerspositiveadjectives:cheap,convenient,flexible,confident,sociable,reliable,efficient,accurate,fluent,effective;

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010negativeadjectives:expensive,noisy,crowded,rude,passive,shyTask7Possibleanswersapositiveadjectives:cheaper/moreconvenient/moreflexiblebpositiveadjectives:lessconvenient/flexible/efficientcpositiveadjectives:moresociable/efficient/reliabledpositiveadjectives:moreflexible/reliable/efficientTask8aAbAcDTask9openLesson2Task1Theorderofaimsintheflierisdifferentfromthelecture:thelibrariandoesaim2first,thenaim1.Task2theInternetandthelibrary;shewantstoshowtheyaredifferent;shesays:LetsthinkaboutsomedifferencesbetweentheInternetandthelibrary.Task3(Checkanswersagainstthetablesonpage199oftheCourseBook.)Task44.1b4.2purpose,viewpoint,author,qualityTask5aThelibrariangaveanunbalancedviewoftheInternetatfirst,becauseshewantedtopersuadethestudentstousethelibrary.bSheonlyconsidersanotherviewpointattheendofhertalk.cSheadmitsattheendofhertalkthatthereisanotherviewpoint,whenshesays,Nowitistruethatthereissomegoodquality,reliableinformationontheInternet.dInformationontheInternetismoreuptodate,becauseitcanbepublishedquickly.ManyjournalsandbooksarepublishedontheInternetandthequalityofthesehasbeenchecked.Task66.1Possibleanswers

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Studentsshouldwritesentencescontainingaselectionofthelinkingandsignpostwordsbelow.linkingwords:although,but,whereassignpostwords:However,Incontrast,Ontheotherhand6.2openLesson3Task11.1ab1and3Clues:scholarand.edusuggestanacademicsite.ejournalsuggestsanonlineacademicjournalcd4Clues:thefunnynameroses4teaandblogspotindicatethisisaweblogorblog.Thesearedesignedtomakewebpublishingaccessibletoanyone.e2Clues:.comindicatesthisisacommercialwebsitetosellaservice;classroomonlinespecifiestheservice.f1.2Thetwoacademicurls,1and3,arealmostthesame.Theylocatetwodifferentvolumesofthesameacademicjournalsothedifferencesappearattheendoftheurltoshowthevolumeandpartnumberandtheauthorsurname.Task2Source1 url4Source2 url2Source3 url1Source4 url3Task3PossibleanswersText1purpose:togiveapersonalopinionviewpoint:onlyoneauthor:Geekygirlnoindicationwhothisis,andwecanonlyseeherblogquality:notcheckedbyanyoneText2purpose:tosellonlinecoursesviewpoint:twoaboutclassroomsmorestudentcentredbutcannotprovideenoughattentionorallcourses;oneaboutclassroomonlineallpositiveauthor:notgiven,buttherecouldbeanotherpagewithinformationaboutthetutors

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010quality:nocreditforcourses,sonooneischeckingthequalityText3purpose:topresentresearchaboutcomputerbasedlearningviewpoint:several(Jamieson,Forbes,TorresCorrea)authors:LiuYanmingandRobertBlack(wecouldsearchinjournalstoseeiftheyhadpublishedotherarticles)quality:refereed,soanexperthascheckedtheinformationText4purpose:toreviewabookaboutcomputerbasedlearningviewpoint:twotheviewpointofDrLamaAlKhameesandherreportoftheviewpointofPeteandJingWuauthor:DrLamaAlKhameesquality:checkedbytheeditorwhoaskedthislecturertoreviewthebookforthejournalTask4Texts3and4arelikelytobemorereliable.Task55.2Source1nouns/nounphrasesmainlypersonnouns:I,I,she,herhusband,he,wefourtwoobjectnouns:therestoftheclass,itoneideanoun:this(introduction)Source2nouns/nounphrasesmainlypersonnouns:notallstudents,somestudents,others,you,you,you,you,you,we,youobjectnouns:classrooms,ClassroomOnline,ourassessmentsoneideanoun:thisdescriptionSource3 nouns/nounphrasesmainlyobjectnouns:mostuniversities,recentstudies,they,moststudiesideanouns:theuseofcomputerbasedmethodsforteachingSource4 nouns/nounphrasesmainlypersonnounspublishers,teachers,PeteWuandJingWu,theauthors,theyobjectnouns(tonamethebookanditscontents):computers,theinformation,computersinlanguageclassroomsTask6ausing/usebtheuseof/computercreplacement/teachersdintroducingtechnology

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010ethereviewofabookTask7a1Sources3and42Sources1and2b1Sources3and42Sources1and2Lesson4Task1Source1hastwoadvantages,convenientandlessexpensive,andtwodisadvantages,difficulttocombinestudyandworkandlesssociable(notutororotherstudents).Source2hasthreeadvantages:quickfeedback,personalattentionanddevelopingindependence.Task2IdeasinthefirsttextaresimilartothosethatChenhasalreadydiscussed.Ideasinthesecondtextarenew.Task3a6 2007b4 1999c5 2003d6 2007e1 1998,1999f6 2007g2 1997h2 1997i3 2000j3 2000Task4aThefirstsentenceisthemostgeneral.bThelastsentenceisthemostspecific.c1thefirstsentence2thelastsentencedThisgeneraltospecificdevelopmenthelpsreadersbecausetheyhaveageneralideaofthetopicintheirmindstolinktowhattheyalreadyknowaboutthistopic.Thenthetextintroducesnewandmorespecificideastoaddtothepicturebuildingupintheirminds.Task5opendiscussionTask6a3

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010b7c5d1e6f4g2Lesson5DiscussionChenpreferslearningoncomputershecantakemoretimetostudyortothinkwhathewantstosayanditischeaper.Task11.1Hehasmovedcosttothetopandhehasreducedthenumberoffeatures.Timeisnowincludedunderconvenience,andfluencyundersocialgroup.1.2acomputerbasedlearningbclassroomlearningTask2Thecomparisonintermsofsocialgroup.ThisisnotChenspreference,butheneedstoincludeittoshowthatheknowstherearedifferentviewpoints.Inhisassignment,Chencanadmitthatthereisonedisadvantagetocomputerbasedlearning(Itistruethatcomputerbasedlearningislesssocial,but)Hecanthenshowthatthisisnotimportantbecausetherearemanyotheradvantages.Task3openwithpeerreviewingusingthechecklistTask4bTask5No.aandbaretoospecific.adoesnotmentioncomputerbasedlearningandbdoesnotmentionclassroomlearning.biswritteninastylethatisnotappropriateforastudentbecauseitistooformalandacademic.cistoogeneralforthepurposeofChensassignment.Thisisaverycommonmistakeforstudentstomake,startingtoofarawayfromthetopic.Task6ModelansweratostudyinatraditionalclassroomortakecoursesontheInternetbarecombinedandcomputersareusedinclassroomsctobothkindsoflearningdcomputerbasedlearningandclassroomlearningecost,convenience,flexibilityandsocialgroup

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task7openTask88.1aSource3,paragraph1,lastsentenceHecopiedpartoftheinformationnosignificantdifferenceinachievementexactly,butusedageneralnounphraseforbothkindsoflearningtosummarizethecomparisoninthefinalpartofthesentence.bSource3,paragraph2,secondsentenceHechangedmoreattractiveforstudentswithlowincomesbecauseitislessexpensivetomorestudentswithlowincomescanaffordthem.cSource3,paragraph2,third/fourthsentencesHeusedstudyingandworkingfromtheprevioussentencetocompletesomestudentshaveproblems,butusedhisownsignpostexpression,itistruethat.dSource4,paragraph2,thirdsentenceHecombinedideasfromtwosentences,computerswillnotreplaceteachersandindependentlearners.8.2b2c3d48.3Intheintroductionaftersentence2(seemodelanswerforTask6).Itcouldbeintroducedwithalthough,orsentence3couldstartwithHowever.8.4Paragraph2couldbedividedintothreeparagraphs,asbelow.ModelanswerManystudentspreferonlinecoursesbecausetheyarecheaper.Studentscanstudyathomeandtheydonothavetotravel.PuttingcoursesontheInternetmeansmorestudentswithlowincomescanaffordthem(TorresCorrea,1999,citedinLiuandBlack,2003).Learningonlineismoreconvenientthanlearninginatraditionalclassroombecauseitismoreflexible.Studentscanstudyandworkatthesametime.Itistruethatsomestudentshaveproblemsstudyingandworking(Jenkins,2000,citedinLiuandBlack,2003)buttheycansettheirowndeadlinesandtakemoretimeiftheyneedto.Studentswithanadvancedlevelusuallypreferclassroomsbecausetheyliketodiscusstheirworkwithotherstudentsandthetutor.However,studentswithalowlevelcannotspeakquickly.Theyusuallypreferonlinediscussionsbecausetheycantaketimetothinkwhattosay.WuandWu(2007,citedinAlKhamees,2008)suggestthatcomputerswillnotreplaceteachersbuttheycanhelpstudentstobecomemoreindependentlearners.Task9

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June20109.1Invertedcommasshowthatthewordshavebeencopiedexactly.9.2Thenamesareshownbecausetheseideasareborrowedfromtheauthors.Therearemanywaystoshowthisinthetext.OnecommonwayistousetheHarvardsystem,asshown.Onlythetextsthathaveactuallybeenreadshouldbereferenced.TheuseofcitedinshowsthatideasbyTorresCorreaandJenkinswerereadinLiuandBlack,andideasbyWuandWuwerereadinAlKhamees.

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Unit5Lesson1Task1c,dTask2aGuybMaysouncChenTask3thelargeamountofworktodo,especiallynewvocabularytolearnTask41listen/meanings2review3read/meanings4meanings5vocabularynotebooksTask5ahydrologic=aboutwaterprecipitation=watercondensingandfallingasrainrunoff=movementofwaterfromlandtooceanbgeology;vegetationcopenTask6acode=computerprogram=instructionsthatcomputerscanfollowimplementationstage=writingthecodebbugfreeorfunctionaldescriptionTask7ageology=rocks/rockformationsvegetation=plantsbbugfree=withoutmistakes/errorsTask88.1collect8.2aimportantbspecialistareachaveproblemsdfixepersuaded8.3open

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task9PossibleanswersUnit1holiday/enough/worldwide/finishedUnit2place/takepart/known/getbetterUnit3steps/risks/necessary/informationUnit4find/assess/advantages/importantLesson2Task1a3b6c4d1e2f7g8h5Task2aperson/studiedbdevice/convertingcmistake/stopsdword/phrase/butnotinothers/meaningeresearch/gatherforganism/diseaseTask3b,eTask4Possibleanswers4.1alabcoatisacoattoprotectclothesfromsplashesandspillsafirealarmisadevicetowarnpeopleoffireapersonalstatementisatexttoexplainyourreasonsforapplyingtouniversityavocabularynotebookisabookforrecordinginformationaboutnewwordsFreshersWeekisatimeforgettingtoknowthetown,theuniversity,thesocialactivitiesandtheotherstudents4.2anumbrellaisadevicetoprotectapersonfromrain

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010ascannerisamachineforconvertingimagesintobinarydataanATMisamachineforprovidingservicestobankcustomersoutsidenormalofficehoursdebuggingisaprocesstoremoveerrorsfromsoftwareawebbrowserisacomputerprogramforlookingatwebpagesontheWorldWideWeb.4.3openTask5a1ComputerScience2InternationalBusiness3EnvironmentalScience4InternationalBusiness5ComputerScience6ComputerScience7EnvironmentalScience8EnvironmentalSciencebprocessisusedinallthree;measureisusedinInternationalBusinessandComputerScienceTask6SeeTask5.Lesson3Task11.1athatbwhichcwhodwhereewhen1.2person:whoplace:wheretime:whenthing:whichconcept:whichTask2openTask33.1open3.2d3.3anogeneralnoun

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010bnogeneralnouncnospecificfeaturedgooddefinitionenospecificfeaturefcircular3.4aaddaremicroorganismsthatbaddforlookingatwebpagesontheWorldWideWebcaddisliquidwhicheandfaddwhenthewholesystemistestedTask4PossibleanswersAcomputerprogrammerisapersonwhowritescomputercode/computersoftware.Collocationsaregroupsofwordsthatoftengotogether.Adraftisatextwhichthewriterisstillrevising.Ahealthcentreisaplacewhereyoucangetadviceonhealthproblems.Asupervisorisapersonwhoisresponsibleforhelpingapostgraduatestudentwithresearch.Alibraryisaplacewherebooksarekeptforpeopletostudy.Officehoursarethetimeswhenalecturerisavailabletotalktostudentsindividually.Task5PossibleanswersaThereareotherdevicesthatdothis.Furtherinformationcouldbeadded.bApersoncanstudydeeplyandforalongtimebutstillmaynotknowenough.Wecouldaddtothedefinitionandgainedrecognitionfromothersfortheirknowledge.Lesson4Task11.1Itsnotcircular(itexplainsthekeyspecificfeatureofpollution).Byusingthegeneralnounprocess,shehasclassifiedpollutioninawaythatallowshertobreakitdownintosteps,e.g.,thesourcesofpollutionandlatertheeffectsofpollution.1.2openTask2athreebtodefinetheconceptandexplainsomekeytermsTask3apollutionandcontaminantsorpollutantsbparagraph2:tooutlinethethreedifferentkindsofanalysisparagraph3:toexplainthefirstanalysiswithexamples

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010ctogivetwofurtherpossibleanalysesTask44.1paragraphs1and34.2materials/energyapathogensbnonbiologicalcenergydparticulatesechemicalsfheatglighthnoiseigasesjliquidsksolidsTask5Keywordsare:arecalledcanbeanalyzedcanbedescribedcanbe/areclassifiedgeneralcategoriesofsuchascanbefurthersubdividedintoincludinge.g.Task6atermsbaccordingcbyTask7aenvironmentbatmospherecwaterdlandeatmospherefwatergoceanshriversigroundwaterjwaterkwaterllandmurbanlocationsnsoil

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task88.1Possibleanswersconcepts:diseasesparticulateschemicalsexamples:choleraverysmallpiecesofmaterial,dust,fibresgases,CO2,liquids,detergents,solids,metals,iron8.2asuchasbincludingce.g.Task9openTask1010.1open10.2openLesson5Task11.1aMaysounbChen1.2usingcardsthishelpsChentothinkofadatabase1.3helphimpractiseapresentationTask2PossibleanswersHelikesGuyssuggestion.Task3PossibleanswersBothareorganizedbymodule,butMaysounarrangesthewordsinalphabeticalorder,whileChenorganizesthevocabularyaccordingtowhenhefindsit.Task55.1thesystemisnamedafteritsinventor,Dewey,andiscalledadecimalsystembecauseitsprincipleoforganizationisbasedon10categoriesateachlevel,allowingdecimalnumbers.Itcontainsbothlettersandnumbers.5.2bysubjectandtopic;byalphabet5.3subjectandtopic

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task6a300b330c(notgiven;seebelow)d500e550f551g600h620i627j628k628.16Landeconomicsisnotmentionedspecifically,butbyanalogywithsciencestudentscanguessthatitis331.Task77.1a7.2openTask9asentence1bsentences2and3Task10toclassify:nouns/adjectives:subcategories;levelverbs:isclassified;label;arearrangedother:alphabeticallytogivethebasisofclassification:onthebasisof;accordingtoTask1111.1awhereborganizedccategoriesddividedintoeforexamplefspecificgaccordingto11.2Possibleanswersaregrouped/basisofclassification

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Unit6Lesson1Task11.2PossibleanswersAfter1860familymembersatGatewayIn1960sgrandfatheratGatewayIn1960sGatewayuniversityIn1960sgrandfathergotdegreeIn1980sparentsatGatewayTask2Possibleanswers1864foundedbytwobusinessmenforworkingmen/educationforengineers/diploma1870JennyEllis/womenadmitted1880popular/overcrowded/needrepairnewbuildingsincity/moneyproblemsmoneyfromformerstudent/changenametoMorganStevenson20thcenturyexpanded/reputationforScience/Engineering1967movetonewlocation/changenametoGateway/newlogo>1960sexpanded/internationalstudentsoncampus/distancelearningTask33.1openreflection3.2bTask4Possibleanswersperiodoftimeinthe60s/50sinthe12thcenturythroughoutthe20thcenturypointintimearound1850about150yearsagoin1854in1870in1967sequenceintimewhilehewasstudyingwhenIwasatuniversityby1880atthesametimesincethe1960sTask66.1&6.2Possibleanswers

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Generalsituationpresent:MynameisGeorgeBlackstone.IliveinSummerford.Imretired.Iminterestedinlocalhistory.GatewayUniversityisreallyquiteyoung.(verbform=presentsimple)Generalsituationpast:IwasatGatewayUniversity.ItwasntcalledGatewaythen.Istudiedengineering.TheywereconcernedTherewerenoschoolsforworkingmen.TheywantedaschoolforItwasntauniversityonlyacollege.ItwascalledtheStevensonInstitute.(verbform=pastsimple)Generaltrend:IthasseenalotofchangesinitslifetimeThemainexpansionhasbeeninthenumberofinternationalstudents(verbform=presentperfect)Specificevent:Theywerefoundedinthe12thcentury.Gatewaywassetupin1864.Itwasstartedbytwolocalbusinessmen.Womenbegantoattendclassesin1870(verbform=pastsimple)Task7awentbmetchavebeendopenedestarted/wasstartedfstudiedgstartedhhadiwasjconvincedkbecamelwasmsaidngotohaschangedpwereqare

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010roffersLesson2Task11.1Begin:besetup,start/bestarted,become,constructBecomebetter:development,repair,renameChangesize:expansionChangeplace:relocate,movementEnd:close1.2openTask2openTask3aaftertheheadwordbexample1:intransitiveexample2:transitivecBegin:befoundedT,besetupT,start/bestartedI/T,constructTBecomebetter:developI/T,repairT,renameTChangesize:bedemolishedT,expandI/TChangeplace:moveI/T,relocateTEnd:closeI/TTask44.1aOxfordandCambridgeUniversitieswerefoundedinthe12thcentury.bTheStevensonInstitutewassetupin1864.cInthe1880s,theinstitutemovedtonewbuildingsinthecitycentre.dAdecisionwasmadein1967tomovetheuniversitytoapurposebuiltcampus.eTheinstituteexperiencedsomefinancialproblems.fThenamechangedfromtheStevensonInstitutetoMorganStevensonCollege.gThecollegechangeditsnameagaintoGatewayUniversitywhenitmovedtothenewcampus.hThebuildingsontheestateweredemolishedlongago.iTheuniversityexpandedthenumberofcoursesitoffered,particularlyinscienceandengineering.jSincethe1960s,thenumberofstudentshasexpandedwithmanystudentsnowcomingfromoverseas.Note:Thetimeclausesin+yearcangoatthebeginningortheendofthesentenceswithoutchangingthemeaning.Othertimeclausesaremostlikelytobeinthepositionsshownintheanswerkeyabove.4.2aTbT

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010cIdTeTfIgThTiTjITask5openTask6PossibleanswersaItusedtobecalledtheStevensonInstitute,butitchangeditsnametoGatewayUniversityin1967.bItusedtobeformenonly,butwomenbegantoattendclassesin1870.cItusedtobelocatedinthecitycentre,butinthe1960s,itmovedoutsidethecity.dItusedtobeonlyforworkingmen,butitbecameaninternationaluniversityattheendofthe20thcentury.Task7openTask8openTask9aGuy:bigchangeinpoliticsbigchangeintechnologyChen:bigchangeintechnologybigchangeintheenvironmentMaysoun:bigchangeinenergyusebigchangeinfarmingpracticesbsimilar:informationrevolution;industrialrevolutiondifferent:Frenchrevolution;greenrevolutioncopenTask10a1b4c2

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010d1e3f2g1Lesson3Task11.1d1.2gTask2a2b3c1d(purposeofwholetext)e2and4f5g(purposeofsection7.1)Task3ageneraltopic:thecooperativemovementintheUKspecificaspect:declinebTheessayrequiresreasonsforthedecline.cHecouldselectfromparagraphs1,3and5.dGuycoulddefinethecooperativemovementandshowitsriseintheUKtosetthecontextfortalkingaboutitsdecline.Task44.1term/concept:cooperativesgeneral:organizationsspecific:inwhichpeoplehavejoinedtogethermorespecific:tomeetcommonneedsandachievecommongoals.4.2example:consumercooperativesspecific:ownedbycustomerswhojointogethermorespecific:tomakesurethatthegoodsandservicestheywanttobuyaregoodqualityandafairpriceexample:workercooperativesspecific:ownedbytheworkersinanindustryTask51844cooperativestartedinRochdale RochdalePioneers1880spreadthroughUK19001.7millionmembers 1,000societiesnowworldwidemovement

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task66.1Guywrotesomeofhisintroductioninhisownwords,e.g.,sentences1,2,4and5,buthecopiedsentences3,6and7.6.2PossibleanswersTherearemanydifferenttypesofcooperatives,dependingonthe[shared]needsandgoalsofthemembers.[copiedfromparagraph1withunderlinedwordomitted]ThecooperativemovementbeganintheNorthofEngland,in1844,whenagroupofworkersinthetownofRochdaleopenedasmallshop[]tofindandsellbasicfooditemsatareasonableprice.[copiedfromparagraph2withunderlinedchanges;twopartsjoinedtogether]Thereputationofthecoopshopgrewveryquickly,soby1880,thecooperativemovementhadspreadthroughouttheUK,andbytheendofthe19thcentury,membershiphadreached1.7million.[copiedfromparagraph4withunderlinedchangesandfinalclauseomitted]6.3PossibleanswersGuydoesnotacknowledgethesourceofideas.Guydoesnotwritetheideasinhisownwordsbutcopiesthemexactly.TheintroductiondoesnotfitthepurposeofGuysessayquestion.Lesson4Task1aStudentsdonotknoweverything.Theyarelearningnewideasandneedtoshowwhattheyarelearning.bStudentsneedtoshowthattheyarebuildingontheworkofpreviousscholarsandtheyneedtothankthemfortheirideas.cStudentscanshowwhattheyhaveunderstoodbywritingintheirownwords.dStudentscanshowthattheyareabletotransformknowledgeanduseideasforanewpurposewhichisdifferentfromtheoriginalpurposeofthesourcetext.Task22.1a2.2f2.3bInitialsarenotneededforintextreference.Forfullreference,theorderofsurnameandinitialsshouldbereversed.Thereisnotitle,publisherorplaceofpublication.cThereisnoauthorandnopublisherorplaceofpublication.dTheorderofsurnameandinitialsshouldbereversed.Thereisnoplaceofpublication.eThereisnodateofpublication.2.4Theintextreferenceindicateswhereinthetextideashavebeenborrowed;thefulltextreferenceenablesareadertofindthesourceoftheborrowedideas.

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task3aTbFcTdTeFfFgThTTask44.1a4b5c2d1e6f34.2aorganizationbfoundationcgrowthdmovementebenefitsfmovementgprincipleshorganizationsLesson5Task1aTheessaytitlescontainthesamewords;theonlydifferencesaredevelopchange;explaintheireffectrelatethesetobChen:developmentsinsoftwareapplicationsGuy:changesinbusinesspracticesTask2aIntroduction1bIntroduction2cThebeginningsofthesentencesshowthetopic.Thesentenceattheendguidesthereaderbygivingabriefoutlineofwhattheessaywillcoverandbyshowingtheviewpointofthewriter.Task3aNo,shethinksitisnotacceptablebecausetheuniversityseesthisasacrimeandcanfailbothstudents.bYes,hertoneofvoiceisverystrongandsheisverydirectatthebeginning:Thisisyourassignment,butGuywroteit?andItisdefinitelynotOK.Later,shetriestosoftenherresponse:Youdontrealizewhatyouvedone.

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task4Accountants/preparefinancialinformation/withaspreadsheetapplication.Everyoneinacompany/canbecontacted/easilybyemail.Wordprocessors/areusedbymanagers/toproducetheirownreportsSpreadsheetapplications/areusedbyaccountants/topresentdetailedfinancialinformation.Task5akeywordsrelatingtothetopic(businessinIntroduction1andsoftwareinIntroduction2)btopointouttheessaytopictothereaderatthebeginningofeachsentencecmethodorpurposestatementsTask6a1Heatthebeansgentlyinapan.Stirthebeanswithaspoonsothattheydonotburn.2Usethepantoheatthebeans.Usethespoontostirthebeanssothattheydonotburn.b3Heatresistantglovesareusedtoprotecthands.Labcoatsareworntoprotectclothesfromchemicals.4Handsareprotectedusingheatresistantgloves.Clothesareprotectedfromchemicalsbywearinglabcoats.c5TheInternetcanbeusedtofinduptodateinformationquickly.Thelibraryprovidesmorereliableinformation.6UptodateinformationcanbefoundquicklyusingtheInternet.Morereliableinformationisprovidedbythelibrary.Task7a2b3c1

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Unit7Lesson1Task1ameeting,support,awarenessbopencPossibleanswersothattheseneedscanbeaddressedandsothatinternationalstudentsgetthesupporttheyneedTask2Possibleanswers2.1Hecanseehowotherinternationalstudentsspeakatmeetings;hecantrytospeakhimself,i.e.,takeariskandfindoutthathesOK.2.2Ifthereareasmallnumberofpeople,hewillprobablyhavetointroducehimself.Hemaysayverylittleifhedoesnotfeelconfident.Task33.1a5b4c1d2e33.2aJuanCarlosbPatticPriscilladBilaleIbrahimTask4aThechairthankedthemforcomingandseemedpleasedtoseethem;thecommitteemembersmadepeoplelaugh;thechairspoketoChendirectlyandsaidhowgooditwastohaveaChinesestudent;thechairandotherssuggestedthingsChencoulddotogetinvolvedbveryinterested/excited/impressedTheysoundedinterestedwhentheysaidOh!Really!Heyctoreassureher;tomakeherfeelconfidentthatshewasdoingagoodjob.Task5PossibleanswersaThanksforcoming,everyone.;Itsgreattoseesomenewfacesheretonight.;itsreallygreatthatyourehere.;Maybeyoucanhelpus;maybewecanchataboutit;Hekeepsorderandtelluswhattodo.;IhopeIamnottoomuchlikethebigboss.bOh!Really!Hey,thatsgreatcwerejustpleasedyoudothehardestjobTask6

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010aPatti.SheapologizesforherEnglishandsheisnotveryfluent(shesaysmmmalot).bAllthestudents.Afewhesitationsandfalsestartsdonotreallymatter.cChenshouldfeelmorerelaxedandconfidentbecausepeoplecanunderstandhimandareinterestedinwhathehastosay.Task88.21syllable:pleased2syllables:China;Thailand;Brazil;Sudan3syllables:Mexico;India4syllables:democratic5syllables:Task99.11syllable:'chair2syllables:'member;dis'cuss3syllables:'treasurer;a'genda4syllables:'secretary;pub'licity;demo'cratic5syllables:inter'national9.21syllable:'pleased2syllables:'China;'Thailand;Bra'zil;Su'dan3syllables:Mexico9.31syllable:'Wales2syllables:'Scotland3syllables:'Canada;'Libya4syllables:Aus'tralia;Mal'aysia5syllables:Indo'nesiaTask1010.1Mynameis;Icomefrom...;Im...,from...;Im...from...,butpleasecallme...10.2openLesson2Task1openTask2aYesbJuanCarloswillreporttheirdecisionatthenextstudentsunioncommitteemeeting.Task33.1a5b3c6d1

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010e4f23.2Guy:bChen:aTask4Possibleanswers4.1startthediscussion:OKsoletsmovetothemainitemontheagendaaskpeopletocontribute:Chen,youlooklikeyouwanttosaysomethingaboutthat.keepthecontributionsrelevant:Ithinkisanimportantissue,butitsnotreallyCouldwekeeptothattopic?summarizeideas:perhapsIcansummarizethepointssofarbasically4.2openTask55.1Possibleanswersgivingideas:SeeTask2.askingforideas:Sowhatdowethinkaboutthat?Canwesupportthem?;WhatshouldIwriteintheminutes?;Doesthatincludeeverythingwesaid?askingforconfirmationorhelptorefineanidea:Dotheyhavetime?;Isthisfeedback,really?confirminganidea:Yeah!Right!Yeah!Mmm!Goodpoint!;Ithinkthatsagoodpoint.;Sure!Thatsakindoffeedback.refininganidea:Ithinkthepointabouttimeisrelevant,because...;Ithinkthatsagoodpoint.Forexample...;Andthestudentshaveto...soyouhaveto...showinginterestinanidea:Wow!Oh!;Yeah!;Metoo!5.2openTask6openTask77.1andImthechairofthecommittee.;Imthetreasurer.7.2ImBilal,fromIndia.ImthepublicityofficerImIbrahim,fromSudan.Imjustamember.ImPatti,fromThailand.SoImthesecretaryandItaketheminutes.Task8openTask99.1asecond/firstbis/coursework/examscbusiness/three/hundreddquickly/usefuleonline/look/check/answersfwhat/minutes/action

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Lesson3Task1PossibleanswerChenneedstodefinemalwareandgivesomeexamplesthatthelistenersmayknow.Task2openTask3aItwasgenerallynotsuccessful.Theaudiencedidntunderstandit.Guysaiditwastootechnicalforhim.ButtheslideswereclearandhelpedMaysoun.bopencslowdown,lookattheaudience,saygoodevening,giveyourname,dontreadfromatextTask44.1ModelnotesDef.malware=dangerouscode[Basictreediagram]malware viruses wormsTrojanhorsesresidentnonresident4.2Heenjoyedit.Hethoughtitwasinterestingbutnotacademic.Heforgotsomepoints.Task5Possibleanswer5.1Itwasmuchmoreinterestingandeasytofollow.Chenintroducedhimselfandhistopicandspokemoredirectlytotheaudience.Healsousedasimplequestiontointroducehisdefinition.Chenneedstocheckthewordstressinhiskeywords,e.g.,TrojanHorseandoperator.5.2Bothareimportant.Memorizationofthemainpointsisgood,butnotmemorizationoftheexactwords.5.3Therewerenofalsestartsinfirstpresentation(becauseChenreadit).TherearethreeinthesecondpresentationtheyshowthatChenisthinkingaboutexplainingashespeaks.Theyarenotaproblem.Hesitationsarenotaproblem

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010either,asthereareonlyafewandevengoodspeakershavehesitationsandfalsestarts.Task6age'neticsbexpec'tationsc'technicaldcompati'bilityepub'licityfe'xemplifygma'terialhnu'tritiousipro'fessionallyjverifi'cationTask77.1Hello.Goodevening.MynamesChenZhiqiangandImgoingtotalkaboutmalware.Possiblevariations:Hi;good'morning/afternoon;Im[name];Imfrom[placeoruniversity];Imgoingtotellyouabout/mytopicis...Lesson4Task1openTask2openTask3aTheymakeapproximatelyequalcontributions,bothintermsoflengthandintermsofimportance.b1Guy;Chen2Maysoun3Guy;Chen4Maysoun;Guy5Chen;Maysoun6Guycwell...youknow...;youknowWhatdotheymean?Isitlikethat?;...maybe?Yes,thatsone...ItslikeChensay;IthinkIsee...ItsanotherNo,itsnot...Because...;NoactuallyIknow...itwaslike...Oh,OK...(usingrisefallintonation)

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task44.1acompletecycle(e.g.,ofamachineorwheel)4.2acomplete(i.e.,largeorimportant)changeStudysmartPossibletermsfamilytree;peakprice;foodchain;computerbug;stockmarketcrashTask5openTask6openTask7openTask8openLesson5Task1openTask2aNickstartsthediscussion,summarizesideasandaskspeopletocontribute.bChenmakestheotherspeakersfeelrelaxedbymakingthemlaughandsupportsNickbysayingthathesagoodteacher.HealsoputsalittlepressureontheChinesestudentstospeak.cNickcontributestwomainideas(healsolikestoprepare;itsimportantnottoworryaboutmakingmistakes).Task3a1b10c4d8e5f6g9h2i3j7Task4aeveryonewhospoke

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010bNickChen:whatwouldyousayisthebiggestchallenge?Whatdoesitmean?;Alexei:Youreveryquiettoday!Whatdoyouthink?Chen:Comeon,somebodyspeak!cXiaohua:AreallstudentsinIranlikeyou?dAlluseconfirmationintonation.Mimi:Yes.SameinThailand.Amir:Yes.Ithinkthattoo.Xiaohua:ItstrueeChen:Ithinkitspartofthat.Amir:IthinknotonlyChinese.InIranitsthesame.Alexei:wedohavethisideaofface....Chen:Ithinkanotherthingis.Nick:ButIthink...fAllspeakersshowinterestbycommentingfurtheronideas.Nick:RightOthers:Really!Yeah![usingrisefallintonation]Task5openTask6open

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Unit8Lesson1Task1dTask2aChenishappybecausehiscurrentassignmentisprogramming,sohedoesnthavetowritemuchEnglish.bXiaohuaisworriedbecauseshehasmissedsomeclassesandsheishavingproblemswithacademicwriting.Task3WorriedfaceName:XiaohuaarrivedlatemissedsomewritingclassesishavingproblemswithacademicwritingSmilingfaceName:ChencurrentassignmentisprogramminghastowriteonlyalittleEnglishANDhashadgoodfeedbackANDhasmetanewfriendTask4breason:Hiscurrentassignmentisprogrammingresult:hehastowriteonlyalittleEnglishcreason:shejoinedthecourselateresult:Xiaohuamissedsomewritingclassesdresult:sheishavingproblemswithwritingacademictextsreason:[notgiven;giveninsentencec]ereason:sheisworriedresult:sheasksChentohelphertounderstandsomefeedbackfromhersubjectlecturerTask5linkingwords:because/so/andsignpostwords:also/asaresultTask6openTask7Quizanswers1becausepoorpeoplehadnochancetolearnscienceandmechanics

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June20102Itwasnamedafterthefamousengineerwhoinventedthefirststeamlocomotive.3womenjoinedthecourses4theinstitutebecameverypopular5delaysandhighcostsofbuildingwork6hebecamerichasaresultofstudyingthere7becausehegavethemmoneytohelpfinishthenewbuildings8theycouldgetdegrees9itwastheonlyoldbuildingleftwhenthenewuniversitycampuswasbuilt10ariseinthenumberofinternationalstudentsanddistancelearningstudentsTask8reasonfor;resultof;caused;factors;contributedto;made;mean;ledtoTask9aconfidentbflexiblecefficient,bugfreedunstableeclearerfvisiblegspecifichpersuasiveisaferTask10openLesson2Task1openTask2PossibleanswersahighbhighcmediumdlowezeroflowglowhzeroihighTask33.1c3.2...andImean...;believeme

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task4seeTask5answersTask5Possibleanswers5.1high:/probably;definitely;mostlikely/atalltimesmedium:may,can/possible/low:unlikely/lowprobability/notcommonnone/zero:wearenot/norisk/5.2high:/certain/most;oftenmedium:might;could//some;sometimeslow://few;rarelynone/zero://none;neverTask6openTask7acausebdependsoncreducedbecauseeresultsfromfreduces/preventsgtoreducehcauseisojasaresultof/becauseofTask8openLesson3Task1aThetopicisstudents.Itbecomesmorespecificwitheachsentence,firstusingpronouns,thennamingastudent:thestudents,someofthem,they,Maysoun.bItchangestowebsites.Theendofsentence4.cAfterthetopic,inthesecondpartofthesentence.Task2aspecifichealthrisk/LymediseaseTask3rareseriousdiseasessymptomsofLymediseasebacteria

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task4aenvironmentalbEnvironmental/rarediseasescdisease/diseasedLymedisease/bacteriaebacteria/ticksfticksTask5athesamebNewinformationisatthebeginningsofsentences.cThismakesthetexthardertoread.Task6b2e1g1Task77.1bbacteria;cdelaydtickebitefsymptomgeffects7.2all(17)7.3bbacteria(repeatednoun);cdelay(generalnoun);dtick(repeatednoun);ebite(repeatednoun);fsymptom(generalnoun);geffects(generalnoun)Task8PossibleanswersabecausebbecauseccausedsoeresultsinfbecauseofTask9openLesson4Task1a1X2C

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June20103C4XbHetellshernottoworryandthattheycanmaketheessaymoreacademic.Also,hehassomeinformationabouttheIndustrialRevolution.Task2ainstructionsbinformation/ideascreaderdlinkedegeneralfspecificgfamiliarhnewicausejideas/informationTask3openTask4aglobalclimatechangeblinksbetweentheIndustrialRevolution,globalclimatechangeanddevelopingeconomiescXiaohuasclassmatesandMartinGibson.Sheneedstothinkaboutwhatherreadersmayormaynotknow.Task5openTask6acoal/oil/greenhouseeffect/ globalwarmingbTheseconddraftiseasiertofollowbecausethecausesandeffectsareclearlylinked.Xiaohuasoriginalparagraphsaredifficulttofollowbecauseherideasarenotpresentedandlinkedwell.Task7aPossibleanswersoriginaldraft:personalreferences;titleparaphrased;taskonlypartiallyaddressednewdraft:impersonal;correcttitle;taskaddressedboriginaldraft:specific>general>specificnewdraft:specific>generalctheoriginaldraftdthenewdraftetheoriginaldraftfTheyaremoreaccurateinthenewdraft.Task8

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010seerelevantparagraphinmodelessayModelessayThelinkbetweentheIndustrialRevolution,globalclimatechangeanddevelopingeconomiesTheIndustrialRevolutionwasamajorchangeintechnologyinEuropearound200yearsago.Thischangebroughtmachinesandefficientproduction.Asaresult,Europeaneconomiesgrew.Theexpansionneededenergyfromburninglargeamountsofcoalandoil.BurningthesefuelsproducesCO2,agaswhichcontributestoglobalclimatechangebythegreenhouseeffect.Globalclimatechangehasseriousimpactswhichaffecteverycountryintheworld.Thisessaywillfirstexplainhowthegreenhouseeffectmakestheclimatewarmer,andthenitwillexaminesomeoftheeffectsofthischangeinourclimate,includingtheimpactsondevelopingcountries.Thegreenhouseeffectisaveryimportantfactoringlobalwarming.Itisanaturalprocessinwhichsomegases,suchasCO2,letenergyfromthesunthroughtheatmospheretowarmtheEarthbutdonotletmuchofthisenergyoutagain.Now,averylargeamountofCO2isgettingintotheatmospherefromindustriesthatburnfossilfuelslikecoalandoil.TheCO2isincreasingbecauseofglobalindustrialdevelopment,especiallyincountrieslikeIndiaandalsoinChina,whichhasmanycoalpowerstations.Asaresult,thetemperatureisrisingandtheclimateischanging.Globalclimatechangeishavingseriousimpactsonglobalwatersystems.Oneeffectisariseinsealevel.ThereismorewaterintheoceanbecauseofmeltingiceintheNorthandSouthPolarregions.Thiscanresultinseriousfloodinganddeaths,especiallyonsmallislandsandincoastalregions.Forexample,BangladeshandsomecountriesinthePacifichavealreadylostfarmlandtothesea.Inaddition,someresearcherssaythatglobalwarmingismakingweathersystemssuchastyphoonsandhurricanesmuchmoredangerous.ThishasalreadyhappenedintheUSAandinChina.Globalclimatechangeisalsohavingseriousimpactsontheland.Windandrainpatternsaremoving.Thesechangescanmeanthatsomeareasnowhavenorainandfarmershavetomovetonewplaceswiththeiranimalsandcrops.Thenewareasmaynothaveenoughgrassorwater,leadingtodamagetothesoil.Asaresult,somedesertsareexpandingandsandstormsarereachingcities,likeBeijing.Thechangingclimateisalsospreadingsomediseasestonewareas.Thesediseasescanbedangerousforplantsandanimalsaswellashumanpopulations,makingfarmingmoredifficult.Inconclusion,industrialdevelopmentusescoalandoil.ThisismakingtheworldwarmerasaresultofCO2productionandthegreenhouseeffect.Itisimportanttodevelopalternativesourcesofenergythatwillnothavethiseffectontheclimate,butthistechnologyisnotveryadvancedyet.Althoughmanydevelopingcountrieswillbebadlyaffectedbyclimatechange,some,forexampleIndiaand

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010China,needenergyfortheirdevelopment.ItisdifficultforthesecountriestoreduceCO2productionwithoutslowingtheireconomicdevelopment.Task9openLesson5Task1aageneraldefinitionfollowedbymorespecificinformation:purpose,overviewofcoophistory,followedbyoutlineofthisassignmentbparagraph3:Theimpactofthecooperativemovementsprinciplesonthepoorwasprofound.paragraph4:Thevaluesofselfhelpandresponsibilityforotherpeopleinthelocaldistrictcreatedorganizationsthatwereasignificantcommunityasset...paragraph5:Majorchangesinthesecondhalfofthe20thcenturyhadasignificantimpactonthegrowthofthecooperativemovementintheUK.paragraph6:Thelocalcooperativesocieties...couldnotcreateaunifiedresponsetothechallengesofnewmarketsandnewtypesofcompetition.paragraph7:therehavebeensomemorerecentdevelopmentswhicharelikelytobringarevivalofthecooperativemovement.;Theoriginalprinciplesofthecooperativemovement,maywellhelpittosucceedwhereothersfailinthe21stcentury.Task2openTask3aGradeA,possiblybthefactthathehasreallythoughtaboutit;hisexplanationofhowthecooperativesprinciplesarehelpingittobecomemorecompetitiveagaincexpandthelastparagraph,addmorespecificexamplesandmoreexamplesofdifferentethicalconcerns,lookatproductsandcompetitors,addsourcesTask4aItdidntaccuratelyshowwhatishappeninginthecoopmovement./Itwasoutofdate.bpositivelycopenTask5nouns:factors;reasonsfor;animpacton;aresponseto;areactiontoverbs:provide;contributeto;bringing;preventedfrom;affected;influence;meant;created;workedagainst;respond;resultingfrom;make;helpprepositions:withlinkingwords:because;sosignpostwords:furthermore;consequently

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task6Possibleanswerspeople:others;youngmenandwomenroles:owners;members;thepoor;managers;directors;competitors;shareholders;recruits;consumer;customers;workergroups/organizations:communities;market;developingcountries;businesses;survivors;retailgiantsTask7PossibleanswersaEnvironmentalStudies:researchers;scientists;biologists;farmers;agriculturalcommunities;manufacturers;clients;walkers;tourists;users;polluters;volunteersComputerScience:programmers;softwareengineers;webdesigners;analysts;users;bloggers;hackers;clients;customers;webdevelopersbopenTask88.1aparagraphs3and4bparagraphs5and6cparagraph6dparagraphs5and78.2open

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Unit9Lesson1Task11.1Data2Data3Data11.2Data1=Figure1Data2=Figure2Data3=Table11.3,1.4&1.5Data2/barchart/Sourcesofincomein2010(a)/tocomparetheamountsofdiscreteitems(c)/millionpounds(a)Data3/table/Coursesappliedforbyoverseasstudents(b)/toshowtrendsoverseveralyears(a)/numbers(b)Data1/piechart/Studentapplicationsbyregionin2010(c)/toseetheproportionofaparttothewhole(b)/percentages(c)Task2aUKstudentsbteaching,researchandpublishingcoverseasstudentsdComputerScienceandLifeSciencesTask3abisnotansweredcompletely,asthetextfocusesonlyonteachingincomeandnotonresearchorpublishingincome.bPossibleanswerInformationaboutcourseswithfallingnumbersofstudentsisnotincluded.Task4becauseRoyWilliamspurposeistopromotestudentrecruitmentTask5aTbTcFdFeT(AcceptalsoF.Accordingtothedata,theyareslightlymorepopular,butaccordingtothedata,theirpopularityhasremainedstable.)fFgTTask6Overseasstudentspaythefullcostoftheireducation,sotheirfeesaremuchlargerthanhomeorEUstudents,whoaresubsidisedwithteachinggrantsfromthegovernmenttotheuniversity.

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task7claim:AlmostonehalfofGatewayUniversitystudentscomefromoutsidetheUK,support:withonequarterfromotherEuropeancountriessupport:lessthanonefifthfromregionsoutsideEuropeclaim:applicationnumbersforComputerSciencehaverisensignificantlysupport:tomorethan300interpret:ThemostlikelyreasonforthisisthegreatinterestinComputerSciencefromChineseapplicantsinterpret:andtheneedforwellqualifiedworkersinITandprojectmanagementinmanydevelopingcountriesclaim:therehasbeenasharpincreaseinthenumberofapplicationsfordegreesinLifeSciencessupport:withfivetimesasmanyapplicationsin2010asin2008interpret:GatewayUniversityhasarapidlygrowingreputationinenvironmentalmanagementresearch,whichcouldexplaintheincreasingpopularityofthesedegreesTask8PossibleanswerThisinformationcomesfrombackgroundknowledgeabouttheuniversity.RoyWilliamsknowsalotaboutthetypeandqualityofcourseswhichtheuniversityoffersbecausehehastomarketthesecoursestooverseasstudents.Hecanusethisknowledgetointerpretthedata.Task99.1c,e,d,a,b9.2aSbIcCdCeSTask10aThewriterhaschangedtheinformationbygroupingsomeofthecategoriesinFigure2togethertogiveamoregeneraloverview.bShewantsaclearcontrastbetweendirectandindirectincomefromteaching.Lesson2Task1Possibleanswers1.1amoneywhichisreceivedbytheuniversityfromarangeofsources.bapplicationsfromoverseasstudentsforarangeofcourses.1.2aoverseasstudentsprovidethelargestsourceofdirectincomefromfees.

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010bthemostpopularcoursesareinthefieldsofmanagementandComputerScience.1.3aresearchgrantsprovideasignificantamountofincome.btherehasbeenasharpincreaseinthenumberofapplicantsforLifeSciences.Task2PossibleanswersaApplicationnumbers/haverisenbasharpincrease/thenumberofapplicationscThenumberofapplications/hasfallendasignificantfall/applicationnumberseApplicationnumbers/haveremainedfrapidlygrowingTask3Possibleanswersaat56%.b.About34%ofincomeisfromthissource.cto25in2010.d.Thenumberofapplicationshasfallentojustoveronehalfthenumberin2008.ewith320applicationsin2010.fat50.Task4Possibleanswers4.1amaximizedover;minimizedonly,lessthanbreportedasshownjustovercmaximizedmorethandmaximizedfivetimesasmanyTask5a2b4c1d3Task6ModelanswerHiJian,ImsorrythatyourgradesarentgoodenoughforBalmoral.Itsareallydifficultuniversitytogoto.Butthatsgoodforme,becausemaybeyoucandecidetocometoGateway.YoushouldstudyTheGatekeeperleaguetablesontheweb.Theygivearankingfordifferentuniversities,soyoucancomparethem.Thetopuniversityhasascoreof100,andalltheotheruniversitieshavepointsoutof100.Universitiesmoveupanddowntherankingeachyear,dependingontheirperformance.Thisyear,Gatewaymovedupnineplaces,whichisreallygood.

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Gatewayhasanoverallscoreof69,whichisalittlelessthanStMungos,althoughthestudentssaythequalityofteachingatbothuniversitiesisthesame.StudentsaremoresatisfiedwiththeteachingatBrasherbutmuchlesshappywithDodgson,whichonlygets72%forstudentsatisfaction.ThisisprobablybecausetheclasssizesatGatewayandDodgsonarequitelarge,withanaverageof20studentsinaclass,whereasStMungosandBrasheronlyhave15studentsinaclassonaverage.However,thechancesofgettingajobattheendofyourstudiesarebetterifyoucometoGateway.SeventyfivepercentofGatewaystudentsfindworkattheendoftheirstudies,comparedwith74%forStMungosand73%forBrasher.So,IhopeIvepersuadedyouthatGatewayisagooduniversity.Itismovinguptheleaguetableveryrapidly,whichmeansthatthequalityisimprovingalot.Youalsohaveagoodchanceofgettingajobattheendofyourdegree.Seeyou,Ihope.ChenLesson3Task1openTask22.1a2b4c1d32.2aGuythinksEnglishisdominant,butChenisnotsosure.HethinksChinesecouldbedominantnow.bGuysclaims:Englishisthegloballanguage.;TheInternetstartedwithEnglish,soitsprobablystillthemainlanguage.Chensclaims:AlotmorepeopleinChinacannowaccesstheInternet.;TherearelotsofwebsitesinChinesenowandlotsofpeopleinChina.caGuybGuycChendChenTask33.1stronglanguagetoshowcertainty:itsobvious;everyoneknowsthat;itseverywhere;lotsof;mostcautiouslanguagetoshowuncertainty:justbecausethatdoesntmean;probably;maybe3.2probably;maybeNote:maybeisusedinspeakingbutnotinacademicwriting.

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task44.1Guypresentshisargumentsstrongly.Chenalsousessomestronglanguage(lotsof;most),butheismoreuncertainthanGuy.GuysstyleisoftenusedforspokenargumentandChensismorelikeacademicargument,althoughheusesmaybe,whichisforspeakingandnotforacademicwriting.4.2TheydecidetoconsultthesearchengineGoogletotrytofindouthowmanypeoplespeakEnglishasfirstorforeignlanguage.Task5PossibleanswersTable1:aEnglishbChinesecJapanese;GermanTable2:dAsia;Europe;NorthAmericaeTheseregionsarecomparativelywealthy(largeGDP),sotheyaremorelikelytobeabletoaffordtobuycomputers.fNorthAmerica;Europegalltheothers,especiallyAsiaTask66.1answersasforTask56.2Guywinsintheshortterm,asthefiguresshowthatEnglishisstillthedominantlanguage,butonlyjust.TheyconcludethatChinasonlinepopulationwillgrowquicklycomparedwiththepopulationsofNorthAmericaandEurope,soChinesewillbedominantontheInternetsoon.Task77.1aFbTcFdTeFfF7.2ThedataisreliableenoughtohelpGuyandChenresolvetheirargument.7.3Iftheywantedtousethedatatosupportawrittenargument,theywouldhavetomaketheirclaimsmorecautious,e.g.,EnglishstillseemstobethedominantlanguageontheInternet,butChineseislikelytoovertakeEnglishinthenearfuture.Task8openTask9openLesson4

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Task1aInternetuserswhospeakEnglishbThenumberofChinesespeakersworldwidecTheproportionofEnglishspeakerswithInternetaccessdThenumberofInternetusersinAsiaeThesizeofthepopulationinNorthAmericafTheproportionofpeopleintheAfricanregionwhohaveaccesstotheInternetTask2aInternetuserswhospeakEnglishformthelargestgrouponline.bThenumberofChinesespeakersworldwideisslightlylargerthanthenumberofEnglishspeakers.cTheproportionofEnglishspeakerswithInternetaccessislargerthantheproportionofChinesespeakerswhocanaccesstheInternet.dThenumberofInternetusersinAsiaisthelargestintheworld.eThesizeofthepopulationinNorthAmericaissmallerthanthesizeoftheEuropeanpopulation.fTheproportionofpeopleintheAfricanregionwhohaveaccesstotheInternetisthesmallestofalltheworldregions.Task3PossibleanswersaJustunder30percentofthetotalonlinepopulationusesEnglish.bThereare1,365millionChinesespeakersbutonly1,247millionEnglishspeakers.cWhereas37percentofEnglishspeakerscanaccesstheInternet,only24percentofChinesespeakerscan.dOver40percentofInternetuserscomefromtheAsianregion.eOnly338millionpeopleliveinNorthAmericawhereas804millionpeopleliveinEurope.fInternetpenetrationintheAfricanregionisonly6percent.Task44.1acause:ThenumberofInternetuserseffect:theGDPbcause:TheGDPeffect:thenumberofInternetusers4.2PossibleanswerItismorelikelythatthewealthofaregioncausesmorepeopletobeabletoaffordcomputersandtogoonline.Task55.1c5.2b5.3PossibleanswersaItseemsfromTable2thattherecouldbealinkbetweentheGDPofaregionandthenumberofInternetusersinthatregion.

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010dTheGDPofaregioncouldbeonefactorindeterminingthenumberofInternetusersinthatregion.Task66.1French6.2aC+RbC+RcC+RdC+R+L(thislanguage)eL(thislowfigure)fL(thesecountries)gC+RTask7Sentence4startswithnewinformationfromthecellsinthetable.Thissentenceisaddingnewdetailstotheprevioussentence(3),whichprovidesupportforsentence2.Sentence4couldhavebeenpresentedasaprepositionalphraseaddedtosentence3,e.g.,withonlyaround74millionpeopleusingFrenchonline.However,thiswouldhavemadesentence3toolongandunwieldy.Lesson5Task1a2b2c3d1e1and3f3Task2a1GWS2MSb1MS2GWSc1GWS2MSTask3Maysouncantrytofinddatatosupporttheclaimsofeitherside,inthesamewaythatGuyandChendecidedtodotoresolvetheirargumentinLesson3.Task44.1Purpose:Thewebsitehasbeenpublishedtoexaminetheargumentsofglobalwarmingscepticsandtocountertheirclaimswithevidencefrompeerreviewedscientificresearch.

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Viewpoint:Thewebsiteshowsthetwoopposingsidesoftheglobalwarmingdebate.Thescepticsargumentsareshownfirst,sothattheauthorcancounterthemusingdatafrompublishedresearch.Author:TheauthorisascientistwhostudiedsolarphysicsattheUniversityofQueensland,Australia.Hedoesnotreceivemoneytopublishthewebsiteandisnotconnectedtoanyorganizationsorpoliticalgroups.Quality:Theauthorbaseshisclaimsondatafrompublishedresearch.Hegivesthesourcesofthisresearchandprovideslinkstothepapers.Allthesepaperswerecheckedbyexpertsbeforetheywerepublishedinacademicjournals.4.2Yes,becausetherearesatisfactoryanswerstoallthequestions.Maysouncouldrefertothiswebsiteinherseminar.Itisagoodplacetofindtheargumentsallcollectedtogether.Task5Thegraphseemstochallengethisclaim.Until1975,thetwotrendsappeartobesimilar,suggestingthatthereisarelationshipbetweenheatfromthesunandtheaverageglobaltemperature.However,after1975,temperaturesrosewhileheatfromthesunremainedstable.Thismeansthatrecentglobalwarmingmusthaveadifferentcause.Task6Thegraphseemstochallengethisclaim.Thereisacleardifferencebetweentemperaturesinurbansitesandruralsites,withraisedtemperaturesintheformer.However,thecontinuouslineswhichshowtheoveralltrendshavethesamegradientforbothurbanandruralsites.Thissuggeststhattheunderlyingwarmingisthesameforbothtypesofsite,andtheeffectofurbanheatisnotsignificant.

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Unit10Lesson1Task1aGuy(Heisnotsystematic.)bChen(Heseemswillingtotrynewwaysofrevisingandtolookforinformationhimself.)Maysoun(Shemakesnotesandlooksforexamples.)cMaysoun(Shematchesherrevisiontoherstrengths.)dopenTask2acolumn2;functionsbopen(Functionsareusedtogetthingsdoneinwrittenandspokentext.Theyaretransferabletoalldisciplineswhichuselanguagetocommunicateideas.)Task3a&ba2;inordertob4;isoppositec1;Keepd7;isusuallymorereliablethane8;isaprocesswhichf5;usedtobebecameg3;becauseh6;AlmostonehalfcopenTask44.1Possibleanswerstechnicalvocabulary:foodpoisoning;bacteria;viruses;symptoms;vomiting;diarrhoea;campylobacter;unpasteurized;salmonellageneralacademicvocabulary:shortterm;contaminated;cause;range;trend;concern;factors;inaddition;transferred;(comeinto)contact;severe;avoid4.2Possibleanswersexplainedinthetext:foodpoisoning(defined);campylobacter(generalnoun:bacterium);dairy(examples:milk,cheese)raw(contrastwithcooked)approximateunderstanding:viruses;symptoms;vomiting;diarrhoea;campylobacter;unpasteurized;salmonella4.3Possibleanswersgreen:causeandeffectblue:describeprocessespink:compare,contrast,evaluateyellow:explainchangeanddevelopment4.4openTask5

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010openTask6PossibleanswersComparisoncontrastdominance:common relativecause(C)/effect(E):dangerous/severelinkwords:but relativefrequency:frequently relativeduration:longerCauseeffectnounsandnounphrases:cause/range/reason/factorsverbpatterns:is/lead linkwords:because Task7Possibleanswersthis/the+generalnoun:thereason;theincrease;thebacteriumadjective+noun:increasinginternationaltravel;rawmeats/foods;unpasteurizeddairyproducts;cookedfoods;severeillness;propercooking;runningwater;thesameplace;somesimplestepsnoun+noun/doingnoun:stomachpain;dairyproducts;shorttermillness;kitchenworksurfacesdoingnoun+noun:preparingfoodnoun+of+noun/for+noun:Thenumberofcasesoffoodpoisoning;aconcernforpublichealth;Thereasonfortheincrease;anumberoffactors;Themostcommoncauseoffoodpoisoning;asmallnumberofbacteriaTask8openLesson2Task1aPossibleanswerstohelpstudentsunderstandtheoverallexamformattohelpstudentsunderstandthetypesofquestionstoenablestudentstoidentifytheirownweaknessesandstrengthsandwhattheyneedtoworkonbPossibleanswers3(andpossibly2)(Theanalysisin3givesstudentsastrategicviewofexams,sotheycanpickoutgeneralaspectswhichwillapplytoalltheexamstheymeet.Withapproach1,studentsdonotgainageneralunderstandingofexams.)Task22.1aPossibleanswers

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June20101EnvironmentalStudies2InternationalBusiness3EnvironmentalStudies4ComputerScience5InternationalBusiness6ComputerScience7EnvironmentalStudies8ComputerScience9InternationalBusinessb2;4(severaldefinitionsrequired);5;6;8;92.2a1causeandeffect2define;causeandeffect3define;classifyandgiveexamples4define5define;compareandcontrast6define;describeprocess7evaluate;compareandcontrast8explainchange;evaluate9define;classifyandgiveexamples;compareandcontrastbcauseandeffect:Whataretheeffectsof?;Towhatextentissimilarto.?define:Whatis?;Explainwhatismeantby;Explaintheconceptofcompareandcontrast:Whatarethedifferencesbetween?;Towhatextentissimilarto?;Comparethisdescribeprocess:Explainhowexplainchange:Howhaschanged?Task3Possibleanswers3.1atopic:pollutionspecificaspects:inaruralenvironmentfunctionallanguage:themainsourcesofbtopic:inflationspecificaspects:highinflationfunctionallanguage:theeffectsofctopic:Internetspecificaspects:changedpeopleslivesfunctionallanguage:changed;changes3.2Yes,cTask4atopic:computerbasedlearning;classroomlearningspecificaspects:advantagesanddisadvantagesfunctionallanguage:comparedwithbtopic:cooperativemovementspecificaspects:decline;intheUKfunctionallanguage:factorscontributedtoctopic:IndustrialRevolution;globalclimatechange;economyspecificaspects:inyourcountryfunctionallanguage:thelinkbetween

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010dtopic:Internetspecificaspects:languageisdominantfunctionallanguage:changeinthefutureQuestionsaanddrequireviewpoints.Task5Possibleanswersa6minsb3minsc10minsd18minse6minsf9minsg13minsh15minsi30mins(Thetextis770wordslong.Ataround120130wordsperminuteitshouldtake6minutestoread.Thetotalnumberofmarksis50forreadingand20forwriting,i.e.,70intotal.Thisgivesanapproximatetimeforeachmarkof1.5minutes.)Task66.1No,youcanusuallydothetasksinanyorder,althoughyouneedtoreadandtakenotesbeforeyouwrite.6.2Ifyourunoutoftime,youshouldusuallyleavethetaskandcomebacktoit.Lesson3Task1openTask22.1e;fromthetitleofthebookattheendofthetext2.2Possibleanswersaexplainhow;startedbdefine;aimscexplain;developmentdevaluate;effectivenessedescribe;currentmarketsituationfinformconsumersgexplain;principles;how;maintainedhdescribe;activities;organizations;similaraimsTask3aTheincreaseinsalesvolumeisgiveninparagraph1ofthetext.

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010b&cComparecolumnsfor2007and2008inTable1tocalculategrowthrate,butitshouldbeeasytoseethatsalesforteaandcottonhavedoubled.d&eFindthelargestnumbersinthecolumnfor2008inTable1forUKsales.Thepercentagegrowthcouldbecalculatedtocheck,becausethisisgiveninthereport.f&gLookatTable2inthecolumnforgrowthratestofindthedata[43percentand10percent]andmatchtothecountries.h&iFindcountrieswithgrowthratesofsalesbetween50percentand70percent,i.e.,notabove70percent.j,k&lFindcountrieswithsalesgrowthabove70percent.Task4Possibleanswersa1;2;4;5;6b1;2;4;6c1;5;6Task55.1aUnderstandthedifferencebetweengivingmoneyandreceivingaproductandgivingmoneybutreceivingnothinginreturn.bUnderstandthatchildrenwouldbefreedfromdoingunpaidworkandcouldaffordtoattendschool.Understandthatthestabilityfromthelongtermpartnershipcouldincreaseemploymentprospectsforadultsandreinvestmenttomakeworkpracticessafer.cUnderstandthatthevolumeofsalesislargerinasupermarketthanaFairtradeshopandthatpeoplegotosupermarketsregularlyforotherpurposesbutnottoFairtradeshops.5.2Thisansweriscopiedexactlyfromthetextanddoesnotanswerthequestion.ItdescribesthedevelopmentofFairtradesalesbutdoesnotexplaintheadvantagesofasupermarketoveraFairtradeshop.Task66.1Themainfunctionisindicatedbythewordfactors,whichshowsthattheessayisaboutreasonswhyFairtradeissuccessful.Inaddition,thereisadefinitionandashortchecklistwaystomeasurewhichcanbeusedtoevaluatethesuccessoftheFairtrademovement.6.2Task4,questionbistheanswerrequiredinthenotesnexttotheheadingsuccess.Questioncrelatesdirectlytothethirdfactor,standards.Task5,questionbrelatesdirectlytothesecondfactor,partnerships,andquestion3relatestothefourthfactor,marketing.6.3openTask7open

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Practiceexam1Task11.1f1.2a2b1c4d6e1g5h3Task2a22%bteaccottondcoffee/bananasebananas/coffeeftheUnitedKingdomgtheUnitedStateshCanada/GermanyiGermany/CanadajAustraliaandNewZealand/Norway/SwedenkAustraliaandNewZealand/Norway/SwedenlAustraliaandNewZealand/Norway/SwedenTask3a3b3c1d2Task4aPossibleanswersConsumerscanbenefitpoorerpeopleinapracticalwaythatisguaranteedbythesystem.Theygetagoodproduct.Consumersfeelmoreconnectedtoproducersindevelopingcountriesandmoreawareoftheeffectsofgiving.bThesuccessoftheFairtrademovementcouldbemeasuredintermsof:increasedsalesandexpandingmarketsforFairtradeproducts;betterqualityoflifeforproducers:increasedincome,improvedproductionpractices,morepoliticalpowertoensuretheirviewsareheard.cItisimportantbecauseithelpstoensurethatconsumersknowthatthelabelcanbetrustedandthatthebenefitsreachproducersindevelopingcountries.Task5PossibleanswersaWhendonatingmoneytoacharity,giversgetsnothinginreturnexcepttheknowledgethattheyaredoingsomethinggood.Receiversarenotabletorepay

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010themoneyandmaynotbeabletouseittobuildabetterlife.Often,receiversdonothavethepowertosayhowthemoneyshouldbeused.bTheincreasedincomefromfairpricescouldhelptopayforschoolfeesandthechildreninthefamilywouldnotberequiredtoleaveschoolinordertoworkonthefarm.Oldermembersofthefamilymightbeabletoaffordbetterhealthcare.Thelongtermpartnershipbetweenproducersandbuyers,whichleadstostabilityandachancetoexpandproduction,mightcreatemorejobs.Saferproductionpracticesmeanlessinjuryandsolesstimeoffwork.cManymorepeopleshopinsupermarketsthaninFairtradeshops,sothereispotentialforincreasingsales.AllkindsofpeoplegointosupermarketsandmightbepersuadedtobuyFairtradeproducts,whereasonlypeoplewhoalreadyknowaboutFairtradegointoFairtradeshops.Task6seemodelnotesModelnotesFairtrade(definition)=socialmovement helpfarmersgetfairprices improvelivesbyextrapaymentSuccess(twowaystomeasure) growth:steadygrowthsince1950s;2008Fairtradeglobalconsumerspending=2.5billion,22%increasefrom2007impactonproducersqualityoflifemoreemployment/bettereducationFactorsleadingtosuccess1.fairness[naturaltendencyforpeopletowanttohelpothers]consumers/producerslinkedmoredirectlyconsumersawareofissues adependenceonmarketswhichfixpricespeopleinWesthelpdevelopingcountriesduringfamine/naturaldisasters Traidcraft/religiousgroupspromotefairnessininternationaltrade2.partnershipsTraidcraft/religiousgroups/linkstotradeorganizationsindevelopingcountries [Fairtradebenefitaspartoflargerdevelopment]Longtermpartnershipsbuyers/producersstabilityplan/improvepractices3.standards principlespromotefairnessproducersformcooperative/tradeuniongainpowerchallengeunfairpractices Fairtradelabellingguaranteesstandards[consumerstrustlabel]4.marketing

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010Fairtradelabelsproductssoldinsupermarkets[reachmorepeople]

Task7seemodelanswerModelanswerFairtradeisasocialmovementwhichaimstopayfarmersindevelopingcountriesafairpricefortheirgoodswithanadditionalpaymenttohelpthemimprovetheirlocalcommunities(Aguilar,2009).ThemovementbeganintheUKinthe1950sandhasspreadtomanycountriesaroundtheworld.Onewaytomeasurethebrandssuccessistolookatitssalesvalues,whichintheUKdoubledbetween2004and2006andmorethandoubledagainbetween2006and2008(FairtradeFoundation).Anotherwayistoconsidertheimpactonthequalityoflifeoffarmersandtheircommunitiesindevelopingcountries.SeveralstudieshaveshownthatthisimprovessignificantlywithaFairtradepartnership.Anumberoffactorscontributetothissuccess.Mostpeoplefeelgoodaboutbuyingproductswhichenablethemtohelppeopleindevelopingcountries,andthisseemsafairthingtodo.Fairtrademakesconsumersmoreawareoftheissueoffairnessinworldtradeandenablesthemtomakeasmallcontribution.Partnershipsareanotherimportantfactor.TheFairtrademovementhasbenefitedfrompartnershipsestablishedbydevelopmentorganizationsandreligiousgroupsinthedevelopedcountrieswithtradeorganizationsindevelopingcountries.Inturn,itmaintainslongtermpartnershipsbetweenproducersandbuyers.Thisenablesthefarmingcommunitytoplanforthefutureandimprovepractices.ItisimportantforFairtradetofollowprinciplestopromotefairnessandsetstandards,sothatconsumerstrustthebrandandcontinuetobuyit.Theprinciplesincludecooperativeownershiportherighttoformtradeunions.TheFairtradeLabellingOrganizationisresponsibleformaintainingstandardsbycarryingoutinspections.TheFairtradelabel,introducedinthe1980s,meantthatFairtradeproductscouldbesoldinsupermarkets,reachingmoreconsumersandcompetingwithordinarygoods.LargercompaniesthenbecameawareofthelabelandusedFairtradeingredientssotheirownproductscouldbenefitfromthebrandspopularity.Practiceexam2ListeningTask1a;b;eTask2aGuyisgoingtogotothelibrarytopreparefortheseminarsohecanparticipate,ratherthangoinghomeandmissingtheseminar.

EDITEDDRAFTMANUSCRIPTONLY,June2010bGuyisgoingtoalibraryworkshop,gettinghelpfromhisfriendsandcompletingthestudyplanhimself.cGuyasksDrMalikforspecifichelpwithaMathsproblem.Task3bforinformationcstrategic/dominantdtakecontrolofyourreadingeshop/shopping/storeguidefessay/researchgDeweyDecimalsystem/333.73htogetasummaryofthemainfeatures/tofind(relevantpagesfor)thespecifictopiciquickly/togetanoverview/themaintopics/slowlyandcarefullyjtodiscovertheauthorsviewpoint/togetanoverviewkdeveloped/earlier/previous/originalllibrary/contentsTask4aadepartmentstore.bfamilies.Task5a4b7c2d5e1f3g6Task6aPossibleanswers2,becauseitexaminesaspecificcauseofpollution;3mightprovideabackgroundforcomparisonswithSyria;6,becausealthoughnotaboutSyria,thelocationsareclosegeographicallyandpossiblyatasimilarstageofdevelopment;7willsuggestanswerstoproblemsofpollutionbPossibleanswers1ismainlyaboutfish,althoughitmayhaveinformationaboutpollutioninrelationtofishfarming;4isnotaboutpollution;5isaboutBritainandnotdirectlyaboutpollution [Answerkeyends]