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Curren Affairs eBook] February, 2017

www.jagranjosh.com | Preface 4

PREFACE

The Current Affairs February-2017 eBook covers the current events that happened in the month of January. Current Affairs is a crucial component of any competitive exams including IAS|PCS, SSC, Banking and MBA.

The Current Affairs play the bigger role in many competitive and government exams. It holds the power of making or breaking your chance of success. Therefore, the candidates should cover the Current Affairs thoroughly and smartly.

However, there are huge numbers of student who are often confused about how to prepare the current affairs section of the different competitive exams. To clear such doubts and confusion, Jagranjosh.com has come up with eBook concept.

Although current affairs section per se is very wide to be covered, yet we have tried to cover all the possible current affairs for the month of January 2017.

The Current Affairs February-2017 eBook is divided into different section keeping in mind the need of various exams. The sections covered namely are International, National, Economy, Ecology and Environment, Science & Technology, Corporate, Sports, States News Makers and few others.

Every news item in each section is arranged date wise with the most recent news being covered first and so on. Highlights of the issue are- Eeverything about Budget, Idea of simultaneous elections in India, India’s new defence policy- 2014-16, the story of three parent baby, Jallikattu Controversy.

Presentation of the given current affairs has been planned meticulously. It has been planned in such a way that it remains in the minds of readers for a longer duration. Wherever necessary each news item is presented along with a background and analysis so as to help candidates contemplate all the important current events at the time of exam in an effective way.

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Disclaimer

Readers are requested to verify/cross-check up to their satisfaction themselves about the advertisements, advertorials, and external

contents. If any mishappening, ill result, mass depletion or any similar incident occurs due to any information cited or referenced in this

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February, 2017 [Curren Affairs eBook]

5 INDEX | www.jagranjosh.com

INDEX

Cover Story ............................................................................................... 8

National | India ...................................................................................... 28

Economy ................................................................................................. 82

Corporate ............................................................................................. 120

Committees | Commissions ................................................................. 127

Defence | Security ................................................................................ 131

Environment | Ecology ......................................................................... 134

Science | Technology ........................................................................... 147

International | World ........................................................................... 170

Summit | Conference ........................................................................... 209

Art | Culture ......................................................................................... 211

Awards | Honours ................................................................................ 215

Sports ................................................................................................... 233

Person Appointed ................................................................................. 262

Person Died .......................................................................................... 282

States .................................................................................................... 296

Day | Week | Year ................................................................................ 315

Exam booster ....................................................................................... 323

Quizzes ................................................................................................. 327

Quantitative Aptitude (IBPS PO Pre) .................................................... 338

Sarkari Naukri ....................................................................................... 377

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L=50,000

pyramid = (1/3) b h

cone = (1/3) b h = 1/3 pi r 2 h

P = C (1 + r) t

B = A (1 + r/n)NT - P

2/PI = sqrt2/2 * sqrt( 2 + sqrt2 )/2 * sqrt(2 + ( sqrt( 2 + sqrt2) ) )/2 * ...c

PI/4 = 1/1 - 1/3 + 1/5 - 1/7 + ...

(n 0)B0 + (n 1)B1 + (n 2)B2

gamma = - integral(0-inf) e^-x ln x dx

Gamma(x+1) = x Gamma(x)

Gamma(x) = r x(integral)(0 to inf) e -rt t (x-1) dt

-(x+2) = 9-x -2 = 9-x = 11x = -11

ABSOLUTE VALUE

|−23|+|4|

4 × π × r2

(½) d1d2

1. |–a| = |a|

2. |a| ≥ 0

|a – b| ≥ |a| – |b

a+b =c

cone = (1/3) b h = 1/3 pi r 2 h

(4/3) pi r1 r2 r3

P = C e rt

PI/4 = 1/1 - 1/3 + 1/5 - 1/7 + ...

1. |–a| = |a|

2. |a| 2/PI = sqrt2/2 * sqrt( 2 + sqrt2 )/2 * sqrt(2 + ( sqrt( 2 + sqrt2) ) )/2 * ...c

-x ln x dx

Gamma(x+1) = x Gamma(x)

-(x+2) = 9-x -2 = 9-x = 11x = -11

(½) d1d2

cone = (1/3) b h = 1/3 pi r 2 h

(4/3) pi r1 r2 r3

P = C e rt

PI/4 = 1/1 - 1/3 + 1/5 - 1/7 + ...

1. |–a| = |a|

2. |a| 2/PI = sqrt2/2 * sqrt( 2 + sqrt2 )/2 * sqrt(2 + ( sqrt( 2 + sqrt2) ) )/2 * ...c

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www.jagranjosh.com | cover story 8

COVER STORY

Everything you should know about Union Budget

from 2017

The Budget

The constitution of India defines

union budget under the article

112. It is also known as Annual

Financial statement. Budget is

estimated revenues and

expenditure of the Government

during a year. Budget is

presented for the proceeding

financial year. Every budget

consists of Actual figures for

preceding year’s budget and

revised figures for the current year and budget estimates for the following years. Under

Article 112 of the Constitution, a Statement of estimated expenditure of the Union

Government has to be laid before the Parliament in respect of every financial year running

from 1st April to 31st March. The union government has decided to present the budget on

1 February from 2017 before the parliament. Earlier it used to pass it on end of the

February.

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE BUDGET?

The union budget is categorized into three parts:

Consolidated Fund: Consolidated Fund consists of revenues received by the government

and expenses made by it, excluding the exceptional items. This fund was established under

Article 266 (1) of the Constitution of India. All revenues received by the government by way

of direct taxes and indirect taxes, money borrowed and receipts from loans given by the

government come under the Consolidated Fund of India. All government expenditure is

made from this fund, excluding exceptional items which are met from the Contingency Fund

or the Public Account. No money is permitted to be withdrawn from this fund without the

Parliament's approval.


9 cover story | www.jagranjosh.com

Public Account: Public Account of India was constituted for those transactions where the

government is merely acting as a banker. This fund was established under Article 266 (2) of

the Constitution.

Contingency Fund: Contingency Fund is constituted as an imprest account to meet some

urgent expenditure of the government. This fund was established by the government under

Article 267 of the Constitution of India. The Contingency fund is at the disposal of the

President. Any expenditure drawn from this fund requires a subsequent approval from the

Parliament and the withdrawn amount is submitted to the fund from the Consolidated

Fund.

HOW BUDGET IS CREATED?

1. Role of the Parliament

Indian parliamentary system of Government is based on Westminster model. The

Constitution has vested the power over the purse in the hands of elected representatives of

the people. It sanctifies the principle ‘no taxation without representation’. The government

is constitutionally obliged to present the preparation of the budget for the approval of the

Legislature. Legislative control over expenditure, Legislative prerogative over taxation, and

executive initiative in financial matters are some of the fundamental principles of the

system of Parliamentary financial control. The Constitution of India of India has laid down

specific provisions incorporating these tenets. For example, article 265 states that ‘no tax

shall be levied or collected except by authority of law’, and article 266 states that no

expenditure can be incurred except with the authorization of the Legislature.

2. Demands for Grants

The expenditures whose estimate gets mentioned in the budged are required to be voted by

Lok Sabha. These estimates are in the form of Demands for Grants. These Demands for

grants are arranged Ministry-wise and a separate Demand for each of the major services is

presented. Each Demand graft carries first a statement of the total grant and then a

statement of the detailed estimate divided into items.

HOW BUDGET IS PRESENTED?

In India, the date of the Budget presentation in the parliament is fixed by the President. The

Budget speech of the Finance Minister is divided into two parts. Part I deals with the general

economic survey of the country while Part II deals with taxation proposals. The Union

Budget is presented in Lok Sabha by the Minister of Finance. The minister of finance makes

a speech introducing the Budget.



WHAT ARE THE OTHER DOCUMENTS OF THE BUDGET?

Apart from, the ‘Annual Financial Statement’ Government presents the following

documents in the Union budget:

1. An Explanatory Memorandum which briefly explains the nature of expenditure and

receipts during the current year and the next year and the reasons for variations in the

estimates for the two years.

2. The Books of Demands which shows the provisions Ministry-wise and a separate Demand

for each Department and service of the Ministry.

3. The Finance Bill which deals with the taxation measures proposed by Government is

introduced immediately after the presentation of Budget. A memorandum explaining the

provisions of the Bill and their effect on the finances of the country is also presented with

the financial bill. We have elaborated the finance bill below in detail.

WHAT HAPPENS AFTER THE PRESENTATION OF THE BUDGET?

Vote on Account

Discussion on Budget takes place after a few days of the presentation of the Budget. The

Parliament can’t vote the entire budget before the beginning of the new financial year. This

creates the requirement to keep enough finance at the disposal of Government so that it

could run the administration of the country. Therefore, there is a special provision named

"Vote on Account" by which Government obtains the Vote of Parliament for a sum

adequate to incur expenditure on various items for a part of the year.

Analysis of the budget in the Parliament

After the General Discussion on both General Budget as well as Railway, the House is

adjourned for a certain period. During this period, the Demands for Grants of various

Departments /Ministries including Railways are considered by concerned Standing

Committees (Rule 331G). These Committees are responsible for making their reports to the

House within a fixed period without asking for more time. The Standing Committee consists

of 45 Members, 30 from Lok Sabha and 15 from Rajya Sabha. After the presentation of the

reports to the House, by the Standing Committees, the House moves ahead to the

discussion and Voting on Demands for Grants, Ministry-wise. The time for Voting of

Demands and discussion for Grants is allocated by the Speaker in consultation with the

Leader of the House. On the last day, the Speaker puts all the outstanding Demands to the

Vote of the House. This device is commonly known as ‘guillotine’.



Lok Sabha is given the power to assent to or refuse any Demand or even to reduce the

amount of Grant sought by Government. There is only a general discussion in Rajya Sabha

on the Budget. It does not have the power to vote on the Demands for Grants. Members of

both houses have full opportunity to criticize the budgetary provisions during the course of

the discussion. And they also have the opportunity to make suggestions for improving the

financial position of the country.

WHAT ARE THE BILLS WHICH ARE MANDATORY AFTER THE BUDGET?

1. Appropriation Bill

The Appropriation Bill is introduced by the government after the completion of the General

Discussion on the Budget proposals and Voting on Demands for Grants. The Appropriation

Bill is aimed to give authority to Government to incur expenditure from and out of the

Consolidated Fund of India. The procedure for passing this Bill is the same as in the case of

other money Bills.

2. Finance Bill

The Finance Bill seeks to give effect to the Government’s taxation proposals which is

introduced in Lok Sabha immediately after the presentation of the General Budget. The

finance bill is taken up for consideration and it is passed after the Appropriation Bill. Some

provisions in the Bill which are related to levy and collection of fresh duties come into effect

instantaneously on the expiry of the day on which the Bill is introduced under the

Provisional Collection of Taxes Act. The Finance Bill must be passed within 75 days of its

introduction by the Parliament.

Inclusion of Motor Vehicle Bill and Railway Budget in the Union Budget from 2017

The government of India has decided to merge Railway budget with Union Budget from

2017. It has also decided to present Motor Vehicle Bill along with Union budget and Railway

budget.

WHAT IS MOTOR VEHICLE BILL?

The union government has decided to present Motor Vehicle Bill with the Union Budget on

February 1.The Ministry of Road Transport and Highways formed a group of 18 Transport

Ministers of the States to advise changes to the existing Motor Vehicle Act to improve safety

for commuters. The committee’s recommendations have been assimilated as amendments

to 68 of the 223 sections in the Motor Vehicles Act. Recently sharp higher fines for traffic

rule violations were witnessed in the country. The new law includes comprehensive rules

that run the gamut on every aspect of road safety, from a National Registry for vehicles, to



guidelines encouraging commuters to report and help accident victims, to automated

testing for driving licences.

WHAT IS RAILWAY BUDGET?

The concept of the railway budget was advocated by British politician William Ackworth in

1924. He recommended a separate railway budget because, at that time, most of the

infrastructure spending by the British government went towards building railway lines. In

last year, the Government took a decision to merge Rail Budget with the Union Budget from

the budget year 2017-18. The merger is based on the recommendations of the Committee

headed by Bibek Debroy, who is a member of NITI Aayog. Bibek Debroy along with Kishore

Desai presented a separate paper on ‘Dispensing with the Railway Budget’. A Committee

with representatives from Ministry of Finance and Ministry of Railways examined the issues

mentioned and worked out the procedural details. The merger of the Union budget and

railway budget would mean that the Indian Railways would not have to separately bear the

burden. The Capital at the charge of the Railways on which annual dividend is paid by the

Railways will be relieved. Due to this, there would be no dividend liability for Railways from

2017-18 while Ministry of Railways would continue to get Gross Budgetary support for

capital expenditure.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Idea of simultaneous elections in India

Prime Minister Narendra Modi

advocated a very pertinent idea of

having simultaneous elections for

the Lok Sabha and state assemblies.

On September 5, 2016, on the

occasion of Teacher’s Day, President

Pranab Mukherjee also supported

the idea and urged all parties to

consider putting an end to constant

elections to ensure political stability. These statements by the prime minister and the

president have triggered a debate on simultaneous elections in India.

We have tried to explore this proposal in detail that whether holding elections

simultaneously is feasible and would suit the working of our democratic system.

Other Such Suggestions:



In a report on electoral reforms in India in 1999, The Law Commission had suggested that

simultaneous Lok Sabha and state assembly elections can be helpful to improve governance

and stability. To avoid frequent elections it is necessary to have stable elected bodies.

Elections in India have taken a form of a continuous cycle. Political parties in various states

are constantly seen in campaign mode. They always seem to be preparing for one election

or the other. This negatively affects policymaking and governance as the government is

captured in short-term thinking. It puts pressure on the exchequer and also puts pressure

on political parties, especially smaller ones, as elections are becoming increasingly

expensive.

In December 2015, A department-related parliamentary standing committee which

submitted its report studied the issue in detail and made some recommendations on

simultaneous elections. The committee suggested that general public opinion supports the

idea of simultaneous elections. One important suggestion it received was that elections for

assemblies with a term ending six months before or after the Lok Sabha election could be

clubbed with general elections. If this suggestion is implemented, this would mean assembly

elections can be held in 12 states in 2019 along with the Lok Sabha polls. It will help in taking

forward the process of economic reforms as decisions will not always be hostage to

assembly elections.

IMPACTS OF SIMULTANEOUS ELECTIONS

1. Improvement in Governance efficiency:

In India, if the elections to the local bodies are considered there is no year without some

elections taking place. Now this vicious circle of continuous elections is required to be

broken. It directly affects stability and without it, a satisfactory law and order situation and

economic development, situation are not possible. It can be said that efficient governance is

the first casualty when winning elections is the first priority of all politicians and

understandably so. As a result, and attending to people’s grievances and running an

administration take a back-seat and the bureaucracy rules the roost. As the moral code of

conduct is enforced during elections, this hampers the pace of economic development. So, If

all elections are held in one particular year, it will give a clear four years to the political

parties to focus on good governance.

2. Cost Reduction in Elections:

It is an undeniable fact that a huge amount of money is spent in conducting elections in

India, both by political parties and the candidates as well as the Election Commission of

India(the government). In India, there is a legal limit on how much money a candidate can

spend on his campaign from his own sources but most spend as much as they can in the

belief that this would help them reach out to a larger number of voters and also increase



their chances of winning. The simultaneous elections would reduce the amount of money

spent in the election. And Election commission’s money which comes from the public

exchequer would also be significantly reduced because it will have to do fewer

arrangements for less time to conduct the elections. There is hardly any doubt that the

fewer the number of elections, the lesser would be the expenses.

3. Stability In Elected Bodies:

To avoid frequent elections it is necessary to have stable elected bodies. India’s

parliamentary democracy is based on strong constitutional principles. It is mature enough

not to divert into a unitary model just because of simultaneous elections. And simultaneous

elections will help in electing stable elected bodies in long run. When elections happen

frequently and without any certainty it becomes difficult to have stability in elected bodies.

At the start, it would be difficult to get stability in election bodies but after 3-4 consecutive

simultaneous elections, it will become possible. Apart from it, In India, it is relevant to note

that a no-confidence motion is not mentioned in the Constitution or any law. It is mentioned

in Rule 198 of the Rules and Conduct of Business of the Lok Sabha, which states that 50 or

more members can move a no-confidence motion. If it succeeds, the government has to

resign. If no other party or parties can form the government, premature elections follow.

Apart from the consecutive government, an amendment is needed in this law. In Germany,

there is such law which allows the president to appoint a Marshal who conducts the

government till its time limit. This law will also be consistent with the notion of collective

responsibility of the government to the House as mentioned in Article 75 (3) of the

Constitution.

4. Transparency about the new Government:

Due to simultaneous elections, the country will always have a government which enjoys the

confidence of the Lok Sabha. People will come to know in advance who is going to be the

next PM and avoid the uncertainty as to who will lead the government. It will help in

ensuring that Lok Sabha completes its normal term of five years which is also mentioned in

the Constitution. If this proposal is applied to the states and local bodies, we can also have

transparency in all branches of the government.

5. Time Reduction in Elections:

There are undoubted benefits in conducting national and state elections together. It would

reduce the significant amount of time conducting elections in terms of the use of

paramilitary forces, government staff on election duty, organizing booths, EC staff, voter

slips, and electronic voting machines. The imposition of the ‘Model Code of Conduct’ every

time an election is scheduled delays the implementation of central and state government



welfare schemes and infrastructure projects and takes away time and effort from

governance issues.

CHALLENGES:

India has a parliamentary democracy with a federal set up. This system worked fairly well

when the Congress dominated the political scenario for the first two decades since

Independence. But with the disintegration of the Congress’ dominance, the emergence of

strong national and regional parties took place. In this scenario, it would be challenging to

successfully implement the idea of simultaneous elections. These challenges are discussed

below:

1. Mammoth Task to accomplish:

The logistics involved in holding simultaneous elections would perhaps be difficult to

manage. In India, the electorate exceeds 670 million in about 700000 polling stations spread

across the country which has varying geographic and climatic zones. Many polling stations

are located in, the deserts of the Rajasthan, the snow-clad mountains in the Himalayas, and

in randomly populated islands in the Indian Ocean. Hence, in a large and diverse country

like India, finding a period when elections can be held throughout the country is difficult.

The EC has to take into account the weather, the agricultural cycle, exam schedules and

religious festivals and public holidays. The commission has to ensure peaceful polling,

prevent booth capturing and violence, check expenditure of candidates, deal with petitions

during the election, all of which require a vast number of paramilitary forces who are moved

from one part of the country to another. There is also the question of what happens to

simultaneous polls if a ruling party or coalition loses the confidence of an assembly before

the five-year term of its government has ended. Will there then be an extended period of

president’s rule, to ensure synchronicity with the election calendar?

2. Diversity in Election Results:

In India, regions with diverse cultures and languages have co-existed on the Indian sub-

continent from historic periods. In the colonial period, the rise of regional consciousness

based on movements was witnessed that provided regions an identity of their own. This

eventually converted into the demand for linguistic states, post-independence. Today, these

states have strong parties which are able to maintain control over their home turf and also

formed alliances in national coalitions. Regional parties got only 11% of the total votes cast

in the 1984 national election. And by 2009 this rose to 28.4%. In 2014, it was 27.6%. The BJP

in the 2014 elections could gain only 31% of popular votes. As parliamentary majorities are

manufactured in the states, it is worth asking whether there would be stability in newly

formed governments in Simultaneous elections as well.

Current Affairs February 2017

Publisher : Jagran Josh Author : Jagran Josh

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