acft basic jet & turboprop engines v1.1

8/3/2019 ACFT BASIC Jet & Turboprop Engines v1.1

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BASIC ACFT 3 / Jet & Turboprop engines 1

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JET & TURBOPROP ENGINESJET & TURBOPROP ENGINES

ACFT 3


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Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesLesson objectivesLesson objectives

Explain the operating principle of a jet engine [2]

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of

the jet engines [2]

List different types of jet engines [1]

Explain the operating principle of a turboprop

engine [2]

Explain the advantages and disadvantages of

the turboprop engines [2]


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Jet engines

Different types of jet engines

Turboprop engines

Examples

Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesLesson structureLesson structure


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Jet engine:

Intakes air

The air is then compressed

Fuel is injected and burned

Exhaust gas is directed backwards

Reaction force is created - THRUST

Jet enginesJet enginesIntroductionIntroduction


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Compressors Combustion

chamber

Turbines

Low pressurecompressor

High pressurecompressor

High pressureturbine

Low pressureturbine

SHAFTS

Jet enginesJet enginesMain partsMain parts


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Compressors Combustion

chamber

Turbines

Low pressurecompressor

High pressurecompressor

High pressureturbine

Low pressureturbine

SHAFTS

INDUCTIONCOMPRESSION

COMBUSTION

EXHAUST

Jet enginesJet enginesBasic principle of operationBasic principle of operation


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Engine start is achieved by:

External power turning the compressors

Fuel is added and ignitedGradually the amount of fuel is increased

until the compressors can run on its own

Engine shutdown is achieved by:

Cutting the fuel off

Jet enginesJet enginesStart / ShutdownStart / Shutdown



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The THRUST produced by a jet engine is

proportional to the mass of the air pushed

backward and its acceleration.

Temperature:

Cold weatherMore thrust

Warm weather

Less thrust

THRUST = M x (Ve Vi) per time

Altitude:

High altitudeLess thrust

Low altitude

More thrust

Speed:

High speed Less thrust

Low speed

More thrust

Jet enginesJet enginesFactors affecting thrustFactors affecting thrust



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Advantages:

Jet engines are fuel efficient at high altitudes

High power output allows construction of larger

aircraftHigh speeds give the potential for long range

flights

Smooth running system, low vibrations

High thrust to weight ratio (approx 4)

Small front cross-section (less drag)

Better mechanical efficiency

Higher reliability

Jet enginesJet enginesAdvantages / DisadvantagesAdvantages / Disadvantages



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Disadvantages:

The thrust depends on the outside air

temperaturePower changes are slow to take effect

Jet engine requires a climb to be economical

Jet enginesJet enginesAdvantages / DisadvantagesAdvantages / Disadvantages



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Jet engines


Turboprop engines

Examples




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RAM JET ENGINE

Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesTypes of jet enginesTypes of jet engines



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TWIN SHAFT JET ENGINE


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JET ENGINE WITH AFTERBURNER


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BY PASS JET ENGINE


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TURBOFAN


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Ram jet engine

Twin shaftjet engine

Jet engine with

afterburner

By-pass jet

engine

TURBOFAN


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Jet engines


Turboprop engines

Examples


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Turboprop enginesTurboprop enginesBasic principle of operationBasic principle of operation

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Advantages:

As for the jet engine, and:Higher efficiency in dense air (lower levels)Shorter runwaysMinimum drag in case of engine failure

Disadvantages:

Propeller loose efficiency at high altitudesVibration levels are slightly higherEn-route weather discomfortSlow (older generation of turboprops)

Turboprop enginesTurboprop enginesAdvantages / DisadvantagesAdvantages / Disadvantages

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Jet engines


Turboprop engines

Examples


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Boeing 747 400

Engine(s):4 Pratt & Whitney, TURBOFANSthrust 60 000 lb. (each)

Performance:

Max. speed 510 ktOperational ceiling FL450Range 7670 NM

Jet & Turboprop enginesJet & Turboprop enginesExamplesExamples

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Boeing 737 300

Engine(s):

2 CFM, TURBOFANSthrust 20 000 lb. (each)

Performance:Max. speed 420 kt

Operational ceiling FL370Range 1600 NM


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Lear jet 25

Engine(s):

2 General Electric, JETSthrust 2950 lb. (each)

Performance:

Max. speed 450 ktOperational ceiling FL510Range 1500 NM


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DASH 8 400

Engine(s):

2 Pratt & Whitney4573 hp (each)

Propeller(s):6 blades

Performance:Max. speed 320 ktOperational ceiling FL250Range 1400 NM


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SAAB 2000

Engine(s):

2 Allison TURBOPROPS4152 hp (each)

Propeller(s):6 blades



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C130 Hercules

Engine(s):

4 Allison TURBOPROPS3362 hp (each)

Propeller(s):4 blades constant speed



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Jet engines


Turboprop engines

Examples


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BASIC ACFT 3 / Jet & Turboprop engines 2901/03/2006 v1.1

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The End

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Change Record

Edition Date Reason for change Slides affected

1.0 17. 09. 2004 Released issue All

1.1 01.03. 2006 CR0623: Change of master slide format All

acft basic jet & turboprop engines v1.1

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