access to freely available journal articles: gold, green, and rogue open access across the...
TRANSCRIPT
Access to Freely Available Journal Articles:
Gold, Green, and Rogue Open Access Across the Disciplines
Charleston ConferenceNovember 3, 2016
Michael Levine-ClarkUniversity of Denver
John McDonaldUniversity of Southern California
Jason PriceSCELC Library Consortium
Single publisher referring Site URL data
U of Denver
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyone
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/04/whos-downloading-pirated-papers-everyone
A Science survey of 11,000 researchers . . .
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/05/survey-most-give-thumbs-pirated-papers
Yes
No
I don’t haveaccess
Convenience
Other
Object to profitsoff academics 23%
88%
51%
17%
9%
12%
Our Journal Article Sample
• 300 articles indexed in Scopus
• Published in 2015• 100 from Arts & Humanities
• 100 from Social Sciences
• 100 from Life Sciences
• 100 journal articles randomly selected from 2000-4000 English language records matching each subject area
• extracted in August 2016
Definitions
Availability• Presence of full text in a “free”
version
Search Locations • Google Scholar
• ResearchGate
• Sci-Hub
Access Type• ‘Gold’ OA – open access on the
publisher’s website
• ‘Green’ OA – open access in a repository or author website
• ‘Rogue’ OA – freely available via an academic social network (ResearchGate, academia.edu)
• Pirated – freely available via Sci-Hub, a pirate site
Methodology
• Searched each article title in:• Google Scholar
• Counted:• Access type (gold, green, rogue)
• Number of title match results
• Number of results w/ available full text (from off campus)
• Searched each article title in:• ResearchGate (if not already found
there via Google Scholar or Google)
• Sci-Hub.cc
• Measured title match vs. freely available full-text results
Access TypeSource of the full text article: Gold OA, Green OA, Rogue OA, Pirated
• How many articles are Gold OA?
• How many articles are Green OA? In Institutional Repositories In Subject Repositories On author websites
• How many articles are available in Rogue and Pirate systems ResearchGate & academia.edu Sci-Hub
Gold/Green/Rogue
Articles availablevia Gold OA
DisciplinePublisher Websites
Arts & Humanities 23
Social Sciences 25
Life Sciences 32
Total 80/300 (26%)
Articles Available via Green OA
DisciplineInstitutiona
l Repository
Subject Repositor
y
Author Website
(Self-Archived
)
Total Articles
Arts & Humanities
6 4 5 13
Social Sciences 14 10 3 19
Life Sciences 7 27 2 27
Total 27 (9%)41
(14%)10
(3%)59 (20%)
Articles available in Rogue Systems
ResearchGate academia.eduTotal Rogue
Arts & Humanities 11 20 26
Social Sciences 36 9 40
Life Sciences 44 5 45
ALL 91 (30%) 34 111 (37%)
DisciplineAll OA
Sources
Arts & Humanities
49
Social Sciences
60
Life Sciences
57
Total166/300 (55.3%)
DisciplinePirated Articles available
in Sci-Hub
Arts & Humanities 86
Social Sciences 87
Life Sciences 87
Total 260/300 (87%)
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
ALL
AH
SS
LS
80
23
25
32
24
10
8
6
Additive availability by article source
Gold Green Not Gold
Additive from Left -> Right
Additive from Left -> Right
Search LocationWhere do we find available full text? Google Scholar, Google, ResearchGate, Sci-Hub
Google ScholarALL
versions (average #)
# w/ Google Scholar
(right-hand)
OA links
Arts & Humanities 2.55 35
Social Sciences 3.63 39
Life Sciences 5.03 48
Total 3.74 122/300 (41%)
Google # of title matches
OA Articles Available
Arts & Humanities 2.94 37
Social Sciences 2.99 40
Life Sciences 3.62 45
Total 3.18122/300(41.3%)
Conclusions
It’s hard to follow the rules:
• 26% Gold OA
• 20% Green OA
• 37% Rogue OA
• 87% Pirated
*Starting with Google Scholar, supplemented by Google, is a slightly better strategy than starting with ResearchGate
*Starting with Sci-Hub, and bypassing legitimate search options entirely, gives the best results for users willing to use pirated papers
*Libraries and publishers should be concerned
Next Steps
• Examine OA ‘discoverability’ and availability in library Discovery Systems
• How effective are library linking tools in providing full-text access to OA articles?
1) Collar Google Scholar? 2) Emulate ResearchGate?
3) Don’t ignore the Sci-hub pirate club!
How should libraries respond?
1) Collar Google Scholar?
• Link to Scholar results from OpenUrl resolver results to leverage more full text
OR
• Draw Scholar OA full text links into the results menu when they are available?
1) Collar Google Scholar?
• Link to Scholar results from OpenUrl resolver results to leverage more full text
OR
• Draw Scholar OA full text links into the results menu when they are available?
2) Emulate ResearchGate?• Include metadata for ALL faculty
publications in Institutional Repositories (even if the an OA copy is not available)
• Allow users to request a copy through the institutional repository listing
2) Emulate ResearchGate?• Include metadata for ALL faculty
publications in Institutional Repositories (even if the an OA copy is not available)
• Allow users to request a copy through the institutional repository listing
2) Emulate ResearchGate?• Include metadata for ALL faculty
publications in Institutional Repositories (even if the an OA copy is not available)
• Allow users to request a copy through the institutional repository listing
3) Don’t ignore the Sci-Hub (pirate) club!
Recall that: • 88% of researchers
do NOT think it is wrong to download pirated papers
• 87% of papers are available via Sci-Hub
3) Don’t ignore the Sci-Hub (pirate) club!
Recall that: • 88% of researchers
do NOT think it is wrong to download pirated papers
• 87% of papers are available via Sci-Hub