Bronwyn.wood@vuw.ac.nz

achievement

opportunity

engagement

empowerment

• Civic opportunities

• Civic empowerment

• BUT high and low achievers

• Gender gap

• Ethnicity

School A

Decile 1

School B

Decile 4

School C

Decile 6 School

D Decile 8

LOCAL GLOBAL

Spatial orientations of citizenship education

Wood, 2012

A key challenge for me is engaging students who have legit reasons to not care, e.g, lived in a refugee camp, lived in poverty, parents in Mob, abuse, don’t believe they will ever be anything beyond a Porirua kid.

Participatory capital

Kahne, J., & Middaugh, E. (2009). Democracy for some: The civic opportunity gap in high school. Retrieved from http://www.civicyouth.org/PopUps/WorkingPapers/WP59Kahne.pdf Lang, K. (2010). What do New Zealand students understand about civic knowledge and citizenship? Results from the ICCS Study. Retrieved from Wellington: https://www.educationcounts.govt.nz/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/85871/What-do-NZ-Students-understand-about-civic-knowledge-and-citizenship.pdf Levinson, M. (2010). The civic achievement gap. Retrieved from https://civicyouth.org/PopUps/WorkingPapers/WP51Levinson.pdf

Levinson, M. (2010). The civic empowerment gap: Defining the problem and locating the solutions. In L. Sherrod, J. Torney-Purta, & C. Flanagan (Eds.), Handbook of research on civic engagement (pp. 331-361). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Wood, B. E., Taylor, R., Atkins, R., & Johnston, M. (2017). Creating active citizens? Interpreting, implementing and assessing ‘personal social action’ in NCEA social studies: Final Report. Retrieved from Wellington: http://www.tlri.org.nz/sites/default/files/projects/TLRI%20Summary_Wood%28v2%29.pdf