accessible images: from creation to user
DESCRIPTION
Accessible Images: From Creation to User. Lucia Hasty Rocky Mountain Braille Associates Bryan Gould & Geoff Freed WGBH National Center for Accessible Media Presented by the DIAGRAM Center. Introduction Lucia Hasty – Tactile Graphics Bryan Gould – How to Write Descriptions - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Accessible Images:From Creation to User
Lucia HastyRocky Mountain Braille Associates
Bryan Gould & Geoff FreedWGBH National Center for Accessible Media
Presented by the DIAGRAM Center
1. Introduction
2. Lucia Hasty – Tactile Graphics
3. Bryan Gould – How to Write Descriptions
4. Geoff Freed – User Experience
5. Request for Publisher Interviews
6. DIAGRAM at CSUN
7. Questions & Answers
Tactile Diagrams Also referred to as
Tactile Graphics
Raised line drawings
Found in
Braille Textbooks
Braille Supplements and Stand-alones
Production Methods
• Collage and/or tooling - Thermoform copy
• Microcapsule paper (Swell paper)
• Computer designed and embossed
• Commercial production (press braille; resin,
ink or powder deposit)
Decision Tree for Tactile Graphics
• Is the information a repeat of facts in text?
• Would the information be more meaningful
in text form?
• Does the graphic require the reader to use visual discrimination or visual perception?
–If yes, do not produce a tactile graphic.
Would be more meaningful in text form
Decision Tree for Tactile Graphics
• Is the actual object unavailable to examine by touch?
• Does the reader need the information to
participate in an activity, complete an
assignment, understand the concept?
–If yes, produce a graphic
Decision Tree for Tactile Graphics
• From
BANA Guidelines and Standards for Tactile Graphics 2010
Braille Authority of North America
How to Write Descriptions
The description author should consider three basic questions about each image in order to give effective and efficient description.
1.Why is the image there?
2.Who is the intended audience?
3.If there is no description what will the viewer miss?
Determine What To Describe
Before describing an image, the description author must determine what on the page is already accessible and what is not accessible.
•What is text?
•Is the text accessible?
•Is the text navigable?
•What is an image?
What To Describe
Activity Sidebar Main Text
Image
What To DescribeTitle info
Text or
Image of Text?
Text or
Image of Text?
Image
Recommendation is for a Tactile Diagram.
Resulting Alt Text: A diagram shows the circulation of oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood through the heart and lungs.
Four years of NSF-funded research produced guidelines for making STEM images accessible.
STEM = Science, Technology, Engineering and Math
STEM Description Guidelines
STEM Description Guidelines
Brevity
Data
Clarity
Drill-Down Organization
Tables, Lists & MathML
BrevityDataClarityDrill-Down OrganizationTables, Lists & MathML
PROSE Recorded rate of violent crimes and property crimes: aggravated assault every 37 seconds, robbery every 1.2 minutes, forcible rape every 5.8 minutes, murder and nonnegligent manslaughter every 31.1 minutes, larceny-theft every 5 seconds, burglary every 15 seconds, motor vehicle theft every 29 seconds.
MARK UPRecorded rate of violent crimes and property crimes:•aggravated assault every 37 seconds•robbery every 1.2 minutes•forcible rape every 5.8 minutes•murder and nonnegligent manslaughter every 31.1 minutes•larceny-theft every 5 seconds•burglary every 15 seconds•motor vehicle theft every 29 seconds
PROSE
Recorded Rate of Property Crimes
A line chart shows the recorded rate of property crimes 1960 to 2007 including larceny theft, burglary and motor vehicle theft. All property crimes increased significantly from 1960 and peaked in the early 1980s. Property crimes fell then rose again over the next decade. Since the late 1980s to 2007, property crime has been on a steady decline, though still higher than in 1960. The following data are approximate, with the year followed by the crime rate.
All Property Crimes: 1960 1,800, 1970 3,500, 1980 5,500, 1990 5,100, 2000 3,600, 2007 3,300. Larceny-theft: 1960 1,000, 1970 2,200, 1980 3,300, 1990 3,200, 2000 2,500, 2007 2,300. Burglary: 1960 600, 1970 1,100, 1980 1,600, 1990 1,300, 2000 700, 2007 700. Motor vehicle theft: 1960 100, 1970 500, 1980 600, 1990 650, 2000 400, 2007 300.
MARK UP
Recorded Rate of Property Crimes
A line chart shows the recorded rate of property crimes 1960 to 2007 including larceny theft, burglary and motor vehicle theft. All property crimes increased significantly from 1960 and peaked in the early 1980s. Property crimes fell then rose again over the next decade. Since the late 1980s to 2007, property crime has been on a steady decline, though still higher than in 1960. The following data are approximate, with the year followed by the crime rate.
<table border="1" align="center"><caption>Recorded Rate of Property Crimes</caption>
<tr><th scope="col"></td><th scope="col">1960</th><th scope="col">1970</th><th scope="col">1980</th><th scope="col">1990</th><th scope="col">2000</th><th scope="col">2007</th></tr>
<tr><th scope="row">All Property Crimes</th><td>1,800</td><td>3,500</td><td>5,500</td><td>5,100</td><td>3,600</td><td>3,300</td></tr>
<tr><th scope="row">Larceny-theft</th><td>1,000</td><td>2,200</td><td>3,300</td><td>3,200</td><td>2,500</td><td>2,300</td></tr>
• Image descriptions can be included in a
variety of digital publications…
• DTB, e-books, PDF, HTML
• …through a variety of methods
• @alt, @longdesc, prodnote,
describedby, visible text, hidden text
Accessing image descriptions
• Not all description-delivery methods work on all
devices • Additional considerations• while markup might be permitted in the
description (depending on the authoring tool), the
reader may not interpret the markup correctly• plain text vs markup• text vs TTS vs audio
Accessing image descriptions
• Demonstration:
• Read2go (http://read2go.org)
• iOS DTB reader w/built-in TTS
• read with Windows screen reader
• HTML
• read with any screen reader
Accessing image descriptions
• Different authoring applications permit
different forms of image descriptions
• DTB: Tobi, Dolphin Publisher,
OpenOffice, Poet
• e-book and PDF: InDesign, OpenOffice,
Word
• HTML
Accessing image descriptions
• DIAGRAM product matrices: image-
description support across many
hardware/software devices:
http://diagramcenter.org
Accessing image descriptions
Request for Publisher Interviews!
• Help DIAGRAM create tools to help you
increase efficiency of producing accessible
images.
• Contact: [email protected]
DIAGRAM at CSUN
February 25 – March 2, 2013 – San Diego http://www.csun.edu/cod/conference/2013
• 2/28: “Born Accessible: Inclusive Publishing” with Larry Goldberg, George Kerscher, and Betsy Beaumon
• 3/1: “Latest Developments in Math Accessibility” with Dave Schleppenbach, Neil Soiffer, Ed Summers, and Anh Bui
Contact Information
Lucia HastyRocky Mountain Braille [email protected]
Bryan Gould & Geoff FreedWGBH National Center for Accessible [email protected], [email protected]
DIAGRAM Center
Funded by Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP)
diagramcenter.org