“achieving excellence in software engineering” · ohsas 13485 iso 27001 cmmi > level 3 ......

© Siemens AG 2014. All rights reserved

“Achieving Excellence in Software Engineering”

Lockheed Webinar Series

September 25, 2014

Gerd Hoefner | Managing Director and CEO Siemens Technology and Services Pvt. Ltd.

Unrestricted © Siemens AG 2014 All rights reserved.

Gerd Hoefner - Achieving Excellence in Software EngineeringSeptember 25, 2014 Lockheed Webinar Series

Agenda

• Software at Siemens

• Software is changing the world

• Achieving excellence in software engineering

• Creating a software engineering culture

• Creating a people oriented culture

• Results and summary



Siemens is organized in four Sectors: Industry,

Energy, Healthcare and Infrastructure & Cities

Siemens: Facts and Figures

1) Sales in FY 2013

Siemens sectors

• Sales: ~€ 76 bn.

• Locations: In 190

countries

• Employees: ~362,000

• R&D

expenses: ~€ 4.3 bn.

• R&D

engineers: ~29,800

• Inventions: ~8,400

• Active patents: ~60,000

Key figures FY 2013

Divisions:

• Industry

Automation

• Drive

Technologies

• Customer

Services

Divisions:

• Power

Generation

• Wind Power

• Energy Service

• Power

Transmission

Divisions:

• Imaging &

Therapy Systems

• Clinical Products

• Diagnostics

• Customer

Solutions

Divisions:

• Rail Systems

• Mobility & Logistics

• Low and Medium

Voltage

• Smart Grid

• Building

Technologies

Corporate functions

Corporate Technology

Corp. Finance

…

Corp. TechnologyCorp. Development

Infrastructure& Cities

HealthcareEnergyIndustry

~€ 14 bn.1) ~€ 18 bn.1)~€ 19 bn.1) ~€ 27 bn.1)



Software is a core technology for most of Siemens‟

products, systems, solutions and services

Some examples of Siemens’ software expertise

Traffic

control and

management

Smart

grids

User-friendly

automation

solutions

Imaging

software for

diagnosis



The future: Sensors everywhere, everything

connected, everything analyzed…

Selected technology-driven trends with impact for Siemens

Pervasive

Sensing

Data / computing

in the cloud

Computer-aided

collaboration

Smart data /

everything

analyzed

Ubiquitous

mobile computing

Sustainability /

energy efficiency

Electricity

everywhere

Internet of things

Digital shadow

Autonomous

systems



Corporate Development Center – High quality

product development services at best cost position

Corporate Development Center (CT DC)

Focus on entire product life cycleStrong near and off shore presence…

…offering complete product development...

...for more than 30 Siemens business

units

…of highest performance standards…

#1 development partner within Siemens,

accounts over 20% of Siemens SW resources

ISO 9001

OHSAS 13485

ISO 27001

CMMI > level 3

NPS >90

India 80%

EU 15%

China 3%

US 2%

Main-

tenanceTestDesign

Archi-

tecture

Requirement

engineering

Imple-

mentation

Full responsibilityfor products

System and certification test

Long term engagements as integral part of development

teams

Complete design and development

Defining and implementing

SW architecture enhancements

Strong domain know-how



Agenda



• Achieving excellence in global software engineering






The world is changing…

2nd century

Claudius Ptolemy

16th century

Nicolaus Copernicus

PLC,CNC,

PCS, PC

Configuration

software

Operation &

Monitoring

software

Communication

software

Today

Main Business = Hardware

PLC

CNC

PCS

Tomorrow

Main Business = Software

Soft-

ware

PC

Paradigm Shifts



Automotive

1961-1992 – Renault R4

It is not advisable to try repairing this car yourself.

Control units > 100

Lines of code ~ 100 million

Today – Mercedes Benz S Class

More software than a F35

Lightning (8 million LoC)

and a 787 Dreamliner

(6.5 million LoC).You can repair this car yourself

using the workshop manual and

a standard toolkit.Car sub-systems controlled by software

Control units = Nil

Lines of code = Nil

– Today cars run on code

http://www.topspeed.com/cars/mercedes/2010-mercedes-s-class-ar72843/picture299208.html



Automotive – Tomorrow cars will run automatically…

From the movie “Total recall”

with Arnold Schwarzenegger, 1990



… and tomorrow is not far away!

theguardian.com, Wednesday May 28, 2014

Google's driverless car:

• no steering wheel

• two seats

• 25mph

http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/may/28/google-reveals-driverless-car-prototype

First of 100 test vehicles is

unveiled with no steering wheel

or pedals, two seats and a top

speed of 25mph

http://www.theguardian.com/



Healthcare – Software will help avoid medical errors,

which are the third largest cause of deaths in the US

Today – the doctor will see you soon

• Preventive adverse events due to human

errors result in over 440,000 deaths in the US.*

• Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE)

systems enforce structured orders and

medication checks.

• CPOE helped reduce error rates by 55%.

• Rates of serious medication errors fell by 88%.

Tomorrow – Dr. Robot will see you now

• Capabilities to support physicians’ diagnose

conditions already exist – Dr. Algorithm is a real

possibility.

• Saves effort and time for patients who can be

diagnosed while they remain at home, enabling

earlier interventions.

• FDA-approved apps already exist that use

sensors on smart phones to help diagnose

diseases.

* http://www.forbes.com/sites/leahbinder/2013/09/23/stunning-news-on-preventable-deaths-in-hospitals/

http://www.forbes.com/sites/leahbinder/2013/09/23/stunning-news-on-preventable-deaths-in-hospitals/















Software is eating the world…

Marc Andreessen

An investor, best known as co-founder of Netscape

and as co-founder and general partner of the

venture capital firm Andreessen Horowitz.

“More and more major businesses and

industries are being run on software

and delivered as online services –

from movies to agriculture to national

defense…

Over the next 10 years, I expect many

more industries to be disrupted by

software…”



… and the number of lines of code is continually

increasing

Source: Times of India, May 11, 2014

The first moon mission’s software

had 7,500 lines of code, 25% of a

simple iPhone game app.

83x

1,333x



Software …

• is everywhere

• is increasingly complex

• connects us

• is becoming more personal

• is important

• is today’s strategic resource

Source of the bullet points on Software: Paul Nielsen, Director and CEO Software Engineering Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Software Engineering: Struggles at the Frontier, presentation at the method park Technology Forum 2013

… and as a consequence the demand for software engineers will increase,

because more and more software is being developed.

To achieve excellence in software engineering, one needs to focus on people

and their capabilities!



Software engineering is all about people…

… and their capabilities

Team capability and experience is the most important success factor for software engineering projects

Source: Fraunhofer Institute for Experimental Software Engineering, Kaiserslautern, 2009

8

10

20

29

29

30

45

0 10 20 30 40 50

Development type

Domain

Programming language

Tool usage & quality/effectiveness

Project constraints

Software product complexity

Team capability and experience

Su

cce

ss fa

cto

rs

Percentage of studies where factor is ranked



Agenda









A quote

Why is this so? Let’s have a look at an example…

Steve Tockey

IEEE Computer Society Chair Certification

Committee, Professional Activities Board and

Principal Consultant at Construx Software.



How do you measure complexity of your code?

A control flow graph

of a simple program

With a metric called „cyclomatic complexity‟

M = E − N + 2P

where

M = complexity

E = the number of edges of the graph (=9)

N = the number of nodes of the graph (=8)

P = the number of exit nodes (=1)

M = 9 – 8 + (2*1) = 3

How is cyclomatic complexity defined?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Control_flow_graph_of_function_with_loop_and_an_if_statement_without_loop_back.svg



Competences – At Siemens we defined a training and

certification concept for software engineers

• Mandatory role-specific trainings

• Mandatory certifications of software engineers

based on assessments and practical experience

Curriculum for software engineers: Goal, approach and setup

Goal and

approach

Establish and ensure software quality by

• Introduction of a Siemens wide standard for software

engineers

• Establish business understanding and leadership as

important aspects for software engineers

Setup



We defined major roles and levels for software

engineers

R&D

Head

SW Project

Manager

Senior certified

Certified

Software Engineer /

Developer

Roles and levels of software engineers

Trained

0.5%

3.5%

1%

10%

85%

Architect



We developed our own training program focusing

extensively on the bottom of the pyramid

Pre-FOCUS

FOCUS - Foundation Curriculum for Software Engineers

SWA

SSWA

DesignRE

SDAT Test

Test

Campus Induction Program

Specialized programs,

> 7 years experience

Advanced FOCUS,

4- 7 years experience

Foundation,

2- 3 years exp.

Fresh

campus

recruits

QuAD

Adv

QuAD

Foun.

SSWA - Senior SW Architect

SWA - SW Architect

SDAT - SW Design and Architecture

QuAD - Quality Aware Development

CQIL – Code Quality Implementation Lead

RE - Requirements Engineering

CQILParallel

Prog.

existing

planned

Starter FOCUS

Certified

Senior certified

Ba

se

of th

e p

yra

mid



Curriculum Topics Part I (for all roles)

Topics Duration in days

1. Computing Fundamentals 1

2. Software Requirements 1

3. Software Design 0.5

4. Software Configuration Mgmt 0.5

5. Software Testing (Part I and II) 1

6. Software Process and Quality 0.5

7. Software Maintenance

8. Secure Coding topics 0.5

9. Technical Writing

Part II (For developers only)

1. Adv. Computing Concepts 0.5

2. Design Patterns 0.5

3. SW Construction (Part I and II) 1

4. Programming Concepts

1. Quality Aware Development (QuadLite)

2. Language Specifics (C++, C#, Java) 3

total 10

Each FOCUS participant goes through a ten days

training program

Target group: Employees with an

experience of two to three years

Basis: IEEE CSDA certification syllabus

adjusted to Siemens’ requirements

Approach: Class room sessions

Evaluation: Multiple choice test

Frequency: Once a month for 25

trainees per session

Faculty:

100% internal trainers



For a complete software engineer, in addition to

technical skills other skills are required as well

Behavior

• Culture

• Leadership program

• Communication

• Presentation skills

Know why

Technology (Software Engineering)

• FOCUS

• Advanced and Specialized

• Design and Architecture

• Requirements Engineering

• Test

• Code Quality

• … Know how

Domain Competence

• Basic

• Advanced

(defined jointly with business units)

Know what

Project & Quality

• Project Management

• Process Quality

Know how

Corporate Development Center’s four dimensional training program



Code quality – What it is all about!



Code quality deals with a variety of different topics

• Code quality assessment - "Assess whether there is a clever combination of

ones and zeros."

• Assessing the code quality with respect to defined code quality targets

• Making quality issues and their impact transparent

• Enabling automated quality monitoring (trend analysis)

• Code quality improvement - "Do not sell zeros."

• Propose target-oriented action plans based on assessment results

• Give developers detailed feedback on their code and how to improve it

• Support code maintenance with code comprehension techniques and systematic

refactoring approaches

• Code to quality - "Don’t let software quality become a little assignment."

• Consulting how to manage code quality from the very beginning

• Support developers to identify and resolve quality issues early and easily

• Enable developers to prevent defect introduction



Our approach to code quality focuses on four

aspects

Siemens Corporate Development Center’s approach for code quality

1. Process

• Procedure for code quality

CQMM1) and Q-minimum standards related to static analysis rules, metric rules

etc.

2. Tools

• COSMOS2) toolkit to bring into practice the Q-minimum and CQMM processes

3. Checks

• Technical audits as an early warning system and four different assessments,

depending on the specific requirements of a project

4. People

• Training (Code Quality Implementation Lead, Quality Aware Development)

1) CQMM = Code Quality Monitoring Method

2) COSMOS = COntinuous Software MOnitoring System.



CQMM – Established correlation exists between

quality attributes and rules after research

Maintainability

Changeability

Configurability

Structuredness

Documentation

Adaptability

Installability

Time behavior

Resource utilization

Fault tolerance

Soundness

Integrity

Confidentiality

Testability

Simplicity

Readability

Craftsmanship

Maintainability conformance

Portability conformance

Efficiency conformance

Runtime stability

Robustness

Correctness

Availability

Portability

Efficiency

Reliability

Security

Rule A

Rule B

Rule C

Defect A

Defect B

Metric A

Metric B

Bad smellA

Bad smellB

CQMM: Attributes, rules and relation

3000 rules from 5 design

and 12 static analysis

tools have been mapped

and are available as part

of the COSMOS toolkit

for project teams to use

• CQMM uses the ISO

9126 quality model as

its basis

• Violations reported by

static code analyzers

are mapped to quality

attributes they impact

• The CQMM approach

helps highlight

important issues

EMISQ1) Quality Model derived from ISO9126

1) EMISQ = Evaluation Method for Internal Software Quality



Metric Unit

1 Percentage code duplication %

2 Cyclomatic number Number

3 No. of statements Number

4 Nested block depth Number

5 Code to comment ratio %

6 Weighted method per class Number

7 Coupling between objects Number

8 No. of methods Number

9 No. of static methods Number

10 Lack of cohesion in methods %

11 Depth of inheritance tree Number

12 No. of children Number

13 File size in no. of lines Number

14 No. of classes per file Number

15 No. of methods definition per file Number

• Common metrics identified

from projects across all

domains

• Thresholds set (upper limit,

lower limit, goal) based on

analysis of identified

common gaps

• Metrics are documented in

the procedure for code

quality

• COSMOS tool provides a

consolidated view of metrics

and static analysis violations

• Quality gates contain

specific check points to

ensure process adherence

We use a number of different code quality metrics

Q-minimum: Code quality related metrics monitored by CT DC



Community – Siemens Software Initiative (SWI)

• The Siemens SWI is a company wide

“governance and guidance” initiative

• It is the Siemens-wide central source on

software topics, including not only technical

topics, but also how software is embedded

in the organization and processes

• The SWI works closely together with the

divisions and cross-functional organizations

and has a global view on all of its activities

Curriculum

• SSWA

• SWA

• SyA

Best Practice Sharing

E.g. on Model-Driven, System

Architecture, Cloud Computing,

Agile Development, Testing,

Security, Lean in R&D, etc.

Strategy

• SW Strategy Board

• Open Source Task Force

• Product & Solution Security Board

Reporting

• Structure

• Maturity level

• Actions



We invest in a thriving software engineering

community with both internal and external events

We implemented many different initiatives

• Monthly colloquiums

• Technology journal

• Regular best practice sharing workshops

and experience days

• Annual technology day

• Special interest groups on selected topics,

e.g. Architecture, Project Management,

Metrics

• Hackathon

• Cooperation within Siemens and with

international institutes

• …



Our 4C for a Software engineering culture have

ensured that we continuously deliver high quality

Software

engineering

culture

• We continuously

look for new ideas

and practices and

co-operate within

Siemens as well as

with the external

community

• Well defined

training programs

are conducted and

regularly updated

to meet our

competence needs

• Well trained

employees,

supported by

robust quality

initiatives, leads to

sustained high

performance

• An employee-

driven, active

community

ensures a high

level of engage-

ment and

satisfaction



Agenda









People are the heart of software engineering!

1. The most valuable assets of any R&D focused

organization are its people1)

2. Motivated employees = Satisfied customers2)

1) Human Resources and Organization Success, John Bodreau, 1996

2) Putting the Service Profit Chain to Work, James Heskett and others, HBR July 2008

Facts

ConsequenceDefining a culture and an environment that attracts, motivates,

engages, and retains employees – a people oriented culture –

is essential to achieve excellence in software engineering

Our philosophy – Our people are our core asset



Based on our analysis, we defined a comprehensive

program to address people challenges – 4C1

1) 4C are also used to characterize a diamond: Cut, Clarity, Carat, Color

Culture

Career

Compensation

Content

a fair and rewarding work environment

opportunities for learning and growth

and competitive salaries

exposure to technology and challenging

assignments

Σ = 4 C



Culture is the key to a motivating work environment

There are many ways to create a good work environment…



Peter F. Drucker: Culture eats strategy for breakfast.

We go beyond the employee’s capabilities and care

for his / her interests and families:

• XStasis, our employee forum with sports activities,

dance, drama, music and social activities

• Family@office day

• Reward and recognition programs

• “Lunch with the boss” meetings

• Employee assistance program

• Day care facility

• Concierge services

• …

We have rolled out multiple initiatives to ensure a rewarding work environment



We put in constant effort to ensure each „C‟ is

taken care of across all levels in the organization

People

oriented

culture

• International

projects

• Transfer potential

into global careers

• Working on high

impact products

• Next generation

technologies and

products

• Performance driven

culture

• Caring for interests

and families

• Market competitive

salaries

• Regular

benchmarking



Agenda



• Achieving excellence in global software engineering






Achievements

• We managed a growth of

30% year on year

• Our retention rate of 96% is

best-in-class

• In terms of work content, we

operate at a higher maturity

level than the industry

average

• Our approach has been

recognized within Siemens

as well as by the

international community

• Our partners are very

satisfied

Delhi, October 12, 2013, Siemens Corporate Development Center

in India wins the mint - Institute for Competitiveness Strategy

Award 2013 in IT service industry.

• We are best-in-class wrt code quality management

and software engineering related trainings



And we have overcome the „highly paid amateur‟

syndrome

Steve Tockey

IEEE Computer Society

Chair Certification Committee,

Professional Activities Board and

Principal Consultant at Construx Software



Summary

To achieve excellence in software engineering, key to success are the 4C,

to create a software engineering culture and a people oriented culture!

4C



Excellence – It is all about people…

Any questions?

“achieving excellence in software engineering” · ohsas 13485 iso 27001 cmmi > level 3 ......

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